CN103008896B - Composite welding method combining laser with friction stir welding - Google Patents
Composite welding method combining laser with friction stir welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN103008896B CN103008896B CN201210592959.XA CN201210592959A CN103008896B CN 103008896 B CN103008896 B CN 103008896B CN 201210592959 A CN201210592959 A CN 201210592959A CN 103008896 B CN103008896 B CN 103008896B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite welding method which can realize the high welding speed and the high welding quality of stainless steel. The welding method applies a composite welding technology combining laser with friction stir welding to the high-efficiency connection of hard welded plates such as stainless steel, solving the problem of friction stir welding high-efficiency connection of the hard welded plates. The method mainly comprises the following steps that on a stainless steel plate to be welded, the thickness of the stainless steel plate is 20 to 50mm; a first laser beam is arranged on the back of the stainless steel plate, and a second laser beam and friction stir heads are arranged on the front of the stainless steel plate; the first laser beam, the first friction stir head, the second friction stir head and the second laser beam are sequentially arranged along the opposite direction of a welding direction; and wherein, the first friction stir head and the second friction stir head are respectively positioned at different sides of the stainless steel plate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Laser Processing and manufacture field, be specifically related to a kind of complex welding method in conjunction with laser and friction stir welding.
Background technology
Because friction stir welding utilizes the stirring-head of High Rotation Speed and the shaft shoulder and metal for mecystasis, along with stirring-head advances, metal moves to stirring-head rear and forms a kind of Solid-State Welding method of tight weld, so it is suitable for the welding of the softer metal of material, it is applied to the welding of non-ferrous metal as Al, Cu and succeeds, but the metal that agitating friction welding material is harder simultaneously still also exists drawback as during stainless steel.Because stainless steel hardness is higher, therefore, its speed of welding is slow, and efficiency is low, becomes the yoke of the extensive use restricting stainless friction stir welding, in addition based on the feature of friction stir welding itself, the end of welded part leaves " keyhole ", so if desired, welding procedure needs add " draw welding plate or go out welding plate ", this is again a kind of waste of resource to the aspect that is installed of welding equipment, in addition also have research invention design specialized stirring-head or adopt the method for embedded friction stir welding to reduce the occurrence probability of problems, a kind of dissimilar metal embedded agitating friction seam soldering method is disclosed in China publication CN102120287A, specifically disclose and process one or more dovetail groove on the second harder mother metal, then joint form assembling is pressed, require upside aluminium sheet being placed in harder second mother metal dovetail groove, use needleless stirring-head and tilt to install, start stirring-head rotate and make it to contact with aluminium sheet upper surface: the compression distance limiting stirring-head is about between 0.1mm ~ 2mm, without the need to penetrating weld interface, through after the initiating terminal friction preheating several seconds, move the stirring-head or workbench that are rotating, aluminium sheet can be revolved and clamp-on in the groove of lower plate, complete welding or coated, by this friction welding method, the generation of keyhole can be avoided, but range of application is narrower, and before weldering, workload is large, and welding efficiency is very low.Therefore, the problem of these two aspects in the urgent need to address.Simultaneously, have that power density is high, thermal weld stress is low, welding heat affected zone is little due to laser weld and the feature such as welding deformation is little, make it in the extensive use of stainless steel welded field, but laser weld is higher to the required precision that is installed, this also constrains the development of stainless laser weld.
Owing to being subject to the impact of stirring-head size when agitating friction welds, to the stirring-head of each model, it has maximum processing dimension, and this also constrains the restriction to its throat thickness, can not complete the processing of the sheet material exceeding its maximum processing dimension.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the welding Problems existing of the harder welded plate of material in background technology, it is fast that this invention provides a kind of speed of welding realizing welded plate, the complex welding method that welding quality is high, laser and two this compound welding technology of stirring-head friction welding (FW) are successfully applied to the efficient connection of welded plate by this welding method, the difficult problem that the friction stir welding solving heavy thickness welded plate efficiently connects.
For solving the problem, the present invention proposes the complex welding method of a kind of Laser Welding and friction stir welding, it comprises: arrange the first friction-stir head in the front of fishplate bar to be welded, arrange the first laser beam at the back side of fishplate bar to be welded; During welding, first by the first laser beam treat position to be welded on welded plate carry out irradiation soften, then carry out agitating friction welding by the first friction-stir head.
