CN109783847B - Method for evaluating multiple influence factors of damage of carbon fiber composite material under action of multiple continuous lightning current components - Google Patents
Method for evaluating multiple influence factors of damage of carbon fiber composite material under action of multiple continuous lightning current components Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating multiple influence factors of carbon fiber composite material damage under the action of multiple continuous lightning current components, which researches various influence factors of the carbon fiber composite material lightning damage under the action of multiple continuous lightning current components to obtain the relevant rules among the lightning damage area and the damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material, the peak value, the rising rate, the transferred charge quantity, the specific energy and the action gap distance of the multiple lightning current components, establishes a multi-factor evaluation model of the lightning damage under the action of the multiple continuous lightning current components on the basis, obtains the influence factors of the multiple factors of the lightning damage area and the damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material, the amplitude value, the rising rate, the charge transfer quantity, the specific energy, the action gap distance and the like of the multiple lightning current components and the mathematical expressions among the influence factors, and researches the lightning damage mechanism of the carbon fiber composite material, provides a theoretical basis for the research of the formula and the process of the carbon fiber composite laminated board.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to an assessment method for lightning damage of a carbon fiber composite material, and particularly relates to an assessment method for multiple influence factors of the damage of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of multiple continuous lightning current components.
Background
The carbon fiber composite material has the characteristics of low density, high strength, high modulus, high temperature resistance, chemical corrosion resistance and the like, has the soft processability of textile fibers, and is widely applied to various fields of aerospace, military, civil industry and the like. With the improvement of airplane design and the progress of carbon Fiber composite technology, the use amount of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) (carbon Fiber Reinforced polymers) in large civil aircrafts, military aircrafts, unmanned planes and stealth aircrafts is increasing continuously, from the use amount of CFRP in a DC-9 model of a wheat track company in 1960 to 50% of structures such as main wings, empennages, bodies, floors and the like of Boeing B787 in 2011, the CFRP material is used, and the proportion of the CFRP material on an airman A350XWA reaches 53%.
CFRP has poor electrical conductivity properties compared to aluminum, steel and titanium alloy materials traditionally used in aircraft. Generally, the CFRP laminate has a resistivity of 10 in the warp direction-5Resistivity of 10 in the order of Ω · m in the transverse plane direction-1The resistivity in the depth/thickness direction is larger in the order of Ω · m. This prevents the CFRP laminate from having the ability to rapidly transfer or diffuse the accumulated charge for a short period of time as in the case of a lightning strike as with metal materials, and this accumulated energy causes a sharp rise in the CFRP temperature in the form of joule heat, resulting in severe damage to the CFRP such as fiber breakage, resin pyrolysis, deep delamination, and the like.
The European Union and American military standards specify the direct test requirements of aircraft lightning and lightning current components, wherein the lightning current components comprise components A (first lightning strike-back component) or Ah (transition component of first lightning strike-back), B (intermediate current component), C/C (continuous current component) and D (subsequent strike-back component) current waves, and the lightning current components A, Ah and D waves are lightning current components with high peak values (200 kA, 150kA and 100kA respectively) and fast rising rates; the lightning current component B can be a double-exponential wave with the average current of 2kA, short rising time and duration of several milliseconds, and can also be a square wave current with slower rising; the lightning current component C is a current wave with a slow rise time and a duration of several hundred milliseconds.
Since the advent of CFRP, many researchers have focused their research on the study of mechanical properties to obtain the laws of relationships between mechanical impact parameters and tensile strength, compressive strength, and damage area and depth of CFRP. At present, the research on the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material obtains more and more extensive attention, and under the condition that the experimental means is lacked, many researchers preliminarily obtain the influence rule of the lightning damage area and the damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material through simulation calculation by establishing a thermoelectric coupling model of the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of a single lightning current component.
