CN103028912B - Steel forging manufacturing method for valve seat of deep-sea oil production equipment - Google Patents
Steel forging manufacturing method for valve seat of deep-sea oil production equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a steel forging manufacturing method for a valve seat of deep-sea oil production equipment. The method comprises the following steps of: selecting chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel as a blank, wherein the selected blank is AISI4130 (MOD); forging the blank by utilizing a radial cross forging method to obtain a valve seat forging blank; performing hydrogen diffusion thermal treatment on the valve seat forging blank; performing rough machining on the valve seat forging blank to remove black skin from the forging blank to obtain a valve seat blank; normalizing the valve seat blank; performing quenching thermal treatment on the valve seat blank by utilizing a water cooling/air cooling triple-cycle intermittent quenching process; and heating a valve seat forging obtained by the quenching thermal treatment to 650 to 670 DEG C, preserving heat, taking the valve seat forging from a furnace, and air-cooling the valve seat forging to room temperature to obtain a forging for the valve seat of the deep-sea oil production equipment. Forging processes and thermal treatment processes are combined, so that complexly-shaped large forgings are effectively prevented from being cracked when being quenched; and the comprehensive mechanical performance, in particular the low-temperature toughness, of the manufactured forging for the valve seat of the deep-sea oil production equipment is greatly improved, and the manufactured forging can be well applied to a deep-sea low-temperature working condition environment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to and forge and Field of Heat-treatment, be specifically related to the manufacture method of a kind of deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat with the steel forgings forging stock.
Background technology
Deep-sea wellhead for production and production tree are applied to oil exploitation industry, are mainly used in hanging the tubing string in lower going-into-well, the annular space of Seal Oil sleeve pipe, control and regulate oil well production, guarantee operation, admission oil, the casing pressure data, the daily production managements such as test and wax removal.Comprising be used for measuring and maintenance, regulate or stop the various types of valves of former oil vapour, natural gas and the liquid of producing from gushing out in well, as gate valve, choke valve, plug valve, check-valves, choke valve, quick action emergency valve etc., and usage quantity is also large especially.As can be seen here, in the deep-sea oil recovery equipment system, the effect of valve is very important.The applied environment of deep-sea wellhead for production and production tree harsh as: be rich in mud, H
2s and CO
2deng etchant gas.Operating pressure is high, is generally 35MPa～69MPa even higher, and operating temperature is low, and minimum is subzero 50 ℃ of left and right.Working environment as the various valves in this system is like this equally, and quality requirement must meet standard A PI6AV1--sub-sea valve the strictest in petroleum industry and the testing standard of actuator.Valve seat is the supporting body of all parts of valve and pipeline, not only requires to have higher conventional comprehensive mechanical property, also good low-temperature flexibility must be arranged.Therefore, the main forging process of forging, forging quality, delivery and examination strict implement API6A/ISO10423 " wellhead equipment and production tree equipment code " and technological document MS-011501-11REV.04.
At present, for the manufacture of the seat material of oil extraction system, usually select AISI4130 (MOD), belong to medium quenching degree low-alloy structural steel, be equivalent to the hypo eutectoid low-alloy steel 30CrMo of China.The sectional dimension of valve seat forging relatively large (￠ 590 * 402 * 1073mm), complex-shaped, there is transition section, a plurality of circle side.For guaranteeing to obtain dark as far as possible depth of hardening zone, it is water that Technology for Heating Processing requires quenching medium.Relatively large for sectional dimension, complex-shaped heat treatment forging, form larger thermal stress and structural stress during quenching because the cooling velocity of water is excessive, especially in the cross section of circle side's transition and the through hardening layer larger with interface thermal stress and the structural stress of through hardening layer not, cause thus the probability of valve seat hardening crack to increase.Secondly, the steel ingot that the size of forging is selected greatly is also large, when forging, often can not forge large steel ingot, some as cast condition metallurgical imperfections, as segregation, loose, shrinkage cavity etc. will remain in forging to some extent, make forging will produce larger stress in heat treatment process and concentrate, the cracking in heat treatment process or in the put procedure after heat treatment finishes that often causes forging, or reduce the effective bearing capacity of part under arms the time because of the existence of internal stress.Not only affected workmanship and the normal rhythm of production of valve seat by above-mentioned reason, also increased the negative effect of manufacturing cost and product quality credit worthiness.In addition, due to valve seat, in deep-sea harshness working condition, require the low-temperature flexibility-60 ° summer than v-notch ballistic work >=27J.Therefore, use AISI4130 (MOD) material, the deep-sea valve seat produced with conventional forge piece manufacturing process, not only manufacturing process and product quality are difficult to stablize, its low-temperature flexibility also is difficult to meet the demands, can't be applicable to the such severe rugged environment of deep-sea wellhead for production and production tree, especially the worst cold case environment.
Therefore, need a kind of new deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat by the manufacture method of steel forgings to address the above problem.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the present invention is directed to the defect of process for manufacturing forging aspect deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat use steel forgings of prior art, the manufacture method of a kind of deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat with steel forgings is provided.
Technical scheme: for solving the problems of the technologies described above, deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat of the present invention adopts following technical scheme by the manufacture method of steel forgings:
The manufacture method of steel forgings for a kind of deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat comprises the following steps:
(1) take chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel as blank, utilize radially cross forging method to be forged described blank, obtain the valve seat forging stock;
(2) valve seat forging stock step (1) obtained is expanded hydrogen heat treatment;
(3) valve seat forging stock step (2) obtained carries out roughing and removes the forging stock casting skin, obtains the valve seat blank;
(4) valve seat blank step (3) obtained carries out normalizing;
(5) valve seat blank step (4) obtained utilizes three circular gap quenching technicals of water-cooled/air cooling to carry out quenching heat treatment;
(6) the valve seat forging after step (5) is processed is heated to 650-670 ℃ and be incubated more than 680 minutes, the air cooling of coming out of the stove, to room temperature, obtains described deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat steel forgings.
