CN103033607A - Manual rack type dead-weight loading device for landslide physical model test - Google Patents

Abstract

A manual rack-type self-weight loading device for physical model tests of landslides, including a bottom plate, a sliding surface adjustment mechanism and a thrust loading mechanism; Gears, two transmission shafts, two sets of meshing worm gears and worms, two crank handles and guide seats, the guide seats are fixed on the bottom plate, and the front and rear parts of the guide seats are respectively provided with vertical guide grooves. The rack is located in the guide groove at the front of the guide seat, and the other set of racks is located in the guide groove at the rear of the guide seat. Each set of gears and a worm wheel are set on the guide seat through the transmission shaft, and each worm is respectively connected to a rocker. The front end of the sliding panel is hinged to the top of a set of racks at the front of the guide seat, and the rear end is supported on a set of racks at the rear of the guide seat; the thrust loading mechanism includes a loading platform, the bottom surface of the loading platform is connected to the bottom of the sliding panel. The top surface is a slip fit that slides back and forth along the slide panel.

Description

A manual rack-type self-weight loading device for physical model tests of landslides

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of geological disaster model tests, in particular to a manual rack-type self-weight loading device for physical model tests of landslides.

Background technique

The landslide physical model test belongs to the category of geomechanics model test. Its theory originated from the structural model test established in the early 20th century. At present, it has gradually developed and extended to landslide field model test, landslide bottom friction model test, landslide frame model test, There are many research directions such as landslide centrifugal model test and landslide comprehensive model test. Among them, the landslide frame model test means that in the usual gravity field, the model is made by using similar materials that meet the similarity criterion in the frame model groove, and the deformation and various mechanical properties of the model are measured under the condition that the main boundary conditions of the model are similar. parameter. This test can not only visually observe the movement characteristics of the landslide during the sliding process, but also quantitatively obtain the stress, strain, displacement and other parameters of the landslide, which can clarify the mechanism of landslide formation and evolution from qualitative and quantitative perspectives.

Under the condition of landslide frame model test, the landslide physical model is generally deformed or destroyed under the condition of external force. The main ways of external force are: mechanical vibration or seismic waves simulated by blasting; changing the water level inside the frame to simulate the seepage caused by the fluctuation of the reservoir water level; the rainfall simulator simulates the seepage under rainfall conditions; The trailing edge provides landslide thrust; steel plates are arranged at the trailing edge of the landslide, and the landslide thrust is applied under the action of hydraulic jacks or MTS hydraulic servo thrust devices.

Among them, there are still the following limitations or defects in the way of applying thrust to the trailing edge of the landslide physical model:

(1) The thrust loading and control system of the trailing edge of the existing landslide physical model is often complex in structure and cumbersome in operation, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of fast, stable and continuous thrust loading on the trailing edge of the landslide;

(2) Although the existing artificial stacking method can exert a stable force on the trailing edge of the landslide, it is difficult to accurately control the magnitude and direction of the landslide thrust, and the boundary conditions of the applied external force do not match the actual situation.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a manual rack-type self-weight loading device for landslide physical model tests, which can easily and quickly adjust the size and direction of thrust loading on the trailing edge of the landslide physical model, so that the applied thrust is consistent with the actual boundary conditions of the landslide. Compatible, and the loading is achieved by the self-weight of the calibrated weight, and the loading force is stable and durable.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, a kind of landslide physical model test manual rack type self-weight loading device provided by the present invention includes a base plate, a sliding surface adjustment mechanism and a thrust loading mechanism; the sliding surface adjustment mechanism is located on the bottom plate, and the sliding surface adjustment mechanism It includes a sliding panel, two sets of intermeshing racks and gears, two transmission shafts, two sets of intermeshing worm gears and worms, two crank handles and a guide seat, which is fixed on the base plate, and the front part of the guide seat There are vertical guide grooves at the front and rear of the guide seat respectively. One set of racks is located in the guide groove at the front of the guide seat, and the other set of racks is located in the guide groove at the rear of the guide seat. Each set of gears and a worm wheel pass through the drive shaft. Set on the guide seat, each worm is respectively connected with a rocker, used to rotate under the drive of the rocker, the front end of the sliding panel is hinged with the top of a group of racks at the front of the guide seat, and the rear end is supported on the On a group of racks at the rear of the guide seat; the thrust loading mechanism includes a loading platform for carrying heavy objects, the bottom surface of the loading platform is slidingly matched with the top surface of the sliding panel, and can slide back and forth along the sliding panel.

