CN103018821A - Polarization maintaining optical fiber with small bending radius and manufacture method of polarization maintaining optical fiber - Google Patents
Polarization maintaining optical fiber with small bending radius and manufacture method of polarization maintaining optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN103018821A CN103018821A CN2012105447578A CN201210544757A CN103018821A CN 103018821 A CN103018821 A CN 103018821A CN 2012105447578 A CN2012105447578 A CN 2012105447578A CN 201210544757 A CN201210544757 A CN 201210544757A CN 103018821 A CN103018821 A CN 103018821A
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011022 opal Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01211—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube
- C03B37/01217—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube for making preforms of polarisation-maintaining optical fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
- C03B37/027—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres
- C03B37/02709—Polarisation maintaining fibres, e.g. PM, PANDA, bi-refringent optical fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/10—Internal structure or shape details
- C03B2203/12—Non-circular or non-elliptical cross-section, e.g. planar core
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/30—Polarisation maintaining [PM], i.e. birefringent products, e.g. with elliptical core, by use of stress rods, "PANDA" type fibres
- C03B2203/31—Polarisation maintaining [PM], i.e. birefringent products, e.g. with elliptical core, by use of stress rods, "PANDA" type fibres by use of stress-imparting rods, e.g. by insertion
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- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a polarization maintaining optical fiber with a small bending radius and a manufacture method of the polarization maintaining optical fiber and relates to the field of optical fiber manufacture. The polarization maintaining optical fiber comprises a silica cladding, a core layer, a second silica cladding ring, a third fluorine-doped silica cladding ring and two stress cat eyes are sequentially arranged in the silica cladding from inside to outside, and the two stress cat eyes are in central symmetry with the core layer. By means of the manufacture method, the bending radius of the manufactured polarization maintaining optical fiber is smaller than 5mm, operating wavelength of the polarization maintaining optical fiber is 1550nm, and supplementary deterioration of the polarization maintaining optical fiber is under 0.4dB/km. According to the polarization maintaining optical fiber, under the condition that the bending radius is small, low-loss information transmission of the polarization maintaining optical fiber is achieved, low supplementary deterioration and good crosstalk characteristics of the polarization maintaining optical fiber are guaranteed, fiber optic sensors with small sizes can be manufactured by means of the polarization maintaining optical fiber, and requirements of users are satisfied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fiber manufacturing field, relate in particular to a kind of small-bend radius polarization maintaining optical fibre and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
PMF(Polarization Maintaining Optical Fiber, polarization-maintaining fiber) be called for short polarization maintaining optical fibre, along with the deep development of optical communication field, polarization maintaining optical fibre is widely applied with its good birefringence effect and linear polarization hold facility.
At present, comparatively common polarization maintaining optical fibre comprises covering, the stress appendix that its inside is provided with fibre core and is oppositely arranged along the fiber core radius direction.The refractive index contrast of fibre core and covering is 0.3%～0.5%, is spaced apart 6 μ m～17 μ m between the stress appendix that is oppositely arranged, and the diameter of each stress appendix is 21 μ m～32 μ m.This polarization maintaining optical fibre not only has good polarization retention performance, and has lower junction loss.
Along with fiber optic sensing device (for example optical fibre gyro) develops to miniaturization gradually, fiber optic sensing device is had higher requirement to the bending radius of polarization maintaining optical fibre.But above-mentioned polarization maintaining optical fibre is in the situation that guarantees additional attenuation, and its minimum bending radius is greater than 7.5mm.When the bending radius of polarization maintaining optical fibre when 7.5mm is following, the additional attenuation of polarization maintaining optical fibre not only can reach 1dB/km(decibel/km) more than, additional attenuation is higher, and the cross-talk of polarization maintaining optical fibre is greater than-20dB/km, cross talk characteristic is lower, and the changing value of polarization maintaining optical fibre cross-talk is greater than 5dB.
Because above-mentioned polarization maintaining optical fibre is difficult to guarantee its performance when bending radius is less, therefore above-mentioned polarization maintaining optical fibre is difficult to produce the less fiber optic sensing device of size, and fiber optic sensing device is difficult to can't satisfy people's demand to the miniaturization development.
Summary of the invention
For the defective that exists in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of small-bend radius polarization maintaining optical fibre and manufacture method thereof.Can be in the less situation of bending radius by the polarization maintaining optical fibre that method of the present invention produces, realize the low-loss communication of polarization maintaining optical fibre, polarization maintaining optical fibre not only can guarantee that its additional attenuation is lower, and cross talk characteristic is better, can produce the less fiber optic sensing device of size, satisfy people's demand.
