CN111609957B - Device and method for measuring impact force and response time of lightning stroke on carbon fiber laminated plate - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring impact force and response time of lightning stroke on carbon fiber laminated plate Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/16—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezoelectric devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/02—General constructional details
- G01R1/18—Screening arrangements against electric or magnetic fields, e.g. against earth's field
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring impact force and response time of a carbon fiber laminated plate under strong electromagnetic interference caused by lightning stroke, wherein the impact force acting on a tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate is transmitted to a piezoelectric sensing unit with a metal shielding shell, so that the impact force of the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate can be measured without being influenced by strong lightning current electromagnetic interference; obtaining a mathematical analysis formula between lightning impact force born by the tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate and lightning current electrical parameters by adjusting the amplitude of lightning current output by the controllable-strength lightning current generator; by changing the distance between the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate and the piezoelectric sensor, the response time characteristic of the lightning impact force and the relevant rules between the lightning impact force and the lightning damage form and damage degree are obtained, and theoretical support is provided for the mechanism research of the lightning damage effect of the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of measuring the mechanical effect of lightning stroke on materials, relates to a method for measuring the effect of lightning stroke impact force on a carbon fiber composite material, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring the impact force and response time of the lightning stroke on a carbon fiber laminated plate under strong electromagnetic interference.
Background
The carbon fiber composite material has the characteristics of low density, high strength, high modulus, high temperature resistance, chemical corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to various fields of aerospace, military, civil industry and the like. With the increasing use of carbon fiber composites in aircraft, such as large aircraft structures, high intensity lightning strikes can cause severe damage to the carbon fiber composites such as fiber breakage, resin pyrolysis, deep delamination, and the like. Therefore, the lightning damage and protection of the carbon fiber composite material become technical problems which restrict the performance improvement and application of the carbon fiber composite material.
The direct effect of lightning on the airplane comprises the magnetic field force and the joule heat effect caused by large current and the impact force effect of lightning high-voltage shock waves. The SAE of the American society of mechanical Engineers, the MIL STD of the American military standard and the EUROCAE of the European civil aviation organization make detailed regulations on test waveforms and test methods of lightning direct effects of airplanes and parts thereof, and the damage caused by resin pyrolysis and carbon fiber sublimation under the condition of lightning thermal effect of the carbon fiber composite material is explained through experiments and simulation calculation research of the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material at present. But for the lightning strike adhesion process, whether the lightning strike force formed by the ionization of the channel gas due to high voltage is related to the fracture delamination damage of the carbon fibers? The current publications are not well defined; in addition, the patent ZL 201510579759.4 discloses a method for lightning impact force of carbon fiber composite materials, but has the following problems:
(1) the clamping method of the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate comprises the step of clamping up and down, namely lightning strike is injected from one surface of the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate and flows out from the other plane of the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate, and the lightning impact force measured by the clamping mode cannot completely represent the impact force when the actual large airplane structure is subjected to lightning.
(2) The carbon fiber laminated plate below is the metal flat plate electrode, set up the circular or square slotted hole of installation insulation board in flat plate electrode central authorities, set up the slotted hole of installation piezoelectric sensor in the central authorities of insulation board, the surface parallel and level of piezoelectric sensor and the surface of insulation board and with the carbon-fibre composite laminated plate in close contact with of being tried, but because in the experimental study, the weight of carbon fiber laminated plate is lighter for carbon fiber laminated plate is not fastening contact with impact force piezoelectric sensor's contact, it is great to cause the impact force dispersibility that measures, the thunder and lightning impact force of the thunderbolt to carbon fiber laminated plate of unable accurate representation.
(3) Because the lightning impulse force piezoelectric sensor is placed in a strong electromagnetic environment of lightning impulse of the carbon fiber laminated plate, strong electromagnetic interference exists in a signal of lightning impulse force extracted by the piezoelectric sensor, and large deviation of impulse force measurement is caused.
