CN103052360B - 具有镁芯的固定装置 - Google Patents

具有镁芯的固定装置 Download PDF

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CN103052360B
CN103052360B CN201180038398.2A CN201180038398A CN103052360B CN 103052360 B CN103052360 B CN 103052360B CN 201180038398 A CN201180038398 A CN 201180038398A CN 103052360 B CN103052360 B CN 103052360B
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fixing device
sleeve
core
inner core
bone
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C·瓦萨尔
N·布杜本
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AO Technology AG
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Abstract

一种固定装置,包括:可生物降解的内部芯,该内部芯沿纵向轴线从远侧尖端延伸至近端;以及套筒,该套筒沿芯的长度的一部分环绕该芯,并包括热塑性聚合物,该热塑性聚合物由这样的材料形成,该材料在由能量源激活时软化和膨胀至周围骨组织中。

Description

具有镁芯的固定装置
优先权
本申请要求美国临时专利申请No.61/380884的优先权,该美国临时专利申请No.61/380884的申请日为2010年9月8日,标题为“Fixation Device with MagnesiumCore”,该文献整个被本文参引。
技术领域
本发明通常涉及用于将软组织缝合至骨上和用于骨固定的固定装置。更特别是,本发明涉及一种固定装置,该固定装置包括可生物降解金属或金属合金的芯。本发明的示例实施例涉及一种用于插入固定装置的方法。
背景技术
软组织撕裂、骨折或者关节脱位通常都需要固定装置来进行正确的治疗。不过,在一些情况下,钻孔以便容纳固定装置和/或使得固定装置攻丝至骨中可能使骨受损或裂开。这些受损的骨可能需要通过穿过插入例如修正植入件来进行修补。不过,对于一些较小和/或薄骨,插入修正植入件可能很困难,或者甚至不可能。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种骨锚固件,该骨锚固件具有:纵向轴线;内部芯,该内部芯包括与纵向轴线同轴的尖端;以及套筒,该套筒包围芯,并包括热塑性聚合物,其中,芯包括可生物降解的金属、金属合金和玻璃-金属中的一个。
根据本发明示例实施例的骨锚固件使得植入件能够完全再吸收,从而在身体中并不留下痕迹,且不需要第二处理过程来取出它们,同时减小了植入件移动的危险。根据本发明使用的骨锚固件可以是单皮层,且并不干扰成像。
根据本发明一个示例实施例的骨锚固件包括芯,该芯包括镁或镁合金。在还一示例实施例中,锚固件可以包括放电阳极化处理表面。
根据另一示例实施例的骨锚固件包括芯,该芯包括铁合金。铁合金可以通过在铬酸盐溶液、硼酸盐缓冲剂溶液或硝酸溶液中钝化而形成。铁合金可以是任意合适的铁合金,例如Fe35Mn。
根据还一示例实施例的骨锚固件具有芯,该芯包括不定形玻璃-金属,优选是块金属玻璃。
在骨锚固件的还一示例实施例中,块金属玻璃可以是MgCaZn类型,例如Mg63Zn32Ca5和Mg60Zn35Ca5、Mg32Zn5Ca或Mg35Zn5Ca。这些材料可以在与水接触时通过形成少氢气体而降解,并可以获得更高的机械强度。
根据还一示例实施例的骨锚固件包括芯,该芯包括非块金属玻璃,例如可生物降解的镁合金:Mg6ZnZr、Mg3AlZn、MgAl9Zn、Mg3Al0.4Mn、Mg6Al0.2Zn、MgYRe(Re=稀土金属)、Mg4Zn1.7Ce0.6Zr。典型部件在市场上称为WE43。
在还一示例实施例中,非块金属玻璃可以通过根据ASTM B893的硬阳极化、放电阳极化、等离子体电极氧化、微电弧氧化(MAO)或在100V下阳极化而在其表面处进行处理。
在骨锚固件的另一示例实施例中,热塑性聚合物可生物降解,并可以属于聚交酯或已内酯的族(包括这些族的所有共聚物)。
在骨锚固件的另一示例实施例中,芯可以为空心,这样,可以减少要降解的金属材料。
