CN103018645B - Device and method for testing artificial lightning injuries of carbon fiber composite material - Google Patents
Device and method for testing artificial lightning injuries of carbon fiber composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103018645B CN103018645B CN201310015398.1A CN201310015398A CN103018645B CN 103018645 B CN103018645 B CN 103018645B CN 201310015398 A CN201310015398 A CN 201310015398A CN 103018645 B CN103018645 B CN 103018645B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 208000025274 Lightning injury Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 6
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
The invention specifically discloses a device and method for testing artificial lightning injuries of a carbon fiber composite material. The testing device comprises an insulating support and a lightning triggering rod, an upper insulating protective plate and a lower insulating protective plate are arranged above and below the insulating support, a guide plate is grounded and arranged on the lower insulating protective plate which is provided with through holes, and one end of the lightning triggering rod penetrates through the upper insulating protective plate to be extended above the guide plate. The testing device is reliable in structure, safe and convenient to operate and capable of accurately evaluating lightning injury resistance and injury tolerance of the carbon fiber composite material, promoting further studies on the carbon fiber composite material and improving performance of the carbon fiber composite material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of testing of materials field experimental provision, particularly relate to artificial lightning damage proving installation and the method for testing of carbon fiber enhancement resin base composite material.
Background technology
Along with the development of aero-manufacturing technology, military aircraft or civil aircraft employs compound substance all in large quantities, especially high-performance carbon fibre compound substance, in " Dreamliner " Boeing 787, compound substance consumption is especially up to 50%.Compared with traditional metal materials, compound substance has specific strength and specific modulus is high, density is low, designability is strong, the character such as fatigue resistence and good corrosion resistance, is applied to more and more in aerospace industry.
Thunder and lightning is a kind of spontaneous phenomenon having destructive power.In general, on average just there are 1 thunderstruck chance at every 3000 pilot time to 1 airplane, especially in many thunderstorm areas.The report that aircraft is struck by lightning is of common occurrence.Lightning protection is research & development in flight and one of the key factor that must consider in producing.
In order to improve the combination property of aircraft, reduce aircraft weight, modern airliner employs advanced composite material more and more.A large amount of uses of composite element significantly enhance the combination property of aircraft, but the electric conductivity of compound substance and thermal conductivity poorer than metal material, and present anisotropic feature, the electric current discharged in lightning stroke process can not be eliminated by discharge brush in time, the electric charge be trapped on composite element likely breaks through clearance for insulation, rush at conductor, produce spark, even contact fuel tank and combustion explosion, the possibility caused the accident after aircraft encounter is struck by lightning increases, and therefore the lightning Protection problem of composite element causes the special concern of people.In order to improve aircraft safety, the artificial lightning damage test of compound substance becomes important topic.Any advanced composite material (ACM) all has to pass through lightning test before applying aboard, and there are complicated thunderbolt simulation and testing apparatus in the aircraft manufacturing such as Boeing, Air Passenger commercial city.Under the overall background of " large aircraft " national key special subjects and material technology " compoundization of structure function " development trend, artificial lightning damage test is carried out to carbon fibre composite, contribute to improving its electrical and thermal conductivity performance, ensure its security of applying aboard.