(4) In the action process of lightning stroke and the carbon fiber composite material, the instantaneous relation of lightning impact force to lightning current response time cannot be accurately given, and the research on the lightning damage mechanism of the lightning stroke and the carbon fiber composite material and the design of the carbon fiber lightning protection material and the protection structure are directly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a device and a method for measuring the impact force and response time of lightning strike on a carbon fiber laminated plate under strong electromagnetic interference, so that the lightning impact force and the deformation degree borne by the carbon fiber composite laminated plate to be tested under the action of lightning impact can be accurately obtained, and the response time characteristic of the lightning impact force on lightning current can be obtained.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical application:
the device for measuring the impact force and response time of lightning stroke on the carbon fiber laminated plate under strong electromagnetic interference comprises a controllable strength lightning current generator, a carbon fiber composite material experiment clamp, a lightning impact force transmission unit, a piezoelectric sensing unit with a shield, a lightning current measuring sensor and a computer control and analysis processing unit;
the carbon fiber composite material experiment clamp comprises an insulating support and an insulating cover plate, two ends of a tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate are horizontally clamped by the carbon fiber composite material experiment clamp, the insulating cover plate is arranged above the tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate, two horizontal ends of the tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate are respectively connected with a low-voltage end of a controllable strength lightning current generator through metal connecting strips or blocks and are connected with a reference ground, and a lightning current measuring sensor is sleeved on a connecting line of the low-voltage end of the controllable strength lightning current generator and the metal connecting strips or blocks at the two ends;
the high-voltage output end of the controllable-strength lightning current generator is connected with a metal rod-shaped electrode, the metal rod-shaped electrode is arranged on the insulating cover plate, and the metal rod-shaped electrode is vertical to the surface of the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate and is opposite to the center of the upper surface of the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate at a certain distance;
the lightning impact force transmission unit is closely contacted with the center of the lower surface of the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate, and the impact force of lightning current on the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate is transmitted to the piezoelectric sensing unit with the shield by the lightning impact force transmission unit;
the computer control and analysis processing unit is used for monitoring and controlling the working process of the controllable-strength lightning current generator, detecting lightning current parameters which are extracted by the lightning current measuring sensor and act on the carbon fiber composite laminated plate to be tested, and obtaining lightning current impact force which is formed on the carbon fiber composite laminated plate to be tested by lightning current impact measured by the belt-shielding piezoelectric sensing unit.
Further, the piezoelectric sensing unit with the shielding comprises a metal shielding shell, a piezoelectric sensor and a BNC coaxial connector; the piezoelectric sensor is arranged on an insulating bottom plate which is fixedly arranged on the surface of a metal shielding shell, the BNC coaxial connector is arranged on one side of the piezoelectric sensor, and the shell of the BNC coaxial connector is electrically connected with the metal shielding shell and connected with a system reference ground; the lightning impact force transmission unit insulating rod penetrates through the metal shielding shell to be in close contact with the piezoelectric sensor, and when lightning current acts on the tested carbon fiber composite laminated board, the lightning impact force is output by the BNC coaxial connector, wherein piezoelectric signals formed in the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the belt shielding piezoelectric sensing unit.
Further, the metal shielding case is made of a ferromagnetic material; the piezoelectric sensor is made of piezoelectric crystal, piezoelectric ceramic or piezoelectric film material.
Furthermore, the controllable intensity lightning current generator is composed of a controllable charging power supply, an energy storage capacitor, a discharging switch, a waveform forming component and a discharging voltage sensor.
Further, the computer control and analysis processing unit comprises a programmable control unit, an oscilloscope and an industrial control computer; the computer control and analysis processing unit monitors the working process of the controllable strength lightning current generator through the discharge voltage sensor, controls the magnitude of charging voltage of a controllable charging power supply of the controllable strength lightning current generator to the energy storage capacitor through the control programmable control unit, and inputs lightning current and impact force acting on the tested carbon fiber composite laminated board into the oscilloscope after being extracted through the lightning current measuring sensor and the shielded piezoelectric sensing unit respectively, and the oscilloscope transmits an acquisition result to the industrial control computer.
Further, the distance between the metal rod-shaped electrode and the surface of the carbon fiber composite material laminated plate to be tested can be adjusted.