In the above technical solution, the bottom surface of the loading platform is a smooth surface, edges are provided on both sides of the top surface of the sliding panel for guiding the loading platform, and the two edges are respectively provided with a row of holes and the holes are opposite to each other , slide bars are arranged in the two opposite holes, and the bottom surface of the loading platform and the top surface of the sliding panel slide and fit through the slide bars.

In the above technical solution, the rear end of the loading platform is provided with a plug lock for temporary fixing of the loading platform and the sliding panel.

In the above technical solution, the bottom surface of the sliding panel is provided with a chute, the top of a set of racks in the guide groove at the rear of the guide seat is provided with a sliding connection block, and the sliding connection block is located in the chute for sliding connection block guide.

In the above technical solution, the intermeshing worm gear and worm satisfy the self-locking condition.

In the above technical solution, each set of intermeshing racks and gears includes two racks and corresponding two gears.

In the above technical solution, the rack and the gear, and the worm and the worm meet the transmission ratio relationship: the worm rotates once, which in turn drives the worm and the gear to rotate, and the rack translates a distance of one tooth.

In the above technical solution, several traveling wheels are arranged under the bottom plate.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

(1) The loading device can be applied to the landslide frame model test, and the internal thrust of the landslide can be simulated by the self-weight controllable loading of the trailing edge, so as to realize the research of the incomplete geomechanics model of the landslide, which greatly reduces the production intensity of the complete geomechanics model ;

(2) The loading device is completely realized by manual adjustment, with simple structure, easy operation and low cost;

(3) The loading device realizes continuous, precise and continuous control of the loading height and loading angle through two sets of racks, so that the applied thrust is in good agreement with the actual boundary conditions;

(4) The loading device is suitable for thrust loading of landslide physical models of different heights, and there is no need to make loading devices of different heights one by one for landslide models of different sliding surface heights;

(5) The loading device is suitable for landslide physical models with different sliding surface angles, and there is no need to make loading devices with different angles one by one;

(6) The bottom surface of the loading platform in the loading device is used in conjunction with the slide bar on the sliding panel, which greatly reduces the frictional resistance during the sliding process of the loading platform, and effectively converts the self-weight load into thrust;

(7) The rear end of the loading platform in the loading device is equipped with a mortise lock, which conveniently realizes the temporary fixing of the loading platform and the sliding panel;

(8) As an independent system, the loading device is separated from the frame of the landslide physical model, has good durability and can be used repeatedly;

(9) Due to the high strength and high rigidity of the components of the device, the possibility of occasional damage to the components is very small, and even if they are damaged, they are easy to repair or replace;

(10) The setting of the walking wheels under the bottom plate is convenient for the movement and transportation of the whole device;

(11) The self-weight loading device can be widely used for thrust loading in geomechanical model tests including geotechnical landslides and slopes, and has broad application prospects and remarkable economic benefits.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a front view of the device of Fig. 1 .

Figure 3 is a rear view of the device of Figure 1 .

Figure 4 is a right side view of the device of Figure 1 .

Fig. 5 is a top view of the device in Fig. 1 after rotation.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the use state of the device in Fig. 1 when it is applied to a landslide frame model test.

In the figure: 1—mortise lock, 2—loading platform, 3—sliding panel, 4—sliding rod, 5—rack, 6—gear, 7—worm gear, 8—transmission shaft, 9—end bearing cover, 10— Worm, 11—side bearing cover, 12—guiding seat, 13—rocking handle, 14—bottom plate, 15—traveling wheel, 16—fixed connection block, 17—test frame, 18—sliding bed, 19—sliding body, 20 —sliding belt, 21—sliding connection block.

Detailed ways

Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, a manual rack-type self-weight loading device for a landslide physical model test of the present invention includes a bottom plate 14, a sliding surface adjustment mechanism and a thrust loading mechanism, specifically.

Base plate 14 below is provided with some walking wheels 15, so that the movement of whole device.