However, the quantitative relation between the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material and the peak value, the rising rate, the charge transfer capacity, the specific energy and the action clearance of the single lightning current component is not obtained, the lightning damage research literature reports of the multiple continuous lightning current components are few, the multi-influence factor evaluation method of the lightning damage of the single or multiple continuous lightning current components is seriously lagged, the research on the formula and the process of the carbon fiber composite material and the improvement on the performance of the carbon fiber composite material are greatly hindered, and the application of the carbon fiber composite material in the aerospace field is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an evaluation method of multiple influence factors of damage of a carbon fiber composite material under the action of multiple continuous lightning current components, so that the rules among the lightning damage area and the damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material and multiple factors are obtained, and a theoretical basis is provided for the research of the formula and the process of the carbon fiber composite material laminated plate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:
the method comprises the steps of taking amplitude, rising rate, charge transfer energy, specific energy and action gap distance of multiple continuous lightning currents containing a lightning current A, B, C component and a D component as influence factors of lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of the multiple continuous lightning current components, finally obtaining various influence factors of the lightning current components and experimental data of lightning damage area and damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material, on the basis, establishing a multi-factor comprehensive evaluation model of the lightning damage area and damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material, obtaining influence factors of the multi-influence factors of the lightning damage area and damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material, and providing theoretical basis for research of formulas and processes of the carbon fiber composite material laminate.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
under the condition that the distance of an action gap is fixed, multiple continuous time sequence lightning current components of different modules of a single lightning current component, a double lightning current component, a triple lightning current component, a quadruple lightning current component, … … and multiple lightning current components are applied to obtain experimental data samples of lightning damage area and damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material;
step two, applying multiple continuous time sequence lightning current components of different modules of single lightning current component, double lightning current component, triple lightning current component, quadruple lightning current component, … … and multiple lightning current components to obtain experimental data samples of lightning damage area and damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material after changing the action gap distance;
and step three, establishing an evaluation model of the damage depth and the damage area of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of multiple continuous time sequence lightning current components according to the experimental data samples obtained in the step one and the step two, and obtaining relevant rules and influence factors of the lightning damage depth, the damage area and the peak value, the rising rate, the transferred charge quantity, the specific energy and the action gap distance of the carbon fiber composite material.
Further, the first step comprises the following steps:
1.1) establishing a multiple continuous lightning current generating loop comprising a lightning current A, B, C and a D component;
1.2) fixing the action gap distance of the carbon fiber composite material in the lightning damage test, wherein the gap distance is selected within 1-10 mm;
1.3) setting test parameters of each lightning current component in a multiple continuous lightning current test, wherein each lightning current component is at least provided with 3 test current points, and the current range of a lightning current A component is set within 20-100 kA; the current range of the lightning current B component is set within 0.2-1 kA; the current range of the lightning current C component is set within 100-400A; the current range of the lightning current D component is set within the range of 10-50 kA;
1.4) carrying out a carbon fiber composite material lightning damage test of destructive lightning current A component, wherein a current test point is IA1、IA2And IA3And C/B scanning is used for obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite materialA1、SA2And SA3And depth of injury DA1、DA2And DA3；
1.5) carrying out a carbon fiber composite material lightning damage test of multiple continuous lightning current A + B components, wherein the current test point is a lightning current A component IA1、IA2、IA3Subsequent lightning current B component IB1、IB2And IB3And C/B scanning is used for obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite materialAB1、SAB2And SAB3And depth of injury DAB1、DAB2And DAB3；
1.6) carrying out a lightning damage test of the carbon fiber composite material with multiple continuous lightning current A + B + C components, wherein a current test point is a lightning current A component IA1、IA2、IA3Subsequent lightning current B component IB1、IB2And IB3Then followed by the C component I of lightning currentC1、IC2And IC3And C/B scanning is used for obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite materialABC1、SABC2And SABC3And depth of injury DABC1、DABC2And DABC3；