For reaching above purpose, small-bend radius polarization maintaining optical fibre provided by the invention: comprise the 3rd quartzy covering ring of mixing fluorine, also comprise quartzy covering, mix the stress opal of sandwich layer, the second quartzy covering ring and two boron-dopings of germanium; Be provided with successively from the inside to the outside sandwich layer, the second quartzy covering ring, the 3rd quartzy covering ring and stress opal in the described quartzy covering, described stress opal arranges along the sandwich layer Central Symmetry, and the bending radius of described polarization maintaining optical fibre is less than 5mm; The operation wavelength of described polarization maintaining optical fibre is 1310nm, and its additional attenuation is below 0.6dB/km; The operation wavelength of described polarization maintaining optical fibre is 1550nm, and its additional attenuation is below 0.4dB/km.
On the basis of technique scheme, the refractive index of the described second quartzy covering ring and quartzy covering is identical.
On the basis of technique scheme, the radius ratio of the described second quartzy covering ring and sandwich layer is 1.5～1.0, the radius ratio of the described the 3rd quartzy covering ring and sandwich layer is 1.5～3.0, half of bee-line and the ratio of sandwich layer radius are 2.0～4.0 between two stress opals, and the radius ratio of described stress opal and sandwich layer is 2.0～8.0.
On the basis of technique scheme, the refractive index contrast of described sandwich layer and quartzy covering is 0.32%～1.5%, the refractive index contrast of the described the 3rd quartzy covering ring and quartzy covering is-1.5%～-0.3%, and the refractive index contrast of described stress opal and quartzy covering is-1.0%～-0.3%.
On the basis of technique scheme, the radius of described quartzy covering is 20um, 40um or 62.5um.
The manufacture method of polarization maintaining optical fibre provided by the invention may further comprise the steps:
A, put sleeve pipe in the plug outside, form solid bar, described sleeve pipe forms quartzy covering; Described plug comprises sandwich layer, the second quartzy covering ring and the 3rd quartzy covering ring; B, axially offer two stress through holes on solid bar, described stress through hole arranges along the sandwich layer Central Symmetry; Respectively the stress rods of two boron-dopings is combined with a stress through hole and forms the stress opal; C, under 2000 ℃～2300 ℃ temperature, will be drawn into bare fibre after the described solid bar melting, draw rate is 50m/min～350m/min, draw tension is 50g～180g; Air pressure in the pulling process in the described stress opal of control is identical, and keeping the interior air pressure of stress opal and the pressure difference of ambient pressure is 0.0001Mpa～0.01Mpa;
D, under 1200 ℃～1800 ℃ temperature, with the bare fibre stress relieving by annealing, coating and outer layer coating in the bare fibre outside applies from the inside to the outside successively, formation polarization maintaining optical fibre; The bending radius of described polarization maintaining optical fibre is less than 5mm, and the operation wavelength of described polarization maintaining optical fibre is 1310nm, and its additional attenuation is below 0.6dB/km; The operation wavelength of described polarization maintaining optical fibre is 1550nm, and its additional attenuation is below 0.4dB/km.
On the basis of technique scheme, the using plasma of plug described in steps A chemical vapour deposition technique is made in conjunction with the sleeve pipe method.
On the basis of technique scheme, the boron-doping in silicon dioxide of the using plasma of stress rods described in step B method is made.
On the basis of technique scheme, the air pressure identical process of control described in the step C in the described stress opal comprises: with two stress through holes tail pipe that continues respectively, every tail pipe is respectively by a voltage indicating device control air pressure, and all voltage indicating device controls are all coordinated control by a pressure controller.
On the basis of technique scheme, the Young modulus of interior coating is 0.1Mpa～50Mpa described in the step D, and the Young modulus of described outer layer coating is 0.3Gpa～1.0Gpa.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) polarization maintaining optical fibre of the present invention is provided with the 3rd quartzy covering ring of mixing fluorine between sandwich layer and stress opal, the 3rd quartzy covering ring not only can effectively promote the counter-bending ability of polarization maintaining optical fibre, and other stress that reduced outside the de-stress opal that polarization maintaining optical fibre is subject to disturb, alleviated because of extraneous factor change bring the disturbance of polarization maintaining optical fibre cross-talk, effectively promoted the cross-talk stability of polarization maintaining optical fibre.
(2) polarization maintaining optical fibre of the present invention is in manufacture process, and two stress opals are connected with two voltage indicating devices respectively, and two voltage indicating devices are all by a pressure controller control.Be drawn in the process of bare fibre at solid bar, each voltage indicating device is independently controlled the air pressure in the stress opal, in case two air pressure differences that the stress opal is interior can be adjusted two voltage indicating devices by pressure controller.Therefore polarization maintaining optical fibre can guarantee constantly that during fabrication the air pressure in two stress opals is identical, not only can realize the in the same size of two stress opals, and the size of two stress opals is all remained in the rational scope.In sum, polarization maintaining optical fibre of the present invention not only cross talk characteristic is better, and the stability of the cross-talk of polarization maintaining optical fibre when crooked and temperature variation better.
