CN103030112B - Vehicle mounted microwave low temperature plasma reformer system for online hydrogen production - Google Patents
Vehicle mounted microwave low temperature plasma reformer system for online hydrogen production Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel microwave low temperature plasma reformer system, particularly relates to a vehicle mounted microwave low temperature plasma reformer system for online hydrogen production. In the system, hydrogen rich gas is prepared through converting gasoline, diesel oil, alcohol, water, mixture and so on. The technical scheme is as follows: two resonant cavities of a cylindrical resonant cavity and a rectangular resonant cavity are available. As a novel multi-port input method in a tangential direction is designed, a vortex airflow is generated in the cavity of a reformer to stably generate a plasma. As two sets of gas output ports of a main gas output port and a sub output port are available, power intensity in the cavity can be kept at a lower level. Two rectangular cavity structures are as follows: as one rectangular cavity structure is designed to use a borosilicate glass tube, the risk that the microwave resonant cavity is polluted by chemical substances; and as the other rectangular cavity structure is designed to use partial resonant cavity as a chemical reactor, the design structure is simple. As an automatic starting technology is also designed, the system disclosed by the invention is used for igniting a microwave low temperature plasma when the microwave low temperature plasma is initially excited.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the microwave plasma on-line conversion hydrogen producing technology of fuel, hydrogen transmodulator and the vehicle control syetem thereof of mounted temperature plasma transmodulator control field, particularly microwave plasma reaction chamber.
Background technology
Hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas are a kind of well additives, can significantly improve the combustioncharacteristics of engine hydrocarbon fuel.The rich hydrogen technology in part that is applied to plug ignition and compression ignition engine can significantly reduce fuel consumption and dusty gas discharge.For vehicle application, use as the vehicle-mounted generation hydrogen of hydrocarbon fuel such as gasoline, diesel oil, ethanol or hydrogen-rich gas be a gordian technique.
The technology that hydrocarbon fuel molecule is restructured as to hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas mainly contains the method for pyrolysis and electrolysis.In method for pyrolysis, condition of high temperature input heat energy is opened c h bond and the O-H key of existence.But in electrolysis process, hydrocarbon fuel is transported to strong electric field region, c h bond and O-H bond rupture (being ionized into isoionic state), then regroup as hydrogen-rich gas.The chemical reaction of second alcohol and water is CH
3cH
2oH+H
2o → 2CO+4H
2.In this reaction, every mole of ethanol needs the energy of 255.43KJ in theory.
The microwave low temperature plasma reformer that microwave energy drives has advantages of efficient, easy to control, OnNow.Magnetron, transit time tube or other microwave sources can produce the microwave energy that drives low-temperature plasma reformer.The most frequently used frequency of microwave low temperature plasma reformer is 2.45GHz.Microwave low temperature plasma reformer also can use other frequencies.
Produce microwave low temperature plasma without any need for electrode.In the resonator cavity of particular design, microwave energy can activated plasma.This stablizes lasting microwave plasma can be for reformation hydrocarbon polymer with hydrogen manufacturing.Microwave plasma reformer avoids using noble metal catalyst.This greatly simplifies hydrogen manufacturing and purification system.
Some investigators have studied microwave plasma with different methods.Read has utilized the plasma jet of microwave-driven to carry out uniform high energy injection.Plasma injector does not use insulation discharge fulgurite, thus can reach very high microwave power, for thruster.Podder uses the 3KW microwave magnetron of 2.45GHz to study the character of argon plasma.Sekiguchi has done microwave discharge and has generated the research of the pure steam plasma body in atmosphere, and with the research of reforming plasma hydrocarbon polymer hydrogen manufacturing.In experiment test, Sekiguchi has used this gas that is easy to be provoked into isoionic state of argon gas, carrys out activated plasma, and has used a rectangular cavity without hot regeneration, microwave power and current control.Nakanish has studied with microwave steam reforming plasma hydrocarbon polymer, is focussed in particular on different hydrocarbon polymer hexanes and octane-iso.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of production microwave low-temperature plasma reformer system of vehicle-mounted online hydrogen manufacturing.It prepares hydrogen-rich gas with gasoline, diesel oil, alcohol, water and composition thereof etc.The present invention has adopted new microwave plasma reformer structure, has designed the self-starting technology that initially excites microwave plasma, for lighting microwave low temperature plasma.Microwave energy is effectively maintaining the fuel reforming of microwave plasma, and microwave generation magnetron is cooling with liquid coolant, and the heat that passes to refrigerant re-uses preheated liquid fuel and water, and the power of microwave and gas flow rate are controlled continuously as required.All new reformer systems make under atmospheric pressure very simple and easily operation of microwave plasma.The present invention has avoided using vacuum pump to produce difficulty and the complexity of low pressure in many microwave low temperature plasma application.