Further, the lightning impact force transmission unit is an insulating rod made of polytetrafluoroethylene, epoxy or nylon, and the cross section of the lightning impact force transmission unit is circular or square.
A computer control and analysis processing unit monitors and controls a controllable-strength lightning current generator to perform lightning current discharge on a tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate, lightning current parameters acting on the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate and formed lightning impact force are extracted by a lightning current measuring sensor and a shielded piezoelectric sensing unit respectively and then are sent to the computer control and analysis processing unit, and rules between the lightning impact force born by the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate and lightning current parameters flowing through the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate and rules of influences of structural parameters of an insulating rod of a lightning impact force transmission unit on the lightning impact force response time are obtained through processing and analysis.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) connecting a controllable strength lightning current generator, a metal rod-shaped electrode, a tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate, a lightning impact force transmission unit and a piezoelectric sensing unit with shielding together according to requirements;
(2) controlling the charging voltage at two ends of an energy storage capacitor of the controllable-intensity lightning current generator through a programmable control unit of the computer control and analysis processing unit, so that the impact intensity applied to the tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate and the lightning impulse current flowing through the tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate reach different amplitudes;
(3) the industrial control computer receives a lightning current signal from the lightning current measuring sensor through the oscilloscope, and simultaneously receives a piezoelectric output signal corresponding to lightning current electrical parameters from the piezoelectric sensor;
(4) the industrial control computer processes and analyzes the received signals to obtain the deformation or impact force borne by the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate and lightning current parameters acting on the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate, and the mathematical analytic expression between the lightning impact force and the lightning current parameters of the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate is obtained through analysis and processing of the industrial control computer;
(5) under the action of lightning current impact of a certain lightning current electrical parameter, obtaining a mathematical analysis formula between lightning impact response time and lightning impact transmission unit structural parameters by changing the structural parameters of the lightning impact unit insulating rod;
(6) in the process of the relation rule experiment between the lightning impact force and the lightning current parameters, the lightning damage appearance, the lightning damage area and the damage depth of the tested carbon fiber composite material laminate caused under the action of different lightning current parameters are obtained by adopting a microscopic observation and electronic scanning method, so that the action rules of the lightning impact force and the lightning damage of the tested carbon fiber composite material laminate are obtained.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a device and a method for measuring impact force and response time of a lightning stroke on a carbon fiber laminated plate under strong electromagnetic interference, wherein the impact force of the lightning stroke on the tested carbon fiber laminated plate is transmitted to a piezoelectric sensing unit with shielding through an insulating rod with a certain length and a certain section, and the piezoelectric sensing unit is provided with a metal shielding shell for inhibiting external strong electromagnetic interference, so that the impact force measurement of the tested carbon fiber laminated plate can be prevented from being influenced by strong lightning current electromagnetic interference.
The tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate is clamped at the two horizontal ends, and the impact force generated by lightning current impact is measured through the piezoelectric sensing unit with the electromagnetic shielding function, so that the lightning impact force and the deformation degree borne by the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate under the action of lightning impact can be accurately obtained, and meanwhile, the response time characteristic of the lightning impact force to the lightning current is obtained.
