CN103056179A - Warm extrusion forming method for straight toothed spur gear - Google Patents
Warm extrusion forming method for straight toothed spur gear Download PDFInfo
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- CN103056179A CN103056179A CN2013100097708A CN201310009770A CN103056179A CN 103056179 A CN103056179 A CN 103056179A CN 2013100097708 A CN2013100097708 A CN 2013100097708A CN 201310009770 A CN201310009770 A CN 201310009770A CN 103056179 A CN103056179 A CN 103056179A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a warm extrusion forming method for a straight toothed spur gear. The blank is heated by adopting warm forming and combining differential temperature forming, and reasonable die design and lubricating selection are realized. According to the technical scheme, the first method comprises the following steps of extruding, upsetting and performing reverse secondary extrusion (in the same set of extrusion set); and the second method comprises the following steps of extruding and performing reverse secondary extrusion (concave dies of different sizes). According to the forming process, the forming force can be effectively reduced, and the tooth filling form is good. The warm extrusion forming method has the advantages that the defects that the cutting machining method is low in material utilization rate, low in production efficiency and high in product cost and the gear strength and service life are reduced because the metal fiber is cut are overcome; and meanwhile, the problems that the other plastic forming methods are high in forming force, difficult in corner filling and short in service life of the die and the like are solved, and the warm extrusion forming method is expected to realize industrial production of straight toothed spur gears in the field of plastic forming.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of machining process, particularly a kind of warm-extrusion forming method of straight spur gear.
Background technology
Gear particularly has a very wide range of applications in manufacturing industry at engineering field as transmitting one of basic part of motion and power.Wherein, straight spur gear is not only complex-shaped, and dimensional accuracy, surface quality and comprehensive mechanical property requirement are very high, and has the large characteristics of production lot.At present, traditional cutting working method is adopted in spur gear production mostly, and stock utilization is low, and production efficiency is low, and product cost is high, causes the strength of gear teeth and service life to be reduced owing to metallic fiber is cut off simultaneously.In a word, the processing technology of present straight spur gear has the following disadvantages: 1, stock utilization is low; 2, production efficiency is low; 3, product cost is high; 4, product strength and service life are low etc.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has overcome deficiency of the prior art, and the processing technology of the refining base of a kind of straight spur gear is provided.
In order to solve the technical problem of above-mentioned existence, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
Scheme one:
A kind of warm-extrusion forming method of straight spur gear, its concrete steps are as follows:
First step blanking: determine the size of blank according to the target gear, carry out blanking, the blank bottom is cylindrical, and top is conical, and the bottom body diameter is larger 6% ~ 10% than target gear compound graduation circular diameter, and top chamfer is 12 ° ~ 15 °;
Second step mould and die preheating: use acetylene flame with mould and die preheating to 200 ℃ ~ 250 ℃, the thermal loss when contacting with mould to reduce blank;
The 3rd step blank heating: after blank surface is smeared lubricant, by the medium-high frequency eddy-current heating blank is implemented differential heating, make the blank external temperature reach the temperature range of Warm Extrusion, and the inner lower temperature that keeps;
For the first time extruding of the 4th step: blank is carried out the extruding first time, smear lubricant at die surface before the extruding, make coefficient of friction reach 0.4 ~ 0.6;
At this moment there is the angle of collapsing of certain size in the workpiece head of gained, can cause more waste of material if directly carry out following process.
The 5th goes on foot jumping-up: the jumping-up that carries out certain upset ratio after blank is heated again;
The 6th step is for the second time extruding oppositely: the blank behind the jumping-up is collapsed the angle section up, after soon the blank laying state of extruding is turned 180 ° for the first time, carry out the extruding second time.
So just can obtain meeting the refining base of gear of dimensional requirement, and have very high stock utilization.
Comprise punch and die at the mould described in method 1 the 4th step, described punch adopts the type gear design with incomplete profile of tooth, is equivalent to the target gear that will produce and is cut the shape of tooth top after partly;
Like this design punch avoided cylinder class punch in extrusion process owing to the metal reverse flow that parts of tooth is caused without constraint, produce larger burr.Do not adopt complete tooth Shape Design to be because allow an amount of reverse flow of metal, thereby reduce plastic force, die is played a protective role.
Described die comprises that die enters mould section and die shaped segment;
The interior profile of described die shaped segment is consistent with target gear plane projection shape, and size is bigger than normal, is by the certain numerical value gained of the outside biasing of target gear-profile;
The purpose of design die shaped segment is like this, even gear teeth part corner is filled difficulty in the extrusion process, fails to be full of fully, can guarantee that also tooth profile behind the extrusion molding reaches or is a bit larger tham the target gear, satisfies the requirement of the refining base of gear.