(3) polarization maintaining optical fibre of the present invention is in manufacture process, and under 1200 ℃～1800 ℃ temperature, with other interference stress outside the opal that eliminates stress after the bare fibre annealing, most stress that the sandwich layer of polarization maintaining optical fibre is subject to come from the stress opal; And the passivation that can become after the annealing of stress opal, it is stable that the stress opal not only can keep when end surface grinding, can not burst.
(4) the bend-insensitive characteristic of polarization maintaining optical fibre of the present invention and cross-talk stability characteristic (quality) are better, and the bending radius of polarization maintaining optical fibre minimum is below 5mm.When the operation wavelength of polarization maintaining optical fibre was 1310nm, its added losses were below 0.6dB, and the cross-talk the when cross-talk when its bending radius is 5mm is 60mm with bending radius is compared, and the cross-talk when bending radius is 5mm changes below 3dB/km; When the operation wavelength of polarization maintaining optical fibre was 1550nm, its added losses were below 0.4dB, and the cross-talk the when cross-talk when its bending radius is 5mm is 60mm with bending radius is compared, and the cross-talk when bending radius is 5mm changes below 3dB/km.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of polarization maintaining optical fibre of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the waveguiding structure synoptic diagram of polarization maintaining optical fibre of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that polarization maintaining optical fibre of the present invention draws moulding;
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of the operation wavelength of polarization maintaining optical fibre of the present invention when being 1310nm;
Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram of the operation wavelength of polarization maintaining optical fibre of the present invention when being 1550nm.
Among the figure: the quartzy covering of 1-, 2-sandwich layer, 3-the second quartzy covering ring, 4-stress opal, 5-the 3rd quartzy covering ring, 6-solid bar, 7-stress rods, 8-tail pipe, 9-bores end, 10-voltage indicating device, 11-pressure controller, 12-bare fibre, the 13-attemperator, 14-tester, 15-coating unit, 16-solidification equipment, the 17-deflecting roller, the 18-tensiometer, the 19-traction wheel, 20-leads tow wheel, the 21-locating wheel, 22-receives wire tray tool, 23-heating arrangement.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described in further detail.
The computing method of refractive index contrast at first are described.
Refractive index contrast adopts formula to be: the * 100% of Δ=(n1-n2)/(n1+n2)
Δ represents refractive index contrast in the above-mentioned formula, and n2 represents the refractive index of quartzy covering 1; When the refractive index contrast between calculating sandwich layer 2 and the quartzy covering 1, the n1 in the above-mentioned formula represents the refractive index of sandwich layer 2; When the refractive index contrast between calculating the 3rd quartzy covering ring 5 and the quartzy covering 1, the n1 in the above-mentioned formula represents the refractive index of the 3rd quartzy covering ring 5; When the refractive index contrast between calculated stress opal 4 and the quartzy covering 1, the n1 in the above-mentioned formula represents the refractive index of stress opal 4.
Referring to shown in Figure 1, the polarization maintaining optical fibre in the embodiment of the invention comprises quartzy covering 1, and quartzy covering 1 inside is provided with sandwich layer 2, the second quartzy covering ring 3 of mixing germanium, the 3rd quartzy covering ring 5 of mixing fluorine and the stress opal 4 of boron-doping from the inside to the outside successively; Stress opal 4 is two, and two stress opals 4 are along sandwich layer 2 Central Symmetry settings.The bending radius of polarization maintaining optical fibre is less than 5mm; The operation wavelength of polarization maintaining optical fibre is 1310nm, and its additional attenuation is below 0.6dB/km; The operation wavelength of polarization maintaining optical fibre is 1550nm, and its additional attenuation is below 0.4dB/km.
Referring to Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, the radius of sandwich layer 2 is that r1, its refractive index are n1; The radius of the second quartzy covering ring 3 is that r2, its refractive index are n2; The radius of the 3rd quartzy covering ring 5 is that r3, its refractive index are n3; Half of bee-line is that r4, its refractive index are n4 between two stress opals 4; The radius of stress opal 4 is that r5, its refractive index are n5; The radius of quartzy covering 1 is that r6, its refractive index are n6; Wherein the refractive index of n2, n4 and n6 is identical.
The radius of quartzy covering 1 is 20um, 40um or 62.5um; For the bend-insensitive characteristic that realizes the polarization maintaining optical fibre waveguide and good cross-talk with clap long performance, the second quartzy covering ring 3 is 1.5～1.0 with the radius ratio of sandwich layer 2, the 3rd quartzy covering ring 5 is 1.5～3.0 with the radius ratio of sandwich layer 2, half of bee-line and the ratio of sandwich layer 2 radiuses are 2.0～4.0 between two stress opals 4, and stress opal 4 is 2.0～8.0 with the radius ratio of sandwich layer 2.In order to realize the good mode field diameter of polarization maintaining optical fibre, cutoff wavelength, cross-talk performance and clap the property such as long that the second quartzy covering ring 3 is identical with the refractive index of quartzy covering 1; Refractive index contrast between sandwich layer 2 and the quartzy covering 1 is 0.32%～1.5%, refractive index contrast between the 3rd quartzy covering ring 5 and the quartzy covering 1 is-1.5%～-0.3%, and the refractive index contrast between stress opal 4 and the quartzy covering 1 is-1.0%～-0.3%.
