CN103038996B - 在功率和频率上可缩放的逆变器 - Google Patents

在功率和频率上可缩放的逆变器 Download PDF

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CN103038996B
CN103038996B CN201180039304.3A CN201180039304A CN103038996B CN 103038996 B CN103038996 B CN 103038996B CN 201180039304 A CN201180039304 A CN 201180039304A CN 103038996 B CN103038996 B CN 103038996B
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CN103038996A (zh
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S.诺瓦克
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/49Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/493Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0043Converters switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0083Converters characterised by their input or output configuration
    • H02M1/0085Partially controlled bridges

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于提供频率上可缩放的逆变器输出信号的逆变器,该逆变器输出信号尤其具有高输出功率。逆变器包括用于根据预给定的值对逆变器输出信号的频率进行控制的控制装置(12)。控制装置(12)根据本发明被构建为:为了生成具有针对逆变器输出信号预给定的频率值的信号而引发信号的时间偏移并且引发将该信号叠加成具有针对逆变器输出信号预给定的频率值的信号。由此提供了针对高电压或高功率的低开销逆变器方案。

Description

在功率和频率上可缩放的逆变器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于提供在功率和频率上可缩放的逆变器输出信号的逆变器。
背景技术
提供具有限定的频率或功率的电流或电压信号在许多技术应用中是重要的。典型地使用逆变器的电路的例子是感应加热装置和感应炉。在市面上可以获得用于感应加热设备的逆变器或者反向变换器并且提供有各种变型的形式。例如,德国GH-Induktion公司提供基于IGBT和MOSFET的逆变器。在一定范围内可缩放的频率逆变器也有销售。(例如由EMA Indutec GmbH公司销售的设备)。该设备在高电压情况下的制造费用越来越高。成本、开关损耗和体积是目前努力改善的方面。例如在出版物DE 39 10 118 A1、DE 103 61 458 A1、DE 10 20040 21 217 A1和DE 10 2006 032 640 A1中描述了对逆变器的技术改进。
存在对频率上可缩放的逆变器的需求,该逆变器是低开销的并且可以用于高电流和高电压。
发明内容
该技术问题通过独立权利要求中限定的并且通过从属权利要求进一步形成的逆变器得以解决。
根据本发明的逆变器提供了频率上可缩放的输出信号(例如交变电流或交变电压)。为了产生这种输出信号,将信号叠加成具有针对逆变器输出信号预给定的频率值的信号。在此涉及例如相同的信号(例如脉冲频率或振荡信号)。这些信号借助中央控制装置在时间上偏移(例如借助相位偏移),使得在叠加时形成具有所期望的或所设定的频率的输出信号。该控制装置可以为此被构建为引发生成具有可调节的频率的叠加的信号。具有针对逆变器输出信号预给定的频率值的信号要么已是逆变器输出信号要么被用于生成逆变器输出信号(输出信号的生成例如借助对利用叠加产生的信号的合适变换)。
根据本发明的逆变器因此也允许低开销地产生具有高频率的输出信号。
根据本发明主题的一个改进方案,该逆变器包括多个逆变器单元。逆变器于是被构建为将逆变器单元的信号链接(例如叠加或组合)以生成逆变器输出信号。优选地,逆变器单元分别形成为利用变压器(隔离变压器)来保护电子装置,使得实现电流隔离或去耦,以便改进对电磁干扰的安全性。
此外,逆变器包括中央冷却装置,借助冷却装置对各个逆变器单元进行冷却。
逆变器单元例如可以按并联电路或串联电路或级联方式来布置。
