CN103041522A - Building fire situation assessment and personnel evacuating indication method and system - Google Patents
Building fire situation assessment and personnel evacuating indication method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a building fire situation assessment and personnel evacuating indication method and system. The building fire situation assessment and personnel evacuating indication method includes steps: monitoring fire information timely and calculating fire source position information, fire source intensity information and fire development situation information according to the fire information; estimating personnel position information in all areas in a building and personnel density distribution in all the areas; and calculating a best evacuating direction and a best evacuating path according to the fire source position information, the fire source intensity information, the fire development situation information, the personnel position information and the personnel density distribution information in all the areas in the building and the building structure information. By adopting the building fire situation assessment and personnel evacuating indication method and system, a practicable solution is provided for personnel evacuating based on disaster development situation in the building by sufficiently using the modern techniques such as sensing, communication, calculating and decision making, and decision making and evacuating efficiencies are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to structural fire protection monitoring technique field, particularly a kind of building fire Situation Assessment and evacuating personnel indicating means and system.
Background technology
In the middle of current building, especially have in the middle of the heavy construction of labyrinth, the Safety Evacuation system is absolutely necessary, so that when fire occurs, can the guiding crowd evacuate, and reduces casualties.Traditional Safety Evacuation system is comprised of exit signs static state, that point to the extra exit that is installed on the passage, and this fire-fighting evacuation is
There is numerous drawbacks in system, demands urgently improving:
The first, traditional fire-fighting evacuation system is static system, can not change with the state of disaster development, thereby personnel might be guided to the deathtrap.As in the fire development process, some is evacuated on the path and is blocked and can not pass through by fire, only relies on static exit signs then personnel may be guided to this deathtrap.The applying date is 2007-06-19, publication number is the patent of invention " kind of fire alarm control system " of CN101079178A, attempt to utilize the alarm signal of fire alarm system that dispersal plan is adjusted dynamically, and in the middle of this invention, only used the limited information of fire early period of origination fire alarm position, the overall process of fire generation is not effectively monitored, predicted and assesses, its dispersal plan that provides is along with the development of calamity disaster may be no longer applicable.
The second, in traditional Safety Evacuation pump system, can not effectively consider personnel's the impact of jam situation on evacuating, thereby may cause blocking up of regional area, reduce the efficient of evacuating.In the middle of the existing building, fire-fighting system and security protection system is separate system, and fire-fighting system is responsible for the disasters such as fire are monitored, and safety-protection system comprises that video monitoring, gate control system etc. are responsible for personnel are monitored.Owing to lacking the integrated method of personnel positions monitoring system and evacuating system, so that fire-fighting safety system can not consider that density of personnel real-time distribution in the evacuation process etc. on the impact of evacuation, can only tightly depend on the disaster monitoring information that fire-fighting system provides.The applying date is 2005-09-15, and publication number is the patent of invention " system such as intelligent evacuation indication " of CN1783154A; The applying date is 2006-02-1, and publication number is the patent of invention " evacuating system that comprises rescue guide lights " of CN10111977IA; These inventions are attempted to link to each other with fire alarm system by some dynamic exit signs hardware, thereby provide dynamic evacuation direction, and in these systems, do not consider that personnel positions and density of personnel are on the impact of evacuation efficiency.
Three, in traditional Safety Evacuation system, lack the effective ways of the monitoring of effective integration fire sensor and personnel's monitoring system, can not effectively provide in real time the dispersal plan of optimization according to monitoring information.The applying date is 2001-10-15, and publication number is the patent of invention " intelligent fire prompting and command evacuating system for public place " of CN1412723A, attempts to utilize expert system, and the position amount information according to fire alarm provides corresponding dispersal plan.Yet employed expert system depends on relatively static expertise, and its input only is limited incipient fire annunciator message, be not enough to dispersal plan is revised in the fire development process of dynamic change, the dynamic change emergency is successfully managed.
Four, in the middle of the architectural environment of complexity, traditional fire-fighting system lack to the evacuation personnel monolithic architecture structure, fire development situation are provided, the effective means of the information such as evacuation path that should select have larger blind property so that evacuate.
In traditional evacuating system, the evacuation personnel can only be provided the local messages such as evacuation direction that the present position should be taked, and the effective modes of shortage such as the building structure information of the vital integral body of evacuation decision-making, the whole fire development situation information of building interior are transmitted, thereby greatly affect the efficiency of decision-making of evacuating.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is intended to solve at least above-mentioned technological deficiency, has proposed a kind of building fire Situation Assessment based on Real-Time Monitoring and evacuating personnel indicating means and system.