Beneficial effect: deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat of the present invention is selected chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel material by the manufacture method of steel forgings, and Forging Technology and Technology for Heating Processing are combined, the quenching-and-tempering process that radially cross Forging Technology and normalizing+water-cooled/air cooling three times circular gap quenches.Not only effectively prevented complex-shaped large forging hardening break, and the deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat of manufacturing increases substantially with the comprehensive mechanical property of steel forgings especially low-temperature flexibility, can be applicable to well the deep sea low temperature work condition environment.
Preferably, described chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel comprises each component of following mass percent: 0.28% ~ 0.33% carbon, 0.15% ~ 0.40% silicon, 0.40% ~ 0.80% manganese, 0.80% ~ 1.20% chromium, 0.15% ~ 0.35% molybdenum, 0 ~ 0.025% phosphorus, 0 ~ 0.025% sulphur, 0 ~ 2.0ppm hydrogen, 0 ~ 0.50% nickel, 0 ~ 0.035% vanadium, 0 ~ 0.35% bronze medal, 0 ~ 1.0% residual elements: niobium, titanium and aluminium, all the other are Fe.
Preferably, described radially cross forging method comprises the following steps: a, by blank jumping-up vertically; B, along two, the cross section orthogonal diametric(al) upsetting pull repeatedly of described blank; C, extract the valve seat forging stock vertically.It is many that the method blank deformation direction changes, and steel ingot heart section metal outwards flows, to the as-cast structure at broken steel ingot center, forge loose, hole, the defects i.e.cracks that closes steel ingot inside and organize radially equally distributed effect remarkable.The radially cross forging ratio of patent of the present invention adopts the conventional Forging Technology more can be by farthest compactings of genetic defects such as loose in as cast metal, space and crackles, density and the continuity of metal have been improved, promote the as-cast structure kneading simultaneously, make the inside and outside tissue trend of forging evenly, effectively alleviated the segregation degree of forging.Radially cross forges structure property and the comprehensive mechanical property that has not only effectively excavated material.And due to the dense structure of forging stock, evenly, greatly reduce the residualinternal stress of forging stock, eliminated the internal flaw that causes that stress is concentrated, strengthened the impact capacity that forging stock bears thermal stress and structural stress in modified heat-treatment quenching process, having reduced the hardening crack risk of forging stock, is also a kind of complementation to the hardening flaw that reduces Technology for Heating Processing formation.Radially the purpose of cross forging method is to utilize the variation of blank deformation direction many, steel ingot heart section metal outwards flows, the effectively broken as cast condition dendrite tissue at steel ingot center, forge and close the loosening of steel ingot inside, hole, defects i.e.cracks, improved density and the continuity of metal.Promote the kneading of as-cast structure simultaneously, made the inside and outside tissue trend of forging evenly, alleviated the segregation journey of forging tissue.Guarantee that from tissue forging is in modified heat treated quenching process subsequently, avoid forging the concentrated crackle of quenching stress of tissue defects initiation or the hardening break caused therefrom, strengthen the ability of going out of complex-shaped forging opposing heat treatment thermal stress and structural stress.
Preferably, the heat treatment of described expansion hydrogen specifically comprises the following steps: the valve seat forging stock that step (1) is obtained advances stove and is heated to 880 ± 20 ℃ of insulations at least 360 minutes, air cooling to 300 ± 20 ℃ insulation at least 180 minutes, and then being heated to 650 ± 20 ℃ of insulations at least 720 minutes, stove is chilled to 400 ± 20 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove.Expanding the heat treated purpose of hydrogen is: guarantee further to reduce the content of hydrogen under the prerequisite of hydrogen content below 2.0ppm at original steel ingot, prevent that the valve seat forging stock from producing Light spots crack and heat treatment stress brings out hydrogen induced cracking and hydrogen causes delay hysteresis crackle.
Preferably, described normalizing specifically comprises the following steps: the valve seat forging stock that step (3) is obtained is heated to 900 ± 20 ℃, and also insulation is after at least 420 minutes, and the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature.The normalized treatment purpose is to increase high temperature normalizing heat treatment before modified heat treatment, the one, and changed front structural state, the tissue of forging state of modified quenching and be tending towards even; The 2nd, the further refinement of forging grain, obtained more tiny uniform quenching structure after modified quenching, improved the Strengthening and Toughening performance of material after modified heat treatment.