Wherein, be also furnished with the second friction-stir head at the back side of described fishplate bar to be welded, the front of described fishplate bar to be welded is furnished with the second laser beam; Described first laser beam, the first friction-stir head, the second friction-stir head and the second laser beam are arranged successively along the direction contrary with welding direction; Described first friction-stir head and the application point of the second agitating friction head on fishplate bar surface to be welded separated by a distance in the horizontal direction; When welding, position to be welded is softened by described first laser beam, and described first friction-stir head and the second friction-stir head carry out friction welding at the tow sides of fishplate bar to be welded simultaneously, to be welded complete after the second laser beam to carry out weight to described soldered molten.
Described fishplate bar to be welded is corrosion resistant plate.
By adding another friction-stir head at the corrosion resistant plate back side, greatly can improve the thickness of the corrosion resistant plate that described welding method can be welded, described first laser beam shifts to an earlier date preheating and preliminarily softened corrosion resistant plate to be welded along welding direction, can significantly improve the speed of welding of friction stir welding like this; Described second laser beam, remelting can be stirred the weld seam that friction welding (FW) welded, can improve the outward appearance being stirred the weld seam that friction welding (FW) weld on the one hand, the keyhole of elimination left by friction stir welding; On the other hand, the quality of weld seam can be improved further.The first laser beam be applicable to according to the different choose reasonable of thickness of slab and the power of the second laser beam, when welding starts, first first laser beam is applied to corrosion resistant plate to be welded, and then the first friction-stir head, the second friction-stir head, the second laser beam act on corrosion resistant plate to be welded successively; At the end of welding, first the first laser beam leaves corrosion resistant plate to be welded, and then the first friction-stir head, the second friction-stir head, the second laser beam leave on corrosion resistant plate to be welded successively.Whole welding process does not need draw welding plate or go out welding plate.By above-mentioned laser beam+bis-stirring-head friction stir welding complex welding method, reach the effect of 1+1 > 2, make stainless welding achieve faster and better welding.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the assembling schematic diagram of the composite welding stainless steel plate of Laser Welding and friction stir welding in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention proposes a kind of complex welding method in conjunction with laser and friction stir welding.The method comprises: on fishplate bar 1 to be welded, arranges the first laser beam 3, first friction-stir head 2, second friction-stir head 5, second laser beam 4 along the direction contrary with welding direction successively, described first laser beam, the second friction-stir head are arranged in back to be welded, second laser beam, the first friction-stir head are arranged in fishplate bar front to be welded, described first friction-stir head and the application point of the second agitating friction head on fishplate bar surface to be welded separated by a distance in the horizontal direction, described first laser beam can derive from CO2 laser instrument, the center line of described first laser beam is α with the angle of the vertical direction of fishplate bar upper surface to be welded, wherein, 15 °≤α≤30 °, the laser power of described first laser beam is P1, wherein 1200w≤P1≤2000w, adjusting laser beam focus, relative to the position on fishplate bar surface to be welded, makes the diameter dimension of the laser facula be radiated on the welded piece of fishplate bar to be welded at 2-5mm, described second laser beam can derive from CO2 laser instrument, the central axis of described second laser beam and corrosion resistant plate upper surface, and the laser power of described second laser beam is P2, wherein 3000w≤P2≤6000w, the center line of described first friction-stir head, the second friction-stir head is θ, wherein 0 ° of < θ≤2 ° with the angle of the vertical direction of fishplate bar upper surface to be welded, do not need in welding process draw welding plate or go out welding plate, first laser beam, first friction-stir head, second friction-stir head, the speed of welding of the second laser beam is identical, be 1.5-3m/min, the application point distance first friction-stir head application point horizontal range on to be welded fishplate bar surface of described first laser beam on fishplate bar surface to be welded is 3-6cm, described first friction-stir head and the application point horizontal range of the second agitating friction head on fishplate bar surface to be welded are 3-6cm, the application point distance second friction-stir head application point horizontal range on to be welded fishplate bar surface of described second laser beam on fishplate bar surface to be welded is 8-18cm, wherein said fishplate bar to be welded can be the harder corrosion resistant plate of material, described corrosion resistant plate thickness is less than or equal to 50mm.
The above-mentioned of the present invention's proposition meets welding method, be particularly useful for welding thicker welded plate, as corrosion resistant plate, welding process is as follows: after utilizing the first laser beam irradiation welded plate that soldered is softening, first friction-stir head and the second friction-stir head carry out stirring welding at the tow sides of welded plate simultaneously respectively, and after welding completes, by the heavy molten soldered of the second laser beam, make soldered more smooth.