For achieving the above object, one aspect of the present invention proposes a kind of building fire Situation Assessment and evacuating personnel indicating means, may further comprise the steps: the Real-Time Monitoring fire information, and according to described fire information calculating fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information and fire development situation information; Estimate personnel positions information in the interior regional of building, and estimate density of personnel information in the described regional; With according to described fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information and fire development situation information, and density of personnel information and the personnel positions information of regional in the described building, and the building structure information calculations is best evacuates direction and evacuate the path.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method also comprises: show described fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information, fire development situation information, density of personnel information, personnel positions information, best direction and the best path of evacuating of evacuating by information display interface and man-machine interface.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method is by one or more monitoring fire information in sense smoke sensor, temperature sensing sensor and the video system.
In one embodiment of the invention, personal informations in the method is regional by one or more acquisitions in rfid system, gate control system, wireless sensing network system and the video monitoring system, and according to density of personnel information and personnel positions information in the tough interior regional of the zone that obtains interior personal information estimation building.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method also comprises: carry out analysis-by-synthesis to obtain the risk factor of each position in the described building according to described fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information and fire development situation information.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method also comprises: the fire command system that described fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information and fire development situation information is sent to fire department.
The present invention has also proposed a kind of building fire Situation Assessment and personnel evacuation indicating system on the other hand, comprising: a plurality of fire information monitoring equipments, described fire information monitoring equipment Real-Time Monitoring fire information; A plurality of personnel's monitoring equipments, the personnel positions distributed intelligence of regional in described personnel's monitoring equipment monitoring building; And computing unit, described computing unit is communicated by letter with described personnel's monitoring equipment with described fire information monitoring equipment, described computing unit calculates fire location information according to described fire information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information and fire development situation information, and according to density of personnel information and personnel positions information in the regional in the described personnel positions distributed intelligence estimation building, and according to described fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information and fire development situation information, and density of personnel information and the personnel positions information of the interior regional of described building, and best direction and the evacuation path of evacuating of building structure information calculations.
In one embodiment of the invention, this system also comprises display device, and described display device shows described fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information, fire development situation information, density of personnel information, personnel positions information, best direction and the best path of evacuating of evacuating by information display interface Qi's man-machine interface.Wherein, described display device is evacuee, emergency command personnel's handheld device, and perhaps described display device is installed in Central Control Room or each fire escape.
In one embodiment of the invention, described fire information monitoring equipment comprises one or more in sense smoke sensor, temperature sensing sensor and the video system.
In one embodiment of the invention, described personnel's monitoring equipment comprises one or more in rfid system, gate control system, wireless sensing network system and the video monitoring system.
In one embodiment of the invention, described computing unit carries out analysis-by-synthesis to obtain the risk factor of each position in the described building according to described fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information and fire development situation information.
In one embodiment of the invention, this system also comprises communication equipment, the fire command system of described communication equipment and fire department communicates, and in the personnel positions information in described fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information, fire development situation information, the building one or more are sent to described fire command system.
The embodiment of the invention takes full advantage of the technology such as modern sensing, communication, calculating, decision-making, for the evacuating personnel based on the disaster developing state in building provides practicable solution, and the efficient that improves decision-making and evacuate.Native system takes full advantage of fire development situation information, personnel's monitoring information of Real-Time Monitoring, and carries out on this basis comprehensive evacuation decision-making, thereby forms decision scheme effective, in time dynamic change.Simultaneously, the embodiment of the invention also can provide more intuitively man-machine interface, so that the evacuation personnel can obtain more direct fire situation information, obtains effective dispersal plan, thereby reduces the blindness of evacuating, and improves efficient and the security of evacuating in the building.
In addition, native system is not only evacuated building interior has important function, also can expand it, as combining with the fire command system of fire department, can put out a fire for fire department, rescue service.In fire department fire extinguishing, rescue process, the information such as interior of building fire location, fire development situation, vital information, this system can provide corresponding information interface, use for the institute's command system information extraction that disappears, thereby can greatly improve the efficient of fire department fire extinguishing, rescue.