Above-mentioned purpose feature of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, and accompanying drawings is as follows.
A kind of production microwave low-temperature plasma reformer system of vehicle-mounted online hydrogen manufacturing, mainly by central controller 1001, power supply supply setter 1019, microwave generation magnetron 1020, waveguide 1021, coaxial launching device 1022, resonator cavity 1018, heat exchanger 1007 and vaporizer 1008 form, described central controller 1001 is controlled flow velocity and the microwave power of fuel and water, described power supply supply setter 1019 is used for regulating the power of microwave generation magnetron 1020, microwave generation magnetron 1020 is the microwave of 2.45GHz frequency by electric energy conversion, then be transmitted into resonator cavity 1018 by coaxial launching device 1022, described resonator cavity 1018 is also plasma reaction reformer chamber, described microwave generation magnetron 1020 use liquid coolants 1006 are cooling, heat passes to liquid fuel and water by heat exchanger 1007, liquid fuel and water enter vaporizer 1008 evaporation formation steam and enter microwave resonator 1018, the spark ignition device being arranged on spark ignition device Connection Block 1017 excites the chemical substance of reformer inner chamber into isoionic state, spark ignition device is controlled Push And Release by spark ignition device controller 1025.
Production microwave low-temperature plasma reformer system
The invention of microwave plasma reformer system is consulted shown in Fig. 1.Power supply supply setter 1019 is for regulating power, and for example on-vehicle battery meets the needs of microwave generation magnetron 1020.Microwave generation magnetron 1020 becomes electric energy conversion the microwave output of 2.45GHz frequency.Microwave is in 1021 li of propagation of waveguide, and being then transmitted into resonator cavity 1018 by coaxial launching device 1022 is in reformer chamber.
Cooling so that its temperature of microwave generation magnetron 1020 use liquid coolants 1006 is controlled in suitable scope.The heat that microwave generation magnetron 1020 produces passes to refrigerant, then reuses heat energy by heat exchanger 1007 heated liquid fuels and water, improves the temperature of liquid fuel and water.Evaporate from heat exchanger 1007 liquid fuel and water quilt in vaporizer 1008 out.The steam of liquid fuel and water is sent to 1018 li of resonator cavitys.The flow velocity of the steam of fuel and water is controlled by their flow speed controllers 10111012 separately.The flow velocity of fuel and water is determined according to the ratio of they chemical reaction equivalents.For example, the reaction of second alcohol and water, chemical equation is:
CH3CH2OH + H2O → 4H2 + 2CO
Quality 46g 18g 8g 56g
Energy or formation condition-234.6J-241.83J 0J-221.08J
This reaction is absorbed heat, and the energy that need to suck 254.82J completes reaction.Reformed gas (4H
2+ CO) heat that discharges of burning can be determined by burning equation below:
(4H2 +2CO) + 3O
2 → 2CO2 + 4H
2O
Formation condition 0J-221.08J 0J-707.04J-967.32J
The total energy that this reaction discharges is 1453.28J.The ratio of the total energy that the energy of reforming reaction input and reformed gas comprise is 254.83/1453.28=1/5.7.
Calculating has above been set up chemical substance has been excited as the relation between microwave power and the alcohol vapour flow velocity of isoionic state, as follows:
Wherein, R
ethbe the mass velocity of alcohol vapour, unit is g/s.In the microwave plasma reformer shown in Fig. 1, the relation that microwave power and ethanol mass velocity should be set up according to equation (1) is controlled.The mass velocity of water vapour should with the rapid-result following ratio of the mass flow of ethanol: ethanol: water=46:18=2.56.
There is a threshold value in microwave power, lower than this threshold value, the isoionic state of material can not maintain.Microwave power all should be greater than this threshold value under any flow velocity, consults shown in Fig. 2.When flow velocity is less than a threshold value (R
fc) time, in order to maintain the generation of plasma body, microwave power remains on a normal value.When flow velocity is greater than R
fctime, microwave power and flow velocity are according to the proportional relation of equation (1).