在骨锚固件的还一示例实施例中,芯的远侧尖端可以超过套筒的远端向远侧延伸。芯的远侧尖端可以有尖头,这样,有尖头的尖端可以破坏皮层和穿透骨。
在骨锚固件的还一示例实施例中,套筒可以包括金属或有机染料颗粒,用于衍射光。
在还一示例实施例中,骨锚固件可以另外包括缝合线,该缝合线附接在骨锚固件上。
在骨锚固件的还一示例实施例中,内部芯可以包括通孔,该通孔横向穿过延伸,以便使得缝合线穿过插入。
在骨锚固件的另一示例实施例中,套筒包括穿过开口,该穿过开口横向穿过延伸,这样,穿过开口与内部芯的通孔对齐并与该通孔连通。
在还一示例实施例中,骨锚固件可以另外包括端帽,该端帽可附接在内部芯的近端上,并包括横向穿过延伸的通孔,以便使得缝合线穿过插入。
在骨锚固件的还一示例实施例中,内部芯包括在其近端处的钩,以便使得缝合线附接在骨锚固件上。
根据本发明的还一方面,本发明涉及一种用于将骨锚固件插入骨内的方法。该方法包括以下步骤:a)通过抵靠骨按压芯的远侧尖端而将骨锚固件插入骨内;以及b)通过穿过套筒施加电磁辐射而加热该套筒,从而使得热塑性聚合物软化和/或熔化,以使得套筒膨胀至周围骨组织中。
附图说明
下面将通过实例参考附图介绍本发明的多个实施例,附图中:
图1表示了穿过根据本发明第一示例实施例的骨锚固件的示意纵剖图(在插入骨中之前);
图2表示了图1的骨锚固件在通过它的尖端插入/嵌入骨中之后;
图3表示了图2的插入骨锚固件通过激光穿过它的套筒进行照射而激活;
图4表示了图3的、软化和局部熔化的套筒材料,它已经穿透到周围的骨结构中;
图5表示了穿过根据本发明的还一示例实施例的骨锚固件的示意纵剖图;
图6表示了穿过根据本发明的另一示例实施例的骨锚固件的示意纵剖图;
图7表示了穿过根据本发明的还一示例实施例的骨锚固件的示意纵剖图;以及
图8表示了穿过根据本发明的还一示例实施例的骨锚固件的示意纵剖图。
具体实施方式
通过下面的说明和附图可以进一步理解本发明,附图中,相同元件表示相同的参考标号。本发明涉及多种骨和软组织损伤的治疗,特别是涉及可以插入和固定在骨内的装置。本发明的示例实施例介绍了固定装置,例如骨锚固件,该固定装置包括套筒,该套筒可以由能量激活以局部膨胀至周围骨组织中,以便将骨锚固件固定于其中。应当知道,这里使用的术语“近侧”和“远侧”是指朝向(近侧)和远离(远侧)外科医生或装置的其它用户的方向。
图1至4表示了骨锚固件1的实施例,该骨锚固件1包括:内部芯3,该内部芯3沿纵向轴线2延伸;以及套筒4,该套筒4环绕芯3延伸。另外,骨锚固件1还包括缝合线6,该缝合线6附接在内部芯3和/或套筒4上。缝合线6可以用于以简单方式使得软组织重新附接骨。芯3从远端5延伸至近端10,并可以由可生物降解的金属或金属合金(例如镁或镁合金)来形成。在优选实施例中,芯3的截面基本为圆形。例如,内部芯3可以是实心柱体,或者也可选择是管,以便减少要降解的金属材料量。远端5可以包括尖锐和/或锥形尖端,这样,骨锚固件1可以插入骨11中,而不必使得骨11预先钻孔。尖锐和/或锥形尖端5可以在抵靠骨11的皮层按压时破坏该骨11的皮层,以使得骨锚固件1可以插入其中。
套筒4包围芯3的周边,并从远端8延伸至近端9。不过,芯3的远端5超过套筒4的远端向远侧延伸,这样,芯3的锥形远侧尖端可以方便骨锚固件1插入骨11中。此外,芯3的近端10还可以经过套筒4的近端9向近侧延伸。因此,套筒4可以环绕芯3延伸,只沿该芯的长度的一部分。而且,套筒4可以基本锥形地从近端9朝着远端8逐渐变小。套筒4可以形成为在内部芯3上的涂层,或者可以以任意已知方式(例如通过压配合)固定在内部芯3上。
套筒4例如可以包括热塑性聚合物,该热塑性聚合物从以下组中选择:聚-α-羟基酯,聚原酸酯,聚酐,聚膦嗪,聚富马酸二羟丙酯,聚酯酰胺,富马酸聚乙醇酯(polyethylenefumarate),聚丙交酯,聚乙交酯,聚己内酯,三亚甲基碳酸酯,聚对二氧环己酮,聚羟基丁酸酯,以及它们的共聚物和混合物。
而且,套筒4可以另外包括优选是从以下组中选择的材料:金属、碳、陶瓷、PEEK、非热塑性聚合物(该非热塑性聚合物优选是从聚异丁烯酸甲酯的组中选择)和/或无机材料(例如磷酸钾,硫酸钙或骨胶接剂)。套筒4还可以包括以下发色团和颜料:叶绿素、炭黑、石墨、荧光素、亚甲基蓝、吲哚菁绿、曙红、曙红Y(514纳米)、已烯基(ethyleosine)(532纳米)、吖啶、吖啶橙、铜酞菁、铬-钴-铝氧化物、柠檬酸亚铁铵、邻苯三酚、苏木提取物、叶绿素-铜复合物、D&C蓝No.9、D&C绿No.5、[酞菁(phtalocyaninate)(2-)]铜、D&C蓝No.2、D&C蓝No.6、D&C绿No.6、D&C紫No.2、D&C黄No.10。在一个示例实施例中,套筒4可以包括荧光发色团(该发色团在某种情况下并不吸收光,而是发射从周围环境吸收的光)、聚合物或者任何附加引入的发色团。