1.7) carrying out a lightning damage test on the carbon fiber composite material with multiple continuous lightning current A + B + C + D components, wherein the current test point is a lightning current A component IA1、IA2、IA3Subsequent lightning current B component IB1、IB2And IB3Then followed by the C component I of lightning currentC1、IC2And IC3And lightning current D minuteQuantity ID1、ID2And ID3And C/B scanning is used for obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite materialABCD1、SABCD2And SABCD3And depth of injury DABCD1、DABCD2And DABCD3。
Further, the second step comprises the following steps:
2.1) establishing a multiple continuous lightning current generating loop comprising a lightning current A, B, C and a D component;
2.2) setting the range of the action gap distance and the number m of test points of the lightning damage test of the carbon fiber composite material, wherein the gap distance is selected within 1-10mm, and m is not less than 3;
2.3) setting a lightning damage test mode of the carbon fiber composite material and a lightning current component test current value; the current range of the lightning current A component is set within 20-100 kA; the current range of the lightning current B component is set within 0.2-1 kA; the current range of the lightning current C component is set within 100-400A; the current range of the lightning current D component is set within the range of 10-50 kA;
2.4) carrying out lightning damage test of the carbon fiber composite material with lightning current A component of preset current test value, and obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite material by C/B scanningAd1And depth of injury DAd1。
2.5) carrying out a lightning damage test of the carbon fiber composite material with multiple continuous lightning current A + B components of a preset current test value, and obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite material by C/B scanningABd1And depth of injury DABd1；
2.6) carrying out a lightning damage test of the carbon fiber composite material with multiple continuous lightning currents A + B + C components with preset current test values, and obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite material by C/B scanningABCd1And depth of injury DABCd1；
2.7) carrying out a lightning damage test of the carbon fiber composite material with multiple continuous lightning current A + B + C + D components with preset current test values, and obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite material by C/B scanningABCDd1And depth of injury DABCDd1。
Further, the third step includes the following steps:
3.1) area of lightning damage to the carbon fiber composite material under the action of the multiple continuous lightning current components obtained (S)A1、SA2、SA3)、(SAB1、SAB2、SAB3)、(SABC1、SABC2、SABC3)、(SABCD1、SABCD2、SABCD3) And depth of injury (D)A1、DA2、DA3)、(DAB1、DAB2、DAB3)、(DABC1、DABC2、DABC3)、(DABCD1、DABCD2、DABCD3) Analyzing and processing the test data, and establishing a lightning damage evaluation model among the lightning damage area and the damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material and the amplitude, the rising rate, the charge transfer energy and the specific energy of the lightning current component under the action of multiple continuous lightning current components;
under the condition of fixed gap distance, the relationship between the lightning damage area and damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of multiple continuous lightning current components and lightning current component parameters is shown in formulas (1) and (2):
in the formulas (1) and (2), k1As、k2As、k3AsRespectively is the influence factors of the rising rate of the lightning current component A, the charge transfer energy and the specific energy on the lightning damage area of the carbon fiber composite material; (k)1Bs、k2Bs、k3Bs)、(k1Cs、k2Cs、k3Cs)、(k1Ds、k2Ds、k3Ds) Respectively are influence factors of the rising rate, the charge transfer energy and the specific energy of the B component, the C component and the D component of the lightning current on the lightning damage area of the carbon fiber composite material;in the same way, k1Ad、k2Ad、k3AdRespectively is the influence factors of the rising rate, the charge transfer energy and the specific energy of the lightning current A component on the lightning damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material; (k)1Bd、k2Bd、k3Bd)、(k1Cd、k2Cd、k3Cd)、(k1Dd、k2Dd、k3Dd) Respectively are influence factors of the rising rate, the charge transfer energy and the specific energy of the B component, the C component and the D component of the lightning current on the lightning damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material;
considering the influence of the action gap distance of the lightning current component on the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material, the formula is converted into:
wherein k isAdd、kBdd、kCdd、kDddThe lightning current lightning damage factors are respectively corresponding to the action gap distance on the lightning current A component, the lightning current B component, the lightning current C component and the lightning current D component.
3.2) calculating the influence factor of the carbon fiber composite material lightning damage multi-factor evaluation under the action of the multiple continuous lightning current component according to the lightning damage area and the damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of the multiple continuous lightning current component, simply optimizing the formulas (1) and (2) according to the closeness degree of the relation between the lightning damage area and the damage depth and the lightning current component amplitude, the rise rate and the specific energy, carrying out the multi-factor evaluation on the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material, and verifying and correcting the model of the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material.
