CN103008601A - Pulse discharge auxiliary die-casting device and method - Google Patents
Pulse discharge auxiliary die-casting device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103008601A CN103008601A CN2013100250430A CN201310025043A CN103008601A CN 103008601 A CN103008601 A CN 103008601A CN 2013100250430 A CN2013100250430 A CN 2013100250430A CN 201310025043 A CN201310025043 A CN 201310025043A CN 103008601 A CN103008601 A CN 103008601A
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Abstract
The invention discloses pulse discharge auxiliary die-casting device and method, relates to discharge plasma die-casting device and method, belongs to the field of die-casting technologies and aims to solve the problems that the existing die-casting technology is high in energy consumption, preparation material is low in density, complex parts cannot be manufactured due to uneven pulse discharge temperature and pressure in the pulse discharge sintering technology. The pulse discharge auxiliary die-casting device comprises a feed rod, a hopper cover, a hopper, a graphite die, a graphite electrode, an auxiliary die, a die and a guide tube. The graphite die, the graphite electrode, a copper electrode and a graphite press head are added on the basis of conventional die-casting for pulse discharge, raw material applies machining residual metal scrap or waste metal fragments, material is placed in the hopper and pushed into the graphite die to be subjected to vacuum pumping, strong pulse is applied to two ends of the material to melt the material, and molten metal is extruded into a die cavity for forming. The pulse discharge auxiliary die-casting device and method are mainly applied to the die-casting technical fields, and waste raw material is effectively utilized to achieve environment friendliness.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of discharge plasma die casting equipment and method, belong to the die-casting technique field.
Background technology
Development along with science and technology, people are increasing to the demand of material and the energy, and one side needs us to tap a new source of energy and exploits raw material, from the angle of sustainable development, more need the energy savings from how, and how more to take full advantage of raw-material angle and seek new solution.Can be with the material of using if just think, the laughable tank done of aluminium for example, residual cutting swarf after the processing can recycling, then can successfully manage above problem.
Traditional extrusion process is to adopt molten metal to enter the die cavity after coagulation under the effect of drift to be shaped, and just needs refuse for old metal, and this will be because of its oxidation and material unaccounted-for (MUF).During simultaneously die casting, need to be incubated melt, this just needs to consume more energy, if the old metal bits directly can be melted or make semisolid die casting, then can utilize to a greater extent material.The problems such as the employing traditional heating mode heats metal fillings, exists heat time heating time long, and efficient is low, and prepared material density is low, and oxidation is serious.If these metal fillings remeltings owing to have larger specific area, when heating serious oxidation can occur, one is unfavorable for the control of alloying component, can introduce impurity, has also caused in addition the waste of material.
Process of pulse discharge also produces dc pulse voltage between powder particle except the Joule heat with hot pressed sintering and plastic deformation acceleration of sintering process, and effectively utilized the spontaneous heating effect of discharge generation between powder granule.Thereby produced the peculiar phenomenon that is conducive to heat of some process of pulse discharges.The first, because the discharge impact ripple of Pulsed Discharge and electronics, ion reciprocal flow at high speed in electric field can make the gas loss of powder absorption.The initial oxidation film of powder surface is breakdown to a certain extent, makes powder be purified, activate; Second, because pulse is moment, interrupted, high-frequency generation, at the powder particle heat discharge that produces of contact site not, and the Joule heat of powder particle contact site generation, all greatly promoted the diffusion of powder particle atom, much bigger than under the common hot pressing condition of its diffusion coefficient, thus reach the rapid melting of powder; The adding of the 3rd, On-Off fast-pulse makes discharge position and joule heat generating components in the powder, all can fast moving, and make the heating of powder can homogenising.
Yet concerning actual production, because the uneven distribution of temperature during pulsed discharge, in addition, because the pressure that loads in this process is axial one direction, or twocouese pressure, pressure is inhomogeneous, be difficult to prepare complex-shaped parts, fettered the application of this technology, need to improve equipment, the phenomenon of temperature and pressure skewness in the sample during with the elimination sintering; Need to increase its capacity multi-functional and pulse current, to satisfy the needs of preparation large scale product; Because at present apply pulse discharge is carried out being under pressure when powder sintered, the restriction of mould is difficult to prepare that some are large-scale, complex-shaped material; Also need to develop higher, the better novel die material of repeat usage of mold materials graphite intensity than present use, with the bearing capacity that improves mould and the expense that reduces mould.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is that existing die-casting technique energy consumption is high, prepared material density is low in order to solve, the inhomogeneous problem that causes preparing complex component of pulsed discharge temperature and pressure in the pulsed discharge sintering technology, the invention provides the auxiliary die casting equipment of a kind of pulsed discharge and method.