Thunder and lightning is the phenomenon that sparks, voltage high (hundreds of thousands volt), electric current greatly (training of several Wan An), destruction is strong, laboratory and planemaker carry out the lightning stroke process of artificial simulating nature circle by high voltage or high current generation device, be used for the anti-lightning ability of test compound material, improve material property with this.Manual simulation's material suffers lightning stroke process to need two parts experimental provision: artificial thunder and lightning generation equipment (such as, impulse voltage generator SJTU-3000kV) and sample testing device.Impulse voltage generator and impulse current generator can produce the manual simulation's thunder and lightning meeting the standards such as IEC60060-1, IEC61000-4-5, DL/T848.5-2004, GB/T311, GB/T16927.1-1997, for materials and devices lightning test.Artificial thunder and lightning can produce high voltage or high electric current, and the danger of experiment is high, singularity strong, can not use the proving installation of the compositions such as traditional fixing and supporting mechanism, conducting channel, isolation protection structure, test instrumentation.In order to fully guarantee safety, design a kind of reliably, easily the artificial lightning damage proving installation of carbon fibre composite seem very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, for solving the problems of the technologies described above, provides a kind of artificial lightning damage proving installation and method of testing of carbon fibre composite.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The artificial lightning damage proving installation of carbon fibre composite of the present invention, comprise insulating support and attracting thunder needle, insulating protective plate is provided with at the top of insulating support, bottom is provided with lower insulating protective plate, the upper surface of lower insulating protective plate is provided with fair water fin, described fair water fin ground connection, one end of described attracting thunder needle is through upper insulating protective plate, extend into the top of fair water fin, the other end of attracting thunder needle is connected with artificial thunder and lightning generation equipment, and the circuit connected is provided with current measuring instrument, described fair water fin is connected with artificial thunder and lightning generation equipment, and the circuit connected is provided with pressure measuring instrument.
Described insulating support is provided with visual windows, and the position corresponding with visual windows is provided with ccd video camera, and described ccd video camera is located at the outside of insulating support.
Described attracting thunder needle has sebific duct through the part cover of upper insulating protective plate, and the height of attracting thunder needle has sebific duct and distance block co-controlling.
Described upper insulating protective plate, the center of lower insulating protective plate are processed with through hole.
Described fair water fin and attracting thunder needle all adopt conduction and the good pure copper material of thermal conductivity.
What described sebific duct adopted is polyurethane elastomer.
Described upper insulating protective plate, lower insulating protective plate, insulating support, all adopt high strength epoxy resin or phenolic resin material.
Device described in utilization carries out the method for artificial lightning damage test, comprises the steps:
(1) test unit is prepared
(1-1) lower insulating protective plate is placed on experiment table, on lower insulating protective plate, places fair water fin and insulating support successively;
(1-2) composite sample to be measured is placed on the upper surface center of fair water fin, then fixes, and place distance block at composite sample center according to design pitch;
(1-3) sebific duct is inserted in the central through hole of upper insulating protective plate, make both close contacts also reliable fixing;
(1-4) be placed on insulating support by upper insulating protective plate, in adjustment, the position of insulating protective plate makes sebific duct be positioned at directly over distance block;
(1-5) in sebific duct, insert attracting thunder needle from top to bottom, until the tip of attracting thunder needle contacts with the upper surface of distance block, fixing attracting thunder needle, prevents from gliding or deflection;
(1-6) connect fair water fin, attracting thunder needle, current measuring instrument, pressure measuring instrument and the wire/ground wire manually between thunder and lightning generation equipment, place ccd video camera;
(1-7) pump distance block, open ccd video camera, carry out lightning test;
(2) measure test figure, calculate lightning discharge energy
(2-1) measure the total voltage change in lightning stroke process with pressure measuring instrument, measure the total current change in lightning stroke process with current measuring instrument;
(2-2) the gross energy pressure measuring instrument in lightning stroke process, the data of current measuring instrument calculate, E=∫ uidt, and in formula, u represents the transient voltage in a certain moment, and i represents the transient current in a certain moment, and t represents the lightning discharge time.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Parts assembly and disassembly in this device are convenient, are easy to change each parts, distance between fine adjustment attracting thunder needle and sample, efficiently, easily can also change test sample, and test various physical dimension, different types of compound substance.Upper insulating protective plate, lower insulating protective plate, insulating support, all adopt high strength epoxy resin or the phenolic resin material of good insulating, the inner glass fabric containing good insulating, high temperature resistant, high pressure resistant, long service life, dimensionally stable.The center of upper and lower insulating protective plate is all processed with through hole, and insulating support is processed with visual windows, is convenient to ccd video camera and records thunder-strike phenomenon.Fair water fin and attracting thunder needle all adopt conduction and the good pure copper material of thermal conductivity, effects on surface grinding process.Copper coin is for placing composite sample and reliable ground; Attracting thunder needle is for generation of thunderbolt electric arc.