The sliding surface adjustment mechanism is located on the bottom plate 14. The sliding surface adjustment mechanism in this embodiment includes a sliding panel 3, two sets of intermeshing racks 5 and gears 6, two drive shafts 8, two sets of intermeshing worm gears 7 and worms 10 , two rocking handles 13 and guide seat 12. The guide seat 12 is fixed on the base plate 14, and the front part and the rear part of the guide seat 12 are respectively provided with two vertical guide grooves. 5 is positioned in the guide groove of guide seat 12 rear parts, and every group of tooth bar 5 is two, and tooth bar 5 can move up and down along guide groove. Each group of gears 6 and a worm wheel 7 are jointly fixed on a transmission shaft 8, and the transmission shaft 8 is supported on the guide seat 12 through bearings and can rotate around its axis. Each worm 10 is fixedly connected with a rocker 13 respectively, and can rotate under the drive of the rocker 13 . The front end of the sliding panel 3 is hinged with a group of tooth racks 5 tops at the front portion of the guide seat 12 through a fixed connection block 16. 5. A sliding connection block 21 is provided at the top, and the sliding connection block 21 is located in the chute for guiding the sliding connection block 21. The height of the sliding panel 3 is adjusted by the lifting height of the two sets of racks 5 , and the inclination of the sliding panel 3 is determined by the relative lifting heights of the two sets of racks 5 . The lifting control of each group of racks 5 is realized through the linkage of rocking handle 13, worm screw 10, worm wheel 7, power transmission shaft 8 and gear 6 successively. In order to ensure the convenient fixing of the sliding panel 3 , each set of intermeshing worm gear 7 and worm 10 satisfies the self-locking condition and has a self-locking function. For the convenience of operation and calculation of the inclination angle of the sliding panel 3, the rack 5 and the gear 6, the worm gear 7 and the worm 10 in this embodiment satisfy such a transmission ratio relationship: that is, the worm 10 rotates one revolution, which drives the worm gear 7 and the gear 6 to rotate in turn, and the gear Bar 5 translates the distance of one tooth. Like this, the inclination angle of the sliding panel 3 can be converted from the height difference obtained according to the difference in the number of teeth of the front and rear racks and the horizontal distance between the front and rear racks; , It is also convenient to calculate the required number of revolutions of rocking handle 13. Here, the reading of the number of rotations of the rocking handle 13 can be read manually, and can also be obtained by setting a simple recording device, such as a skipping rope counter.

The thrust loading mechanism of this embodiment includes a loading platform 2 for carrying heavy objects, and the inclination angle of the bottom surface of the loading platform 2 should be the same as the inclination angle of the slide belt 20 of the landslide model. The bottom surface of the loading platform 2 is a flat and smooth surface. Edges are provided on both sides of the top surface of the above-mentioned sliding panel 3, which play a guiding role. The two edges are respectively provided with a row of holes and the holes are opposite in pairs. Slide bars 4 , the bottom surface of the loading platform 2 and the top surface of the sliding panel 3 are slidably matched through these slide bars 4 . The top surface of the loading platform 2 is horizontal or concave, and is used to carry the calibrated weight of the object, so that it slides along the sliding panel 3 with the loading platform 2 under its own weight, and acts on the landslide model through the front panel of the loading platform 2. And the corresponding horizontal load is provided by the component of the gravity of the overlying load along the horizontal direction of the sliding panel 3 . A mortise lock 1 is also provided at the rear end of the loading platform 2 for temporary fixing of the loading platform 2 and the sliding panel 3 before the device is used.

As shown in Figure 6, the general process that the present invention is applied to landslide frame type model test is:

1. Preliminary preparation

1. According to the research needs, according to the principle of similarity, a generalized landslide similar model is drawn up; with the test results of similar materials as the standard, similar materials for the sliding bed 18, the sliding belt 20, and the sliding body 19 are respectively prepared. According to the proposed landslide similar model space form, the landslide model is made by using similar materials with uniform preparation and constant water content;

2. Measure the inclination angle of the sliding belt 20 at the trailing edge of the landslide model, and make a corresponding loading platform 2;

2. Adjustment and fixation of the device

3. Push the loading device of the present invention to a designated position, and face the trailing edge of the landslide, and lock and fix the traveling wheels 15 below the bottom plate 14 of the loading device;

4. By turning the front rocker 13, the front rack 5 is raised. At this time, the height of the front end of the sliding panel 3 is consistent with the height of the sliding belt 20 at the rear edge of the landslide model. fixed;

5. Turn the rear crank handle 13, the rear rack 5 rises until it is at the same height as the front rack 5;

6. Continue to rotate the rear rocking handle 13, and record the number of rotations (the number of teeth of the rack 5 rising), so that the rear rack 5 rises. Stop rotating when the inclination angle formed by the sliding panel 3 is consistent with the inclination angle of the trailing edge slide belt 20 of the landslide. The height of the rear end of the sliding panel 3 is temporarily fixed due to the self-locking of the worm wheel 7 and the worm screw 10;

3. Thrust loading

7. Calibrate the weight of the loading platform 2, and weigh the required weight according to the thrust loading requirements;

8. Install the loading platform 2;

9. Open the mortise lock 1 at the rear of the loading platform 2, hold the loading platform 2 by hand to make it slide down slowly until it touches the trailing edge of the landslide, and then release your hands;

10. On the loading platform 2, place the calibrated weight vertically and slowly until the landslide is deformed or destroyed. It should be noted that, in order to prevent the sliding body 19 from extruding from the upper part of the loading platform 2 during the loading process, the top surface of the loading platform 2 should not be lower than the height of the top surface of the sliding body 19. Correspondingly, when making the loading platform 2, appropriate Increase the height of its vertical loading surface;

4. The end of the test

11. First unload the heavy objects on the loading platform 2, and then unload the loading platform 2;

12. Reverse the handle 13 to lower the sliding panel 3;

13. Loosen the brake of the traveling wheels 15 below the bottom plate 14, and move the thrust loading device to a designated place.