Two spark ignition device Connection Blocks 1017 are used for the chemical substance of resonator cavity 1018 to excite as isoionic state, and microwave energy is to chemical substance simultaneously.Once be excited into plasma body, just no longer need spark ignition device Connection Block 1017, closed by spark ignition controller, next microwave power continuously produces plasma body.Spark ignition device Connection Block 1017 in resonator cavity 1018 should be positioned at the region of the strength of electric field maximum of microwave generation, and plasma body also produces in this region.
Cylindrical cavity (reformer chamber)
Fig. 3 has shown the detailed construction of a New Resonance cylinder plasma reactor in Fig. 2.Resonator cavity 1018 cylinder plasma reactors use transversal magnetic mode TM
011.TM in barrel reactor
011the zone marker that under pattern, electric field is very strong is a, b, and c, these regions are as shown in the figure.Resonator cavity 1018 is made up of three parts.Cavity I 3002 front ends are connected with waveguide 1021, and allow probe feed projector 3001 to extend in resonator cavity, thereby microwave can be transmitted in chamber.The rear end of cavity II 3004 is connected with the front end of cavity III 3007.Cavity II 3004 is processed with fuel and water vapour and enters the path of cavity, and it comprises feeding hole road 4001, feeding annular groove 4004 and feeding wire casing 4005, consults shown in Fig. 4.Cavity III 3007 has designed two groups of reformed gas delivery ports.One is main pneumatic outlet 5002, and it is positioned at the center of cavity III 3007 rear ends, is the c region of electric field maximum herein, and plasma body is in this mouthful generation around, and main pneumatic outlet 5002 connects main pneumatic outlet conduit 3008.Another group is secondary pneumatic outlet 5001, it is positioned at the side-walls of cavity III 3007 front ends, it is the b region that electric field is very strong herein, plasma body produces in this mouthful of corresponding b region, secondary pneumatic outlet 5001 connects secondary pneumatic outlet conduit 3005, and secondary pneumatic outlet conduit 3005 is equipped with switch draught damper 3006.
Rectangular cavity
Fig. 6 has shown the structure of rectangular cavity, and this resonator cavity is operated in TE
10p(p=2,3 ...) pattern.Fig. 6 has shown a columniform pyrex pipe 6003.But cylindrical geometry shape is not unique selection, other shapes are also available.
Fig. 8 has shown the another kind of structure of rectangular cavity, and this resonator cavity is also operated in TE
10p (p=2,3 ...) pattern.An insulation division plate 8001 is divided into cavity front end and cavity rear end two portions whole resonator cavity.Insulation division plate 8001 resonant cavity cavity rear ends, as chemical reactor, produce plasma body.
Fig. 7 has illustrated electric-field intensity distribution horizontal and vertical in rectangular cavity.
The pyrex pipe 6003 that is used as reforming reactor in Fig. 6 is laterally positioned on the axis in crosscut cross section, is longitudinally positioned at peak value electric field or standing wave crest region 7005, and chemical substance microwave energy absorbing to greatest extent, consults shown in Fig. 7 like this.Described in Fig. 6, structure has advantages of that chemical substance does not directly contact with cavity, thereby can not cause chemical pollution to cavity, but uses pyrex pipe to increase system complexity.
Insulate in Fig. 8 division plate 8001 and cavity rear end formed chemical reactor, fuel is connected with two apertures on cavity rear end with reformed gas delivery channel 6002 with steam entry conduit 6001, and two apertures are positioned at top and the bottom in resonator cavity standing wave crest region 7005.Simple in structure described in Fig. 8, but chemical substance directly contacts with cavity, thus cause cavity to pollute.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following effect in the present invention:
(1) start fast and independently.The present invention has designed automatic start-up technique, in the time initially exciting microwave plasma, is used for spark ignition device to light microwave low temperature plasma.Thereby the microwave plasma that fuel molecule is reformed is because microwave energy is by continuous and effective work.
(2) stable and continuous service ground fuel reforming.The present invention has designed the novel method of many mouthfuls of inputs in tangential direction, and input gas is transported in reforming reactor, and this design can generate eddy airstream at reformer inner chamber and stablize generation plasma body.
(3) cold operation.
(4) input and output flow velocity zero to adjustable between maximum value.