低开销地构建根据本发明的逆变器。该逆变器由各个逆变器元件组成,所述逆变器元件针对较低频率或功率来设计。具有较低要求的各元件构成的结构能够实现提供一种逆变器,其避免了具有相应高要求的传统逆变器的开销和负荷。该逆变器能够实现在宽频域中进行缩放。这通过如下方式而变得清楚:理论上最低的频率通过逆变器元件的下频率边界给定,与之相对,最高频率通过逆变器元件的最高频率与逆变器元件的输出信号的最大数目相乘。在此,各逆变器单元优选也可以在频率方面进行缩放。
在逆变器单元的第一实施形式或布置的过程中,逆变器被构建为将逆变器单元的输出信号叠加为逆变器输出信号。控制装置于是为此被构建为通过输出信号的时间偏移来引发将输出信号叠加成具有预给定的频率值的逆变器输出信号。逆变器输出信号于是通常具有比逆变器单元的输出信号更高的频率。该实施形式可以具有用于将逆变器单元的输出信号叠加的(可能为附加的)隔离变压器。此外可以设置针对逆变器单元的输出信号的频率调节。
在逆变器单元的第二实施形式或布置的范围中,逆变器根据逆变器单元的级联来构建。控制装置于是为此被构建为在逆变器单元中的至少一个逆变器单元内通过时间偏移以及随后的信号叠加来产生逆变器单元的具有预给定的频率值的输出信号。
根据本申请的主题的一个改进方案,控制装置为此被构建为通过确定或激活(例如用于逆变器的输出信号的多个)逆变器单元来实现对逆变器的输出功率或输出频率的控制。在逆变器单元的上面所表述的第一实施形式或布置中,通过逆变器单元的数目来确定叠加的信号的数目(例如接入或断开为生成逆变器输出信号所使用的逆变器单元)(每个逆变器单元一个信号)。输出频率在要叠加的信号的给定的信号频率的情况下直接与多少信号以何种时间偏移来叠加有关。也就是说,通过所使用逆变器单元的数目可以影响输出频率。此外,可以设置对逆变器单元的信号频率的控制装置,使得在此给出另一控制参数。
在逆变器单元的第二实施形式或布置的范围中,可以设置的是,逆变器单元在两个状态(激活或去活)之间切换,其中在第一状态中实现信号变换,而在第二状态中逆变器单元对输出信号没有影响。
附图说明
以下在一实施例中更为详细地示出了发明主题。其中:
图1示出了根据本发明的逆变器,
图2示出了根据本发明的信号或脉冲叠加,
图3示出了根据本发明的带有进入输出变压器的仅仅一个初级绕组中的馈入装置的逆变器的变型方案,
图4示出了根据本发明的带有串联连接的逆变器元件的逆变器。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的逆变器。该逆变器利用逆变器元件或电力柜1至5。另一电力柜n以虚线绘出。这表明:可以扩展到更高数目的电力柜。尤其是,已安装的整个系统在需要时可以通过安装附加的电力柜的方式比较简单地扩展或者高度可缩放。
借助电力柜1示意性地示出了这种元件的结构。电力柜1具有三个输入线路L1、L2和L3。在此情况下涉及三相电源的三相电流输入端。三个输入线路在大约440V或超过其的电压U(中压)上。输入线路引向部件11,该部件包含电网滤波器和接通控制装置。部件11包括用于连续开动的开关元件(例如电容器)和整流器。
部件11与设置在开关柜1中的开关元件尤其是变压器13的控制装置12连接。借助针对250kVA设计的变压器13实现了与电源电压电流隔离(隔离变压器)。该变压器是250kVA 50/60 Hz的变压器,其具有5个带有5×3的绕组的次级三相系统或柱体131、132、133、134和135。
此外,电力柜1具有电流/电压转换器14和输出滤波器15。借助输出滤波器15可以限制电压提升速度,以便保护输出线缆(LC线缆)。这种线缆保护的要求与线缆的出现的负载和功率特性有关。最后,柜体内部空调装置16设置在电力柜1中。
设置有五个相应的电力柜。这些电力柜通过中央控制装置20来控制。各电力柜(电力柜1的元件16)的空调装置借助中央水/空气冷却装置21来供给。五个电力柜现在由控制装置20时间偏移地进行激励,使得输出信号在时间上相继。这参照图2来示出。上部曲线K1至K5对应于电力柜1至5的输出信号,在此涉及借助LC振荡回路产生的正弦振荡脉冲。各振荡分别彼此偏移了10μs并且(如在曲线K1中所表示的)具有50μs的周期或者20 kHz的频率。这些振荡于是借助另一变压器来组合成总信号G,总信号G在图2中在下部示出并且该总信号G的频率是各电力柜的输出信号的频率的五倍(100kHz)。
具体而言,可以给出如下功率数据:每个逆变器元件1至5在20kHz的重复率的情况下采用100kHz的振荡器。逆变器元件的输出电压于是在使用250kVK的变压器的情况下为大约2kV。于是也有200kW和(最大)20kHz的功率单元或转换器单元。总系统包括例如5个最大频率为100kHz的、1MV的功率单元。最大功率和频率于是通过更多的或更少的功率单元来进行缩放,例如其中仅采用五个电力柜中的一部分来形成总输出信号。通过变压器实现了与电源的电流隔离,以便在此满足安全方面的要求。所需的大于400V的输入电压可以简单地实现,功率单元的输出电压达到2kV。