The aspect that the present invention adds and advantage in the following description part provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize by practice of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned and/or the additional aspect of the present invention and advantage are from obviously and easily understanding becoming the description of embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, wherein:
Figure l is the overall diagram based on building fire Situation Assessment and the evacuating personnel indicating means of Real-Time Monitoring of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is that the monitoring equipment of the embodiment of the invention is arranged schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the runnable interface schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is building fire Situation Assessment and the personnel evacuation indicating system structure chart of the embodiment of the invention.
The specific embodiment
The below describes embodiments of the invention in detail, and the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or the element with identical or similar functions from start to finish.Be exemplary below by the embodiment that is described with reference to the drawings, only be used for explaining the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
As scheme shown in the l, the overall diagram based on building fire Situation Assessment and the evacuating personnel indicating means of Real-Time Monitoring for the embodiment of the invention may further comprise the steps:
SIOI, the Real-Time Monitoring fire information, and personnel positions monitored, and obtain building structure information.Its Shen, in one embodiment of the invention, can be by one or more monitoring fire information in sense smoke sensor, temperature sensing sensor and the video system, for example can obtain fire location by the sense smoke sensor, obtain the burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information according to temperature sensing sensor, perhaps the recognition function by video system obtains fire location and burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information, perhaps three's combination.Certainly in other embodiments of the invention, can also select other equipment to monitor, such as radiation or monitoring poisonous gas equipment etc., these all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, can adopt cigarette temperature compound sensor, as shown in Figure 2, for the monitoring equipment of the embodiment of the invention is arranged schematic diagram.In certain zone of building, be provided with a plurality of RFID reader l, a plurality of cigarette temperature compound sensor 2 and a plurality of video monitoring camera, in Central Control Room, be provided with computing unit and display device 4.
When fire occured, cigarette temperature compound sensor can carry out continuous monitoring to Temperature Distribution of diverse location etc., and data communication device is crossed wireless or wired mode was sent to computing unit, such as terminal or handheld terminal etc.
In one embodiment of the invention, can pass through in rfid system, gate control system, wireless sensing network system and the video monitoring system one or more and obtain personal informations in the zone.For example, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mode that adopts RFID and video to combine is estimated personnel positions and personnel's density.Each RFID reader is by reading the signal strength signal intensity of the entrained RFID label of indoor occupant, utilize the decay of signal strength signal intensity, can estimate the distance between RFID label and the RFID reader, then utilize at least three RFID reader distance estimated values, can realize the location on two dimensional surface to indoor occupant.Simultaneously, video system is by the identification to personnel targets, and the coordinate transform relation by fixing realizes the location to the indoor occupant position.Because all there are error in rfid system and video system to the estimation of personnel positions, therefore utilize rfid system and video system that the personnel positions estimated result is merged, can provide the personnel positions estimation that error reduces.
In one embodiment of the invention, building structure information comprises building structure figure, passage, the information such as exit position, and these building structure information are kept among the system.
S102 calculates fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information and fire development situation information according to fire information, and according to density of personnel information in the regional in the personnel positions estimation building of monitoring, and estimate personnel positions information in the regional.Further, according to fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information and fire development situation information, and density of personnel information and the personnel positions information of the interior regional of building, evacuate direction and evacuate the path with the building structure information calculations is best, thereby provide each personnel's best evacuation route, and in each locational optimum direction of evacuating.
In embodiments of the present invention, computing unit is according to variations in temperature data, the smog alarm data of monitoring, judge that fire occurs, the speed of development, and in conjunction with the position of fire development model assessment burning things which may cause a fire disaster, and calculate thus in the situation of fire development and the building degree of danger of each position in the regional.Wherein degree of danger is the nonlinear function that temperature and smog alarm, fire location distribution probability are estimated, is obtained by the Practical Project data fitting as the case may be.
In other embodiments of the invention, also can utilize the threshold value of personnel's injuries such as high temperature, radiation, toxic gas to carry out analysis-by-synthesis, when fire is occured in the building risk factor of each position carry out real-time calculating, thereby improve more, abundanter information, evacuate the decision-maker thereby show, carry out comprehensive decision-making in the middle of perhaps being input to corresponding decision making algorithm.
The present invention sells and executes example and fire-fighting system and safety-protection system can be combined, and the integrated reference scheme that provides of fire-fighting system in the building and safety-protection system is provided, makes it become the more complete security system of function, thereby improves the security performance of whole building.