(5) the efficient operation of heat energy regeneration.The present invention utilizes microwave generation magnetron liquid coolant cooling, and the heat that passes to refrigerant re-uses heated liquid fuel and water.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 microwave plasma reformer system structural representation.
Fig. 2 microwave power and flow velocity relation curve.
Fig. 3 (a) cylindrical microwave plasma reactor.
Fig. 3 (b) is that the A-A of Fig. 3 (a) is to view.
Fig. 4 is that the C-C of Fig. 3 (a) is to view (resonator cavity second section rear end).
Fig. 5 is the B-B sectional view (resonator cavity Part III) of Fig. 3 (a).
Fig. 6 (a) pyrex pipe rectangular cavity.
Fig. 6 (b) is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 6 (a).
Fig. 6 (c) is the B-B sectional view of Fig. 6 (a).
The position of reactor in the horizontal and vertical distribution of Fig. 7 electric field and cavity.
Fig. 8 (a) part cavity is as the rectangular cavity of chemical reactor.
Fig. 8 (b) is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 8 (a).
In Fig. 1:
1001. central controller 1002. flow velocity order 1003. liquid fuel tank 1004. water tanks
1005. microwave power control signal 1006. magnetron refrigerant 1007. heat exchanger 1008. vaporizers
1009. water flow velocity control signal 1010. fuel flow rate control signal 1011. water vapor controllers
1012. fuel vapour controller 1013. water flow velocity signal 1014. fuel flow rate signal 1015. water flow velocity detectors
1016. fuel flow rate detector 1017. spark ignition device Connection Block 1018. resonator cavitys (reformer chamber)
The coaxial launching device of 1019. power supply supply setter 1020. microwave generation magnetron 1021. waveguide 1022.
1023. valves (draught damper), 1024. plasma zone 1025. spark ignition device Connection Block controllers
1026. reformed gas outlet
In Fig. 3:
3001. the main pneumatic outlet conduit of probe feed projector 3002. cavity I 3003. insulation windows 3004. cavity II 3005. level pneumatic outlet conduits, 3006. draught damper 1017. spark ignition device Connection Block 3007. cavity III 3008. a. strong electric field region I b. strong electric field region II c. strong electric field region III 4001. feeding hole roads
In Fig. 4:
4001. feeding hole road 4002. screw 4003. wheel rim 4004. feeding annular groove 4005. feeding wire casings
In Fig. 5:
5001. main pneumatic outlets of level pneumatic outlet 5002.
In Fig. 6:
6001. fuel and steam entry conduit 6002. reformed gas delivery channels
6003. pyrex pipe (plasma zone) 1021. waveguide 3001. probe feed projectors
1017. spark ignition device Connection Block 1018. resonator cavitys (reformer chamber)
In Fig. 7:
7001. rectangular cavity 7002. microwaves are launched longitudinally distribution 7004. electric field lateral distribution 7005. standing wave crest regions of 7003. electric fields
In Fig. 8:
8001. insulation division plate
1021. waveguide 3001. probe feed projector 1024. plasma zones
1017. spark ignition device Connection Block 1018. resonator cavitys (reformer chamber)
6001. fuel and steam entry conduit 6002. reformed gas delivery channels
Embodiment
A kind of production microwave low-temperature plasma reformer system of vehicle-mounted online hydrogen manufacturing, mainly by central controller 1001, power supply supply setter 1019, microwave generation magnetron 1020, waveguide 1021, coaxial launching device 1022, resonator cavity 1018, heat exchanger 1007 and vaporizer 1008 form, described central controller 1001 is controlled flow velocity and the microwave power of fuel and water, described power supply supply setter 1019 is used for regulating the power of microwave generation magnetron 1020, microwave generation magnetron 1020 is the microwave of 2.45GHz frequency by electric energy conversion, then be transmitted into resonator cavity 1018 by coaxial launching device 1022, described resonator cavity 1018 is also plasma reaction reformer chamber, described microwave generation magnetron 1020 use liquid coolants 1006 are cooling, heat passes to liquid fuel and water by heat exchanger 1007, liquid fuel and water enter vaporizer 1008 evaporation formation steam and enter microwave resonator 1018, the spark ignition device being arranged on spark ignition device Connection Block 1017 excites the chemical substance of reformer inner chamber into isoionic state, spark ignition device is controlled Push And Release by spark ignition device controller 1025.
