CN101332488B - Cold-forging technique of gear shaft - Google Patents
Cold-forging technique of gear shaft Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101332488B CN101332488B CN2008100412839A CN200810041283A CN101332488B CN 101332488 B CN101332488 B CN 101332488B CN 2008100412839 A CN2008100412839 A CN 2008100412839A CN 200810041283 A CN200810041283 A CN 200810041283A CN 101332488 B CN101332488 B CN 101332488B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- die
- gear shaft
- cold
- punch
- guiding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 238000010273 cold forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003292 diminished Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Chemical compound 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OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention relates to a cold forging technology for a gear shaft; the cold forging technology is characterized in that a new technology of the cold forging forming of the inside and outside and split flow forging, a volume split flow space is arranged between the gear shaft diameter and a concave die, the metal flow resistance is reduced and the unit extruding force carried by the die is lowered by split flow; high-strength die steel and split structure are adopted to produce a gear hole forming die; the concave die is produced by adopting three-layer sleeve prestressed structure so as to improve the compression resistance of the die; a punch is made from an alloy steel material and used for the cold forging and precision forming of a complex gear form blind hole, which improves the forming quality and production efficiency of the gear hole, and lowers the consumption of the raw materials markedly. The cold forging technology of the invention has the advantages of achieving the smooth forming of the gear form blind hole, improving the production efficiency greatly, and improving the quality of the gear hole and the qualification rate of the product markedly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cold-forging technique of gear shaft, relate in particular to a kind of sedan steering system gear shaft cold-forging precise forming technique, belong to the cold-forging precise forming technique technical field.
Background technology
Want at present processing gear shaft, as shown in Figure 1, 2, described gear shaft profile is made up of big end B and small end C, and holds B to have rectangle endoporus E and profile of tooth blind hole A greatly, traditional diamond-making technique is that profile and interior square hole pass through cutting or forging and molding, and the profile of tooth blind hole is because the anti-crowded extremely low (ε of deflection
F=d
2/ D
2=0.10～0.12), substantially exceeds the ultimate deformation amount (ε that cold forging allows
F〉=0.2), mould bears extrusion pressure and reaches 400Kg/mm
2, also substantially exceed 250～300Kg/mm
2Mould bear the limit, general forging can't be carried out, the cutting again of can only holing earlier, the shortcoming of boring machining is that profile of tooth undercapacity, uniformity are poor, production efficiency is low and waste material.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of profile of tooth intensity height, high conformity, gear shaft cold-forging technique that production efficiency is high.
For realizing above purpose, technical scheme of the present invention provides a kind of cold-forging technique of gear shaft, and its method is:
The first step uses the garden saw with steel alloy bar blanking according to the length of gear shaft, blank weight error ± 1 gram;
Second step, the blank bar to be annealed in shaft furnace, annealing temperature is 850 ℃-880 ℃, is incubated 6～8 hours, is cooled to come out of the stove below 350 ℃ with stove;
In the 3rd step, employing phospholeum streamline technology routinely carries out phosphatization and saponification processing to moving back the blank bar that overdoes, and forms the surface lubrication layer, and wherein phosphatization temperature is 70 ℃-80 ℃, and the time is 15 minutes-25 minutes; Saponification temperature is 60 ℃-70 ℃, and the time is 5 minutes-15 minutes;
It is characterized in that,
In the 4th step, adopt the high-strength die steel to make forward extrusion mould, indirect-extrusion mould and perforation shaping dies;
In the 5th step, use the 250T punching machine, four guide pillar universal die sets and forward extrusion mould, the small end C of cold-forging forming gear shaft;
The 6th step, use the 250T punching machine, four guide pillar universal die set and indirect-extrusion moulds, the square hole E of cold-forging forming gear shaft diminishes the diameter of the big end B of gear shaft, and the volume that big end B is diminished equals the volume of profile of tooth blind hole A;
The 7th step, use the 600T hydraulic press, four guide pillar universal die sets and perforation shaping dies are put into die with gear shaft, and diameter that the big end B of gear shaft diminishes and die inwall have volume and divide fluid space, press down the big end B that enters gear shaft by drift, shaping profile of tooth blind hole A, simultaneously the diameter of the big end B of gear shaft swells and is full of volume and divides fluid space, reaches the diameter of the big end B regulation of gear shaft, the drift speed of pressing down is 8-10mm/ second, and pressure is 300kg/mm
2
Described perforation shaping dies is made up of cover, prestressing force overcoat in punch, guiding punch case, guiding die, die, the prestressing force, be provided with in the prestressing force between die and the prestressing force overcoat and overlap, the guiding die is located in die, the prestressing force upper end of cover and prestressing force overcoat, the guiding punch case is located in the guiding die, punch is located in the guiding punch case, and die and gear shaft blank are provided with volume and divide fluid space.