Meanwhile, a mathematical analysis formula between lightning impact force born by the tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate and lightning current electrical parameters is obtained by adjusting the amplitude of lightning current output by the lightning current generator with controllable intensity; reach the structural parameter that changes the insulator bar between carbon fiber composite laminate and the piezoelectric sensor through changing the distance between carbon fiber composite laminate and the piezoelectric sensor that is being tested such as length, obtain the response time characteristic between thunder and lightning impact force transmission unit and the thunder and lightning galvanic electricity parameter, also can obtain the influence law of thunder and lightning impact force to carbon fiber composite lightning damage appearance and damage degree simultaneously, the blank in this field can be filled to this technique, provide theoretical support for the mechanism research of carbon fiber composite laminate lightning damage effect that is being tested.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the impact force and response time of a lightning strike on a carbon fiber laminate under strong electromagnetic interference according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a clamping test article of a device for measuring impact force and response time of a carbon fiber laminated plate under strong electromagnetic interference;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a piezoelectric sensing unit with shielding according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the controllable intensity lightning current generator of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the computer control and analysis processing unit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for measuring impact force and response time of a lightning stroke on a carbon fiber laminate under strong electromagnetic interference according to the invention;
wherein: 1 is a controllable strength lightning current generator; 2, a tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate; 3 is a lightning impact force transmission unit; 4 is a piezoelectric sensing unit with shielding; 41 is a metal shielding shell; 42 is a piezoelectric sensor; 43 is BNC coaxial connector; 5 is a lightning current measuring sensor; 6 is a computer control and analysis processing unit; 7 is a controllable charging power supply; 8 is an energy storage capacitor; 9 is a discharge switch; 10 is a waveform forming element; 11 is a discharge voltage sensor; 12 is a metal rod-shaped electrode; 13 is an insulating bracket; 14 is a metal connecting strip or block; 15 is an insulating cover plate; 16 is a programmable control unit; 17 is an oscilloscope; and 18 is an industrial control computer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the device for measuring the impact force and response time of a lightning stroke on a carbon fiber laminated plate under strong electromagnetic interference comprises a controllable strength lightning current generator 1, a carbon fiber composite laminated plate to be tested 2, a lightning impact force transmission unit 3, a belt shielding piezoelectric sensing unit 4, a lightning current measuring sensor 5 and a computer control and analysis processing unit 6; the high-voltage output end of the controllable-intensity lightning current generator 1 is connected with the metal rod-shaped electrode 12, the metal rod-shaped electrode 12 is installed on an insulating cover plate 15 of the carbon fiber composite material experiment clamp, the metal rod-shaped electrode 12 is perpendicular to the surface of the tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate 2 and is right opposite to the center of the tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate 2, and the metal rod-shaped electrode 12 has a certain distance from the center of the tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate 2, and the distance can be adjusted.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the carbon fiber composite material experiment clamp is composed of a U-shaped insulating support 13, two test sample clamp metal connecting strips or blocks 14, an insulating cover plate 15 and the like. The carbon fiber composite material laminate 2 to be tested is horizontally clamped by a carbon fiber composite material experiment clamp, and two sides of the carbon fiber composite material laminate 2 to be tested are respectively connected with a metal connecting strip or block 14; the metal connecting strips or blocks 14 electrically connected with the two sides of the tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate 2 are respectively connected with the low-voltage end of the controllable-strength lightning current generator 1, or two connecting strips or blocks 14 electrically connected with the two sides of the tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate 2 are electrically connected firstly, then are connected with the low-voltage end of the controllable-strength lightning current generator 1, and are sleeved with the lightning current measuring sensor 5 on an electrical connection line.
Referring to fig. 3, the piezoelectric sensing unit with shield 4 is mainly composed of a metal shield case 41, a piezoelectric sensor 42, and a BNC coaxial connector 43. The piezoelectric sensor 42 is mounted on an insulating base plate fixedly mounted on the surface of the metallic shield case 41, the BNC coaxial connector 43 is disposed on one side of the piezoelectric sensor 42, and the case thereof is electrically connected to the metallic shield case 41 and connected to the system reference ground; an opening with the same cross section shape as the insulating rod of the lightning impact force transmission unit 3 is formed above the metal shielding shell and used for inserting the lightning current impact force transmission unit 3 into the piezoelectric sensor 42 to carry out mechanical structure installation; the upper end of an insulating rod of the lightning impact force transmission unit 3 is tightly contacted with the center of the lower surface of the tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate 2, and the lower end of the insulating rod of the lightning impact force transmission unit 3 is tightly contacted with the piezoelectric sensor 42 in the piezoelectric sensing unit 4 with shielding. When lightning current is applied to the carbon fiber composite laminate 2 to be tested, the piezoelectric signal formed in the upper and lower electrodes of the belt-shielded piezoelectric sensing unit 4 by the lightning impulse force is output by the BNC coaxial connector 43.