Described to enter mould partly be to have the corresponding tilting section that enters the modular angle degree, and entering mould section height and entering the modular angle degree is to determine according to the parameter of target gear.Be 2 such as module, enter the modular angle degree and generally elect 35 ° ~ 55 ° as that it is excessive or too smallly all can cause workpiece end to form collapsing more greatly the angle or fill the shape deficiency to enter modular angle.Entering mould section profile is from die gear teeth middle part any three fillet surface to the shaped segment transition of tooth root circular portion.Design is in order to make sufficient metal flow to shaped segment, to satisfy the demand of filling shape like this.
Scheme two:
A kind of warm-extrusion forming method of straight spur gear, its concrete steps are as follows:
First step blanking: according to the billet size blanking of design, the blank bottom is cylindrical, and top be taper shape, and the bottom body diameter is larger 6% ~ 10% than target gear compound graduation circular diameter, and top chamfer is 12 ° ~ 15 °;
Second step mould and die preheating: use acetylene flame with mould and die preheating to 200 ℃ ~ 250 ℃, the thermal loss when contacting with mould to reduce blank;
The 3rd step blank heating: after blank surface is smeared lubricant, by the medium-high frequency eddy-current heating blank is implemented differential heating, make the blank external temperature reach the temperature range of Warm Extrusion, and the inner lower temperature that keeps;
For the first time extruding of the 4th step: blank is carried out the extruding first time, smear lubricant at die surface before the extruding, make coefficient of friction reach 0.4 ~ 0.6;
The 5th step is for the second time extruding oppositely: after the blank laying state of for the first time extruding is turned 180 °, carry out the extruding second time.
The difference of method two flow process and said method one flow process is to have used two cover dies, and wherein pushing for the first time used die, to push for the second time used die tooth profile larger, can think extruding and the jumping-up operation merging first time in said method one flow process.
Should be noted in the discussion above that run-off the straight causes the equipment unbalance loading to cause mould impaired when placing for fear of blank, when blank is placed, knock-pin should be ejected to correct position that blank steadily is placed on the knock-pin upper surface, and knock-pin together pushes back with blank.
The warm-extrusion forming method of a kind of straight spur gear provided by the invention has kept high, the characteristics such as production efficiency is high, product good mechanical property of stock utilization that plastic molding method has.The problems such as simultaneously, it is large to have overcome the plastic force that other plastic molding method runs into, and corner is filled difficulty, and die life is low.Be equipped with again follow-up fine finishining, be expected to realize in the Plastic Forming field suitability for industrialized production of straight spur gear.The present invention mainly is: the design of straight spur gear warm extrusion technology shaping dies; The design of blank shape size; The technological process of Gear Processing; The realization of lubricating condition in the forming process; The method of mould and die preheating etc.
Because adopt technique scheme, the present invention compares with traditional straight spur gear processing technology, has such beneficial effect:
1, adopt process of the present invention greatly to improve stock utilization and production efficiency;
2, the present invention adopts extrusion forming process, and blank is subjected to the three-dimensional compressive stress state, makes the material grains refinement, improves density, and Plastic Forming kept the integrality of metallic fiber, and properties of product are significantly improved;
3, the present invention adopts warm working and in conjunction with the differential temperature method, has reduced the impact of oxide skin on machining accuracy, has guaranteed the precision of refining base;
4, the required Design of Dies of process of the present invention is unique, but the Effective Raise mold use life-span reduces production costs.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the refining base simplified schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention 1 straight spur gear;
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the invention 1 blank shape simplified schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the invention 1 mould general assembly drawing;
Fig. 4 is the embodiment of the invention 1 punch profile simplified schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the embodiment of the invention 1 die profile simplified schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is the embodiment of the invention 1 extruding simplified schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is the embodiment of the invention 2 twice Extruding die silhouette contrast figure;
Among the figure: 1. base, 2. sleeve, 3. nut, 4. blank, 5. guide pillar, 6. guide pin bushing, 7. upper bolster, 8. punch fixed cover, 9. screw, 10. gasket ring, 14. dies, 15. collars, 16, lower gasket ring, 17. screws, 18. push rods on punch, 11. pressure rings, 12. screws, 13.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and the specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:
Take modulus as 2, the number of teeth is 31, and pressure angle is that the warm-extrusion forming of 20 ° the refining base of standard straight spur geer is example.Material is 20Cr2Ni4, makes with extra care the base geomery as shown in Figure 1, facewidth B=17.5mm; Reference diameter D=62mm; Tip diameter D
1=66.9mm; The profile variation △ of refining base and master gear=0.3mm.