Visible, the above-mentioned complex welding method that the present invention proposes, by adding the second friction-stir head at the welded plate back side, greatly can improve the thickness of the welded plate that described welding method can be welded, by by the back side of the first laser beam arrangement at welded plate, can prevent the first friction-stir head from hindering injecting of the first laser beam, and the application point of described first laser beam on corrosion resistant plate surface and the horizontal range of the application point of friction-stir head on corrosion resistant plate surface can be effectively reduced, can ensure that the first laser beam irradiation stainless steel carries out friction stir welding after softening immediately like this, greatly enhance productivity, by regulating the first laser beam foucing relative to the position on welded plate surface to be welded, and make large spot be radiated at welded plate on the surface, welded plate can be made like this can be heated evenly in larger area, evenly softening, because the contact area of agitating friction head and welded plate is large, irradiate welded plate by large spot, can make in follow-up friction stir welding process, stirring-head contacts with softening uniform welded plate, and make friction stir welding obviously effect improved, postwelding appearance of weld is more attractive in appearance, the irradiated area of the first laser beam wherein also can be increased to a certain extent by the oblique incidence of the first laser beam, first laser beam and the second laser beam all adopt CO2 laser instrument to produce, and can make full use of CO2 optical maser wavelength with the stainless mechanism of action, make corrosion resistant plate play good bating effect, and greatly cost-saving.
Provide several detailed description of the invention of the above-mentioned complex welding method that the present invention proposes below.
Embodiment (one)
When corrosion resistant plate 1 thickness to be welded is 30mm, arrange the first laser beam 3, first friction-stir head 2, second friction-stir head 5, second laser beam 4 successively along the direction contrary with welding direction; First laser beam 3, second friction-stir head 5 is arranged in the corrosion resistant plate back side, and the second laser beam 4, first friction-stir head 2 is arranged in corrosion resistant plate front; Described first laser beam 3 derives from CO2 laser instrument, the center line of described first laser beam 3 is α=15 ° with the angle of the vertical direction of corrosion resistant plate upper surface, the laser power of described first laser beam is P1=1200w, regulate the first bundle laser beam foucing relative to the position on corrosion resistant plate surface to be welded, make radiation be 3.5mm at the diameter dimension of the upper laser facula of corrosion resistant plate to be welded; Described second laser beam 4 derives from CO2 laser instrument, and the central axis of described second laser beam is in corrosion resistant plate upper surface, and the laser power of described second laser beam is P2=3000w; Described first friction-stir head is arranged in corrosion resistant plate front, the second friction-stir head is arranged in the corrosion resistant plate back side, and the center line of described first friction-stir head, the second friction-stir head is θ=2 ° with the angle of the vertical direction of corrosion resistant plate upper surface; The application point of described first laser beam on corrosion resistant plate surface and the first friction-stir head application point distance on corrosion resistant plate surface is 4cm, the horizontal range of described first friction-stir head and the application point of the second agitating friction head on corrosion resistant plate surface is 3cm, and the application point of described second laser beam on corrosion resistant plate surface and the second friction-stir head application point distance on corrosion resistant plate surface is 12cm; Do not need in welding process draw welding plate or go out welding plate, the speed of welding of the first laser beam, the first friction-stir head, the second friction-stir head, the second laser beam is identical, is 1.5m/min.The tensile strength of the corrosion resistant plate weld zone after welding is higher than the tensile strength of corrosion resistant plate mother metal.
Embodiment (two)
When corrosion resistant plate 1 thickness to be welded is 40mm, arrange the first laser beam 3, first friction-stir head 2, second friction-stir head 5, second laser beam 4 successively along the direction contrary with welding direction; Described first laser beam 3 derives from CO2 laser instrument, the center line of described first laser beam 3 is α=30 ° with the angle of the vertical direction of corrosion resistant plate upper surface, the laser power of described first laser beam is P1=1600w, adjusting laser beam focus, relative to the position on corrosion resistant plate surface to be welded, makes the diameter dimension of the laser facula of radiation on welded piece at 5mm; Described second laser beam 4 derives from CO2 laser instrument, the central axis of described second laser beam and corrosion resistant plate upper surface, and the laser power of described second laser beam is P2=4500w; Described first friction-stir head is arranged in corrosion resistant plate front, the second friction-stir head is arranged in the corrosion resistant plate back side, and the center line of described first friction-stir head, the second friction-stir head is θ=0.5 ° with the angle of the vertical direction of corrosion resistant plate upper surface; The application point of described first laser beam on corrosion resistant plate surface and the first friction-stir head application point distance on corrosion resistant plate surface is 5cm, described first friction-stir head and the application point horizontal range of the second agitating friction head on corrosion resistant plate surface are 5cm, and the application point of described second laser beam on corrosion resistant plate surface and the second friction-stir head application point distance on corrosion resistant plate surface is 15cm; Do not need in welding process draw welding plate or go out welding plate, the speed of welding of the first laser beam, the first friction-stir head, the second friction-stir head, the second laser beam is identical, is 3m/min.The tensile strength of the corrosion resistant plate weld zone after welding is higher than the tensile strength of corrosion resistant plate mother metal.