Die casting equipment is assisted in a kind of pulsed discharge, it comprises follower arm, hopper cover, hopper, graphite jig, graphite electrode, auxiliary mould, mould, conduit, described hopper cover is that axle is connected with hopper, described auxiliary mould is provided with cavity, discharging opening and charging aperture, in described cavity, be provided with graphite electrode, described graphite electrode is the slab construction with through hole, this graphite electrode can move up and down in cavity, be fixed with copper electrode on the sidewall of described auxiliary mould, this copper electrode is electrically connected all the time with graphite electrode, auxiliary mould is fixed on charging aperture one side of mould, and the discharging opening of auxiliary mould is communicated with the charging aperture of mould; One end of described conduit inserts in the charging aperture of auxiliary mould, and be fixedly connected with auxiliary mould, embed on the one end inwall of described conduit and be fixed with columnar graphite jig, this graphite jig along catheter shaft to length be L1, be fixed with hopper on the sidewall of conduit, and the bottom of hopper is communicated with the inner chamber of conduit, this hopper closes on a side of auxiliary mould and the air line distance between this auxiliary mould greater than L1, one end of described follower arm is with the graphite pressure head, the other end of follower arm is copper electrode, end with the graphite pressure head inserts in the conduit, the cavity of auxiliary mould is communicated with by vacuum tube with the inner chamber of hopper, the die cavity of mould, the cavity of auxiliary mould, the inner chamber of hopper forms the space that is communicated with the inner chamber of conduit.
Described graphite electrode is used for isolating described charging aperture and discharging opening between the charging aperture and discharging opening of auxiliary mould.
The through hole of described graphite electrode is between the charging aperture and discharging opening of auxiliary mould, so that the charging aperture of auxiliary mould is communicated with discharging opening.
The internal diameter of the charging aperture of described auxiliary mould is less than the internal diameter of discharging opening.
The two ends of the through hole of the described graphite electrode respectively charging aperture with auxiliary mould are relative with its discharging opening, and the internal diameter of the end that this through hole is adjacent with charging aperture is identical with the internal diameter of described charging aperture, and the internal diameter of the end that this through hole is adjacent with discharging opening is identical with the internal diameter of described discharging opening.
Adopt the auxiliary die casting equipment of described pulsed discharge to realize the method for die casting, the process of the method for described die casting is, at first make the through hole of graphite electrode between the charging aperture and discharging opening of auxiliary mould, so that charging aperture and the discharging opening of graphite electrode isolation auxiliary mould;
Inner chamber by the hopper conductive pipe adds materials, and then hopper cover is covered tightly, and the connected space that the inner chamber of the inner chamber of the cavity of the die cavity of mould, auxiliary mould, its discharging opening, hopper and conduit is formed vacuumizes, so that vacuum reaches 0.1MPa～10
-2Pa, at this moment, material is arranged in the confined space that graphite pressure head, graphite jig and graphite electrode form;
Between graphite jig, graphite electrode and graphite pressure head, promote blood circulation and rush electric current, add thermal material, after material all melts, keep electric current constant, mobile graphite electrode after 0～10 minute, make the through hole of graphite electrode between the charging aperture and discharging opening of auxiliary mould, so that the charging aperture of auxiliary mould and discharging opening are communicated with;
The promotion follower arm enters into the molten metal of melting in the die cavity of mould by the through hole of graphite electrode and the discharge opening of auxiliary mould, the pressure of control follower arm is at 0～200Mpa in the process that promotes follower arm, after the molten metal of the melting in the die cavity of wait mould solidifies, finish die casting.
The pulse frequency of described pulse current is 5～200Hz, and the size of current of pulse current is the DC-pulse of 200～8000A.
The present invention adds graphite jig, graphite electrode, copper electrode and graphite pressure head to carry out pulsed discharge on the basis of traditional die casting.Raw material adopts the metal fillings of residual processing, or the waste metal fragment, material is put into hopper after, push in the graphite jig, vacuumize, two ends apply By Impulsive Current melts material, then motlten metal is squeezed into the mold cavity moulding.