Preferably, three circular gap quenching technicals of described water-cooled/air cooling specifically comprise the following steps: the valve seat forging stock after step (4) normalized treatment is heated to hardening heat insulation, come out of the stove, then enter for the first time successively water cooling, go out for the first time water-air cooling, enter for the second time water cooling, go out for the second time water-air cooling, enter for the third time water cooling, go out for the third time water-air cooling, enter to be water-cooled to room temperature the 4th time, wherein, entering for the first time water-cooled time t estimates by t=K*D according to empirical equation, wherein, the low-alloy steel COEFFICIENT K is 0.8～1.6s/mm, the diameter that D is the valve seat forging stock, the unit of D is mm, t is the quench water cool time, the unit of t is second, air cooling time is for entering for the first time 1/2～l/3 of water cooling time for the first time, after this entering the water cooling time in each circulation successively decreases by 0.8～0.7 of previous circulation, the water outlet air cooling time increases progressively by 1.5～2 of last circulation.Wherein, in step (6), utilize three circular gap quenching technicals of described water-cooled/air cooling to carry out in modified heat treated process, the water temperature of quenching during beginning is lower than 38 ℃, and the water temperature of quenching during end is lower than 49 ℃.By three circular gaps of water-cooled/air cooling, quench, reducing to greatest extent circle that thermal stress that forging heat treatment produces is different in the valve seat sectional dimension with structural stress and circle and circle and square transition section, to locate the stress that causes concentrated, prevent hardening break and the implosion of forging, also obtained even tiny quenching structure simultaneously.
Preferably, before three circular gap quenching technicals of water-cooled/air cooling described in step (5), the valve seat forging stock that step (4) is obtained is heated to 870 ± 10 ℃ and also is incubated at least 300 minutes, be cooled to 800 ± 10 ℃ of insulations at least 120 minutes, then utilize three circular gap quenching technicals of described water-cooled/air cooling to carry out quenching heat treatment to the valve forging stock.Before quenching, heating-up temperature is down to 800 ± 10 ℃ of insulations at least 120 minutes by 870 ± 10 ℃, its objective is: reduce hardening heat and can effectively reduce quenching stress, prevent heavy forging hardening crack tendency.
Preferably, utilize three circular gap quenching technicals of described water-cooled/air cooling to carry out in modified heat treated process, enter for the first time water cooling, enter water cooling for the second time and enter for the third time in water-cooled process, water is carried out to stir process, wherein, the stirring flow velocity of water is more than or equal to 0.4 meter per second, while entering water cooling the 4th time, stops stirring.Above-mentioned design is to adopt for reducing the harmful effect of vapor film to martensite transfor mation in cooling procedure the method stirred in order to guarantee in quenching process, at the stirring flow velocity of work-piece cools regional water, is more than or equal to 0.4 meter per second, enters for the last time water cooling and stops stirring.
Preferably, described blank is AISI4130 (MOD)
The accompanying drawing explanation
The forging flow chart that Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the present invention;
The heat treatment cycle curve figure that Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the present invention;
The horizontal macrostructure figure that Fig. 3 is Comparative examples A;
The horizontal macrostructure figure that Fig. 4 is Embodiment B;
The horizontal macrostructure figure that Fig. 5 is Embodiment C;
The metallographic structure figure (100 *) that Fig. 6 is Comparative examples A;
The metallographic structure figure (500 *) that Fig. 7 is Comparative examples A;
The metallographic structure figure (100 *) that Fig. 8 is Embodiment B;
The metallographic structure figure (500 *) that Fig. 9 is Embodiment B;
The metallographic structure figure (100 *) that Figure 10 is Embodiment C;
The metallographic structure figure (500 *) that Figure 11 is Embodiment C.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, further illustrate the present invention, should understand these embodiment only is not used in and limits the scope of the invention for the present invention is described, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's claims limited range to the modification of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention.
Refer to shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the manufacture method of steel forgings for a kind of deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the size of deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat, select suitable blank, described blank is chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel, the blank that our company selects is AISI4130 (MOD); Chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel comprises each component of following mass percent: 0.28% ~ 0.33% carbon, 0.15% ~ 0.40% silicon, 0.40% ~ 0.80% manganese, 0.80% ~ 1.20% chromium, 0.15% ~ 0.35% molybdenum, 0 ~ 0.025% phosphorus, 0 ~ 0.025% sulphur, 0 ~ 2.0ppm hydrogen, 0 ~ 0.50% nickel, 0 ~ 0.035% vanadium, 0 ~ 0.35% bronze medal, 0 ~ 1.0% residual elements: niobium, titanium and aluminium, all the other are Fe.
(2) utilize the blank that radially the cross forging method obtains step (1) to be forged, obtain the valve seat forging stock; Described radially cross forging method comprises the following steps: a, by blank jumping-up vertically; B, along two, the cross section orthogonal diametric(al) upsetting pull repeatedly of described blank; C, extract the valve seat forging stock vertically.It is many that the method blank deformation direction changes, and steel ingot heart section metal outwards flows, to the as-cast structure at broken steel ingot center, forge loose, hole, the defects i.e.cracks that closes steel ingot inside and organize radially equally distributed effect remarkable.The radially cross forging ratio of patent of the present invention adopts the conventional Forging Technology more can be by farthest compactings of genetic defects such as loose in as cast metal, space and crackles, density and the continuity of metal have been improved, promote the as-cast structure kneading simultaneously, make the inside and outside tissue trend of forging evenly, effectively alleviated the segregation degree of forging.Radially cross forges structure property and the comprehensive mechanical property that has not only effectively excavated material.And due to the dense structure of forging stock, evenly, greatly reduce the residualinternal stress of forging stock, eliminated the internal flaw that causes that stress is concentrated, strengthened the impact capacity that forging stock bears thermal stress and structural stress in modified heat-treatment quenching process, having reduced the hardening crack risk of forging stock, is also a kind of complementation to the hardening flaw that reduces Technology for Heating Processing formation.Radially the purpose of cross forging method is to utilize the variation of blank deformation direction many, steel ingot heart section metal outwards flows, the effectively broken as cast condition dendrite tissue at steel ingot center, forge and close the loosening of steel ingot inside, hole, defects i.e.cracks, improved density and the continuity of metal.Promote the kneading of as-cast structure simultaneously, made the inside and outside tissue trend of forging evenly, alleviated the segregation journey of forging tissue.Guarantee that from tissue forging is in modified heat treated quenching process subsequently, avoid forging the concentrated crackle of quenching stress of tissue defects initiation or the hardening break caused therefrom, strengthen the ability of going out of complex-shaped forging opposing heat treatment thermal stress and structural stress.