Referring to Fig. 1, shown in Figure 3, the manufacture method of polarization maintaining optical fibre in the embodiment of the invention may further comprise the steps:
S101: the using plasma chemical vapour deposition technique is made plug in conjunction with the sleeve pipe legal system, and plug comprises sandwich layer 2, the second quartzy covering ring 3 and the 3rd quartzy covering ring 5, puts sleeve pipe in the plug outside, forms solid bar 6, and sleeve pipe forms quartzy covering 1.
S102: axially offer two stress through holes on solid bar 6, described stress through hole is along sandwich layer 2 Central Symmetry settings, adopts diamond head when offering the stress through hole, and in conjunction with machinery location, infrared induction location and electronic-controlled.
S103: the stress rods 7 of two boron-dopings is made in the boron-doping in silicon dioxide of using plasma method, and the homogeneity of the stress rods 7 that the using plasma method is made is better.The surface of stress rods 7 is processed, make the external diameter of stress rods 7 less than aperture 0.1 mm of stress through hole～0.2mm, each stress rods 7 is combined with a stress through hole forms stress opal 4.
S104: with the top of each stress through hole on the solid bar 6 or the bottom tail pipe 8 that continues, tail pipe 8 is made by quartz; Solid bar 6 and tail pipe 8 meltings are integrated.
S105: solid bar 6 is not had an end of tail pipe 8 be drawn into cone end 9 at lathe, in order to draw polarization maintaining optical fibre.
S106: every tail pipe 8 is connected with a voltage indicating device 10, and all voltage indicating devices 10 all are connected with a pressure controller 11, form polarization-preserving fiber preform.
S107: polarization-preserving fiber preform is placed on the wire-drawer-tower, draws after high-temperature fusion under 2000 ℃～2300 ℃ the temperature through heating arrangement 23 and form bare fibre 12; In the pulling process, when the radius of quartzy covering 1 was 62.5um, draw rate was 50m/min～300m/min, and draw tension is 60g～180g; When the radius of quartzy covering 1 was 40um, draw rate was 50m/min～350m/min, and draw tension is 50g～150g; When the radius of quartzy covering 1 was 20um, draw rate was 50m/min, and draw tension is 50g.
In the pulling process, air pressure by voltage indicating device 10 control tail pipes 8 and the stress opal 4 corresponding with tail pipe 8, keep the air pressure of two stress opals 4 and the pressure difference of ambient pressure to be 0.0001Mpa～0.01Mpa, so that the diameter of two stress opals 4 of good control.Air pressure difference in the pulling process as in two stress opals of discovery 4 can be regulated by 11 pairs of voltage indicating devices 10 of pressure controller, and is identical to guarantee the air pressure in two stress opals 4.
S108: be 1200 ℃～1800 ℃ attemperator 13 with bare fibre 12 through excess temperature, bare fibre 12 is annealed in attemperator 13 and is eliminated stress, so that the stress that only has stress opal 4 to produce in the bare fibre 12.
S109: bare fibre 12 is applied interior coating and outer layer coating to bare fibre 12 through 15, two coating units 15 of two coating units after instrument 14 tests after tested successively from the inside to the outside successively; When applying interior coating and outer layer coating, the coating processes of employing is wet humidification coating processes or dried humidification coating processes, and the curing mode of employing is ultra-violet curing mode or heat curing mode.Be coated with the bare fibre 12 of interior coating and outer layer coating after solidification equipment 16 solidifies, form polarization maintaining optical fibre; The bending radius of polarization maintaining optical fibre is less than 5mm, and when the operation wavelength of polarization maintaining optical fibre was 1310nm, its additional attenuation was below 0.6dB/km; When the operation wavelength of polarization maintaining optical fibre was 1550nm, its additional attenuation was below 0.4dB/km.Polarization maintaining optical fibre is pressed preset sequence by locating wheel 21 and is received silk on receipts wire tray tool 22 successively through deflecting roller 17, tensiometer 18, traction wheel 19 with after leading tow wheel 20.
The Young modulus of interior coating is 0.1Mpa～50Mpa, and the Young modulus of interior coating is lower, can cushion the stress in the external world that polarization maintaining optical fibre is subject to.Outer coating material can be the coating material of normal temperature work according to different demands, also can be high temperature resistant work coating material; The Young modulus of outer layer coating is 0.3Gpa～1.0Gpa, and the Young modulus of outer layer coating is higher, can form rigid structure, and then bears the extraneous stress that produces, and reduces polarization maintaining optical fibre and is subject to extraneous interference.
Below by three specific embodiments the present invention is specifically described.
Embodiment 1: the radius of quartzy covering 1 is 40um.