Embodiment (three)
When corrosion resistant plate 1 thickness to be welded is 50mm, arrange the first laser beam 3, first friction-stir head 2, second friction-stir head 5, second laser beam 4 successively along the direction contrary with welding direction; Described first laser beam 3 derives from CO2 laser instrument, the center line of described first laser beam 3 is α=22 ° with the angle of the vertical direction of corrosion resistant plate upper surface, the laser power of described first laser beam is P1=2000w, adjusting laser beam focus, relative to the position on corrosion resistant plate surface to be welded, makes the diameter dimension of the laser facula of radiation on welded piece at 3mm; Described second laser beam 4 derives from CO2 laser instrument, the central axis of described second laser beam and corrosion resistant plate upper surface, and the laser power of described second laser beam is P2=6000w; Described first friction-stir head is arranged in corrosion resistant plate front, the second friction-stir head is arranged in the corrosion resistant plate back side, and the center line of described first friction-stir head, the second friction-stir head is θ=1 ° with the angle of the vertical direction of corrosion resistant plate upper surface; The application point of described first laser beam on corrosion resistant plate surface and the first friction-stir head application point distance on corrosion resistant plate surface is 4cm, described first friction-stir head and the application point horizontal range of the second agitating friction head on corrosion resistant plate surface are 6cm, and the application point of described second laser beam on corrosion resistant plate surface and the second friction-stir head application point distance on corrosion resistant plate surface is 18cm; Do not need in welding process draw welding plate or go out welding plate, the speed of welding of the first laser beam, the first friction-stir head, the second friction-stir head, the second laser beam is identical, is 2m/min.The tensile strength of the corrosion resistant plate weld zone after welding is higher than the tensile strength of corrosion resistant plate mother metal.
Above-described specific embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; be understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1., in conjunction with a complex welding method for Laser Welding and friction stir welding, it comprises: on fishplate bar to be welded, arranges the first laser beam, the first friction-stir head, the second friction-stir head, the second laser beam along the direction contrary with welding direction successively, described first laser beam, the second friction-stir head are arranged in back to be welded, second laser beam, the first friction-stir head are arranged in fishplate bar front to be welded, described first friction-stir head and the application point of the second agitating friction head on fishplate bar surface to be welded separated by a distance in the horizontal direction, described welded plate is corrosion resistant plate, and described corrosion resistant plate thickness is between 30-50mm, described first laser beam source is in CO2 laser instrument, the center line of described first laser beam is α with the angle of the vertical direction of fishplate bar upper surface to be welded, wherein, 15 °≤α≤30 °, the laser power of described first laser beam is P1, wherein 1200w≤P1≤2000w, adjusting laser beam focus, relative to the position on fishplate bar surface to be welded, makes the diameter dimension of the laser facula be radiated on the welded piece of fishplate bar to be welded at 2-5mm, described second laser beam source in CO2 laser instrument, the central axis of described second laser beam and corrosion resistant plate upper surface, the laser power of described second laser beam is P2, wherein 3000w≤P2≤6000w, the center line of described first friction-stir head, the second friction-stir head is θ, wherein 0 ° of < θ≤2 ° with the angle of the vertical direction of fishplate bar upper surface to be welded, do not need in welding process draw welding plate or go out welding plate, first laser beam, first friction-stir head, second friction-stir head, the speed of welding of the second laser beam is identical, be 1.5-3m/min, the application point distance first friction-stir head application point horizontal range on to be welded fishplate bar surface of described first laser beam on fishplate bar surface to be welded is 3-6cm, described first friction-stir head and the application point horizontal range of the second agitating friction head on fishplate bar surface to be welded are 3-6cm, the application point distance second friction-stir head application point horizontal range on to be welded fishplate bar surface of described second laser beam on fishplate bar surface to be welded is 8-18cm, when welding, position to be welded is softened by described first laser beam, and described first friction-stir head and the second friction-stir head carry out friction welding at the tow sides of fishplate bar to be welded simultaneously, to be welded complete after the second laser beam to carry out weight to described soldered molten.