The present invention has realized casting die energy efficient 15%～30%, can prepare complex component, and the density of material of preparation improves 2%～10%, performance is good.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the auxiliary die casting equipment of a kind of pulsed discharge of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that the specific embodiment six described pressure casting methods carry out in the process to heating material the view during heating material;
Fig. 3 is that the specific embodiment six described pressure casting methods carry out behind the heating material, the material state schematic diagram when keeping electric current constant behind the material melting;
Fig. 4 is the material state schematic diagram when material will push fixing shaping the behind the mould after the specific embodiment six described pressure casting methods will melt.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: present embodiment is described referring to Fig. 1, die casting equipment is assisted in the described a kind of pulsed discharge of present embodiment, it comprises follower arm 1, hopper cover 2, hopper 3, graphite jig 5, graphite electrode 6, auxiliary mould 7, mould 8, conduit 12, described hopper cover 2 is connected for axle with hopper 3, described auxiliary mould 7 is provided with cavity 9, discharging opening 10 and charging aperture, in described cavity 9, be provided with graphite electrode 6, described graphite electrode 6 is the slab construction with through hole, this graphite electrode 6 can move up and down in cavity 9, be fixed with copper electrode 1-1 on the sidewall of described auxiliary mould 7, this copper electrode 1-1 is electrically connected all the time with graphite electrode 6, auxiliary mould 7 is fixed on charging aperture one side of mould 8, and the discharging opening 10 of auxiliary mould 7 is communicated with the charging aperture of mould 8; One end of described conduit 12 inserts in the charging aperture of auxiliary mould 7, and be fixedly connected with auxiliary mould 7, embed on the one end inwall of described conduit 12 and be fixed with columnar graphite jig 5, this graphite jig 5 is L1 along conduit 12 axial length, be fixed with hopper 3 on the sidewall of conduit 12, and the bottom of hopper 3 is communicated with the inner chamber of conduit 12, this hopper 3 closes on a side of auxiliary mould 7 and the air line distance between this auxiliary mould 7 greater than L1, one end of described follower arm 1 is with graphite pressure head 1-2, the other end of follower arm 1 is copper electrode 1-1, end with graphite pressure head 1-2 inserts in the conduit 12, the cavity 9 of auxiliary mould 7 is communicated with the die cavity of mould 8 with the inner chamber of hopper 3 by vacuum tube, the cavity 9 of auxiliary mould 7, the inner chamber of hopper 3 forms the space that is communicated with the inner chamber of conduit 12.
The specific embodiment two: the difference of the auxiliary die casting equipment of present embodiment and the specific embodiment one described a kind of pulsed discharge is, described graphite electrode 6 is used for isolating described charging aperture and discharging opening 10 between the charging aperture and discharging opening 10 of auxiliary mould 7.
The specific embodiment three: the difference of the auxiliary die casting equipment of present embodiment and the specific embodiment one described a kind of pulsed discharge is, the through hole of described graphite electrode 6 is between the charging aperture and discharging opening 10 of auxiliary mould 7, so that the charging aperture of auxiliary mould 7 is communicated with discharging opening 10.
The specific embodiment four: the difference of the auxiliary die casting equipment of present embodiment and the specific embodiment one described a kind of pulsed discharge is that the internal diameter of the charging aperture of described auxiliary mould 7 is less than the internal diameter of discharging opening 10.
The specific embodiment five: the difference of the auxiliary die casting equipment of present embodiment and the specific embodiment three described a kind of pulsed discharges is, the two ends of the through hole of the described graphite electrode 6 respectively charging aperture with auxiliary mould 7 are relative with its discharging opening 10, and the internal diameter of the end that this through hole is adjacent with charging aperture is identical with the internal diameter of described charging aperture, and the internal diameter of the end that this through hole and discharging opening 10 are adjacent is identical with the internal diameter of described discharging opening 10.
The specific embodiment six: present embodiment is described referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, present embodiment is to adopt the auxiliary die casting equipment of the specific embodiment one described pulsed discharge to realize the method for die casting, the process of the method for described die casting is, at first make the through hole of described graphite electrode 6 between the charging aperture and discharging opening 10 of auxiliary mould 7, so that charging aperture and the discharging opening 10 of graphite electrode 6 isolation auxiliary moulds 7;
Inner chamber by hopper 3 conductive pipe 12 adds materials, then hopper cover 2 is covered tightly, the connected space that the inner chamber of the inner chamber of the cavity 9 of the die cavity of mould 8, auxiliary mould 7, its discharging opening 10, hopper 3 and conduit 12 is formed vacuumizes, so that vacuum reaches 0.1MPa～10
-2Pa, at this moment, material is arranged in the confined space that graphite pressure head 1-2, graphite jig 5 and graphite electrode 6 form;
Between graphite jig 5, graphite electrode 6 and graphite pressure head 1-2, promote blood circulation and rush electric current, add thermal material, after material all melts, keep electric current constant, mobile graphite electrode 6 after 0～10 minute, make the through hole of graphite electrode 6 between the charging aperture and discharging opening 10 of auxiliary mould 7, so that the charging aperture of auxiliary mould 7 and discharging opening 10 are communicated with;
The specific embodiment seven: the difference of the auxiliary pressure casting method of present embodiment and the specific embodiment six described a kind of pulsed discharges is, the pulse frequency of described pulse current is 5～200Hz, and the size of current of pulse current is the DC-pulse of 200～8000A.