The using plasma chemical vapour deposition technique is made plug in conjunction with the sleeve pipe legal system, and plug comprises sandwich layer 2, the second quartzy covering ring 3 and the 3rd quartzy covering ring 5; Put sleeve pipe in the plug outside, form solid bar 6, sleeve pipe forms quartzy covering 1.Axially offer two stress through holes on solid bar 6, described stress through hole is along sandwich layer 2 Central Symmetry settings, adopts diamond head when offering the stress through hole, and in conjunction with machinery location, infrared induction location and electronic-controlled.
The stress rods 7 of two boron-dopings is made in the boron-doping in silicon dioxide of using plasma method, and the homogeneity of the stress rods 7 that the using plasma method is made is better.The surface of stress rods 7 is processed, make the external diameter of stress rods 7 less than aperture 0.1 mm of stress through hole, each stress rods 7 is combined with a stress through hole forms stress opal 4.With the top (head end) of each stress through hole on the solid bar 6 tail pipe 8 that continues, tail pipe 8 is made by quartz; Solid bar 6 and tail pipe 8 meltings are integrated.Solid bar 6 bottoms (tail end) are drawn into cone end 9 at lathe, in order to draw polarization maintaining optical fibre.
Every tail pipe 8 is connected with a voltage indicating device 10, and all voltage indicating devices 10 all are connected with a pressure controller 11, form polarization-preserving fiber preform.Polarization-preserving fiber preform is placed on the wire-drawer-tower, draws after high-temperature fusion under 2000 ℃～2300 ℃ the temperature through heating arrangement 23 and form bare fibre 12, draw rate is 50m/min～350m/min, and draw tension is 50g～150g.In the pulling process, be-0.01Mpa by the air pressure in voltage indicating device 10 control tail pipes 8 and the stress opal 4; As it is rear less than another stress through hole to find that a stress through hole shrinks, and when causing sandwich layer 2 distortion, regulates the voltage indicating device 10 corresponding with less stress through hole by pressure controller 11, and the pressure of these voltage indicating device 10 outputs is turned down.
Air pressure difference in the pulling process as in two stress opals of discovery 4 can be regulated by 11 pairs of voltage indicating devices 10 of pressure controller, and is identical to guarantee the air pressure in two stress opals 4.When drawing the tail end of polarization-preserving fiber preform, the air pressure in two tail pipes 8 need to reduce, and this moment, the controlled pressure controller 11, so that the minimum that two tail pipe 8 internal gas pressures reduce is-0.001Mpa.
Through attemperator 13, attemperator 13 is 1800 ℃ near the temperature of top with bare fibre 12, and the temperature of close below is 1500 ℃, and bare fibre 12 is annealed in attemperator 13 and eliminated stress; Bare fibre 12 is applied interior coating and outer layer coating from the inside to the outside, and the Young modulus of interior coating is 0.1Mpa～50Mpa, and the Young modulus of outer layer coating is 0.3Gpa～1.0Gpa.Be coated with the bare fibre 12 of interior coating and outer layer coating after solidification equipment 16 solidifies, form polarization maintaining optical fibre; Polarization maintaining optical fibre is pressed preset sequence by locating wheel 21 and is received silk on receipts wire tray tool 22 successively through deflecting roller 17, tensiometer 18, traction wheel 19 with after leading tow wheel 20.
Now adopt said method to make five polarization maintaining optical fibres, its parameter is shown in Table 1, and its additional attenuation and added losses are referring to Fig. 4, (along slope coordinate represents additional attenuation among Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, and lateral coordinates represents added losses) shown in Figure 5.Referring to table 1, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 as can be known, for the optical fiber 1 and optical fiber 5 of 1310nm, the additional attenuation of optical fiber 1 and optical fiber 5 is respectively 0.53dB/km and 0.43dB/km, all less than 0.6dB/km for operation wavelength.Be under the condition of 5mm in bending radius, the added losses of optical fiber 1 and optical fiber 5 are respectively 0.71dB and 0.75dB, less than 0.8dB; Optical fiber 1 and the cross-talk of optical fiber 5 when bending radius is 5mm are that the absolute value variable quantity of 60mm is respectively 2.78dB/km and 2.75dB/km with respect to bending radius, all less than 3.0dB/km.For optical fiber 2, optical fiber 3 and the optical fiber 4 of 1550nm, the additional attenuation of optical fiber 2, optical fiber 3 and optical fiber 4 is respectively 0.35dB/km, 0.39dB/km and 0.38dB/km, all less than 0.4dB/km for operation wavelength.Be under the condition of 5mm in bending radius, the crooked added losses of optical fiber 2, optical fiber 3 and optical fiber 4 are respectively 0.80dB, 0.85dB and 0.91dB; Optical fiber 2, optical fiber 3 and the cross-talk of optical fiber 4 when bending radius is 5mm are that the absolute value variable quantity of the cross-talk of 60mm is respectively 2.73dB/km, 2.75dB/km and 2.77dB/km with respect to bending radius.