(3) valve seat forging stock step (2) obtained is expanded hydrogen heat treatment; The heat treatment of described expansion hydrogen specifically comprises the following steps: the valve seat forging stock that step (1) is obtained advances stove and is heated to 880 ± 20 ℃ of insulations at least 360 minutes, air cooling to 300 ± 20 ℃ insulation at least 180 minutes, and then being heated to 650 ± 20 ℃ of insulations at least 720 minutes, stove is chilled to 400 ± 20 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove;
(4) valve seat forging stock step (3) obtained carries out roughing and removes the forging stock casting skin, obtains the valve seat blank;
(5) valve seat blank step (4) obtained carries out normalizing; Wherein, normalizing specifically comprises the following steps: the valve seat forging stock that step (3) is obtained is heated to 900 ± 20 ℃, and also insulation is after at least 420 minutes, and the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature.The normalized treatment purpose is to increase high temperature normalizing heat treatment before modified heat treatment, the one, and changed front structural state, the tissue of forging state of modified quenching and be tending towards even; The 2nd, the further refinement of forging grain, obtained more tiny uniform quenching structure after modified quenching, improved the Strengthening and Toughening performance of material after modified heat treatment.
(6) valve seat blank step (5) obtained is heated to hardening heat insulation, comes out of the stove, and utilizes three circular gap quenching technicals of water-cooled/air cooling to carry out quenching heat treatment, wherein, three circular gap quenching technicals of water-cooled/air cooling specifically comprise the following steps: the valve seat forging stock after step (5) normalized treatment is heated to hardening heat insulation, come out of the stove, then enter for the first time successively water cooling, go out for the first time water-air cooling, enter for the second time water cooling, go out for the second time water-air cooling, enter for the third time water cooling, go out for the third time water-air cooling, enter to be water-cooled to room temperature the 4th time, wherein, entering for the first time water-cooled time t estimates by t=K*D according to empirical equation, wherein, the low-alloy steel COEFFICIENT K is 0.8～1.6s/mm, the diameter that D is the valve seat forging stock, the unit of D is mm, t is the quench water cool time, the unit of t is second, air cooling time is for entering for the first time 1/2～1/3 of the water cooling time for the first time, after this entering the water cooling time in each circulation successively decreases by 0.8～0.7 of previous circulation, the water outlet air cooling time increases progressively by 1.5～2 of last circulation.Wherein, in step (6), utilize three circular gap quenching technicals of described water-cooled/air cooling to carry out in modified heat treated process, the water temperature of quenching during beginning is lower than 38 ℃, and the water temperature of quenching during end is lower than 49 ℃.By three circular gaps of water-cooled/air cooling, quench, reducing to greatest extent circle that thermal stress that forging heat treatment produces is different in the valve seat sectional dimension with structural stress and circle and circle and square transition section, to locate the stress that causes concentrated, prevent hardening break and the implosion of forging, also obtained even tiny quenching structure simultaneously.
Wherein, utilize three circular gap quenching technicals of described water-cooled/air cooling to carry out in modified heat treated process, enter for the first time water cooling, enter water cooling for the second time and enter for the third time in water-cooled process, water is carried out to stir process, wherein, the stirring flow velocity of water is more than or equal to 0.4 meter per second, while entering water cooling the 4th time, stops stirring.Above-mentioned design is to adopt for reducing the harmful effect of vapor film to martensite transfor mation in cooling procedure the method stirred in order to guarantee in quenching process, at the stirring flow velocity of work-piece cools regional water, is more than or equal to 0.4 meter per second, enters for the last time water cooling and stops stirring.
Wherein, before three circular gap quenching technicals of water-cooled/air cooling, the valve seat forging stock that step (5) is obtained is heated to 870 ± 10 ℃ and also is incubated at least 300 minutes, be cooled to 800 ± 10 ℃ of insulations at least 120 minutes, then utilize three circular gap quenching technicals of described water-cooled/air cooling to carry out quenching heat treatment to the valve forging stock.Before quenching, heating-up temperature is down to 800 ± 10 ℃ of insulations at least 120 minutes by 870 ± 10 ℃, its objective is: reduce hardening heat and can effectively reduce quenching stress, prevent heavy forging hardening crack tendency.
(7) the valve seat blank after step (6) is processed is heated to 650-670 ℃ and also is incubated at least 680 minutes, the air cooling of coming out of the stove, to room temperature, obtains described deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat steel forgings.
Deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat of the present invention is selected chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel material by the manufacture method of steel forgings, the blank that our company selects is AISI4130 (MOD), and Forging Technology and Technology for Heating Processing are combined, the quenching-and-tempering process that radially cross Forging Technology and normalizing+water-cooled/air cooling three times circular gap quenches.Not only effectively prevented complex-shaped large forging hardening break, and the deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat of manufacturing increases substantially with the comprehensive mechanical property of steel forgings especially low-temperature flexibility, can be applicable to well the deep sea low temperature work condition environment.