The embodiment of the invention utilizes each position fire monitoring and risk factor to estimate, the fire hazard degree that can obtain each position distributes, and utilize the monitoring information of each personnel positions, can estimate indoor each location personnel densitometer degree of crowding, thereby make good use of each position fire hazard degree, personnel's degree of crowding can be weighted each position, in conjunction with the position of each outlet in the building, can calculate the shortest evacuation path after the weighting, and the evacuation direction of each position.
S103 shows described fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information, fire development situation information, density of personnel information, personnel positions information, best direction and the best path of evacuating of evacuating by information display interface and man-machine interface.As shown in Figure 3, be the runnable interface schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention.Wherein, 110 are fire monitoring information (be temperature information at this), 120 is personnel positions Real-Time Monitoring information, 130 are the distribution of fire location estimated probability, 140 are the distribution of heat release rate estimated probability, 150 is fire hazard degree estimation legend, and 160 is the optimum evacuation direction of each position, and 170 is the best evacuation route schematic diagram of recommending for each evacuation personnel.Can improve the efficient of decision-making by the embodiment of the invention.The situation information that the embodiment of the invention can provide fire development with form intuitively to be helping people to make a strategic decision fast, and not only is confined to control simple exit signs, evacuates the equipment such as broadcasting, thereby improves the efficient of evacuation.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the personnel positions information in fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information, fire development situation information, the building one or more can also be sent to the fire command system of fire department, thereby in fire department fire fighting and rescue process, help to understand the information such as interior of building fire location, fire development situation.The present invention can provide corresponding information interface for the fire command system information extraction, thereby can greatly improve the efficient of fire department fire extinguishing, rescue.
As shown in Figure 4, be building fire Situation Assessment and the personnel evacuation indicating system structure chart of the embodiment of the invention.This system comprises a plurality of fire information monitoring equipments 200, a plurality of personnel's monitoring equipment 300 and computing unit 400.Wherein, fire information monitoring equipment 200 Real-Time Monitoring fire information, fire information monitoring equipment 200 can comprise one or more in sense smoke sensor, temperature sensing sensor and the video system.The personnel positions distributed intelligence of regional in personnel's monitoring equipment 300 monitoring buildings.In one embodiment of the invention, personnel's monitoring equipment 300 can comprise a kind of or township's kind in rfid system, gate control system, wireless sensing network system and the video monitoring system.Computing unit 400 is communicated by letter with personnel's monitoring equipment 300 with fire information monitoring equipment 200, for example can adopt wired or wireless mode to communicate, perhaps both combinations, be that a part of fire information monitoring equipment 200 and/or personnel's monitoring equipment 300 communicate by wired mode and computing unit 400, and another part communicates by wireless mode and computing unit 400, and concrete communication mode need to be selected according to the concrete condition in the building.Computing unit 400 calculates fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information and fire development situation information according to fire information, and according to density of personnel information and personnel positions information in the regional in the personal information estimation building, and according to fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information and fire development situation information, and density of personnel information and the personnel positions information of the interior regional of building, and best direction and the evacuation path of evacuating of building structure information calculations.
In one embodiment of the invention, this system also comprises display device 500, and display device 500 shows described fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information, fire development situation information, density of personnel information, personnel positions information, best direction and the best path of evacuating of evacuating by information display interface and man-machine interface.Wherein, display device 500 is a plurality of, can be hand and establishes
For also can be permanent plant, perhaps display device 500 can be installed in Central Control Room or each fire escape.
In one embodiment of the invention, computing unit 400 carries out analysis-by-synthesis to obtain the risk factor of each position in the building according to fire location information, the robust and sturdy breath of burning things which may cause a fire disaster intensity and fire development situation information.
In one embodiment of the invention, this system also comprises communication equipment 600, communication equipment 600 communicates with the fire command system of fire department, and in the personnel positions information in fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information, fire development situation information, the building one or more are sent to fire command system.
The embodiment of the invention takes full advantage of the technology such as modern sensing, communication, calculating, decision-making, for the evacuating personnel based on the disaster developing state in building provides practicable solution, and the efficient that improves decision-making and evacuate.Native system takes full advantage of fire development situation information, personnel's monitoring information of Real-Time Monitoring, and carries out on this basis comprehensive evacuation decision-making, thereby forms decision scheme effective, in time dynamic change.Simultaneously, the embodiment of the invention also can provide more intuitively man-machine interface, so that the evacuation personnel can obtain more direct fire situation information, obtains effective dispersal plan, thereby reduces the blindness of evacuating, and improves efficient and the security of evacuating in the building.