Described resonator cavity 1018 is cylindrical structural, resonator cavity is made up of three part cavitys, cavity I 3002 front ends are connected with waveguide 1021, and allow probe feed projector 3001 to extend in resonator cavity, the rear end of cavity II 3004 is connected with the front end of cavity III 3007, between cavity I 3002 and cavity II 3004, insulation windows 3003 is housed, reaction chamber and probe feed projector 3001 are separated, insulation windows 3003 allows microwave to pass through, cavity III 3007 is provided with a main pneumatic outlet 5002 and one group of secondary pneumatic outlet 5001, main pneumatic outlet 5002 is connected with main pneumatic outlet conduit 3008, secondary pneumatic outlet 5001 is connected with secondary pneumatic outlet conduit 3005, secondary pneumatic outlet conduit 3005 connects draught damper 3006, the maximum diameter of the main delivery port of gas should guarantee that unreacted chemical gas can not be from going out in the time of low power run here.
The wheel rim 4003 of described cavity II 3004 is provided with screw 4002 and feeding annular groove 4004, on feeding annular groove 4004, have feeding hole road 4001, bolt connects cavity II 3004 and cavity III 3007 by screw 4002, fuel and water vapor enter feeding annular groove 4004 by feeding hole road 4001, feeding annular groove 4004 makes steam flow along grooved ring, multiple tilting feeding wire casings 4005 on cavity II 3004 inwalls, are tangentially opened, feeding annular groove 4004 is communicated with feeding wire casing 4005, and its effect is in cavity, to produce eddy airstream plasma stability is generated.
Described main pneumatic outlet 5002 is located at the center of cavity III 3007 rear ends, and described secondary pneumatic outlet 5001 is located on the periphery of cavity III 3007 front ends, and equipped at outlet port is provided with the draught damper 3006 of a switch.
Described resonator cavity 1018 is rectangular configuration, and this resonator cavity is operated in TE
10p, p=2, 3, under pattern, described waveguide 1021 is connected to resonator cavity bottom, probe feed projector 3001 is arranged on the some place of electric field maximum, and extend to launched microwave in resonator cavity, in resonator cavity, insert a pyrex pipe 6003 as reforming reactor, pyrex pipe 6003 one end are connected with fuel and steam entry conduit 6001 by a junctor, pyrex pipe 6003 the other ends connect vapor pipe by two junctors, reformed gas is exported by reformed gas delivery channel 6002, spark lighter is arranged on resonator cavity wall by spark ignition device Connection Block 1017, and extend in pyrex pipe 6003 for starting plasma generation, once plasma generation excites and is maintained by microwave power, spark lighter will cut out.
The microwave transmitting 7002 of the resonator cavity 1018 of described rectangular configuration forms standing wave in rectangular cavity 7001, and standing wave forms longitudinally distribution 7003 and lateral distribution 7004 of electric field in rectangular cavity 7001, and its peak value electric field is positioned at standing wave crest region 7005.
Described pyrex pipe 6003 is perpendicular to resonator cavity A-A section, and is positioned at the central position that resonator cavity square section is B-B section, is positioned over standing wave crest region 7005, and is parallel to direction of an electric field.
Described resonator cavity 1018 is rectangular configuration, and this resonator cavity is operated in TE
10p, p=2, 3, under pattern, resonator cavity is made up of front and back two portions, cavity front end is connected with waveguide 1021, and allow probe feed projector 3001 to extend in resonator cavity, cavity rear end is connected with fuel and steam entry conduit 6001 and reformed gas delivery channel 6002, cavity rear end is designed with spark ignition device Connection Block 1017 near fuel and steam entry conduit 6001 places, cavity front end and cavity rear end are separated by an insulation division plate 8001, insulation division plate 8001 allows microwave to pass through, but isolate the phase mutual diffusion of particle between cavity front end and cavity rear end, insulation division plate 8001 and cavity rear end have formed plasma reforming reaction region, insulation division plate 23 makes microwave probe feed projector 3001 not be subject to chemical contamination, and cancel pyrex pipe 6003, increase the reform volume of chemical conversion zone of plasma.
Open a hole at the top in resonator cavity standing wave crest region 7005, this hole is connected with steam entry conduit 6001 with a fuel by junctor, the steam of fuel and water enters reactor by this hole, correspondingly open another hole in 7005 bottoms, resonator cavity standing wave crest region, connect reformed gas delivery channel 6002, reformed gas output-response device, spark ignition device Connection Block 1017 is arranged on resonator cavity and extends to standing internal wave crest region, chamber 7005 and is used for starting plasma generation, once plasma generation excites and is maintained by microwave power, spark lighter will cut out.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, content of the present invention is further described.