In the present embodiment, except between graphite pressure head 1-2, exerting pressure, also applied the DC pulse discharge, the plastic deformation acceleration of sintering process that causes except Joule heat and pressurization in this process, also between powder particle, produce dc pulse voltage, producing discharge, activated plasma under the pulse current effect between particle, by effectively utilizing the spontaneous heating effect of discharge generation between powder granule, this device has produced some distinctive phenomenons that are conducive to the powder rapid melting.The first, because the discharge impact ripple of Pulsed Discharge and electronics, ion reciprocal flow at high speed in electric field can make the gas loss of powder absorption, the initial oxidation film of powder surface is breakdown to a certain extent, makes powder be purified, activate; Second, because pulse is moment, interrupted, high-frequency generation, at the powder particle heat discharge that produces of contact site not, and the Joule heat of powder particle contact site generation, all greatly promoted the diffusion of powder particle atom, much bigger than under the common hot pressing condition of its diffusion coefficient, thus reach the powder rapid melting; The adding of the 3rd, On-Off fast-pulse makes discharge position and joule heat generating components in the powder, all can fast moving, and make the heating of powder can homogenising.Making pulse concentrate on the crystal grain junction is the characteristics that DC-pulse applies process.DC-pulse applies in the process, when discharging between the particle, can instantaneous generation spend to the localized hyperthermias of 10,000 degree up to several thousand, thereby accelerate the fusing of particle, in general, the implementation process of this device can be regarded as the result of particle discharge, conductive heater and pressurization comprehensive function.
In the process of pulse discharge, when discharging between the particle, can instantaneous generation spend to the localized hyperthermias of 10,000 degree up to several thousand, cause evaporation and fusing at particle surface; Form neck at grain contact point, because heat is delivered to particle surface immediately from the heating center and to diffusion all around, neck cools off fast and makes vapour pressure be lower than other positions; Crystal grain is all strengthened by effect, body diffusion, the crystal boundary diffusion of Current Heating and vertical uniaxial pressure, has accelerated densification process.
The present invention combines die-casting technique and pulsed discharge sintering technology, utilizes pulsed discharge so that the metal fillings Fast Heating reaches fusing or semi-solid state, utilizes die-casting technique with melting or semi-solid molten metal extrusion forming.Can realize twice laid like this, remaining cutting swarf after for example processing, the metal after the use waits as raw material; Realize energy-saving and emission-reduction, because the efficient of pulsed discharge is high, can reduce the energy consumption of metal molten; The material that processability is good, because the prepared material of pulsed discharge has even tissue, the performance of material is improved thereby crystal grain is tiny; Prepare baroque parts, the pulsed discharge sintering is owing to be under pressure and the restriction of mould can not prepare complex component, but utilizes die casting the stress metal compacted under after the pulsed discharge can be prepared Complex Parts, and realizes producing continuously.
Claims (7)
1. die casting equipment is assisted in a pulsed discharge, it is characterized in that, it comprises follower arm (1), hopper cover (2), hopper (3), graphite jig (5), graphite electrode (6), auxiliary mould (7), mould (8), conduit (12), described hopper cover (2) is connected for axle with hopper (3), described auxiliary mould (7) is provided with cavity (9), discharging opening (10) and charging aperture, in described cavity (9), be provided with graphite electrode (6), described graphite electrode (6) is the slab construction with through hole, this graphite electrode (6) can move up and down in cavity (9), be fixed with copper electrode (1-1) on the sidewall of described auxiliary mould (7), this copper electrode (1-1) is electrically connected all the time with graphite electrode (6), auxiliary mould (7) is fixed on charging aperture one side of mould (8), and the discharging opening (10) of auxiliary mould (7) is communicated with the charging aperture of mould (8); One end of described conduit (12) inserts in the charging aperture of auxiliary mould (7), and be fixedly connected with auxiliary mould (7), embed on the one end inwall of described conduit (12) and be fixed with columnar graphite jig (5), this graphite jig (5) is L1 along the axial length of conduit (12), be fixed with hopper (3) on the sidewall of conduit (12), and the bottom of hopper (3) is communicated with the inner chamber of conduit (12), this hopper (3) closes on a side of auxiliary mould (7) and the air line distance between this auxiliary mould (7) greater than L1, one end of described follower arm (1) is with graphite pressure head (1-2), the other end of follower arm (1) is copper electrode (1-1), end with graphite pressure head (1-2) inserts in the conduit (12), the cavity (9) of auxiliary mould (7) is communicated with the die cavity of mould (8) with the inner chamber of hopper (3) by vacuum tube, the cavity (9) of auxiliary mould (7), the inner chamber of hopper (3) forms the space that is communicated with the inner chamber of conduit (12).