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the thickness of described corrosion resistant plate is 30mm; The center line of described first laser beam is α=15 ° with the angle of the vertical direction on corrosion resistant plate surface, the laser power of described first laser beam is P1=1200w, the diameter dimension of laser beam irradiation laser facula is on stainless steel 3.5mm, and the laser power of described second laser beam is P2=3000w; The center line of described first friction-stir head and the second friction-stir head is θ=2 ° with the angle of the vertical direction on corrosion resistant plate surface; The distance of the application point of described first laser beam on corrosion resistant plate surface and the application point of the first friction-stir head on corrosion resistant plate surface is 4cm; Described first friction-stir head and the application point horizontal range of the second agitating friction head on corrosion resistant plate surface are 3cm, the application point of described second laser beam on corrosion resistant plate surface and the second friction-stir head application point distance on corrosion resistant plate surface is 12cm, the speed of welding of described first laser beam, the first friction-stir head, the second friction-stir head, the second laser beam is identical, is 1.5m/min.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the thickness of described corrosion resistant plate is 40mm; The center line of described first laser beam is α=30 ° with the angle of the vertical direction on corrosion resistant plate surface, the laser power of described first laser beam is P1=1600w, the diameter dimension of laser beam irradiation laser facula is on stainless steel 5mm, and the laser power of described second laser beam is P2=4500w; The center line of described first friction-stir head and the second friction-stir head is θ=0.5 ° with the angle of the vertical direction on corrosion resistant plate surface; The distance of the application point of described first laser beam on corrosion resistant plate surface and the application point of the first friction-stir head on corrosion resistant plate surface is 5cm; Described first friction-stir head and the application point horizontal range of the second agitating friction head on corrosion resistant plate surface are 5cm, the application point of described second laser beam on corrosion resistant plate surface and the second friction-stir head application point distance on corrosion resistant plate surface is 15cm, the speed of welding of described first laser beam, the first friction-stir head, the second friction-stir head, the second laser beam is identical, is 3m/min.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the thickness of described corrosion resistant plate is 50mm; The center line of described first laser beam is α=22 ° with the angle of the vertical direction on corrosion resistant plate surface, the laser power of described first laser beam is P1=2000w, the diameter dimension of laser beam irradiation laser facula is on stainless steel 3mm, and the laser power of described second laser beam is P2=6000w; The center line of described first friction-stir head and the second friction-stir head is θ=1 ° with the angle of the vertical direction on corrosion resistant plate surface; The distance of the application point of described first laser beam on corrosion resistant plate surface and the application point of the first friction-stir head on corrosion resistant plate surface is 4cm; Described first friction-stir head and the application point horizontal range of the second agitating friction head on corrosion resistant plate surface are 6cm, the application point of described second laser beam on corrosion resistant plate surface and the second friction-stir head application point distance on corrosion resistant plate surface is 18cm, the speed of welding of described first laser beam, the first friction-stir head, the second friction-stir head, the second laser beam is identical, is 2m/min.
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| JP5783218B2 (en) | 2013-10-16 | 2015-09-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Cylinder block and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP6284444B2 (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2018-02-28 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Friction stir welding method and friction stir welding apparatus |
| CN109070262B (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2021-09-10 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Friction stir welding method and apparatus for structural steel |
| CN110023024B (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2021-12-28 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | Method for manufacturing aluminum structural member |
| JP6357566B2 (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2018-07-11 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Method for manufacturing aluminum structural member |
| CN106808095B (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2019-10-18 | 北京工业大学 | Laser heats friction welding method |
| CN109483071B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2021-01-26 | 长沙理工大学 | Method for laser-friction stir composite welding of large-thickness plate |
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| US20060231595A1 (en) * | 2005-04-14 | 2006-10-19 | James Florian Quinn | Method for friction stir welding of dissimilar materials |
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| CN1675019A (en) * | 2002-08-07 | 2005-09-28 | 伊克利普斯航空公司 | Method of welding, by using for example friction stir welding, surfaces with polymers sealant and welded structure |
| JP3806397B2 (en) * | 2002-11-28 | 2006-08-09 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Stir welding method and stir welding apparatus |
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