这些附加材料以金属或有机染料颗粒的形式来提供,这些金属或有机染料颗粒分布在整个套筒4中,或者只分布在套筒4的一部分局部容积中。金属或有机染料颗粒可以用于当套筒4通过辐射装置7(例如激光)加热时衍射光,如图3中所示。另外,内部芯3可以用作反射器,该反射器用于在骨锚固件1固定于骨11中时施加给该骨锚固件1的电磁辐射。当套筒4通过穿过套筒4施加电磁辐射而加热时,热塑性聚合物软化和局部熔化,这样,套筒4膨胀至周围骨组织中。在电磁辐射关闭后,套筒4的材料冷却和固化,以使得套筒4固定在骨11的空腔中,如图4中所示。
根据本发明的示例实施例,骨锚固件1可以插入骨11中,以便固定骨折和/或将植入件(例如骨板)固定在骨折的骨11上。骨锚固件1可以通过将锥形远端5压入骨11内而插入骨11中,如图2中所示。一旦骨锚固件1已经根据需要插入骨11中,套筒4就通过能量源7激活。合适的能量源包括辐射装置、激光器、加热源、电磁场、光源、或者超声波装置。其它能量源当然也可以,如本领域技术人员已知的。如图3中所示,能量源是热源,该热源加热套筒4,以使得套筒4局部熔化,从而膨胀至周围骨组织中,如图4中所示。熔化的套筒4在它冷却时固化,从而将骨锚固件1锚固在骨11内。
图5表示了骨锚固件100的另一实施例,该骨锚固件100可以基本类似于骨锚固件1,如上面对于图1至4所述。类似的,骨锚固件100包括内部芯103,该内部芯103由套筒104包围,该套筒104可以热激活。不过,内部芯103包括横向穿过延伸的通孔113。另外,套筒104包括相应的穿过开口114,该穿过开口114与内部芯103的通孔113对齐。通孔113可以沿内部芯103的长度位于芯103的中部部分,同时穿过开口114可以位于靠近套筒104的近端109。缝合线106可以穿过在内部芯103中的通孔113以及在套筒104中的所述相应的穿过开口114,这样,缝合线106附接在内部芯103和套筒104上。
图6表示了骨锚固件200的还一实施例,该骨锚固件200可以基本类似于骨锚固件1,如上所述。类似的,骨锚固件200包括内部芯203和环绕该内部芯203延伸的套筒204。不过,骨锚固件200另外包括端帽215,该端帽215用于设置成与内部芯203的近端210连接。端帽215例如可以包括锥形连接件,该锥形连接件的尺寸和形状设置成插入芯203的近端210并与其连接。端帽215可以包括通孔216,该通孔216横向穿过延伸(例如与骨锚固件200的纵向轴线202基本垂直),从而允许缝合线206穿过,这样,缝合线206可以固定在近端210中。
图7表示了骨锚固件300的另一实施例,该骨锚固件300可以基本类似于骨锚固件1,如上所述,它包括内部芯303,该内部芯303由环绕其周边延伸的套筒304包围。不过,内部芯303还包括横向穿过延伸的通孔313。该通孔313穿过芯303延伸,靠近内部芯303的近端310以及套筒304的近端309。因此,缝合线306可以穿过内部芯303的通孔313,而不穿过套筒304的任何部分。
图8表示了骨锚固件400的还一实施例,该骨锚固件400可以基本类似于骨锚固件1,如上所述,它包括内部芯403和环绕该芯403延伸的套筒404。不过,内部芯403还包括在其近端410处的钩417。该钩417包括环419,该环419的尺寸和形状设置成接收内部芯403的近端410,以便使得钩417附接于其上。环419可以例如通过压配合而附接在内部芯403上。也可选择,钩417可以包括沿环419的内表面419的螺纹418,该螺纹418与内部芯的螺纹部分接合。钩417便于使得缝合线附接在内部芯403上。
本发明已经利用实施例进行了说明,在该实施例中,固定装置是骨锚固件,用于缝合和将软组织重新附接在骨上。本领域技术人员应当知道,当然可以有其它实施例。一个这样的实施例是骨螺钉(未示出)。骨螺钉具有与前述实施例相同的结构,除了骨螺钉没有缝合线特征。骨螺钉还可以包括螺钉头部,以便例如使得螺钉能够用作锚固件来使得骨板在需要固定的骨的选定区域上固定就位。
尽管已经详细介绍了本发明和它的优点,但是应当知道,在不脱离由附加权利要求确定的本发明精神和范围的情况下可以进行多种变化、替换和改变。而且,本申请的范围并不局限于在说明书中所述的处理、机器、制造、物质组分、装置、方法和步骤的特殊实施例。本领域普通技术人员由本发明的说明书很容易知道,根据本发明也可以使用目前已有或以后发展的、执行与这里所述的相应实施例基本相同功能或者获得基本相同结果的处理、机器、制造、物质组分、装置、方法或步骤。
本领域技术人员应当知道,在不脱离附加权利要求的广义范围的情况下能够对本发明进行多种变化和改变。其中的一些在上面介绍,其它由本领域技术人员可知。