The present invention adopts inside and outside cold-forging forming and shunting to forge new technology, the shaping of gear shaft profile of tooth blind hole is provided with volume between employing workpiece and the die and divides fluid space, by shunting, reduce the metal flow resistance, reduce mould and bear extrusion pressure, and select the high-strength die steel for use, divide body structure to make the perforation shaping dies, die adopts the manufacturing of three layers of cover prestressed structure, strengthen the mould anti-pressure ability, drift adopts and divides body structure, can be ε to the cold forging deformation extent
F=0.10～0.12, L/d=1.7～2.5, profile accuracy is that the profile of tooth blind hole of 0.03mm is carried out cold-forging forming, perforation forming quality and production efficiency have not only been improved, and significantly having reduced raw-material consumption, the every technical parameter of formed product all reaches German ZF like product technical standard through identifying.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1. the present invention adopts the following small deformation amount of the limit (ε
F=0.10～0.12) accurate cold forging forming technology has changed the cutting technology of traditional complexity, has realized the bright and clean shaping of profile of tooth blind hole, has not only greatly improved production efficiency, and has saved raw material;
2, adopt the shunting FMT, realized the requirement of profile of tooth blind hole accurate cold forging forming and precision, (≤0.03mm) improve perforation quality and product percent of pass significantly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of gear shaft structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is a kind of gear shaft left view;
Fig. 3 is the cold-forging technique flow chart;
Fig. 4 is a perforation shaping dies structural representation.
The specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 3, be the cold-forging technique flow chart, a kind of cold-forging technique of gear shaft is:
The first step uses the garden saw with steel alloy bar blanking according to the length of gear shaft, blank weight error ± 1 gram;
Second step, the blank bar to be annealed in shaft furnace, annealing temperature is 860 ℃, is incubated 6 hours, is cooled to 300 ℃ with stove and comes out of the stove;
In the 3rd step, employing phospholeum streamline technology routinely carries out phosphatization and saponification processing to moving back the blank bar that overdoes, and forms the surface lubrication layer, and wherein phosphatization temperature is 70 ℃, and the time is 20 minutes; Saponification temperature is 60 ℃, and the time is 10 minutes;
In the 4th step, adopt the high-strength die steel to make forward extrusion mould, indirect-extrusion mould and perforation shaping dies;
The 5th step, use the 250T punching machine, four guide pillar universal die sets and forward extrusion mould, the small end C of cold-forging forming gear shaft 8, so-called forward extrusion is that the drift direction of motion is consistent with the metal flow direction of gear shaft 8;
The 6th step, use the 250T punching machine, four guide pillar universal die set and indirect-extrusion moulds, the square hole E of cold-forging forming gear shaft 8, the diameter of the big end B of gear shaft 8 is diminished, the volume that big end B is diminished equals the volume of profile of tooth blind hole A, and so-called backward extrusion is that the drift direction of motion is opposite with the metal flow direction of gear shaft 8;
The 7th step, use the 600T hydraulic press, four guide pillar universal die sets and perforation shaping dies, gear shaft 8 is put into die 4, diameter that gear shaft 8 big end B diminish and die 4 inwalls have volume and divide fluid space 9, punch 1 loaded onto by the drift of 600T hydraulic press and guiding punch case 2, drift press down the big end B that enters gear shaft 8, shaping profile of tooth blind hole A, simultaneously the diameter of the big end B of gear shaft 8 swells and is full of volume and divides fluid space 9, reach the diameter of the big end B regulation of gear shaft 8, the drift speed of pressing down is 8-10mm/ second, and pressure is 300kg/mm
2
Described forward extrusion mould and indirect-extrusion mould are general mould, and the perforation shaping dies is a key of the present invention, Fig. 4 is a perforation shaping dies structural representation, described perforation shaping dies by overlap 5 in punch 1, guiding punch case 2, guiding die 3, die 4, the prestressing force, prestressing force overcoat 6 forms.