The comparative example A:
A1, take chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel as blank, chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel comprises each component of following mass percent: 0.28% ~ 0.33% carbon, 0.15% ~ 0.40% silicon, 0.40% ~ 0.80% manganese, 0.80% ~ 1.20% chromium, 0.15% ~ 0.35% molybdenum, 0 ~ 0.025% phosphorus, 0 ~ 0.025% sulphur, 0 ~ 2.0ppm hydrogen, 0 ~ 0.50% nickel, 0 ~ 0.035% vanadium, 0 ~ 0.35% bronze medal, 0 ~ 1.0% residual elements: niobium, titanium and aluminium, and all the other are Fe;
A2, according to desired structure part size, select the Octagonal plum-blossom ingot of 5.4t, advance stove and be heated to 1250 ℃ of insulations and come out of the stove in 180 minutes, forge soon pressing tongs handle on hydraulic press, chamfered edge at the open die forging of 35MN;
A3, blank advance stove and are heated to 1250 ℃ of insulations and come out of the stove in 180 minutes, and drain cap jumping-up to ratio of height to diameter is 0.84 (height after jumping-up is 800mm), then with the wide upper and lower flat anvil of 600mm along axially pulling 4 times of steel ingot, time time deflection is 19～20%, round as a ball;
A4, the forging stock that steps A 3 is processed enter stove and are heated to 1250 ℃ of insulations and come out of the stove in 180 minutes, axial jumping-up to ratio of height to diameter along above-mentioned operation is 0.65 (height after jumping-up is 650mm), with the wide upper and lower flat anvil of 600mm, along steel ingot, axially pull out 8 times again, plowing time deflection is 16%～21%, forging and stamping, are chopped the pincers handle from all directions;
A5, the forging stock after steps A 4 is processed is entered to stove be heated to 1200 ℃ of insulations and come out of the stove in 120 minutes, impression, press the flat square billet in process pulling two ends, round as a ball middle blank, alignment, total pulling forging ratio is 4.3, obtains valve seat forging stock (shaping is forged final forging temperature and is greater than 800 ℃);
A6, steps A 5 is obtained to the valve seat forging stock advance stove and be heated to ℃ insulation of 360 minutes air coolings to 300 of 880 ℃ of insulations and be heated to 650 ℃ of insulations 720 minutes after 180 minutes again, stove is chilled to 400 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove, and after forging, expands hydrogen heat treatment;
A7, the valve seat forging stock carried out to roughing remove the forging stock casting skin, obtain the special-shaped of circle side combination and contain step valve seat blank,
A8, the valve seat blank after steps A 7 is processed is carried out to normalizing, be heated to 900 ℃ and be incubated 420 minutes after, the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature;
A9, the valve seat blank after steps A 8 is processed is quenched, heating-up temperature is 870 ℃, temperature retention time is calculated by the per inch of forging maximum cross-section 0.5 hour (minimum be not less than 1 hour), be incubated the shrend of coming out of the stove in 420 minutes, the water temperature of quenching during beginning is no more than 38 ℃, and the water temperature of quenching during end is no more than 49 ℃;
A10, the valve seat blank after steps A 9 is processed is carried out to tempering, be heated to 420 minutes air coolings of coming out of the stove of 660 ℃ of insulations to room temperature.
Embodiment B:
B1, take chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel as blank, chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel comprises each component of following mass percent: 0.28% ~ 0.33% carbon, 0.15% ~ 0.40% silicon, 0.40% ~ 0.80% manganese, 0.80% ~ 1.20% chromium, 0.15% ~ 0.35% molybdenum, 0 ~ 0.025% phosphorus, 0 ~ 0.025% sulphur, 0 ~ 2.0ppm hydrogen, 0 ~ 0.50% nickel, 0 ~ 0.035% vanadium, 0 ~ 0.35% bronze medal, 0 ~ 1.0% residual elements: niobium, titanium and aluminium, and all the other are Fe;
B2, according to desired structure part size, select the Octagonal plum-blossom ingot of 5.4t, advance stove and be heated to 1250 ℃ of insulations and come out of the stove in 180 minutes, forge soon pressing tongs handle on hydraulic press, chamfered edge at the open die forging of 35MN.What take steel ingot is axially Z-direction, and take with the Z-direction plane is XOY plane.Z-direction drain cap jumping-up to ratio of height to diameter is 0.84 (height after jumping-up is 800mm).Chop the pincers handle, pull out 4 times along steel ingot X-direction (radially) with the wide upper and lower flat anvil of 600mm, time time deflection is 20～25%,
B3, the blank that step B2 is processed advance stove and are heated to 1250 ℃ of insulations and come out of the stove in 180 minutes, X-direction jumping-up to depth-width ratio along above-mentioned operation is 0.65 (height after jumping-up is 650mm), with the wide upper and lower flat anvil of 600mm, along steel ingot Y-direction (radially), pull out 4 times, time time deflection is 21%～25%.Be 0.80 (height after jumping-up is 750mm) along former direction jumping-up to depth-width ratio again, pull out 4 times by the wide upper and lower flat anvil Z-direction of 600mm (axially), time time deflection is 18%～21%,
B4, the forging stock that step B3 is processed enter stove and are heated to 1100 ℃ of insulations and come out of the stove in 120 minutes, impression, press the flat square billet in process pulling two ends, round as a ball middle blank, alignment, total pulling forging ratio is 6.06, obtains valve seat forging stock (shaping is forged final forging temperature and is greater than 800 ℃);
B5, step B4 is obtained to the pump valve seat blank advance stove and be heated to ℃ insulation of 360 minutes air coolings to 320 of 900 ℃ of insulations and be heated to 670 ℃ of insulations 720 minutes after 180 minutes again, stove is chilled to 420 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove, and after forging, expands hydrogen heat treatment,
B6, the valve seat forging stock carried out to roughing remove the forging stock casting skin, obtain the special-shaped of circle side combination and contain step valve seat blank,
B7, the valve seat blank after step B6 processes is carried out to normalizing, be heated to 920 ℃ and be incubated 420 minutes after, the air cooling of coming out of the stove causes room temperature,
B8, the valve seat blank after step B7 processes is heated to 880 ℃ and be incubated 300 minutes, stove was chilled to 810 ℃ of insulations after 120 minutes, came out of the stove and carried out three circular gaps quenchings of water-cooled/air cooling, and the water temperature of quenching during beginning is no more than 38 ℃, the water temperature of quenching during end is no more than 49 ℃
B9, by the valve seat forging after step B8 processes be heated to 670 ℃ and be incubated 680 minutes after, the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature.