总单元于是由五个相同的具有200kW和20kHz的输出电流的功率单元构成,这些功率单元并联连接到输出变压器40上,该输出变压器40具有5个初级绕组401、402、403、404和405(为了看到该系统的可缩放性,附加地表示了初级绕组40n)。在此例如涉及具有铁氧体磁芯的高频变压器。
图1中所表示的输出变压器40的五倍或n倍的初级绕组并不一定是必需的,硬并联连接在一绕组上同样是可能的。这在图3中示出,在该图3中逆变器元件1至5的信号馈送至初级绕组401中。
通过添加或移除功率单元可以将电流的输出频率按照直至20kHz的数量分级地提高或者减小。可能的输出信号同样以直至200kW的数量进行缩放。每个功率单元在输出电压中产生了直至2kW,这减小了所需的电流并且由此减小了线路横截面以及布线开销。设置输出传输器50,所有功率单元基本上对该输出传输器50进行馈送。上级控制装置20将功率单元同步并且为功率单元供给设定值。同样设置有液体冷却装置21。
借助开关电路50可以使用应用的输出信号,例如用于从油砂获取油时感应加热的应用的输出信号。转换器可以调谐到为此所需的谐振频率上。
本发明主题的另一扩展方案在图4中示出。为此,逆变器单元1、2、3、4和5串联连接。在此也可以确定:使用了多少逆变器单元。不需要的逆变器单元可以被切换为贯穿(Durchzug)或连接通过(durchschalten)并且因此对输出信号没有影响。该解决方案提供了附加的故障保护,因为对于大多数干扰情况而言,一个受到干扰的逆变器单元的表现如同切换为贯穿的单元。
因此,可以低开销地实现产生高功率等级的中频电流。为此仅需要200kW且最大频率为20kHz的较低功率单元。最大功率频率的可放缩性通过更多的或更少的功率单元来实现。出于此原因,该总系统与传统解决方案相比具有更低的开销和更低的成本。
在一个实施例的范围中示出了本发明,该实施例是描述性的而并非是限制性的。对于本领域技术人员而言,其他变型方案直接清楚,这些变形方案基于相同的原理并且应包含在保护范围中。例如,可以使用逆变器的其他扩展方案,也可以不同于借助变压器毫无问题地实现各输出信号的叠加。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于提供频率上可缩放的逆变器输出信号的逆变器,所述逆变器
- 具有多个逆变器单元(1,2,3,4,5,n),其分别具有开关元件和控制所述开关元件的控制装置(12),并被用来生成信号,
- 具有根据预给定的值的针对逆变器输出信号频率的中央控制装置(20),其中所述中央控制装置(20)为此被构建为:为了生成具有针对逆变器输出信号预给定的频率值的逆变器输出信号而引发由逆变器单元(1,2,3,4,5,n)生成的信号的时间偏移,并且引发将该信号叠加成具有针对逆变器输出信号预给定的频率值的逆变器输出信号,
其中,
- 逆变器根据多个逆变器单元(1,2,3,4,5,n)的级联来构建,以及
- 控制装置(12)为此被构建为在逆变器单元中的至少一个逆变器单元内通过时间偏移和随后的信号叠加来产生逆变器单元的具有预给定的频率值的输出信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的逆变器,其特征在于,所述中央控制装置(20)为此被构建为引发生成具有可调节的频率的叠加的信号。
3.根据权利要求1所述的逆变器,其特征在于,这些逆变器单元(1,2,3,4,5,n)各自包括变压器(13)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的逆变器,其特征在于,逆变器具有用于叠加逆变器单元(1,2,3,4,5,n)的输出信号的变压器(40)。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的逆变器,其特征在于,中央控制装置(20)为此被构建为通过确定用于逆变器的输出信号的逆变器单元(1,2,3,4,5,n)的数目来实现对逆变器的输出频率和/或输出功率的控制。
6.根据权利要求5所述的逆变器,其特征在于,中央控制装置被构建为用于通过接入和断开用于生成逆变器输出信号的逆变器单元来确定所使用的输出信号的数目。
7.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的逆变器,其特征在于,逆变器包括中央冷却装置(21),借助冷却装置(21)对各个逆变器单元进行冷却。
8.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的逆变器,其特征在于,该逆变器输出信号具有高输出功率。
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