Sebific duct attracting thunder needle being reliably fixed on upper insulating protective plate adopts high performance polyurethane elastomer, and it closely can contact with attracting thunder needle, relies on stiction to prevent the gliding dislocations of attracting thunder needle.Meanwhile, coordinate distance block, can facilitate, accurately regulate and control distance between attracting thunder needle and composite sample, the normal distance be used between the discharge tip of research attracting thunder needle and composite sample is on the impact of electric arc and compound substance lightning damage.Distance block is the rectangular parallelepiped with stainless steel material grinding, and the height of these distance blocks is different, for the distance between the discharge tip of fine adjustment attracting thunder needle and composite sample.
In order to calculate the energy conversion relation of lightning stroke process, voltage and current measurement instrument is connected with high-voltage generator or high current feedback circuit, and connects computing machine, automatically records electric current and voltage size and the waveform of discharge process.Ccd video camera be used for automatically record thunderbolt time gap discharge, smoldering of composite sample catch fire and various dynamic deformation phenomenon.
By this device, the artificial lightning damage process of compound substance can be studied, thus the anti-lightning performance of optimal design compound substance.This proving installation structure is reliable, easy-to-operate, can the lightning damage impedance of accurate evaluation carbon fibre composite and damage tolerance, promotes the further investigation of carbon fibre composite, improves the performance of carbon fibre composite.
The aspect of research is as follows:
1. Material Physics parameter (anisotropic conductivity, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity), sample geometric parameter (length, width, highly), the factors such as material preparation process parameter (laying angle, overlay thickness, fiber volume fraction) are on the impact of the artificial lightning damage of carbon fibre composite;
2. there is destruction pattern (degree of depth, area, position, shape etc.) and the micromechanism of damage of artificial lightning damage in composite sample;
3. the distance between the discharge tip of attracting thunder needle and composite sample is on the impact of electric arc and compound substance lightning damage;
4. the energy of manual simulation's thunderbolt, voltage and current size and voltage current waveform are on the impact of the artificial lightning damage of carbon fibre composite.
Based on experimental study, analyze lightning stroke process various factors, inquire into the failure mechanism of thunderbolt to compound substance, set up the mathematical model of the artificial lightning damage of carbon fibre composite, the anti-lightning performance of optimal design compound substance, for the application of carbon fibre composite in Aero-Space provides experimental data and theoretical foundation, thus promote the application of compound substance in fields such as China's Aero-Space, automobile, building, wind-powered electricity generations and popularization.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the artificial lightning damage proving installation of carbon fibre composite of the present invention.
In figure, 1, attracting thunder needle; 2, sebific duct; 3, upper insulating protective plate; 4, insulating support; 5, composite sample; 6, fair water fin; 7, lower insulating protective plate; 8, current measuring instrument; 9, pressure measuring instrument; 10, artificial thunder and lightning generation equipment; 11, through hole; 12, ccd video camera; 13, distance block.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail:
The artificial lightning damage proving installation of carbon fibre composite of the present invention, comprise attracting thunder needle 1 and insulating support 4, be provided with on insulating support 4 insulating protective plate 3, below be provided with lower insulating protective plate 7, lower insulating protective plate 7 is provided with fair water fin 6, described lower insulating protective plate 7 is provided with through hole 11, fair water fin 6 ground connection, one end of attracting thunder needle 1, through upper insulating protective plate 3, extend into the top of fair water fin 6.The other end of attracting thunder needle 1 is connected with artificial thunder and lightning generation equipment 10, and the circuit connected is provided with current measuring instrument 8.Described fair water fin 6 connects sample to be tested and ground wire, and the circuit connected is provided with pressure measuring instrument 9.Insulating support 4 is provided with visual windows, and the position corresponding with visual windows is provided with ccd video camera 12, and described ccd video camera 12 is located at the outside of insulating support 4.Attracting thunder needle 1 has sebific duct 2 through the part cover of upper insulating protective plate 3.The center of upper insulating protective plate 3 and lower insulating protective plate 7 is all processed with through hole.Fair water fin 6 and attracting thunder needle 1 all adopt conduction and the good pure copper material of thermal conductivity.What sebific duct 2 adopted is polyurethane elastomer.Upper insulating protective plate 3, lower insulating protective plate 7, insulating support 4, all adopt high strength epoxy resin or phenolic resin material, and distance block 13 is stainless steel material.