Figure 1 shows that the schematic diagram of microwave plasma reformer system.Central controller 1001 is controlled flow velocity and the microwave power of fuel and water.This system has adopted a power supply supply setter 1019 to regulate power, supply microwave generation magnetron 1020 is the microwave of 2.45GHz frequency by electric energy conversion, microwave is sent to coaxial launching device 1022 through waveguide 1021, is then transmitted into resonator cavity 1018 by coaxial launching device 1022.Microwave generation magnetron 1020 use liquid coolants 1006 are cooling, and heat passes to liquid fuel and water by heat exchanger 1007, and liquid fuel and water enter vaporizer 1008 evaporation formation steam and enters resonator cavity 1018.Spark ignition device Connection Block 1017 excites the chemical substance of reformer chamber into isoionic state.Spark ignition device Connection Block controller 1025 is controlled the Push And Release of spark ignition device Connection Block 1017.
Figure 2 shows that the graph of a relation of microwave power and fuel and water flow velocity.Central controller 1001 receives flow velocity order 1002, meanwhile, real-time collecting fuel flow rate signal 1014 and water flow velocity signal 1013, then send water flow velocity control signal 1009 and fuel flow rate control signal 1010 to fuel vapour controller 1012 and water vapor controller 1011, supply with suitable fuel and the water yield; Meanwhile, send microwave power control signal 1005 to power supply supply setter 1019, supply with suitable power to microwave generation magnetron 1020.
Figure 3 shows that the structure of a New Resonance cylinder plasma reactor.As shown in the figure, resonator cavity is made up of three parts.Cavity I3002 front end is connected with waveguide 1021, and allows probe feed projector 3001 to extend in resonator cavity, and microwave can be transmitted in chamber like this.The rear end of cavity II3004 is connected to the front end of cavity III3007.Cavity II3004 and cavity III3007 have formed reaction chamber.Between cavity I3002 and cavity II3004, be an insulation windows 3003, insulation windows 3003 is separated reaction chamber and probe feed projector 3001, and insulation windows 3003 allows microwave to pass through, and has avoided probe feed projector 3001 by chemical pollution.Cavity III3007 has two groups of gas delivery ports, main gas delivery port 5002 is connected respectively a main gas delivery port conduit 3008 and one group of secondary gas delivery port conduit 3005 with secondary gas delivery port 5001, and the maximum diameter of main gas delivery port 5002 should guarantee that unreacted chemical gas can not be from going out in the time of low power run here.This means, in the time of low power run, plasma body region should cover whole main gas delivery port 5002.But in the high power operation situation of high flow rate, the main gas delivery port 5002 of minor diameter can cause larger mechanical resistance to output gas, thereby forms chamber inner high voltage and higher mechanical loss.In order to address this problem, be provided with one group of secondary gas delivery port 5001 in cavity III3007 periphery.The reason of design is to guarantee reformed gas efficiently output in low-loss situation like this.
Figure 4 shows that the sectional view of cavity II3004C-C direction in Fig. 3.On the wheel rim 4003 of cavity II3004, have screw 4002, screw 4002 is for connecting cavity III3007.Wheel rim 4003 has feeding annular groove 4004 near the edge of chamber inner side along circumferential line, and feeding annular groove 4004 has the feeding hole road 4001 outside connected chamber, on the inner side-wall between feeding annular groove 4004 and chamber, has tangentially opened multiple feeding wire casings 4005.Fuel and water vapour enter feeding annular groove 4004 by feeding hole road 4001 like this, then enter in cavity by feeding wire casing 4005, can in cavity, produce eddy airstream plasma stability is generated.