The polarization maintaining optical fibre parameter list that quartzy covering 1 radius of table 1 is 40um
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| r1?um | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 7.5 |
| △n1 | 1.25% | 1.00% | 0.85% | 0.50% | 0.32% |
| r2/r1 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.0 |
| r3/r1 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.5 |
| △n3 | -1.50% | -1.25% | -1.00% | -0.50% | -0.50% |
| r4/r1 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.0 |
| r5/r1 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 2.0 |
| △n5 | -1.00% | -0.90% | -0.75% | -0.50% | -0.40% |
| Drawing speed m/ |
50 | 100 | 150 | 220 | 350 |
| Drawing |
50 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 |
| Interior coating Young modulus Mpa | 50 | 20 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| Outer layer coating Young modulus Gpa | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
R1 is the sandwich layer radius in the table 1; △ n1 is the refractive index contrast of sandwich layer 2 and quartzy covering 1; R2/r1 is the radius ratio of the second quartzy covering ring 3 and sandwich layer 2; R3/r1 is the radius ratio of the 3rd quartzy covering ring 5 and sandwich layer 2; △ n3 is the refractive index contrast of the 3rd quartzy covering ring 5 and quartzy covering 1; R4/r1 is half of bee-line and the ratio of sandwich layer 2 radiuses between two stress opals 4; R5/r1 is the radius ratio of stress opal 4 and sandwich layer 2; △ n5 is the refractive index contrast of stress opal 4 and quartzy covering 1.
Embodiment 2: the radius of quartzy covering 1 is 62.5um.
The using plasma chemical vapour deposition technique is made plug in conjunction with the sleeve pipe legal system, and plug comprises sandwich layer 2, the second quartzy covering ring 3 and the 3rd quartzy covering ring 5; Put sleeve pipe in the plug outside and form solid bar 6, sleeve pipe forms quartzy covering 1.Axially offer two stress through holes on solid bar 6, described stress through hole is along sandwich layer 2 Central Symmetry settings, adopts diamond head when offering the stress through hole, and in conjunction with machinery location, infrared induction location and electronic-controlled.
The stress rods 7 of two boron-dopings is made in the boron-doping in silicon dioxide of using plasma method, and the homogeneity of the stress rods 7 that the using plasma method is made is better.The surface of stress rods 7 is processed, make the external diameter of stress rods 7 less than aperture 0.2 mm of stress through hole, each stress rods 7 is combined with a stress through hole forms stress opal 4.With the top (head end) of each stress through hole on the solid bar 6 tail pipe 8 that continues, tail pipe 8 is made by quartz; Solid bar 6 and tail pipe 8 meltings are integrated.Solid bar 6 bottoms (tail end) are drawn into cone end 9 at lathe, in order to draw polarization maintaining optical fibre.
Every tail pipe 8 is connected with a voltage indicating device 10, and all voltage indicating devices 10 are connected with a pressure controller 11, form polarization-preserving fiber preform.Polarization-preserving fiber preform is placed on the wire-drawer-tower, is to draw after the high-temperature fusion under the condition of 5mm to form bare fibre 12 in bending radius through heating arrangement 23, and draw rate is 50m/min～300m/min, and draw tension is 60g～180g.In the pulling process, by the air pressure in voltage indicating device 10 control tail pipes 8 and the stress opal 4 be-0.005Mpa; As it is rear less than another stress through hole to find that a stress through hole shrinks, and when causing sandwich layer 2 distortion, regulates the voltage indicating device 10 corresponding with less stress through hole by pressure controller 11, and the pressure of these voltage indicating device 10 outputs is turned down.
Air pressure difference in the pulling process as in two stress opals of discovery 4 can be regulated by 11 pairs of voltage indicating devices 10 of pressure controller, and is identical to guarantee the air pressure in two stress opals 4.When drawing the tail end of polarization-preserving fiber preform, the air pressure in two tail pipes 8 need to reduce, and this moment, the controlled pressure controller 11, so that the minimum that two tail pipe 8 internal gas pressures reduce is-0.001Mpa.
Through attemperator 13, attemperator 13 is 1700 ℃ near the temperature of top with bare fibre 12, and the temperature of close below is 1200 ℃, and bare fibre 12 is annealed in attemperator 13 and eliminated stress; Bare fibre 12 is applied interior coating and outer layer coating from the inside to the outside, and the Young modulus of interior coating is 0.1Mpa～50Mpa, and the Young modulus of outer layer coating is 0.3Gpa～1.0Gpa.Be coated with the bare fibre 12 of interior coating and outer layer coating after solidification equipment 16 solidifies, form polarization maintaining optical fibre; Polarization maintaining optical fibre is pressed preset sequence by locating wheel 21 and is received silk on receipts wire tray tool 22 successively through deflecting roller 17, tensiometer 18, traction wheel 19 with after leading tow wheel 20.