Referring to fig. 4, the controllable intensity lightning current generator 1 is composed of a controllable charging power supply 7, an energy storage capacitor 8, a discharging switch 9, a waveform forming component 10 and a discharging voltage sensor 11.
Referring to fig. 5, the computer control and analysis processing unit of the present invention includes an industrial control computer 18, a programmable control unit 16 and an oscilloscope 17; the working principle is as follows:
(1) the work of the controllable strength lightning current generator 1 is monitored by the discharge voltage sensor 11 and is controlled by the computer control and analysis processing unit 6, lightning current parameters acting on the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate 2 are detected by the lightning current measuring sensor 5, and lightning impact force formed by the lightning current output by the controllable strength lightning current generator 1 on the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate 2 is transmitted to the piezoelectric sensor 42 in the shielded piezoelectric sensing unit 4 through the lightning impact force transmission unit 3;
(2) the lightning current and the impact force acting on the tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate 2 are extracted by the lightning current measuring sensor 5 and the piezoelectric sensor 42 respectively and then input into the oscilloscope 17, and the oscilloscope 17 transmits the acquisition result to the industrial control computer 18;
(3) the industrial control computer 18 processes and analyzes the received lightning current and impact force signals acting on the carbon fiber composite laminate 2 to obtain the relationship between the lightning impact force borne by the carbon fiber composite laminate 2;
(4) the same method is suitable for obtaining the response time characteristic data between the structural parameters (mainly including the length of the insulating rod and the material) of the insulating rod of the lightning impact force transmission unit 3 and the lightning current parameters output by the lightning current generator 1 with controllable strength, so that the relevant rule between the lightning impact force and the lightning current parameters can be obtained.
Referring to fig. 6, the control process of the device for measuring impact force and response time of a lightning stroke on a carbon fiber laminated plate under strong electromagnetic interference of the invention is as follows: the computer control and analysis processing unit 6 controls the magnitude of the charging voltage of the controllable charging power supply 7 of the controllable strength lightning current generator 1 to the energy storage capacitor 8 by controlling the programmable control unit 16; when the charging voltage is increased to the preset impact strength or impact voltage, the computer control and analysis processing unit 6 controls the programmable logic control unit 16 to close the discharge switch 9, and the energy storage capacitor 8 discharges lightning current to the tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate 2 through the discharge switch 9 and the waveform forming component 10.
The specific control and measurement procedures are as follows:
(1) a controllable strength lightning current generator 1, a metal rod-shaped electrode 12, a tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate 2, a lightning impact force transmission unit 3 and a shielded piezoelectric sensing unit 4 are connected into a loop shown in figure 1.
(2) And inputting the intensity of lightning current impact or a discharge voltage value on a computer man-machine interaction display interface.
(3) The charging voltage at two ends of the energy storage capacitor 8 of the controllable strength lightning current generator 1 is controlled by the computer control and analysis processing unit 6 through the programmable control unit 16, so that the impact strength applied to the carbon fiber composite material laminated plate 2 to be tested and the lightning impulse current flowing through reach different amplitudes.
(4) The industrial control computer 18 receives the lightning current signal from the lightning current measuring sensor 5 via the oscilloscope 17, and at the same time, the industrial control computer may also receive the piezoelectric output signal corresponding to the lightning current electrical parameter from the piezoelectric sensor 42.
(5) The industrial control computer 18 processes and analyzes the received signals to obtain a set of deformation or impact force borne by the carbon fiber composite laminate 2 to be tested and lightning current electrical parameters acting on the carbon fiber composite laminate 2 to be tested, one of the main parameters is the amplitude of lightning current, and then the mathematical analytic formula between the lightning impact force and the lightning current parameters of the carbon fiber composite laminate to be tested can be obtained through the analysis and processing of the special software of the industrial control computer.
(6) Similarly, the process of the above process (1-5) is also suitable for the experiment and acquisition of the length of the insulating rod of the impact force transmission unit 3 and the response time characteristic parameter of the lightning impact force, so as to obtain the mathematical analytic expression of the lightning impact force to the lightning current parameter response time.