Figure 5 shows that the sectional view of cavity III3007B-B direction in Fig. 3.At cavity III3007, two groups of reformed gas delivery ports are designed.One is main gas delivery port 5002, and it is positioned at the center of cavity III3007 rear end, and electric field is maximum herein, and plasma body is in this mouthful generation around.One group is secondary gas delivery port 5001, and these secondary gas delivery ports 5001 are positioned at the longitudinal maximum point of electric field place, and they are evenly distributed on cavity III3007 perisporium.On the conduit of each secondary gas delivery port 5001, there is the draught damper 3006 of a switch.The in the situation that of low flow velocity low power run, all secondary gas delivery ports 5001 are all closed.In the time that power, flow velocity rise to certain level---now strength of electric field enough can maintain greatly secondary gas delivery port 5001 and produce plasma body around, spark ignition device Connection Block 1017 excites the plasma body in this region, and the secondary gas delivery port 5001 of part is opened.In the time that power, flow velocity reach maximum value, all secondary gas delivery ports 5001 are all opened.Owing to producing plasma body near secondary gas delivery port 5001, the power density in main gas delivery port 5002 regions declines.
Figure 6 shows that the structure of rectangular cavity, this resonator cavity is operated in TE
10p(p=2,3 ...) pattern.The waveguide 1021 of input microwave is connected to bottom, chamber, and probe feed projector 3001 is vertical through chamber wall, extends to launched microwave in chamber.Probe feed projector 3001 should be arranged on the some place of electric field maximum.In chamber, insert a pyrex pipe 6003 as reforming reactor.Pyrex pipe 6003 one end connect fuel and steam entry conduit 6001 by junctor, the steam input reactor of fuel and water.Pyrex pipe 6003 the other ends connect reformed gas delivery channel 6002 by junctor, reformed gas output-response device.Spark ignition device Connection Block 1017 is arranged on resonator cavity and extends to the interior plasma generation that starts of pyrex pipe 6003.Once plasma generation excites and maintained by microwave power, spark ignition device Connection Block 1017 will be closed.
Figure 7 shows that microwave transmitting 7002, electric field in the resonator cavity of rectangular cavity 7001 shapes and chamber longitudinally distribute 7003, position relationship between electric field lateral distribution 7004 and standing wave crest region 7005.On the square section of rectangular cavity 7001, the maximum value of strength of electric field is accurately positioned on the axis, square section of consulting shown in Fig. 7.In the vertical, strength of electric field is Sine distribution.The design of cavity length should meet: the retonation wave of forward-wave and the cavity the other end forms standing wave.This that is to say that waveform does not change in time.In chamber, form standing wave and need to carry out impedance matching, conventionally depend on laboratory test.
The another kind of structure that Figure 8 shows that rectangular cavity, this resonator cavity is also operated in TE
10p(p=2,3 ...) pattern.An insulation division plate 8001 is divided into two portions whole resonator cavity.Insulation division plate 8001 and cavity rear end have formed chemical reactor, produce plasma body.In the position at 7005 maximum field places, standing wave crest region, split two via holes through top and the bottom of resonator cavity.Top-portion apertures connects fuel and steam entry conduit 6001 by junctor, and the steam of fuel and water enters reactor by top-portion apertures.Base apertures connects reformed gas delivery channel 6002 by junctor, and reformed gas is by base apertures output-response device.Spark ignition device Connection Block 1017 is arranged on resonator cavity and extends to and in cavity, starts plasma generation.Once plasma generation excites and maintained by microwave power, spark lighter will cut out.In Fig. 8 design, microwave probe feed projector 3001 is not subject to chemical contamination.Simple in structure described in Fig. 8, but chemical substance and cavity exist and directly contact, thus cause cavity pollution.