Artificial thunder and lightning generation equipment 10 adopts: impulse voltage generator SJTU-3000kV.
This device is used for the artificial lightning damage test of compound substance, comprises the steps:
(1) test unit is prepared
(1-1) lower insulating protective plate 7 is placed on experiment table, places fair water fin 6 and insulating support 4 successively.
(1-2) composite sample 5 to be measured is placed on the upper surface center of fair water fin 6, then fixes, and place distance block 13 at composite sample 5 center according to design pitch.
(1-3) sebific duct 2 is inserted in the central through hole of upper insulating protective plate 3, make both close contacts and reliably fix.
(1-4) be placed on insulating support 4 by upper insulating protective plate 3, in adjustment, the position of insulating protective plate 3 makes sebific duct 2 be positioned at directly over distance block 13.
(1-5) in sebific duct 2, insert attracting thunder needle 1 from top to bottom, until the tip of attracting thunder needle 1 contacts with the upper surface of distance block 13, fixing attracting thunder needle 1, prevents from gliding or deflection.
(1-6) according to the circuit shown in Fig. 1, connect fair water fin 6, attracting thunder needle 1, current measuring instrument 8, pressure measuring instrument 9 and the wire/ground wire manually between thunder and lightning generation equipment 10, place ccd video camera 12.
(1-7) pump distance block 13, open ccd video camera 12, carry out lightning test.
(2) measure test figure, calculate lightning discharge energy
(2-1) measure the total voltage change in lightning stroke process with pressure measuring instrument 9, measure the total current change in lightning stroke process with current measuring instrument 8.
(2-2) the gross energy pressure measuring instrument 9 in lightning stroke process, the data of current measuring instrument 8 calculate, E=∫ uidt, and in formula, u represents the transient voltage in a certain moment, and i represents the transient current in a certain moment, and t represents the lightning discharge time.
Claims (8)
1. the artificial lightning damage proving installation of a carbon fibre composite, it is characterized in that: comprise insulating support and attracting thunder needle, insulating protective plate is provided with at the top of insulating support, bottom is provided with lower insulating protective plate, the upper surface of lower insulating protective plate is provided with fair water fin, described fair water fin ground connection, one end of described attracting thunder needle is through upper insulating protective plate, extend into the top of fair water fin, simultaneously, coordinate distance block, convenient, accurately regulate and control the distance between attracting thunder needle and composite sample, be used for studying the impact on electric arc and compound substance lightning damage of normal distance between the discharge tip of attracting thunder needle and composite sample, the other end of described attracting thunder needle is connected with artificial thunder and lightning generation equipment, and the circuit connected is provided with current measuring instrument, and described fair water fin is connected with artificial thunder and lightning generation equipment, and the circuit connected is provided with pressure measuring instrument.
2. lightning damage proving installation as claimed in claim 1 artificial, is characterized in that: described insulating support is provided with visual windows, and position corresponding to visual windows is provided with ccd video camera, and described ccd video camera is located at the outside of insulating support.
3. artificial lightning damage proving installation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described attracting thunder needle has sebific duct through the part cover of upper insulating protective plate.
4. artificial lightning damage proving installation as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: what described sebific duct adopted is polyurethane elastomer.
5. artificial lightning damage proving installation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the center of described upper insulating protective plate is processed with through hole.
6. lightning damage proving installation as claimed in claim 1 artificial, is characterized in that: described fair water fin and attracting thunder needle all adopt conduction and the good pure copper material of thermal conductivity.
7. artificial lightning damage proving installation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described upper insulating protective plate, lower insulating protective plate, insulating support, all adopts high strength epoxy resin or phenolic resin material.
