CN103038408A - 用于生产基于天然纤维的部件的柔性预成型件 - Google Patents

用于生产基于天然纤维的部件的柔性预成型件 Download PDF

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CN103038408A
CN103038408A CN2011800335866A CN201180033586A CN103038408A CN 103038408 A CN103038408 A CN 103038408A CN 2011800335866 A CN2011800335866 A CN 2011800335866A CN 201180033586 A CN201180033586 A CN 201180033586A CN 103038408 A CN103038408 A CN 103038408A
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fabric
kernel
preformed member
natural fabric
parts
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CN103038408B (zh
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M·德佩斯特勒
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HOLDING DEPESTELE STE
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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    • B29B11/16—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition comprising fillers or reinforcement
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    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的主题是用于通过加热和成型生产基于天然纤维的部件的柔性预成型件，该预成型件的特征在于，其包含天然纤维的无纺物制成的内核，所述内核的至少一个表面结合到天然纤维的织物上。

Description

用于生产基于天然纤维的部件的柔性预成型件
技术领域
本发明涉及用于生产基于天然纤维、并且更具体地为植物纤维、优选为亚麻纤维的刚性部件或组件的领域。
背景技术
使用天然的、植物纤维和亚麻纤维生产如汽车板或装饰部件的材料是已知的。
国际专利申请WO03091006描述了一种复合材料，其包含由天然纤维如亚麻，和热塑性树脂得到的纤维材料。所描述的方法可通过使用喷丝头来生产。该方法包括以下步骤：从蒴果中分离梗、使梗沿产品的生产线排列、将梗中含有的纤维和木质分离，和用作为基质的树脂浸渍纤维，用于堆压成柔性纱或带状物形式。
法国专利FR2781492描述了含有植物源的纤维和聚丙烯基质的复合热塑性材料。
国际专利申请WO00/005294描述了含有热塑性材料和长度小于或等于0.2毫米的大麻纤维的混合物的复合热塑性材料。
英国专利GB2418643描述了包含与聚集的微纤维层结合的纤维的热成形材料厚层的材料。
中国专利CN101491947描述了制造复合材料的方法，特别是用于生产增强的大麻纤维织物以形成用于汽车行业的复合材料板的方法。该材料包括大麻纤维、以及形成硬化剂的环氧树脂和聚酰胺的混合物、以及稀释剂。
英国专利GB2460215描述了包含与聚集的微纤维层结合的纤维的热成形材料厚层的材料。
专利EP0671259描述了层压多层材料，以生产用于汽车的内部涂层，其包含支持体和装饰外层。该支持体包含基于天然纤维的形成核的层，和层压的涂层。
现有技术中的缺点
现有技术中提出的各种方案呈现出有关工业实施的第一个缺点。
所有的方案涉及在同一地点的天然纤维转化生产和生产最终产品的加工步骤，并涉及与转化天然纤维所需的那些非常不同的设备和工业技术。
天然纤维转化步骤优选在纤维种植和收获的位置附近实施，以避免运输大量的并对恶劣天气敏感的植物材料。
工业产品的制备步骤在特定于预期应用的车间和生产单位更有利地实现。
此外，现有技术的方法没有优化部件的机械特性，特别是根据预期用途调整电阻、声和热绝缘性以及表面状态质量。
本发明的解决方案
本发明的目的在于通过首先提供预成型体构成的、用于在现场和不同的时间制备工业零件或组件的半成品材料来克服这些缺点，该半成品材料的性质根据特定的应用被调整。
为此目的，根据其最普遍的意义，本发明涉及用于通过加热和成型生产基于天然纤维的部件的柔性预成型件，其特征在于，该预成型件包含天然纤维的无纺物制成的内核，其至少一个表面被结合到天然纤维制成的织物上。
此预成型件可以以传递到最终部件生产的场所的卷或网的形式制备。
有利地，该织物由无捻的天然交织纤维的网构成。在现有技术中，习惯于捻纤维以形成纱，然后再组装。捻、即使是适度的捻，会削弱纤维和降低线的性能。为了防止这种纤维机械品质的损失，本发明包括使用对齐的纤维的带状物，不用捻。
在第一变形方案中，根据本发明的预成型件包含仅在单个表面上结合到所述天然纤维织物的内核。
然后此预成型件使呈现出光滑的和刚性的表面和可能蓬松的表面的部件能够得以制备。
根据第二变形方案，该预成型体包含至少一个内核，其两个表面被接合到所述天然纤维织物上。
该变形方案使部件或面板—其两个外表面由刚性的和光滑的表皮形成-能够得以制备，具有或多或少的压实的内核使声和热绝缘性、以及等效厚度能够被调整。
根据优选的实施方式，该天然纤维是亚麻纤维。
根据变形方案，该天然纤维是大麻、剑麻、荨麻或洋麻植物纤维。
根据实施方式的特殊变形方案，织物包含热塑性材料。
优选地，所述热塑性材料是与所述天然纤维混合的聚乳酸、聚丙烯或聚酰胺纤维。
根据实施方式的另一种形式，所述热塑性材料是分布于所述天然纤维中的聚乳酸、聚丙烯、或聚酰胺粉末。
根据另一实施方式，由无纺物制成的内核和织物通过针缝结合。
根据另一实施方式，由无纺物制备的内核和织物通过热加工粘合接合。
有利地是，内核厚度为4毫米至10厘米。
根据非限制性的优先实施方式，该内核不包含硬化纤维的树脂。
本发明还涉及生产基于天然纤维的部件的方法，其特征在于，包含天然纤维的无纺物制备的内核的预成型件被加热和压实，所述内核的至少一个表面被结合到天然纤维制成的织物上。
根据第一变形方案，该加热和压实通过模具进行。
根据第二变形方案，该加热和压实通过膜和减压装置进行。
根据第三变形方案，该加热和压实通过砑光机进行。
优选地，压力大于1巴(bar)并且温度为160℃至270℃。
根据优选的变形方案，根据本发明的方法不包括胶质提取步骤。
本发明还涉及到基于天然纤维的部件，其通过加热和压实包含天然纤维的无纺物制备的内核的预成型件来制备，所述内核的至少一个表面被结合到天然纤维制成的织物上。
有利地，所述部件用于包装应用，其由包含内核的预成型件生产，所述内核的单个表面被织物覆盖。
优选地，该部件用于结构元件的应用、尤其用于汽车或建筑物，其由包含内核的预成型件生产，所述内核的两个主表面被织物覆盖。
实施方式的非限制性实施例详述
阅读下面的有关实施方式的非限制性实施例并参考所附附图，本发明将被更好地理解，其中：
-图1表示根据本发明的预成型件的剖视图。
根据所述的实施例，预成型件包含在两个亚麻纤维的织物网(2，3)之间的亚麻纤维的无纺物网(1)。
无纺物网(1)由未切割的亚麻纤维的毛毯状物构成，长度为大约1米。根据预期的目的，此网可以由仅仅亚麻纤维、或是结合了亚麻纤维和聚丙烯纤维的混合物、或是基于玉米或甜菜的聚乳酸(PLA)纤维构成。
该带状织物呈现为几个厘米的厚度，例如为1至10厘米。
两个织物的网(2，3)由未切割的亚麻纤维的带状物的交织物构成，该带状物彼此之间平行排列，宽度为几毫米。该网也可以结合其他纤维，如聚丙烯纤维，又或者基于聚乳酸(PLA)的纤维。没有对纤维进行加捻，以保护长纤维的机械品质。
无纺物的网(1)和织物的网(2，3)之间的结合通过针缝进行。
该预成型件可以以卷的形式被存储和发送。
该预成型件被用于生产任何形式的板或部件。形成小半径的曲率是可能的。然后亚麻纤维互相滑动，且彼此之间平行。
然后将组件用水的水性溶液或水蒸汽润湿，以溶解亚麻纤维周围的胶质。加热促进了溶解，然后使水蒸发，其导致了胶质的重新配置，以结合由织物(2，3)和无纺物(1)网构成的纤维。该组件以1至15巴的压力加压，其产生了该组件的压实。
因此，由根据本发明的预成型件制备的板或部件组成了固体部件，使得能够进行对用于汽车、铁路或航海工具、包装、货架或建筑或室内装饰材料的修剪。
当对部件进行开槽(grooving)时，该模具可能会呈现出凸条，从而不添加附件而制成了接点(hinges)。该目的是通过使非聚合的带状物留在中间以制备接点来形成织物。