Claims (5)
1. the production microwave low-temperature plasma reformer system of a vehicle-mounted online hydrogen manufacturing, mainly by central controller (1001), power supply supply setter (1019), microwave generation magnetron (1020), waveguide (1021), coaxial launching device (1022), resonator cavity (1018), heat exchanger (1007) and vaporizer (1008) composition, described central controller (1001) is controlled flow velocity and the microwave power of fuel and water, described power supply supply setter (1019) is used for regulating the power of microwave generation magnetron (1020), microwave generation magnetron (1020) is the microwave of 2.45GHz frequency by electric energy conversion, then be transmitted into resonator cavity (1018) by coaxial launching device (1022), described resonator cavity (1018) is also plasma reaction reformer chamber, described microwave generation magnetron (1020) is cooling with liquid coolant (1006), heat passes to liquid fuel and water by heat exchanger (1007), liquid fuel and water enter vaporizer (1008) evaporation formation steam and enter microwave resonator (1018), the spark ignition device being arranged on spark ignition device Connection Block (1017) excites the chemical substance of reformer inner chamber into isoionic state, spark ignition device is controlled Push And Release by spark ignition device controller (1025), it is characterized in that:
Described resonator cavity (1018) is rectangular configuration, and this resonator cavity is operated in TE
10p, p=2, 3, under pattern, described waveguide (1021) is connected to resonator cavity bottom, probe feed projector (3001) is arranged on the some place of electric field maximum, and extend to launched microwave in resonator cavity, in resonator cavity, insert a pyrex pipe (6003) as reforming reactor, pyrex pipe (6003) one end is connected with fuel and steam entry conduit (6001) by a junctor, pyrex pipe (6003) the other end connects vapor pipe by two junctors, reformed gas is exported by reformed gas delivery channel (6002), spark lighter is arranged on resonator cavity wall by spark ignition device Connection Block (1017), and extend in pyrex pipe (6003) for starting plasma generation, once plasma generation excites and is maintained by microwave power, spark lighter will cut out,
Chemical substance excites as the relation between the microwave power of isoionic state and alcohol vapour flow velocity, as follows:
Wherein, R
ethbe the mass velocity of alcohol vapour, unit is g/s; In microwave plasma reformer, microwave power and ethanol mass velocity are controlled according to the relation of establishing equation, the mass velocity of water vapour should with the rapid-result following ratio of the mass flow of ethanol: ethanol: water=46:18=2.56.
2. the production microwave low-temperature plasma reformer system of a kind of vehicle-mounted online hydrogen manufacturing according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
There is a threshold value in described microwave power, lower than this threshold value, the isoionic state of material can not maintain, and microwave power all should be greater than this threshold value under any flow velocity, when flow velocity is less than a threshold value R
fctime, in order to maintain the generation of plasma body, microwave power remains on a normal value, when flow velocity is greater than R
fctime, microwave power and flow velocity are according to the proportional relation of equation (1).
3. the production microwave low-temperature plasma reformer system of a kind of vehicle-mounted online hydrogen manufacturing according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that:
The microwave transmitting (7002) of the resonator cavity (1018) of described rectangular configuration forms standing wave in rectangular cavity (7001), standing wave forms in rectangular cavity (7001) that electric field longitudinally distributes (7003) and lateral distribution (7004), and its peak value electric field is positioned at standing wave crest region (7005).
4. the production microwave low-temperature plasma reformer system of a kind of vehicle-mounted online hydrogen manufacturing according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that:
Described pyrex pipe (6003) is perpendicular to resonator cavity A-A section, and is positioned at the central position that resonator cavity square section is B-B section, is positioned over standing wave crest region (7005), and is parallel to direction of an electric field.
5. the production microwave low-temperature plasma reformer system of a kind of vehicle-mounted online hydrogen manufacturing according to claim 4, is characterized in that:
Open a hole at the top in resonator cavity standing wave crest region (7005), this hole is connected with steam entry conduit (6001) with a fuel by junctor, the steam of fuel and water enters reactor by this hole, correspondingly open another hole in bottom, resonator cavity standing wave crest region (7005), connect reformed gas delivery channel (6002), reformed gas output-response device, spark ignition device Connection Block (1017) is arranged on resonator cavity and extends to standing internal wave crest region, chamber (7005), be used for starting plasma generation, once plasma generation excites and is maintained by microwave power, spark lighter will cut out.
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| CN1516994A (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2004-07-28 | 戴维系统技术公司 | Method for plasma-catalytic conversion of fuels that can be used in internal combustion engine or gas turbine into synthetic gas and plasma-catalytic converter used for same |
| US7037484B1 (en) * | 2002-06-21 | 2006-05-02 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Plasma reactor for cracking ammonia and hydrogen-rich gases to hydrogen |
| CN201301341Y (en) * | 2008-11-04 | 2009-09-02 | 乐培界 | Microwave-plasma experimental facility |
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| US8636960B2 (en) * | 2002-07-23 | 2014-01-28 | Iplas Gmbh | Plasma reactor for carrying out gas reactions and method for the plasma-supported reaction of gases |
| AU2003277326A1 (en) * | 2002-10-08 | 2004-05-04 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | A fuel reforming apparatus for producing a carbon-monoxide free reformed fuel gas comprising hydrogen |
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| US7037484B1 (en) * | 2002-06-21 | 2006-05-02 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Plasma reactor for cracking ammonia and hydrogen-rich gases to hydrogen |
| CN201301341Y (en) * | 2008-11-04 | 2009-09-02 | 乐培界 | Microwave-plasma experimental facility |
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