2. die casting equipment is assisted in a kind of pulsed discharge according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described graphite electrode (6) is positioned between the charging aperture and discharging opening (10) of auxiliary mould (7), is used for isolating described charging aperture and discharging opening (10).
3. die casting equipment is assisted in a kind of pulsed discharge according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the through hole of described graphite electrode (6) is positioned between the charging aperture and discharging opening (10) of auxiliary mould (7), so that the charging aperture of auxiliary mould (7) is communicated with discharging opening (10).
4. the auxiliary die casting equipment of a kind of pulsed discharge according to claim 1 is characterized in that the internal diameter of the charging aperture of described auxiliary mould (7) is less than the internal diameter of discharging opening (10).
5. die casting equipment is assisted in a kind of pulsed discharge according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the two ends of the through hole of described graphite electrode (6) the respectively charging aperture with auxiliary mould (7) are relative with its discharging opening (10), and the internal diameter of the end that this through hole is adjacent with charging aperture is identical with the internal diameter of described charging aperture, and the internal diameter of the end that this through hole is adjacent with discharging opening (10) is identical with the internal diameter of described discharging opening (10).
6. adopt the auxiliary die casting equipment of a kind of pulsed discharge claimed in claim 1 to realize the method for die casting, it is characterized in that, the process of described pressure casting method is: described graphite electrode (6) is positioned between the charging aperture and discharging opening (10) of auxiliary mould (7), so that charging aperture and the discharging opening (10) of graphite electrode (6) isolation auxiliary mould (7);
Inner chamber by hopper (3) conductive pipe (12) adds materials, then hopper cover (2) is covered tightly, the connected space that the inner chamber of the inner chamber of the cavity (9) of the die cavity of mould (8), auxiliary mould (7), its discharging opening (10), hopper (3) and conduit (12) is formed vacuumizes, so that vacuum reaches 0.1MPa～10
-2Pa, at this moment, material is arranged in the confined space that graphite pressure head (1-2), graphite jig (5) and graphite electrode (6) form;
Between graphite jig (5), graphite electrode (6) and graphite pressure head (1-2), promote blood circulation and rush electric current, add thermal material, after material all melts, keep electric current constant, mobile graphite electrode (6) after 0～10 minute, the through hole of graphite electrode (6) is positioned between the charging aperture and discharging opening (10) of auxiliary mould (7), so that the charging aperture of auxiliary mould (7) and discharging opening (10) are communicated with;
Promotion follower arm (1) enters into the molten metal of melting in the die cavity of mould (8) by the through hole of graphite electrode (6) and the discharge opening of auxiliary mould (7), in the process that promotes follower arm (1), control the pressure of follower arm (1) at 0～200Mpa, after the molten metal of the melting in the die cavity of wait mould (8) solidifies, finish die casting.
7. the auxiliary pressure casting method of a kind of pulsed discharge according to claim 6 is characterized in that the pulse frequency of described pulse current is 5～200Hz, and the size of current of pulse current is the DC-pulse of 200～8000A.
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| CN201310025043.0A CN103008601B (en) | 2013-01-23 | 2013-01-23 | Pulse discharge auxiliary die-casting device and method |
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| CN201310025043.0A CN103008601B (en) | 2013-01-23 | 2013-01-23 | Pulse discharge auxiliary die-casting device and method |
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| CN103008601B CN103008601B (en) | 2014-10-29 |
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Cited By (7)
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| CN106077655A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2016-11-09 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of pulsed discharge aluminium section bar process units and method |
| CN106111988A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2016-11-16 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of pulsed discharge copper section bar process units and method |
| CN106216681A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2016-12-14 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of pulsed discharge swage material process units and method |
| CN106216682A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2016-12-14 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of pulsed discharge titanium-type material process units and method |
| CN110586900A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2019-12-20 | 常州铭赛机器人科技股份有限公司 | Hot-press forming method of metal hot-press forming device |
| CN110605372A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2019-12-24 | 常州铭赛机器人科技股份有限公司 | Metal hot-press forming device |
| CN112658221A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-16 | 西安交通大学 | Continuous casting method of high-entropy alloy |
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| CN112658221A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-16 | 西安交通大学 | Continuous casting method of high-entropy alloy |
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| CN103008601B (en) | 2014-10-29 |
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