The invention relates to a method for evaluating multiple influence factors of damage of a carbon fiber composite material under the action of multiple continuous lightning current components, which researches various influence factors of lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of the multiple continuous lightning current components to obtain a related rule among the lightning damage area and the damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material and the peak value, the rising rate, the transferred charge quantity, the specific energy and the action gap distance of the multiple lightning current components, establishes a multi-factor evaluation model of the lightning damage under the action of the multiple continuous lightning current components on the basis, obtains the amplitude, the rising rate, the charge transferred quantity, the specific energy, the action gap distance and other multi-factor influence factors and mathematical expressions among the multi-factor evaluation model, and researches a lightning damage mechanism of the carbon fiber composite material for a formula, a formula and an action gap distance of a carbon fiber composite material layer, The research of the process provides a theoretical basis.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lightning current component RLC test loop of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lightning current component CROWBAR test loop of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a lightning current component LC multi-chain network test loop of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the clamping of the carbon fiber composite material of the tested object of the invention
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a test mode of lightning damage of a carbon fiber composite material under the action of multiple continuous lightning current components
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the testing process of the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of multiple lightning current components
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a test of the influence rule of the lightning damage and the action gap distance of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of multiple continuous lightning current components
In the figure: 1 is a controllable direct current charging power supply; 2 is an energy storage capacitor unit; 3 is a discharge switch; 4 is a waveform adjusting resistor; 5 is a waveform adjusting inductor; 11 is an upper electrode bar; 12 is an upper electrode end; 13 is an upper insulating end cover; 14 is a copper block; 15 is a spring; 16 is a first bolt; 17 is a first nut; 18 is a gasket; 19 is an insulating support; 110 is an insulation base of a tested product; 111 is a second bolt; 112 is a tested article; 113 is a fixed insulating sleeve; 114 is a second nut; 21 is an energy storage capacitor; 31 is a main discharge switch; 32 is a CROWBAR switch; 41 is a waveform forming resistor; and 51 is a wave form forming inductor.
Detailed Description
The principles and calculation methods of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the RLC generation circuit of the lightning current component of the present invention may generate a lightning current a component, an Ah component, and a D component. In fig. 1, a controllable dc charging power supply 1 comprises a voltage regulator T1, a transformer T2, a rectifier diode D, and a charging resistor R2Composition is carried out; switch S and resistor R3Forming a safe discharge loop of the energy storage capacitor; the energy storage capacitor unit 2 (capacitance C), the discharge switch 3, the waveform adjusting inductor 5 (inductance L), and the waveform adjusting resistor 4 (resistance R) form a lightning current A component discharge loop.
The following describes a method for adjusting the loop parameters of the nonlinear lightning current a component by taking the lightning current a component as an example, and other lightning current component loops can select the loop parameters according to the process.
The lightning current A component satisfies the following expression:
i(t)＝I0(e-αt-e-βt) Wherein: 11354s ═ alpha-1，β＝647265s-1
The rising time T of the lightning current A component is calculated1And half peak time T2Respectively as follows:
T1＝3.56μs T2＝69μs
the nonlinear lightning current A component loop is generated by using an RLC circuit, and loop parameters are selected according to the following steps:
according to the following formula (1):
in the formula (1), C is an energy storage capacitor unit 2, L is a waveform adjusting inductor 4, and R is a waveform adjusting resistor 5; u shape0For charging voltage, T, across the energy-storage capacitor1Wave front time, i, of lightning current componentmFor the peak of the loop output currentThe value, ξ, is the damping coefficient of the circuit of FIG. 2; t is1 *Is a normalized coefficient of wavefront time, im *Is a normalized crest factor.
The 3 equations described in equation (1) contain 4 unknowns, and thus equation (1) has infinite sets of solutions. Given the capacity of the storage capacitor, the parameters can be selected according to table 1:
table 1: selection of lightning current A component loop parameters
| Serial number | Capacitor C | Resistance | Inductor L | |
| 1 | 100 | 0.9 | 1.4 | |
| 2 | 50 | 1.8 | 2.8 | |
| 3 | 25 | 3.6 | 4.2 | |
| …… | …… | …… | …… |
Other lightning current components, such as the Ah component and the D component, can be designed in the same manner as described above.
Referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a CROWBAR generating circuit of the lightning current component of the present invention can be used to generate a lightning current a component, an Ah component, a D component, etc. In fig. 2, the voltage across the energy storage capacitor 21 is charged by the controllable dc charging power supply 1 shown in fig. 1, and the discharging loop of the lightning current component is composed of the energy storage capacitor 21, the main discharging switch 31, the CROWBAR switch 32, the waveform forming inductor 51, and the waveform forming resistor 41. The switching of the main discharge switch 31 and the CROWBAR switch 32 occurs at the current peak of the lightning current component, the main discharge switch 31 is closed before the current peak, the main discharge switch 31 is disconnected after the current peak, and the CROWBAR switch 32 is closed, so that the tail part of the lightning current component is completed. The selection of the waveform forming inductor 51 and the wavefront forming resistor 41 can be adjusted depending on the impedance of the test article.