Wherein tri-circular gap quenching water-cooling process of step B8 are: the valve seat blank enters water cooling 3 minutes 49 seconds → goes out water-air cooling 1 minute 54 seconds → enter water cooling 3 minutes 3 seconds → go out water-air cooling 2 minutes 50 seconds → enter water cooling 2 minutes 26 seconds → go out water-air cooling 4 minutes 15 seconds → enter to be water-cooled to room temperature (70min left and right)
Water-cooled/air cooling time that wherein step B8 circular gap quenches is controlled by the following method:
The time empirical equation of water-cooled first that circular gap quenches is pressed the t=KD estimation, and the low-alloy steel COEFFICIENT K is 0.8～1.6s/mm, and D is diameter or thickness (mm).T is the quench water cool time, and the unit of t is second.First air cooling time be first the water-cooled time 1/2～1/3, after this in each circulation, the water-cooled time successively decreases by 0.8～0.7 of previous circulation, during air cooling with increasing progressively by 1.5～2 of last circulation,
For reducing the harmful effect of vapor film to martensite transfor mation in cooling procedure, adopt the method stirred in quenching process, at the stirring flow velocity of work-piece cools regional water >=0.4 meter per second, enter for the last time water cooling and stop stirring;
Embodiment C:
C1, take chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel as blank, chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel comprises each component of following mass percent: 0.28% ~ 0.33% carbon, 0.15% ~ 0.40% silicon, 0.40% ~ 0.80% manganese, 0.80% ~ 1.20% chromium, 0.15% ~ 0.35% molybdenum, 0 ~ 0.025% phosphorus, 0 ~ 0.025% sulphur, 0 ~ 2.0ppm hydrogen, 0 ~ 0.50% nickel, 0 ~ 0.035% vanadium, 0 ~ 0.35% bronze medal, 0 ~ 1.0% residual elements: niobium, titanium and aluminium, and all the other are Fe;
C2, according to desired structure part size, select the Octagonal plum-blossom ingot of 5.4t, advance stove and be heated to 1250 ℃ of insulations and come out of the stove in 180 minutes, forge soon pressing tongs handle on hydraulic press, chamfered edge at the open die forging of 35MN.What take steel ingot is axially Z-direction, and take with the Z-direction plane is XOY plane.Z-direction drain cap jumping-up to ratio of height to diameter is 0.84 (height after jumping-up is 800mm).Chop the pincers handle, pull out 4 times along steel ingot X-direction (radially) with the wide upper and lower flat anvil of 600mm, time time deflection is 20～25%,
C3, the blank that step C2 is processed advance stove and are heated to 1250 ℃ of insulations and come out of the stove in 180 minutes, X-direction jumping-up to depth-width ratio along above-mentioned operation is 0.65 (height after jumping-up is 650mm), with the wide upper and lower flat anvil of 600mm, along steel ingot Y-direction (radially), pull out 4 times, time time deflection is 21%～25%.Be 0.80 (height after jumping-up is 750mm) along former direction jumping-up to depth-width ratio again, pull out 4 times by the wide upper and lower flat anvil Z-direction of 600mm (axially), time time deflection is 18%～21%,
C4, the forging stock that step C3 is processed enter stove and are heated to 1100 ℃ of insulations and come out of the stove in 120 minutes, impression, press the flat square billet in process pulling two ends, round as a ball middle blank, alignment, total pulling forging ratio is 6.06, obtains valve seat forging stock (shaping is forged final forging temperature and is greater than 800 ℃);
C5, step C4 is obtained to the pump valve seat blank advance stove and be heated to ℃ insulation of 400 minutes air coolings to 280 of 860 ℃ of insulations and be heated to 630 ℃ of insulations 750 minutes after 230 minutes again, stove is chilled to 380 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove, and after forging, expands hydrogen heat treatment,
C6, the valve seat forging stock carried out to roughing remove the forging stock casting skin, obtain the special-shaped of circle side combination and contain step valve seat blank,
C7, the valve seat blank after step C6 processes is carried out to normalizing, be heated to 880 ℃ and be incubated 450 minutes after, the air cooling of coming out of the stove causes room temperature,
C8, the valve seat blank after step C7 processes is heated to 860 ℃ and be incubated 350 minutes, stove was chilled to 790 ℃ of insulations after 150 minutes, came out of the stove and carried out three circular gaps quenchings of water-cooled/air cooling, and the water temperature of quenching during beginning is no more than 38 ℃, the water temperature of quenching during end is no more than 49 ℃
C9, by the valve seat forging after step C8 processes be heated to 650 ℃ and be incubated 750 minutes after, the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature.