(7) In the process of the relation rule experiment between the lightning impact force and the lightning current parameters, the lightning damage appearance, the lightning damage area and the damage depth of the tested carbon fiber composite material laminate caused by different lightning current parameters are obtained by adopting a microscopic observation and electronic scanning method, so that the action rule of the lightning impact force and the lightning damage of the tested carbon fiber composite material laminate is obtained.
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The device for measuring the impact force and the response time of the lightning stroke on the carbon fiber laminated plate under strong electromagnetic interference is characterized in that: the lightning impulse force testing device comprises a controllable strength lightning current generator (1), a carbon fiber composite material experiment clamp, a lightning impulse force transmission unit (3), a shielded piezoelectric sensing unit (4), a lightning current measuring sensor (5) and a computer control and analysis processing unit (6);
the carbon fiber composite material experiment clamp comprises an insulating support (13) and an insulating cover plate (15), two ends of a tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate (2) are horizontally clamped by the carbon fiber composite material experiment clamp, the insulating cover plate (15) is arranged above the tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate (2), two horizontal ends of the tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate (2) are respectively connected with a low-voltage end of a controllable-strength lightning current generator (1) through a metal connecting strip or block (14) and are connected with a reference ground, and a lightning current measuring sensor (5) is sleeved on a connecting line of the low-voltage end of the controllable-strength lightning current generator (1) and the metal connecting strips or blocks at the two ends;
the high-voltage output end of the lightning current generator (1) with controllable intensity is connected with a metal rod-shaped electrode (12), the metal rod-shaped electrode (12) is arranged on an insulating cover plate (15), and the metal rod-shaped electrode (12) is vertical to the surface of the carbon fiber composite material laminated plate (2) to be tested and is opposite to the center of the upper surface of the carbon fiber composite material laminated plate (2) to be tested at a certain distance;
the lightning impact force transmission unit (3) is tightly contacted with the center of the lower surface of the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate (2), and the impact force of lightning current on the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate (2) is transmitted to the piezoelectric sensing unit (4) with the shield by the lightning impact force transmission unit (3);
the computer control and analysis processing unit (6) is used for monitoring and controlling the working process of the controllable-intensity lightning current generator (1), detecting lightning current parameters which are extracted by the lightning current measuring sensor (5) and act on the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate (2), and obtaining lightning current impact force which is formed on the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate (2) by lightning current impact measured by the shielding piezoelectric sensing unit (4).
2. The device for measuring impact force and response time of a lightning stroke on a carbon fiber laminated plate under strong electromagnetic interference according to claim 1, wherein: the piezoelectric sensing unit (4) with the shielding comprises a metal shielding shell (41), a piezoelectric sensor (42) and a BNC coaxial connector (43); the piezoelectric sensor (42) is arranged on an insulating bottom plate which is fixedly arranged on the surface of the metal shielding shell (41), a BNC coaxial connector (43) is arranged and electrically connected at one side/end of the piezoelectric sensor (42), and the shell of the BNC coaxial connector is electrically connected with the metal shielding shell (41) and is connected with a system reference ground; the insulating rod of the lightning impact force transmission unit (3) penetrates through the metal shielding shell (41) to be in close contact with the piezoelectric sensor (42), and when lightning current acts on the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate (2), piezoelectric signals formed in the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the belt shielding piezoelectric sensing unit (4) by the lightning impact force are output by the BNC coaxial connector.
3. The device for measuring impact force and response time of a lightning stroke on a carbon fiber laminated plate under strong electromagnetic interference according to claim 2, wherein: the metallic shielding case (41) is made of a ferromagnetic material; the piezoelectric sensor (42) is made of piezoelectric crystal, piezoelectric ceramic or piezoelectric thin film material.
4. The device for measuring impact force and response time of a lightning stroke on a carbon fiber laminated plate under strong electromagnetic interference according to claim 1, wherein: the controllable intensity lightning current generator (1) is composed of a controllable charging power supply (7), an energy storage capacitor (8), a discharging switch (9), a waveform forming component (10) and a discharging voltage sensor (11).