Referring to fig. 3, the LC multi-chain network generating circuit of the lightning current component of the present invention can generate a B component and a C component of the lightning current, and in order to ensure the stability of the peak current in the duration of the square wave current, the number of chains of the L-C multi-chain square wave loop should be greater than 8, and fig. 3 is a square wave current generating loop with 12 LC chains. According to the standard requirement, the duration of the square wave current is 5ms, and the loop parameters of the LC multi-chain network are selected according to the following steps:
according to the following formula (2):
in the formula (2), LΣ、CΣRespectively, each chain inductance L in inductance-capacitance LC chain1、L2……、L11、L12And each chain capacitance C1、C2……、C11、C12And (4) summing. Therefore, as long as LC multi-link loop is usedThe inductance of the medium inductor and the capacitance of the capacitor meet the equation (1), so that a square wave lightning current B component meeting the standard regulation requirement can be generated, and parameters can be selected according to the following table 2:
table 2: selection of lightning current B component loop parameters
| Serial number | Total inductance L/mF | Total capacitance C/. mu. |
| 1 | 31.250 | 200 |
| 2 | 15.625 | 400 |
| 3 | 6.250 | 1000 |
| 4 | 3.125 | 2000 |
| …… | …… | …… |
In fig. 3, the controllable dc charging power supply comprises a voltage regulator Tr, a transformer Tt, a rectifier diode D, and a charging resistor R1Composition is carried out; switch S and resistor R2Forming a safe discharge loop of the energy storage capacitor.
Referring to fig. 4, a schematic clamping diagram of a carbon fiber composite material of a tested article is shown, an upper electrode rod 11 is connected with a high-voltage output end of a lightning current A component generating loop, and an upper electrode end head 12, an upper insulating end cover 13, a copper block 14 and a spring 15 clamp the tested article; the second bolt 111 is used for fixing the insulation base 110 of the tested object and the insulation support 19 together; the fixed insulating sleeve 113 fixes the upper electrode rod 11 and the upper insulating cover plate 13 together; the second nut 114 is used for electrical connection between the lightning current component generating circuit and the tested object.
Referring to fig. 5, the test mode of lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material of the invention comprises: the lightning protection structure comprises a lightning stroke 1A area A + B + C multiple lightning current component, a 1B area A + B + C + D multiple lightning current component, a 1C area Ah + B + C multiple lightning current component, a lightning stroke 2A area D + B + C multiple lightning current component, a lightning stroke 2B area D + B + C multiple lightning current component, a lightning stroke 3 area A/5+ B + C multiple lightning current component and a lightning stroke conducting 3 area A + B + C + D multiple lightning current component.
Referring to fig. 6, the test procedure of the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of the multiple continuous lightning current components in the fixed action gap is as follows:
1) a multiple continuous lightning current generating loop is established comprising the lightning current A, B, C and the D component.
2) The action gap distance of the lightning damage test of the fixed carbon fiber composite material can be selected within 1-10 mm.
3) And setting test parameters of each lightning current component in the multiple continuous lightning current tests, wherein each lightning current component is at least provided with 3 test current points. The current range of the lightning current A component can be set within 20-100 kA; the current range of the lightning current B component is set within 0.2-1 kA; the current range of the lightning current C component is set within 100-400A; the current range of the lightning current D component may be set in the range of 10-50 kA.
4) Carrying out lightning damage test on the carbon fiber composite material with destructive lightning current A component, wherein the current test point is IA1、IA2And IA3And C/B scanning to obtain carbon fiber composite materialArea of lightning damage SA1、SA2And SA3And depth of injury DA1、DA2And DA3。
5) Carrying out a carbon fiber composite material lightning damage test of multiple continuous lightning current A + B components, wherein the current test point is a lightning current A component IA1、IA2、IA3Subsequent lightning current B component IB1、IB2And IB3And C/B scanning is used for obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite materialAB1、SAB2And SAB3And depth of injury DAB1、DAB2And DAB3。
6) Carrying out a carbon fiber composite material lightning damage test of multiple continuous lightning current A + B + C components, wherein the current test point is a lightning current A component IA1、IA2、IA3Subsequent lightning current B component IB1、IB2And IB3Then followed by the C component I of lightning currentC1、IC2And IC3And C/B scanning is used for obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite materialABC1、SABC2And SABC3And depth of injury DABC1、DABC2And DABC3。
7) Carrying out a carbon fiber composite material lightning damage test of multiple continuous lightning current A + B + C + D components, wherein the current test point is a lightning current A component IA1、IA2、IA3Subsequent lightning current B component IB1、IB2And IB3Then followed by the C component I of lightning currentC1、IC2And IC3D component I of sum lightning currentD1、ID2And ID3And C/B scanning is used for obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite materialABCD1、SABCD2And SABCD3And depth of injury DABCD1、DABCD2And DABCD3。
Referring to fig. 7, the test procedure of the law of influence of lightning damage and action gap distance of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of multiple continuous lightning current components of the invention is as follows:
1) establishing multiple continuous lightning current generating loop including lightning current A, B, C and D component
2) Setting the range (1-10mm) of the action gap distance and the number m of test points in the lightning damage test of the carbon fiber composite material, wherein m is at least not less than 3.