Method one:
First step blanking
With the bar of Ф 70 cut, turning, obtain designing the blank shape size, as shown in Figure 2.The bottom body diameter is D=67.5mm; Top diameter d=57.5mm; H=35mm; H=15mm.Once can produce the wheel blank of two transverse tooth thickness with this blank.
The second step mould and die preheating
Use acetylene flame that mould is carried out preheating, mould and push rod end region temperature are reached about 200 ℃.Design of Dies as shown in Figure 3.Punch is D=62mm as shown in Figure 4.Die is D=65mm as shown in Figure 5; D
a=100mm; D
b=67mm; D
c=55mm; H=45mm; H=11.5mm; Enter modular angle α=36 °.
The 3rd step blank heating
Then the lubricant application that will configure in advance first uses the medium-high frequency eddy-current heating that blank is heated in blank surface, makes external temperature reach the warm working temperature range, and the inner lower temperature that keeps.
The for the first time extruding of the 4th step
Lubricant evenly is applied in die surface, then blank steadily is placed on the knock-pin end, use the Y315 press to carry out the extruding first time, as shown in Figure 6.
The 5th step jumping-up
Carry out the jumping-up of certain upset ratio after blank after for the first time extruding reheated.
The for the second time extruding of the 6th step
Blank behind the jumping-up is collapsed the angle section up, after the blank laying state that is about to push is for the first time turned 180 °, carry out the extruding second time.
Method two:
The first step---three-procedure is identical with method one;
The for the first time extruding of the 4th step
Lubricant evenly is applied in die surface, then blank steadily is placed on the knock-pin end, use the Y315 press to carry out the extruding first time.
The for the second time extruding of the 5th step
Blank after for the first time extruding is reheated, then collapse the angle section up, after the blank laying state that is about to push is for the first time turned 180 °, carry out the extruding second time.The used die contrast of twice extruding, as shown in Figure 7.
Claims (5)
1. the warm-extrusion forming method of a straight spur gear, it is characterized in that: the concrete steps of the method are as follows:
First step blanking: determine the size of blank according to the target gear, carry out blanking, the blank bottom is cylindrical, and top is conical, and the bottom body diameter is larger 6% ~ 10% than target gear compound graduation circular diameter, and top chamfer is 12 ° ~ 15 °;
Second step mould and die preheating: use acetylene flame with mould and die preheating to 200 ℃ ~ 250 ℃, the thermal loss when contacting with mould to reduce blank;
The 3rd step blank heating: after blank surface is smeared lubricant, by the medium-high frequency eddy-current heating blank is implemented differential heating, make the blank external temperature reach the temperature range of Warm Extrusion, and the inner lower temperature that keeps;
For the first time extruding of the 4th step: blank is carried out the extruding first time, smear lubricant at die surface before the extruding, make coefficient of friction reach 0.4 ~ 0.6;
The 5th goes on foot jumping-up: the jumping-up that carries out certain upset ratio after blank is heated again;
The 6th step is for the second time extruding oppositely: the blank behind the jumping-up is collapsed the angle section up, after soon the blank laying state of extruding is turned 180 ° for the first time, carry out the extruding second time.
2. the warm-extrusion forming method of a kind of straight spur gear according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise punch and die at the mould described in the 4th step, described punch adopts the type gear design with incomplete profile of tooth, is equivalent to the target gear that will produce and is cut the shape of tooth top after partly;
Described die comprises that die enters mould section and die shaped segment;
The interior profile of described die shaped segment is consistent with target gear plane projection shape, and size is bigger than normal, is by the certain numerical value gained of the outside biasing of target gear-profile;
Described to enter mould partly be to have the corresponding tilting section that enters the modular angle degree, and entering mould section height and entering the modular angle degree is to determine according to the parameter of target gear.
3. the warm-extrusion forming method of a straight spur gear, it is characterized in that: the concrete steps of the method are as follows:
First step blanking: according to the billet size blanking of design, the blank bottom is cylindrical, and top be taper shape, and the bottom body diameter is larger 6% ~ 10% than target gear compound graduation circular diameter, and top chamfer is 12 ° ~ 15 °;
Second step mould and die preheating: use acetylene flame with mould and die preheating to 200 ℃ ~ 250 ℃, the thermal loss when contacting with mould to reduce blank;
The 3rd step blank heating: after blank surface is smeared lubricant, by the medium-high frequency eddy-current heating blank is implemented differential heating, make the blank external temperature reach the temperature range of Warm Extrusion, and the inner lower temperature that keeps;
For the first time extruding of the 4th step: for the first time extruding of the 4th step: blank is carried out the extruding first time, smear lubricant at die surface before the extruding, make coefficient of friction reach 0.4 ~ 0.6;
The 5th step is for the second time extruding oppositely: after the blank laying state of for the first time extruding is turned 180 °, carry out the extruding second time.