In addition, native system is not only evacuated building interior has important function, also can expand it, as combining with the fire command system of fire department, can put out a fire for fire department, rescue service.In the fire department fire extinguishing, rescuing, the information such as interior of building fire location, fire development situation are vital information, and this system can provide corresponding information interface, use for the fire command system information extraction, thereby can greatly improve the efficient of fire department fire extinguishing, rescue.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, for the ordinary skill in the art, be appreciated that without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention and can carry out multiple variation, modification, replacement and modification to these embodiment, scope of the present invention is by claims and be equal to and limit.
Claims (10)
1. a building fire Situation Assessment and evacuating personnel indicating means is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: the Real-Time Monitoring fire information, and calculate fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information and fire development situation information according to described fire information;
Estimate personnel positions information in the interior regional of building, and estimate personnel's confidential information in the described regional; With according to described fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information and fire development situation information, and density of personnel information and the personnel positions information of regional in the described building, and the building structure information calculations is best evacuates direction and evacuate the path.
2. such as the described building fire Situation Assessment of claim l and evacuating personnel indicating means, it is characterized in that, also comprise:
Show described fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information, calamity developing state information, density of personnel information, personnel positions information, best direction and the best path of evacuating of evacuating by information display interface and man-machine interface.
3. such as claim l or 2 described building fire Situation Assessment and evacuating personnel indicating means, it is levied and is, by one or more monitoring fire information in sense smoke sensor, temperature sensing sensor and the video system.
4. such as claim l or 2 described building fire Situation Assessment and evacuating personnel indicating means, it is levied and is, personal informations in regional by one or more acquisitions in rfid system, gate control system, wireless sensing network system and the video monitoring system, and according to density of personnel information and personnel positions information in the regional in the interior personal information estimation in the zone that the obtains building.
5. go through building fire Situation Assessment and the evacuating personnel indicating means of stating such as claim l, it is characterized in that, also comprise: carry out total score to obtain the risk factor of each position in the described building according to described fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information and fire development situation information.
6. building fire Situation Assessment as claimed in claim 5 and evacuating personnel indicating means is characterized in that, also comprise:
In people's positional information in described fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information and fire development situation information, the building one or more are sent to the fire command system of fire department.
7. a building fire Situation Assessment and personnel evacuation indicating system is characterized in that, comprising:
A plurality of fire information monitoring equipments, described fire information monitoring equipment Real-Time Monitoring fire information; A plurality of personnel's monitoring equipments, the personnel positions distributed intelligence of regional in described personnel's monitoring equipment monitoring building; And computing unit, described computing unit is communicated by letter with described personnel's monitoring equipment with described fire information monitoring equipment, described computing unit calculates fire location information according to described fire information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information and fire development situation information, and according to density of personnel information and personnel positions information in the regional in the described personnel positions distributed intelligence estimation building, and according to described fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information and fire development situation information, and density of personnel information and the personnel positions information of the interior regional of described building, and best direction and the evacuation path of evacuating of building structure information calculations.
8. building fire Situation Assessment as claimed in claim 7 and personnel evacuation indicating system, it is characterized in that. also comprise display device, described display device shows described fire location information, burning things which may cause a fire disaster strength information, fire development situation information, density of personnel information, personnel positions information, best direction and the best path of evacuating of evacuating by information display interface and man-machine interface.
9. building fire Situation Assessment as claimed in claim 8 and personnel evacuation indicating system, it is characterized in that, described display device is evacuee, emergency command personnel's handheld device, and perhaps described display device is installed in Central Control Room or each fire escape.
10. such as claim 7-9 each described building fire Situation Assessment and personnel evacuation indicating system, it is characterized in that, described personnel's monitoring equipment comprises one or more in rfid system, gate control system, wireless sensing network system and the video monitoring system.
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| CN111369071A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-07-03 | 蒋慧灵 | Intelligent evacuation system and method based on evacuation time prediction and fire detection model |
| CN111369071B (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2023-12-12 | 北京科技大学 | Intelligent dredging system and method based on evacuation time prediction and fire detection model |
| CN111882801A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-11-03 | 杭州后博科技有限公司 | Regional fire position identification method and system |
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Application publication date: 20130417 |