Prestressed overcoat 6 on hydraulic press four guide pillar mould bases, in prestressing force overcoat 6, pack into successively cover 5 and die 4 in the prestressing force, guiding die 3 is installed in die 4, the upper end of cover 5 and prestressing force overcoat 6 in the prestressing force, guiding punch case 2 is located in the guiding die 3, punch 1 is located in the guiding punch case 2, described punch 1 is gear shaft 8 profile of tooth blind hole A shapes, described guiding die 3, die 4, aperture in the prestressing force in the middle of the prestressing force overcoat 6 of cover 5 is the profile of gear shaft 8, described guiding punch case 2 internal diameters and the punch 1 external diameter gap＜0.02mm that is slidingly matched, die 4 are provided with volume with gear shaft 8 blanks and divide fluid space 9.
Below be the contrast that the present invention and former manufacturing process are made:
Former profile of tooth blind hole manufacturing process---machining:
The process flow complexity, process equipment required precision height, perforation intensity is low, and uniformity is poor, and production efficiency can't satisfy requirement in batches.
Cold-forging precise forming technique:
By the cold-forging precise forming mould, the production process flow process is simple, and perforation intensity height, high conformity are suitable for producing in enormous quantities.
Claims (4)
1. the cold-forging technique of a gear shaft, its method is:
The first step uses the garden saw with steel alloy bar blanking according to the length of gear shaft, blank weight error ± 1 gram;
Second step, the blank bar to be annealed in shaft furnace, annealing temperature is 850 ℃-880 ℃, is incubated 6～8 hours, is cooled to come out of the stove below 350 ℃ with stove;
In the 3rd step, employing phospholeum streamline technology routinely carries out phosphatization and saponification processing to moving back the blank bar that overdoes, and forms the surface lubrication layer, and wherein phosphatization temperature is 70 ℃-80 ℃, and the time is 15 minutes-25 minutes; Saponification temperature is 60 ℃-70 ℃, and the time is 5 minutes-15 minutes;
It is characterized in that,
In the 4th step, adopt the high-strength die steel to make forward extrusion mould, indirect-extrusion mould and perforation shaping dies;
In the 5th step, use the 250T punching machine, four guide pillar universal die sets and forward extrusion mould, the small end (C) of cold-forging forming gear shaft (8);
The 6th step, use the 250T punching machine, four guide pillar universal die set and indirect-extrusion moulds, the square hole (E) of cold-forging forming gear shaft (8) diminishes the diameter of the big end (B) of gear shaft (8), and the volume that big end (B) is diminished equals the volume of profile of tooth blind hole (A);
The 7th step, use the 600T hydraulic press, four guide pillar universal die sets and perforation shaping dies, gear shaft (8) is put into die (4), diameter that the big end of gear shaft (8) (B) diminishes and die (4) inwall have volume and divide fluid space (9), the drift of 600T hydraulic press is loaded onto punch (1) and guiding punch case (2), press down the big end (B) that enters gear shaft (8) by drift, shaping profile of tooth blind hole (A), simultaneously the diameter of the big end (B) of gear shaft (8) swells and is full of volume and divides fluid space (9), reach the diameter of big end (B) regulation of gear shaft (8), the drift speed of pressing down is 8-10mm/ second, and pressure is 300kg/mm
2,
Described perforation shaping dies is made up of cover (5), prestressing force overcoat (6) in punch (1), guiding punch case (2), guiding die (3), die (4), the prestressing force, be provided with cover (5) in the prestressing force between die (4) and the prestressing force overcoat (6), guiding die (3) is located at the upper end of overlapping (5) and prestressing force overcoat (6) in die (4), the prestressing force, guiding punch case (2) is located in the guiding die (3), punch (1) is located in the guiding punch case (2), and die (4) is provided with volume with gear shaft (8) blank and divides fluid space (9).
2. the cold-forging technique of a kind of gear shaft according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described punch (1) is gear shaft (8) profile of tooth blind hole (A) shape.
3. the cold-forging technique of a kind of gear shaft according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the aperture in described guiding die (3), die (4), the prestressing force in the middle of the prestressing force overcoat (6) of cover (5) is the profile of gear shaft (8).
4. the cold-forging technique of a kind of gear shaft according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described guiding punch case (2) internal diameter and punch (1) external diameter gap＜0.02mm that is slidingly matched.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100412839A CN101332488B (en) | 2008-08-01 | 2008-08-01 | Cold-forging technique of gear shaft |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100412839A CN101332488B (en) | 2008-08-01 | 2008-08-01 | Cold-forging technique of gear shaft |
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| CN101332488A CN101332488A (en) | 2008-12-31 |
| CN101332488B true CN101332488B (en) | 2010-08-04 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4920756B2 (en) * | 2010-02-04 | 2012-04-18 | マテック株式会社 | Manufacturing method of flange structure |
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-
2008
- 2008-08-01 CN CN2008100412839A patent/CN101332488B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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