The core of the invention lies in the setting of the sliding surface adjustment mechanism, so that the magnitude and direction of the thrust force loaded by self-weight can be continuously and accurately adjusted, and the applied thrust conforms to the actual boundary conditions of the landslide, and the loading force is stable. Therefore, its protection scope is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and deformations to the present invention without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention, for example: the sliding fit between the loading platform 2 and the sliding panel 3 is not limited to the flat and smooth surface in the embodiment and the structure of the slide bar 4, as long as it is convenient for the two to slide back and forth relative to each other; the inclination angle of the sliding panel 3 is obtained by converting the difference in the number of teeth, and the difference in the number of teeth is directly obtained by recording the reading of the rotation number of the rocker 13, and the rotation of the rocker 13 causes the teeth to rotate. The transmission ratio relationship that needs to be satisfied during the rising movement process of the bar 5 can take different values according to the needs. If these changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention also intends to include these changes and modifications.

Claims (9)

1. A manual rack type self-weight loading device for landslide physical model tests, characterized in that: it includes a base plate (14), a sliding surface adjustment mechanism and a thrust loading mechanism; the sliding surface adjustment mechanism is located on the base plate (14), and the sliding surface The adjustment mechanism includes a sliding panel (3), two sets of intermeshing racks (5) and gears (6), two transmission shafts (8), two sets of intermeshing worm gears (7) and worms (10), two The rocker (13) and the guide seat (12), the guide seat (12) is fixed on the bottom plate (14), the front and rear parts of the guide seat (12) are respectively provided with vertical guide grooves, a set of teeth The bar (5) is located in the guide groove at the front of the guide seat (12), and the other set of racks (5) is located in the guide groove at the rear of the guide seat (12). Each group of gears (6) and a worm wheel (7) The transmission shaft (8) is arranged on the guide seat (12), and each worm (10) is respectively connected with a rocker (13) for rotation driven by the rocker (13), and the sliding panel (3 ) is hinged to the top of a group of racks (5) at the front of the guide seat (12), and the rear end is supported on a group of racks (5) at the rear of the guide seat (12); the thrust loading mechanism includes The loading platform (2) is used for carrying heavy objects. The bottom surface of the loading platform (2) is slidingly matched with the top surface of the sliding panel (3), and can slide forward and backward along the sliding panel (3). 2. A manual rack-type self-loading device for landslide physical model tests according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom surface of the loading platform (2) is a smooth surface, and the top surface of the sliding panel (3) is Edges are provided on both sides for guiding the loading platform (2). The two edges are respectively provided with a row of holes and the holes are opposite to each other. Slide bars (4) are arranged in the opposite holes, and the loading platform (2) The bottom surface of the sliding panel (3) is slidably matched with the top surface of the sliding bar (4). 3. A manual rack-type self-loading device for landslide physical model tests according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rear end of the loading platform (2) is provided with a mortise lock (1) for loading the platform ( 2) Temporary fixation with sliding panels (3). 4. A manual rack-type self-loading device for landslide physical model tests according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the bottom surface of the sliding panel (3) has a chute, the The top of one group of racks (5) in the guide slot at the rear of the guide seat (12) is provided with a sliding connection block (21), and the sliding connection block (21) is located in the chute for guiding the sliding connection block (21). 5. A manual rack-type self-loading device for landslide physical model tests according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the intermeshing worm gear (7) and worm (10) meet the requirements of self-loading. lock condition. 6. A manual rack-type self-loading device for landslide physical model tests according to claim 4, characterized in that: the intermeshing worm gear (7) and worm (10) meet the self-locking condition. 7. A manual rack-type self-loading device for landslide physical model tests according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: each set of intermeshing racks (5) and gears (6) includes Two tooth bars (5) and corresponding two gears (5). 8. A manual rack-type self-loading device for landslide physical model tests according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the rack (5), gear (6), worm wheel (7 ) and the worm (10) meet the transmission ratio relationship: the worm (10) rotates once, which in turn drives the worm wheel (7) and the gear (6) to rotate, and the rack (5) translates the distance of one tooth. 9. A manual rack-type self-loading device for landslide physical model tests according to claim 1, characterized in that: a number of road wheels (15) are provided under the bottom plate (14).

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