Now adopt said method to make five polarization maintaining optical fibres, its parameter is shown in Table 2, and its additional attenuation and added losses are referring to Fig. 4, (along slope coordinate represents additional attenuation among Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, and lateral coordinates represents added losses) shown in Figure 5.
Referring to table 2, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 as can be known, for the optical fiber 6 and optical fiber 10 of 1310nm, the additional attenuation of optical fiber 6 and optical fiber 10 is respectively 0.45dB/km and 0.53dB/km, all less than 0.6dB/km for operation wavelength.Be under the condition of 5mm in bending radius, the added losses of optical fiber 6 and optical fiber 10 are respectively 0.76dB and 0.79dB, less than 0.8dB; Absolute value variable quantity when optical fiber 6 and the cross-talk of optical fiber 10 when bending radius is 5mm are 60mm with respect to bending radius is respectively 2.72dB/km and 2.77dB/km, all less than 3.0dB/km.For optical fiber 7, optical fiber 8 and the optical fiber 9 of 1550nm, the additional attenuation of optical fiber 7, optical fiber 8 and optical fiber 9 is respectively 0.31dB/km for operation wavelength, and 0.35dB/km and 0.36dB/km are all less than 0.4dB/km.Be under the condition of 5mm in bending radius, the crooked added losses of optical fiber 7, optical fiber 8 and optical fiber 9 are respectively 0.87dB, 0.92dB and 0.98dB; Optical fiber 7, optical fiber 8 and the cross-talk of optical fiber 9 when bending radius is 5mm are that the absolute value variable quantity of the cross-talk of 60mm is respectively 2.63dB/km with respect to bending radius, and 2.55dB/km and 2.87dB/km are all less than 3dB/km.
Quartzy covering 1 radius of table 2 is the parameter list of the polarization maintaining optical fibre of 62.5um
| Optical fiber 6 | Optical fiber 7 | Optical fiber 8 | |
|
|
| r1（um） | 3.5 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 |
| △n1 | 1.50% | 1.00% | 0.85% | 0.50% | 0.32% |
| r2/ |
1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.5 |
| r3/r1 | 1.5 | 2 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 3 |
| △n3 | -1.25% | -1.00% | -0.80% | -0.50% | -0.30% |
| r4/r1 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 |
| r5/r1 | 8.0 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 2.5 |
| △n5 | -0.90% | -0.80% | -0.70% | -0.50% | -0.30% |
| Drawing speed m/ |
50 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 300 |
| Drawing |
60 | 80 | 100 | 120 | 180 |
| Interior coating Young modulus Mpa | 50.0 | 20.0 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| Outer layer coating Young modulus Gpa | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
R1 is the sandwich layer radius in the table 2; △ n1 is the refractive index contrast of sandwich layer 2 and quartzy covering 1; R2/r1 is the radius ratio of the second quartzy covering ring 3 and sandwich layer 2; R3/r1 is the radius ratio of the 3rd quartzy covering ring 5 and sandwich layer 2; △ n3 is the refractive index contrast of the 3rd quartzy covering ring 5 and quartzy covering 1; R4/r1 is half of bee-line and the ratio of sandwich layer 2 radiuses between two stress opals 4; R5/r1 is the radius ratio of stress opal 4 and sandwich layer 2; △ n5 is the refractive index contrast of stress opal 4 and quartzy covering 1.
Embodiment 3: the radius of quartzy covering 1 is 20um.
The present invention has also carried out the development of cladding radius 1 for the minimum polarization maintaining optical fibre of 20um.The radius of sandwich layer 2 is 3.0um, and sandwich layer 2 is 0.6% with the refractive index contrast of quartzy covering 1.The radius of the second quartzy covering ring 3 is 3.3um, and the second quartzy covering ring 3 is 1.1 with the radius ratio of sandwich layer 2.The radius of the 3rd quartzy covering ring 5 is 4.5um, and the radius ratio of the 3rd quartzy covering ring 5 and sandwich layer 2 is that the refractive index contrast of 1.5, the three quartzy covering rings 5 and quartzy covering 1 is-0.5%.Half of bee-line is 6.0um between two stress opals 4, and half of bee-line and the ratio of sandwich layer 2 radiuses are 2.0 between two stress opals 4.The radius of stress opal 4 is 6.0un, and stress opal 4 is 2.0 with the radius ratio of sandwich layer 2, and stress opal 4 and refractive index contrast quartzy covering 1 are-0.8%.When making this polarization maintaining optical fibre, attemperator 13 is 1500 ℃ near the temperature of top, and the temperature of close below is 1200 ℃; Interior coating adopts the 0.1Mpa Young modulus coating of ultra-soft, and outer layer coating adopts the coating of the Young modulus of extremely hard 1.0Gpa.
Draw rate when making this polarization maintaining optical fibre is 50m/min, and draw tension is 50g; In the pulling process, by the air pressure in voltage indicating device 10 control tail pipes 8 and the stress opal 4 be-0.0001Mpa.As it is rear less than another stress through hole to find that a stress through hole shrinks, and when causing sandwich layer 2 distortion, regulates the voltage indicating device 10 corresponding with less stress through hole by pressure controller 11, and the pressure of these voltage indicating device 10 outputs is turned down.