3) And setting a test mode of lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material and a test current value of lightning current components. The current range of the lightning current A component can be set within 20-100 kA; the current range of the lightning current B component is set within 0.2-1 kA; the current range of the lightning current C component is set within 100-400A; the current range of the lightning current D component may be set in the range of 10-50 kA.
4) Performing lightning damage test of the carbon fiber composite material with lightning current A component of preset current test value, and obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite material by C/B scanningAd1And depth of injury DAd1。
5) Carrying out lightning damage test on the carbon fiber composite material with multiple continuous lightning current A + B components of preset current test values, and obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite material by C/B scanningABd1And depth of injury DABd1。
6) Carrying out a lightning damage test of the carbon fiber composite material with multiple continuous lightning current A + B + C components of a preset current test value, and obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite material by C/B scanningABCd1And depth of injury DABCd1。
7) Carrying out a lightning damage test of the carbon fiber composite material with multiple continuous lightning current A + B + C + D components of a preset current test value, and obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite material by C/B scanningABCDd1And depth of injury DABCDd1。
The method for evaluating the multiple influence factors of the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of multiple continuous lightning current components comprises the following steps:
1) the lightning damage area (S) of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of the obtained multiple continuous lightning current componentsA1、SA2、SA3)、(SAB1、SAB2、SAB3)、(SABC1、SABC2、SABC3)、(SABCD1、SABCD2、SABCD3) Anddepth of injury (D)A1、DA2、DA3)、(DAB1、DAB2、DAB3)、(DABC1、DABC2、DABC3)、(DABCD1、DABCD2、DABCD3) And analyzing and processing the test data, and establishing a lightning damage evaluation model among parameters such as lightning damage area, damage depth, lightning current component amplitude, rising rate, charge transfer energy, specific energy and the like of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of multiple continuous lightning current components.
2) Under the condition of fixed gap distance, the influence factors of the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of multiple continuous lightning current components comprise: the peak value, the rising rate, the charge transfer energy and the specific energy of the lightning current component, but the current peak value is directly related to the charge transfer energy and the specific energy, and the relationship between the lightning damage area and the damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material and the lightning current component parameters is shown in the formulas (1) and (2):
in the formulas (1) and (2), k1As、k2As、k3AsRespectively is the influence factors of the rising rate of the lightning current component A, the charge transfer energy and the specific energy on the lightning damage area of the carbon fiber composite material; (k)1Bs、k2Bs、k3Bs)、(k1Cs、k2Cs、k3Cs)、(k1Ds、k2Ds、k3Ds) Respectively are influence factors of the rising rate, the charge transfer energy and the specific energy of the B component, the C component and the D component of the lightning current on the lightning damage area of the carbon fiber composite material; in the same way, k1Ad、k2Ad、k3AdRespectively is the influence factors of the rising rate, the charge transfer energy and the specific energy of the lightning current A component on the lightning damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material; (k)1Bd、k2Bd、k3Bd)、(k1Cd、k2Cd、k3Cd)、(k1Dd、k2Dd、k3Dd) The factors are respectively the rising rate, the charge transfer energy and the influence factor of the specific energy of the B component, the C component and the D component of the lightning current on the lightning damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material.
As can be seen from the above equations (1) and (2), the two equations have 24 unknowns, so that at least test data of lightning damage areas and damage depths of 12 test points are required, and each test point is converted into each lightning current component, and the number of the test points is not less than 3; if the stability of the multifactor influence factor of the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of multiple continuous lightning current components is to be verified, each lightning current component test data point should be increased continuously, for example, the number of test points is not less than 4.