Claims (21)

1.用于通过加热和成型生产基于天然纤维的部件的柔性预成型件，所述预成型件的特征在于，该预成型件包含天然纤维的无纺物制成的内核，所述内核的至少一个表面被结合到天然纤维的织物上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的预成型体，其特征在于，所述织物由无捻的天然交织纤维的网构成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的预成型体，其特征在于，所述预成型件包含仅在单个表面上结合到所述天然纤维织物的内核。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的预成型体，其特征在于，所述预成型件包含内核，所述内核的两个表面被接合到所述天然纤维的织物上。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的预成型件，其特征在于，所述天然纤维是亚麻纤维。
6.根据前述权利要求1至4中任一项所述的预成型件，其特征在于，所述天然纤维是大麻、剑麻、荨麻或洋麻植物纤维。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的预成型件，其特征在于，所述织物包括热塑性材料。
8.根据前述权利要求所述的预成型件，其特征在于，所述热塑性材料是与所述天然纤维混合的聚乳酸、聚丙烯或聚酰胺纤维。
9.根据权利要求7所述的预成型件，其特征在于，所述热塑性材料是分布在所述天然纤维中的聚乳酸、聚丙烯或聚酰胺粉末。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的预成型件，其特征在于，由无纺物制备的所述内核和织物通过针缝结合。
11.根据前述权利要求1至8中任一项所述的预成型件，其特征在于，由无纺物制成的所述内核和织物通过热加工粘合接合。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的预成型件，其特征在于，所述内核的厚度为4毫米至10厘米。
13.生产基于天然纤维的部件的方法，其特征在于，包含天然纤维的无纺物制成的内核的预成型件被加热和压实，所述内核的至少一个表面被结合到天然纤维织物上。
14.根据前述权利要求的生产基于天然纤维的部件的方法，其特征在于，所述加热和压实通过模具进行。
15.根据权利要求13的生产基于天然纤维的部件的方法，其特征在于，所述加热和压实通过膜和减压装置进行。
16.根据权利要求13的生产基于天然纤维的部件的方法，其特征在于，所述加热和压实通过砑光机进行。
17.根据权利要求13至16的任一项的生产基于天然纤维的部件的方法，其特征在于，所述压力大于1巴并且温度为160℃至270℃。
18.根据权利要求13至17的任一项的生产基于天然纤维的部件的方法，其特征在于，所述方法不包括胶质提取步骤。
19.基于天然纤维的部件，所述部件通过加热和压实包含天然纤维的无纺物制成的内核的预成型件来制备，所述内核的至少一个表面被结合到天然纤维织物上。
20.根据前述权利要求的部件用于包装应用，其中所述部件由包含内核的预成型件生产，所述内核的单个表面被织物覆盖。
21.根据权利要求19的部件用于结构元件的应用、尤其用于汽车或建筑物，其中所述部件由包含内核的预成型件生产，所述内核的两个主表面被织物覆盖。
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