Claims (20)

1.一种固定装置,包括:
可生物降解的内部芯,该内部芯沿纵向轴线延伸,使得该内部芯限定沿纵向轴线与近端间隔的锥形远侧尖端,其中该锥形远侧尖端是尖锐的,从而使得尖锐的尖端设置成破坏骨的皮层;以及
套筒,该套筒限定近端和与所述近端相对的远端,使得在装配的结构中,该套筒沿芯的长度的一部分环绕该芯,使得所述生物可降解的内部芯的锥形远侧尖端超过套筒的远端向远侧延伸,该套筒包括热塑性聚合物,该热塑性聚合物由这样的材料形成,该材料在由能量源激活时软化并膨胀至周围骨组织中,其中所述套筒锥形地从所述套筒的近端朝着远端逐渐变小。
2.根据权利要求1所述的固定装置,其中:可生物降解的内部芯是可生物降解的金属内部芯。
3.根据权利要求2所述的固定装置,其中:芯包括镁和镁合金中的一种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的固定装置,其中:芯包括铁合金。
5.根据权利要求2所述的固定装置,其中:芯包括块金属玻璃。
6.根据权利要求5所述的固定装置,其中:块金属玻璃是MgCaZn类型。
7.根据权利要求5所述的固定装置,其中:块金属玻璃是Mg63Zn32Ca5、Mg60Zn35Ca5、Mg32Zn5Ca或Mg35Zn5Ca之一。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的固定装置,其中:芯包括非块金属玻璃。
9.根据权利要求8所述的固定装置,其中:非块金属玻璃是Mg6ZnZr、Mg3AlZn、MgAl9Zn、Mg3Al0.4Mn、Mg6Al0.2Zn、MgYRe(Re=稀土金属)、Mg4Zn1.7Ce0.6Zr中的一种。
10.根据权利要求8所述的固定装置,其中:非块金属玻璃具有通过硬阳极化和微电弧氧化(MAO)中的一种来处理的表面。
11.根据前述任意一项权利要求所述的固定装置,其中:热塑性聚合物是可生物降解的。
12.根据前述任意一项权利要求所述的固定装置,其中:芯为空心的。
13.根据前述任意一项权利要求所述的固定装置,其中:套筒包括金属或有机染料颗粒中的一种,该金属或有机染料颗粒衍射光。
14.根据前述任意一项权利要求所述的固定装置,还包括:缝合线,该缝合线附接在固定装置上。
15.根据前述任意一项权利要求所述的固定装置,其中:内部芯包括通孔,该通孔横向穿过延伸,以便在其中容纳缝合线。
16.根据前述任意一项权利要求所述的固定装置,其中:套筒包括穿过开口,该穿过开口横向穿过套筒延伸,该穿过开口与内部芯的通孔对齐并与该通孔连通。
17.根据权利要求14所述的固定装置,还包括:端帽,该端帽可附接在内部芯的近端上,该端帽包括横向穿过该端帽延伸的通孔,以便在其中容纳缝合线。
18.根据权利要求14所述的固定装置,其中:内部芯包括在其近端处的钩,以便使得缝合线附接在固定装置上。
19.根据前述任意一项权利要求所述的固定装置,其中:固定装置是骨锚固件或骨螺钉中的一种。
20.根据前述任意一项权利要求所述的固定装置,其中:能量源是辐射装置、激光器、热源、电磁场、光源或超声波装置中的一种。
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US9023088B2 (en) 2015-05-05
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CN103052360A (zh) 2013-04-17
US9357996B2 (en) 2016-06-07
WO2012033689A1 (en) 2012-03-15
CA2804636A1 (en) 2012-03-15
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US20120059429A1 (en) 2012-03-08
BR112013001000A2 (pt) 2016-05-24

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