4. the warm-extrusion forming method of a kind of straight spur gear according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: comprise punch and die at the mould described in the 4th step, described punch adopts the type gear design with incomplete profile of tooth, is equivalent to the target gear that will produce and is cut the shape of tooth top after partly;
Described die comprises that die enters mould section and die shaped segment;
The interior profile of described die shaped segment is consistent with target gear plane projection shape, and size is bigger than normal, is by the certain numerical value gained of the outside biasing of target gear-profile;
Described to enter mould partly be to have the corresponding tilting section that enters the modular angle degree, and entering mould section height and entering the modular angle degree is to determine according to the parameter of target gear.
5. the warm-extrusion forming method of a kind of straight spur gear according to claim 3 is characterized in that: push used die the first time in described the 4th step and push used die tooth profile the second time in more described the 5th step and want large.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310009770.8A CN103056179B (en) | 2013-01-11 | 2013-01-11 | Warm extrusion forming method for straight toothed spur gear |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310009770.8A CN103056179B (en) | 2013-01-11 | 2013-01-11 | Warm extrusion forming method for straight toothed spur gear |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103567247A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-02-12 | 山东建筑大学 | Novel warm extrusion method for efficiently processing internal-tooth cylindrical gears |
| CN103658213A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-03-26 | 山东建筑大学 | Novel extrusion method for efficiently machining straight spur gear |
| CN103831312A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2014-06-04 | 山东建筑大学 | Warm extrusion forming method for efficiently processing 20 CrNiMo straight tooth racks |
| CN105069207A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-18 | 燕山大学 | Forging process numerical simulation method considering initial grain size nonuniformity |
| CN106140856A (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2016-11-23 | 山东省科学院新材料研究所 | A kind of large scale is carefully brilliant or ultrafine grain metal bar hot-extrusion mold and pressing method |
| CN106914507A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-07-04 | 燕山大学 | A kind of large gear local induction heating extrusion forming method |
| CN107282670A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-10-24 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of extrusion blooming method of turbine disk high temperature alloy ingot casting |
| CN115591966A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2023-01-13 | 重庆旺德福机械有限公司（Cn） | Large modulus straight gear cold extrusion process |
| CN116274455A (en) * | 2023-03-17 | 2023-06-23 | 山东普瑞而机械制造有限公司 | Gear ring warm extrusion manufacturing method |
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| CN1367051A (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2002-09-04 | 华北工学院 | Gear precision plastic forming process and its forming mould |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103567247A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-02-12 | 山东建筑大学 | Novel warm extrusion method for efficiently processing internal-tooth cylindrical gears |
| CN103658213A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-03-26 | 山东建筑大学 | Novel extrusion method for efficiently machining straight spur gear |
| CN103658213B (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2017-01-04 | 山东建筑大学 | A kind of extruding new method of highly-efficient processing straight spur gear |
| CN103831312B (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2015-08-05 | 山东建筑大学 | A kind of warm-extrusion forming method of highly-efficient processing 20CrNiMo spur rack |
| CN103831312A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2014-06-04 | 山东建筑大学 | Warm extrusion forming method for efficiently processing 20 CrNiMo straight tooth racks |
| CN105069207A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-18 | 燕山大学 | Forging process numerical simulation method considering initial grain size nonuniformity |
| CN105069207B (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2019-03-22 | 燕山大学 | Consider the forging process method for numerical simulation of initial uneven grain degree |
| CN106140856A (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2016-11-23 | 山东省科学院新材料研究所 | A kind of large scale is carefully brilliant or ultrafine grain metal bar hot-extrusion mold and pressing method |
| CN106140856B (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2018-01-12 | 山东省科学院新材料研究所 | A kind of large scale fine grain or ultrafine grain metal bar hot-extrusion mold and pressing method |
| CN106914507A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-07-04 | 燕山大学 | A kind of large gear local induction heating extrusion forming method |
| CN106914507B (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2018-12-07 | 燕山大学 | A kind of large gear local induction heating extrusion forming method |
| CN107282670A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-10-24 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of extrusion blooming method of turbine disk high temperature alloy ingot casting |
| CN115591966A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2023-01-13 | 重庆旺德福机械有限公司（Cn） | Large modulus straight gear cold extrusion process |
| CN115591966B (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2023-04-18 | 重庆旺德福机械有限公司 | Cold extrusion process for large modulus straight gear |
| CN116274455A (en) * | 2023-03-17 | 2023-06-23 | 山东普瑞而机械制造有限公司 | Gear ring warm extrusion manufacturing method |
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