8. utilize the device described in claim 1 to carry out the method for artificial lightning damage test, comprise the steps:
(1) test unit is prepared
(1-1) lower insulating protective plate is placed on experiment table, on lower insulating protective plate, places fair water fin and insulating support successively;
(1-2) composite sample to be measured is placed on the upper surface center of fair water fin, then fixes, and place distance block at composite sample center according to design pitch;
(1-3) sebific duct is inserted in the central through hole of upper insulating protective plate, make both close contacts also reliable fixing;
(1-4) be placed on insulating support by upper insulating protective plate, in adjustment, the position of insulating protective plate makes sebific duct be positioned at directly over distance block;
(1-5) in sebific duct, insert attracting thunder needle from top to bottom, until the tip of attracting thunder needle contacts with the upper surface of distance block, fixing attracting thunder needle, prevents from gliding or deflection;
(1-6) connect fair water fin, attracting thunder needle, current measuring instrument, pressure measuring instrument and the wire/ground wire manually between thunder and lightning generation equipment, place ccd video camera;
(1-7) pump distance block, open ccd video camera, carry out lightning test;
(2) measure test figure, calculate lightning discharge energy
(2-1) measure the total voltage change in lightning stroke process with pressure measuring instrument, measure the total current change in lightning stroke process with current measuring instrument;
(2-2) the gross energy pressure measuring instrument in lightning stroke process, the data of current measuring instrument calculate, E=∫ uidt, and in formula, u represents the transient voltage in a certain moment, and i represents the transient current in a certain moment, and t represents the lightning discharge time.
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| CN201310015398.1A CN103018645B (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2013-01-16 | Device and method for testing artificial lightning injuries of carbon fiber composite material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104020322B (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2017-02-15 | 山东大学 | Manual lightning stroke simulating test fixture made of fiber reinforced composite material, and method |
| CN105158572B (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2018-02-27 | 西安交通大学 | The lower impedance operator measuring method of carbon fibre composite non-destructive lightning current effect and measurement apparatus |
| CN105093015B (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2018-12-07 | 西安交通大学 | Two electrodes measurement method of carbon fibre composite laminate DC low current C-V characteristic and device |
| CN105300583B (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2017-10-20 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of impact force measurements device and method of carbon fibre composite |
| US10317353B2 (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2019-06-11 | The Boeing Company | Method and system for non-destructive testing |
| CN109781786B (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2020-08-21 | 西安交通大学 | Multi-factor evaluation method for lightning damage under action of multiple continuous lightning current components considering nonlinear impedance of carbon fiber composite material |
| CN109765268B (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2020-12-15 | 西安交通大学 | Method for evaluating lightning damage of carbon fiber composite material under action of single lightning current component |
| CN109598069B (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2022-12-13 | 西安交通大学 | Carbon fiber composite material lightning damage assessment method considering nonlinear impedance characteristics |
| CN109783847B (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2020-12-29 | 西安交通大学 | Method for evaluating multiple influence factors of damage of carbon fiber composite material under action of multiple continuous lightning current components |
| CN109783848B (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2022-04-05 | 西安交通大学 | Method for calculating damage of carbon fiber composite material under action of single slow-rising lightning current component |
| CN110539895B (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2022-08-30 | 国营芜湖机械厂 | Method for repairing damage of aluminum-sprayed layer on outer surface of composite structure of airplane |
| CN111323569B (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2022-03-15 | 上海市避雷装置检测站工程部 | Experimental platform for testing glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material by lightning strike |
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| JP2002286783A (en) * | 2001-03-26 | 2002-10-03 | Seiko Epson Corp | Test method of ferroelectric material and testing device |
| CN102189997A (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-21 | 永济新时速电机电器有限责任公司 | Lightning protection complete vehicle and rail vehicle |
| CN101839938A (en) * | 2010-04-15 | 2010-09-22 | 西安爱邦电磁技术有限责任公司 | Method for testing airplane model lightning current distribution by utilizing thermal infrared imager |
| CN102087322B (en) * | 2010-11-19 | 2012-11-07 | 北京航空航天大学 | Lightning effect test device for dynamic airplane |
| CN203037808U (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2013-07-03 | 山东大学 | Artificial lightning stroke damage testing arrangement of carbon-fiber composite |
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