3) Considering the influence of the action gap distance of the lightning current component on the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material, the formula is converted into:
wherein k isAdd、kBdd、kCdd、kDddThe lightning current lightning damage factors are respectively corresponding to the action gap distance on the lightning current A component, the lightning current B component, the lightning current C component and the lightning current D component.
As can be seen from the above equations (3) and (4), the two equations have 32 unknowns, so that at least test data of lightning damage areas and damage depths of 16 test points are required; if the stability of the multifactor influence factor of the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of multiple continuous lightning current components is to be verified, each lightning current component test data point is further increased.
According to the lightning damage area and the damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of multiple continuous lightning current components, the influence factors for evaluating the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of the multiple continuous lightning current components can be calculated, and according to the relation closeness degree of the lightning damage area and the damage depth and the lightning current component amplitude, the rise rate and the specific energy, the formulas (1) and (2) can be simply optimized, the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material can be evaluated in a multi-factor mode quickly, and the model of the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material is verified and corrected.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The method for evaluating the multiple influence factors of the damage of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of multiple continuous lightning current components is characterized by comprising the following steps of: taking the amplitude, the rising rate, the charge transfer energy, the specific energy and the action gap distance of multiple continuous lightning currents containing A, B, C and D components as the influence factors of the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of the multiple continuous lightning current components, and finally obtaining the experimental data of the amplitude, the rising rate, the charge transfer energy, the specific energy and the action gap distance of the multiple continuous lightning currents of the lightning current components and the lightning damage area and the lightning damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material;
the multi-factor comprehensive assessment model for the lightning damage area and the damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material is as follows:
under the condition of fixed gap distance, the relationship between the lightning damage area and damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of multiple continuous lightning current components and lightning current component parameters is shown in formulas (1) and (2):
in the formulas (1) and (2), k1As、k2As、k3AsRespectively is the influence factors of the rising rate of the lightning current component A, the charge transfer energy and the specific energy on the lightning damage area of the carbon fiber composite material; (k)1Bs、k2Bs、k3Bs)、(k1Cs、k2Cs、k3Cs)、(k1Ds、k2Ds、k3Ds) Respectively are influence factors of the rising rate, the charge transfer energy and the specific energy of the B component, the C component and the D component of the lightning current on the lightning damage area of the carbon fiber composite material; in the same way, k1Ad、k2Ad、k3AdRespectively is the influence factors of the rising rate, the charge transfer energy and the specific energy of the lightning current A component on the lightning damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material; (k)1Bd、k2Bd、k3Bd)、(k1Cd、k2Cd、k3Cd)、(k1Dd、k2Dd、k3Dd) Respectively are influence factors of the rising rate, the charge transfer energy and the specific energy of the B component, the C component and the D component of the lightning current on the lightning damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material;
considering the influence of the action gap distance of the lightning current component on the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material, the formula is converted into:
wherein k isAdd、kBdd、kCdd、kDddThe factors corresponding to the influence of the action gap distance on the lightning damage depth of the lightning current component A, the lightning current component B, the lightning current component C and the lightning current component D are respectively.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises in particular the steps of:
under the condition that the action gap distance is fixed, multiple continuous time sequence lightning current components of different modules of a single lightning current component, a double lightning current component, a triple lightning current component and a quadruple lightning current component are applied to obtain experimental data samples of the lightning damage area and the lightning damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material;
step two, applying multiple continuous time sequence lightning current components of different modules of a single lightning current component, a double lightning current component, a triple lightning current component and a quadruple lightning current component to obtain experimental data samples of lightning damage areas and damage depths of the carbon fiber composite material after changing the action gap distance;
and step three, establishing an evaluation model of the damage depth and the damage area of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of multiple continuous time sequence lightning current components according to the experimental data samples obtained in the step one and the step two, and obtaining relevant rules and influence factors of the lightning damage depth, the damage area and the peak value, the rising rate, the transferred charge quantity, the specific energy and the action gap distance of the carbon fiber composite material.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the first step comprises the following steps:
1.1) establishing a multiple continuous lightning current generating loop comprising a lightning current A, B, C and a D component;
1.2) fixing the action gap distance of the carbon fiber composite material in the lightning damage test, wherein the gap distance is selected within 1-10 mm;
1.3) setting test parameters of each lightning current component in a multiple continuous lightning current test, wherein each lightning current component is at least provided with 3 test current points, and the current range of a lightning current A component is set within 20-100 kA; the current range of the lightning current B component is set within 0.2-1 kA; the current range of the lightning current C component is set within 100-400A; the current range of the lightning current D component is set within the range of 10-50 kA;
1.4) carrying out a carbon fiber composite material lightning damage test of destructive lightning current A component, wherein a current test point is IA1、IA2And IA3And C/B scanning is used for obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite materialA1、SA2And SA3And depth of injury DA1、DA2And DA3；
1.5) carrying out a carbon fiber composite material lightning damage test of multiple continuous lightning current A + B components, wherein the current test point is a lightning current A component IA1、IA2、IA3Subsequent lightning current B component IB1、IB2And IB3And C/B scanning is used for obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite materialAB1、SAB2And SAB3And depth of injury DAB1、DAB2And DAB3；
1.6) carrying out a lightning damage test of the carbon fiber composite material with multiple continuous lightning current A + B + C components, wherein a current test point is a lightning current A component IA1、IA2、IA3Subsequent lightning current B component IB1、IB2And IB3Then followed by the C component I of lightning currentC1、IC2And IC3And C/B scanning is used for obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite materialABC1、SABC2And SABC3And depth of injury DABC1、DABC2And DABC3；
1.7) carrying out a lightning damage test on the carbon fiber composite material with multiple continuous lightning current A + B + C + D components, wherein the current test point is a lightning current A component IA1、IA2、IA3Subsequent lightning current B component IB1、IB2And IB3Then followed by lightningComponent I of stream CC1、IC2And IC3D component I of sum lightning currentD1、ID2And ID3And C/B scanning is used for obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite materialABCD1、SABCD2And SABCD3And depth of injury DABCD1、DABCD2And DABCD3。
4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
the second step comprises the following steps:
2.1) establishing a multiple continuous lightning current generating loop comprising a lightning current A, B, C and a D component;
2.2) setting the range of the action gap distance and the number m of test points of the lightning damage test of the carbon fiber composite material, wherein the gap distance is selected within 1-10mm, and m is not less than 3;
2.3) setting a lightning damage test mode of the carbon fiber composite material and a lightning current component test current value; the current range of the lightning current A component is set within 20-100 kA; the current range of the lightning current B component is set within 0.2-1 kA; the current range of the lightning current C component is set within 100-400A; the current range of the lightning current D component is set within the range of 10-50 kA;
2.4) carrying out lightning damage test of the carbon fiber composite material with lightning current A component of preset current test value, and obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite material by C/B scanningAd1And depth of injury DAd1；
2.5) carrying out a lightning damage test of the carbon fiber composite material with multiple continuous lightning current A + B components of a preset current test value, and obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite material by C/B scanningABd1And depth of injury DABd1；
2.6) carrying out a lightning damage test of the carbon fiber composite material with multiple continuous lightning currents A + B + C components with preset current test values, and obtaining the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite material by C/B scanningABCd1And depth of injury DABCd1；
2.7) multiple continuous lightning currents A + B + C + D with preset current test valuesTesting the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material, and scanning by using C/B to obtain the lightning damage area S of the carbon fiber composite materialABCDd1And depth of injury DABCDd1。
5. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the third step comprises the following steps:
3.1) area of lightning damage to the carbon fiber composite material under the action of the multiple continuous lightning current components obtained (S)A1、SA2、SA3)、(SAB1、SAB2、SAB3)、(SABC1、SABC2、SABC3)、(SABCD1、SABCD2、SABCD3) And depth of injury (D)A1、DA2、DA3)、(DAB1、DAB2、DAB3)、(DABC1、DABC2、DABC3)、(DABCD1、DABCD2、DABCD3) Analyzing and processing the test data, and establishing a lightning damage evaluation model among the lightning damage area and the damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material and the amplitude, the rising rate, the charge transfer energy and the specific energy of the lightning current component under the action of multiple continuous lightning current components;
3.2) calculating the influence factor of the carbon fiber composite material lightning damage multi-factor evaluation under the action of the multiple continuous lightning current component according to the lightning damage area and the damage depth of the carbon fiber composite material under the action of the multiple continuous lightning current component, simply optimizing the formulas (1) and (2) according to the closeness degree of the relation between the lightning damage area and the damage depth and the lightning current component amplitude, the rise rate and the specific energy, carrying out the multi-factor evaluation on the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material, and verifying and correcting the model of the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material.
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