5. The device for measuring impact force and response time of a lightning stroke on a carbon fiber laminated plate under strong electromagnetic interference according to claim 4, wherein: the computer control and analysis processing unit (6) comprises a programmable control unit (16), an oscilloscope (17) and an industrial control computer (18); the computer control and analysis processing unit (6) monitors the working process of the controllable strength lightning current generator (1) through the discharge voltage sensor (11), controls the magnitude of the charging voltage of the energy storage capacitor (8) through the controllable charging power supply (7) of the controllable strength lightning current generator (1) through the control programmable control unit (16), lightning current and impact force acting on the carbon fiber composite material laminated plate to be tested (2) are extracted through the lightning current measuring sensor (5) and the shielded piezoelectric sensing unit (4) respectively and then input into the oscilloscope (17), and the oscilloscope (17) transmits the acquisition result to the industrial control computer (18).
6. The device for measuring impact force and response time of a lightning stroke on a carbon fiber laminate under strong electromagnetic interference according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the distance between the metal rod-shaped electrode (12) and the surface of the carbon fiber composite material laminated plate (2) to be tested can be adjusted.
7. The device for measuring impact force and response time of a lightning stroke on a carbon fiber laminated plate under strong electromagnetic interference according to claim 6, wherein: the lightning impact force transmission unit (3) is an insulating rod made of polytetrafluoroethylene, epoxy or nylon, and the cross section of the lightning impact force transmission unit is circular or square.
8. A method for measuring impact force and response time of a lightning stroke on a carbon fiber laminated plate under strong electromagnetic interference based on the measuring device of claim 7, which is characterized in that: the computer control and analysis processing unit (6) monitors and controls the controllable strength lightning current generator (1) to carry out lightning current discharge on the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate (2), lightning current parameters acting on the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate (2) and formed lightning impact force are extracted through the lightning current measuring sensor (5) and the shielded piezoelectric sensing unit (4) respectively and then are sent to the computer control and analysis processing unit (6), rules between lightning impact force born by the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate (2) and lightning current parameters flowing through are obtained through processing and analysis, and the influence rule of structural parameters of the insulating rod of the lightning impact force transmission unit (3) on lightning impact force response time is obtained.
9. The method for measuring the impact force and the response time of the carbon fiber laminated plate under the strong electromagnetic interference of the lightning stroke according to claim 8 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) connecting a controllable-strength lightning current generator (1), a metal rod-shaped electrode (12), a tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate (2), a lightning impact force transmission unit (3) and a piezoelectric sensing unit (4) with shielding according to requirements;
(2) controlling the charging voltage at two ends of an energy storage capacitor (8) of the lightning current generator (1) with controllable intensity through a programmable control unit (16) of the computer control and analysis processing unit (6), so that the impact intensity applied to the carbon fiber composite material laminated plate (2) to be tested and the lightning impact current flowing through reach different amplitudes;
(3) the industrial control computer (18) receives a lightning current signal from the lightning current measuring sensor (5) through the oscilloscope (17), and simultaneously receives a piezoelectric output signal corresponding to a lightning current electrical parameter from the piezoelectric sensor (42);
(4) the industrial control computer (18) processes and analyzes the received signals to obtain the deformation or impact force borne by the tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate (2) and lightning current electrical parameters acting on the tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate (2), and the mathematical analytic expression between the lightning impact force and the lightning current parameters of the tested carbon fiber composite material laminated plate is obtained through the analysis and the processing of the industrial control computer;
(5) under the action of lightning current impact of a certain lightning current electrical parameter, the structural parameters of the insulating rod of the lightning impact force unit (3) are changed to obtain a mathematical analytic expression between the lightning impact force response time and the structural parameters of the lightning impact force transmission unit (3);
(6) in the process of a relation rule experiment between lightning impact force and lightning current parameters, the shape of lightning damage, the area of the lightning damage and the damage depth of the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate (2) caused by different lightning current parameters are obtained by adopting a microscopic observation and electronic scanning method, so that the action rule between the lightning impact force and the lightning damage of the tested carbon fiber composite laminated plate (2) is obtained.
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