Wherein tri-circular gap quenching water-cooling process of step C8 are: the valve seat blank enters water cooling 5 minutes 14 seconds → goes out water-air cooling 1 minute 44 seconds → enter water cooling 3 minutes 40 seconds → go out water-air cooling 3 minutes 29 seconds → enter water cooling 2 minutes 34 seconds → go out water-air cooling 6 minutes 58 seconds → enter to be water-cooled to room temperature (70min left and right)
Water-cooled/air cooling time that wherein step C8 circular gap quenches is controlled by the following method:
The time empirical equation of water-cooled first that circular gap quenches is pressed the t=KD estimation, and the low-alloy steel COEFFICIENT K is 0.8～1.6s/mm, and D is diameter or thickness (mm).T is the quench water cool time, and the unit of t is second.First air cooling time be first the water-cooled time 1/2～1/3, after this in each circulation, the water-cooled time successively decreases by 0.8～0.7 of previous circulation, during air cooling with increasing progressively by 1.5～2 of last circulation,
For reducing the harmful effect of vapor film to martensite transfor mation in cooling procedure, adopt the method stirred in quenching process, at the stirring flow velocity of work-piece cools regional water >=0.4 meter per second, enter for the last time water cooling and stop stirring;
The result contrast:
Table 1
The result of the test analysis-by-synthesis:
The present invention adopts radially cross forging method, utilize the blank deformation direction to change many, steel ingot heart section metal outwards flows, in conjunction with increasing pulling time time deflection, effectively broken steel ingot center as cast condition dendrite tissue, forge and close the loosening of steel ingot inside, hole, defects i.e.cracks, improved density and the continuity of metal.Promote the kneading of as-cast structure simultaneously, made the inside and outside tissue trend of forging evenly, alleviated the segregation degree of forging tissue.Refer to shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the valve seat forging stock of Embodiment B and C is through the check of cross section coarse micro-grain sample, and the sample macrostructure is fine and close, even, without significantly dendrite tissue and macrostructure's segregation.Refer to shown in Fig. 3, comparative example A's forging method is to adopt one direction jumping-up pulling repeatedly, but because of the pulling of one direction jumping-up, every time time the anvil drafts is less, deformation extent and deflection do not reach the compacting of forging heart section as-cast structure and the degree evenly integrated, and the cross section coarse micro-grain sample tissue of valve seat forging stock exists significantly loose hole and component segregation.
The present invention adopts radially cross forging method and three circular gap quenching technical combinations of water-cooled/air cooling, wherein:
Radially the cross forging method makes the valve seat forging stock obtain good as-forged microstructure, the one, guarantee that from tissue forging is in modified heat treated quenching process, avoid forging the concentrated crackle of quenching stress of tissue defects initiation or the hardening break caused therefrom, strengthen the ability of going out of complex-shaped forging opposing heat treatment thermal stress and structural stress.The 2nd, for the modified heat treatment of performance subsequently provides preferably Preparedness Directorate.Refer to shown in Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10 and Figure 11, the modified heat treatment of the forging of Embodiment B and C has obtained take evenly tiny tempered sorbite as main tissue, improves the comprehensive mechanical property of valve seat forging.The mechanical property of material just depends on tissue, organize the mechanical property of good correspondence high, known by embodiments of the invention B in table 1 and Embodiment C data, the intensity of forging, plasiticity index have reached the MS-011501-11VER.04 demand of technical standard, and low-temperature impact work is far above the MS-011501-11VER.04 demand of technical standard;
Water-cooled/air cooling circular gap quenching technical has reduced thermal stress and the structural stress of valve seat forging stock greatly, has prevented the formation of forging hardening break and internal fissure.Simultaneously, reduce thermal stress and the structural stress of forging stock from the heat treatment aspect, make up to greatest extent forging stock and forge tissue defects and be unfavorable for heat treated shape and structure factor, be equivalent to strengthen the impact capacity that forging stock bears thermal stress, structural stress, eliminate the hardening crack risk of forging stock.Therefore, the present invention is the combination of cross forging method and three circular gap quenching technicals of water-cooled/air cooling radially, from effect, is just right complementation.
Comparative Examples adopts conventional axial upsetting pull technique, and time time anvil drafts is less, and, there is obvious as-forged microstructure defect in forging deflection deficiency.The as-forged microstructure defect not only easily produces larger heat treatment stress and concentrates, and causes heat-treatment quenching cracking or implosion.Refer to shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, after the modified heat treatment of comparative example A, coarse microstructure is inhomogeneous, is heterogeneous line and staff control.Organization tree dendritic segregation in Fig. 6, Fig. 7 is obvious, is organized as: tempered sorbite+bainite+granular bainite+a small amount of ferrite, corresponding mechanical property is in Table 1.The data of comparative example A in table are known, and tensile property exempts to reach by force the MS-011501-11VER.04 demand of technical standard, but-60 ℃ of ballistic works do not meet demand of technical standard.
Comparative Examples of the present invention is owing to having as-forged microstructure defect, valve seat shape and structure complexity and the caused larger thermal stress of continuous water hardening and structural stress, except mechanical property is difficult to meet the MS-011501-11VER.04 demand of technical standard.Valve seat forging hardening crack is arranged in the time of in modified heat-treatment quenching process or put and split generation.From the valve seat forging stock that adopts radially cross Forging Technology of the present invention and manufacture with the process combination that three circular gaps of water-cooled/air cooling quench, not only the intensity of forging stock, plasiticity index have reached the MS-011501-11VER.04 demand of technical standard, low-temperature impact work is far above outside the MS-011501-11VER.04 demand of technical standard, and stopped forging stock in the hardening crack, the implosion that occur or put to split phenomenon in modified heat-treatment quenching process.The mechanical performance data of embodiment of the present invention C and Embodiment B is coincide good, shows that process stabilizing of the present invention is reliable.