The operation wavelength of this polarization maintaining optical fibre is 1310nm, and the additional attenuation of this polarization maintaining optical fibre is 0.58dB/km; This polarization maintaining optical fibre is under the condition of 3mm in bending radius, and added losses are 0.72dB, and bending radius is that the cross-talk of 3mm and the absolute value of the cross-talk variable quantity that bending radius is 60mm are 2.85dB/km.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, and these improvements and modifications also are considered as within protection scope of the present invention.The content that is not described in detail in this instructions belongs to the known prior art of this area professional and technical personnel.
Claims (10)
1. a small-bend radius polarization maintaining optical fibre is characterized in that: comprise the 3rd quartzy covering ring (5) of mixing fluorine, also comprise quartzy covering (1), mix the stress opal (4) of sandwich layer (2), the second quartzy covering ring (3) and two boron-dopings of germanium; Be provided with successively from the inside to the outside sandwich layer (2), the second quartzy covering ring (3), the 3rd quartzy covering ring (5) and stress opal (4) in the described quartzy covering (1), described stress opal (4) is along sandwich layer (2) Central Symmetry setting, and the bending radius of described polarization maintaining optical fibre is less than 5mm; The operation wavelength of described polarization maintaining optical fibre is 1310nm, and its additional attenuation is below 0.6dB/km; The operation wavelength of described polarization maintaining optical fibre is 1550nm, and its additional attenuation is below 0.4dB/km.
2. polarization maintaining optical fibre as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described second quartzy covering ring (3) is identical with the refractive index of quartzy covering (1).
3. polarization maintaining optical fibre as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described second quartzy covering ring (3) is 1.5～1.0 with the radius ratio of sandwich layer (2), the described the 3rd quartzy covering ring (5) is 1.5～3.0 with the radius ratio of sandwich layer (2), half of bee-line and the ratio of sandwich layer (2) radius are 2.0～4.0 between two stress opals (4), and described stress opal (4) is 2.0～8.0 with the radius ratio of sandwich layer (2).
4. polarization maintaining optical fibre as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described sandwich layer (2) is 0.32%～1.5% with the refractive index contrast of quartzy covering (1), the described the 3rd quartzy covering ring (5) is-1.5%～-0.3% with the refractive index contrast of quartzy covering (1), and described stress opal (4) is-1.0%～-0.3% with the refractive index contrast of quartzy covering (1).
5. polarization maintaining optical fibre as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the radius of described quartzy covering (1) is 20um, 40um or 62.5um.
6. the manufacture method based on the arbitrary described polarization maintaining optical fibre of claim 1 to 5 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
A, put sleeve pipe in the plug outside, form solid bar, described sleeve pipe forms quartzy covering (1); Described plug comprises sandwich layer (2), the second quartzy covering ring (3) and the 3rd quartzy covering ring (5);
B, axially offer two stress through holes on solid bar, described stress through hole is along sandwich layer (2) Central Symmetry setting; Respectively the stress rods of two boron-dopings is combined with a stress through hole and forms stress opal (4);
C, under 2000 ℃～2300 ℃ temperature, will be drawn into bare fibre after the described solid bar melting, draw rate is 50m/min～350m/min, draw tension is 50g～180g; Air pressure in the pulling process in the described stress opal of control (4) is identical, and keeping the interior air pressure of stress opal (4) and the pressure difference of ambient pressure is 0.0001Mpa～0.01Mpa;
D, under 1200 ℃～1800 ℃ temperature, with the bare fibre stress relieving by annealing, coating and outer layer coating in the bare fibre outside applies from the inside to the outside successively, formation polarization maintaining optical fibre; The bending radius of described polarization maintaining optical fibre is less than 5mm, and the operation wavelength of described polarization maintaining optical fibre is 1310nm, and its additional attenuation is below 0.6dB/km; The operation wavelength of described polarization maintaining optical fibre is 1550nm, and its additional attenuation is below 0.4dB/km.
7. polarization maintaining optical fibre as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: the using plasma of plug described in steps A chemical vapour deposition technique is made in conjunction with the sleeve pipe method.
8. polarization maintaining optical fibre as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: the boron-doping in silicon dioxide of the using plasma of stress rods described in step B method is made.
9. polarization maintaining optical fibre as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the identical process of air pressure described in the step C in the control described stress opal (4) comprises: with two stress through holes tail pipe that continues respectively, every tail pipe is respectively by a voltage indicating device control air pressure, and all voltage indicating device controls are all coordinated control by a pressure controller.
10. polarization maintaining optical fibre as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: the Young modulus of coating is 0.1Mpa～50Mpa in described in the step D, and the Young modulus of described outer layer coating is 0.3Gpa～1.0Gpa.
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