In addition, the hardening media of water-cooled of the present invention/air cooling circular gap quenching technical is water, and water cheap quenches and do not need to increase any equipment, can reduce the heat treatment cost.Water-cooled of the present invention/air cooling circular gap quenching technical can replace water quenching and oil-cooling, has avoided oil smoke or fire to environment with to operating personnel's physical impairment.
Claims (8)
1. the manufacture method of a deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat use steel forgings, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) take chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel as blank, utilize radially cross forging method to be forged described blank, obtain the valve seat forging stock; Described chrome molybdenum low-alloy steel comprises each component of following mass percent: 0.28%～0.33% carbon, 0.15%～0.40% silicon, 0.40%～0.80% manganese, 0.80%～1.20% chromium, 0.15%～0.35% molybdenum, 0～0.025% phosphorus, 0～0.025% sulphur, 0～2.0ppm hydrogen, 0～0.50% nickel, 0～0.035% vanadium, 0～0.35% bronze medal, 0～1.0% residual elements: niobium, titanium and aluminium, and all the other are Fe;
(2) valve seat forging stock step (1) obtained is expanded hydrogen heat treatment;
(3) valve seat forging stock step (2) obtained carries out roughing and removes the forging stock casting skin, obtains the valve seat blank;
(4) valve seat blank step (3) obtained carries out normalizing;
(5) valve seat blank step (4) obtained utilizes water-cooled and three circular gap quenching technicals of air cooling to carry out quenching heat treatment, three circular gap quenching technicals of described water-cooled and air cooling specifically comprise the following steps: the valve seat forging stock after step (4) normalized treatment is heated to hardening heat insulation, come out of the stove, then enter for the first time successively water cooling, go out for the first time water-air cooling, enter for the second time water cooling, go out for the second time water-air cooling, enter for the third time water cooling, go out for the third time water-air cooling, enter to be water-cooled to room temperature the 4th time, wherein, entering for the first time water-cooled time t estimates by t=K*D according to empirical equation, wherein, the low-alloy steel COEFFICIENT K is 0.8～1.6s/mm, the diameter that D is the valve seat forging stock, the unit of D is mm, t is the quench water cool time, the unit of t is second, air cooling time is for entering for the first time 1/2～1/3 of the water cooling time for the first time, after this entering the water cooling time in each circulation successively decreases by 0.8～0.7 of previous circulation, the water outlet air cooling time increases progressively by 1.5～2 of last circulation,
(6) the valve seat forging after step (5) is processed is heated to 650-670 ℃ and also is incubated at least 680 minutes, the air cooling of coming out of the stove, to room temperature, obtains described deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat steel forgings.
2. the manufacture method of steel forgings for deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described in step (2) radially the cross forging method comprise the following steps:
A, by blank jumping-up vertically;
B, along two, the cross section orthogonal diametric(al) upsetting pull repeatedly of described blank;
C, extract the valve seat forging stock vertically.
3. the manufacture method of steel forgings for deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, expanding hydrogen heat treatment described in step (2) specifically comprises the following steps: the valve seat forging stock that step (1) is obtained advances stove and is heated to 880 ± 20 ℃ of insulations more than 360 minutes, air cooling to 300 ± 20 ℃ insulation at least 180 minutes, and then being heated to 650 ± 20 ℃ of insulations at least 720 minutes, stove is chilled to 400 ± 20 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove.
4. the manufacture method of steel forgings for deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described in step (4), normalizing specifically comprises the following steps: the valve seat forging stock that step (3) is obtained is heated to 900 ± 20 ℃, and also insulation is after at least 420 minutes, and the air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature.
5. the manufacture method of steel forgings for deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, before three circular gap quenching technicals of water-cooled and air cooling described in step (5), the valve seat forging stock that step (4) is obtained is heated to 870 ± 10 ℃ and also is incubated at least 300 minutes, be cooled to 800 ± 10 ℃ of insulations at least 120 minutes, then utilize three circular gap quenching technicals of described water-cooled and air cooling to carry out quenching heat treatment to the valve forging stock.
6. the manufacture method of steel forgings for deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (5), utilize three circular gap quenching technicals of described water-cooled and air cooling to carry out in the process of quenching heat treatment, the water temperature of quenching during beginning is lower than 38 ℃, and the water temperature of quenching during end is lower than 49 ℃.
7. the manufacture method of steel forgings for deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, utilize three circular gap quenching technicals of described water-cooled and air cooling to carry out in the process of quenching heat treatment, enter for the first time water cooling, enter water cooling for the second time and enter for the third time in water-cooled process, water is carried out to stir process, wherein, the stirring flow velocity of water is more than or equal to 0.4 meter per second, while entering water cooling the 4th time, stops stirring.
8. the manufacture method of steel forgings for deep-sea oil recovery equipment valve seat as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described blank is AISI4130MOD.
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| CN105671431B (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2017-04-19 | 南京工程学院 | Manufacturing method of steel and forge piece thereof for valve seat of deep sea oil extraction equipment |
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| CN102071367B (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2012-04-04 | 南京迪威尔重型锻造股份有限公司 | Steel forging manufacturing process for deep-sea Christmas tree equipment connectors |
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