CN106714359A - Directional solidification ceramic sintering device and method based on discharge plasma - Google Patents
Directional solidification ceramic sintering device and method based on discharge plasma Download PDFInfo
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- CN106714359A CN106714359A CN201710024652.2A CN201710024652A CN106714359A CN 106714359 A CN106714359 A CN 106714359A CN 201710024652 A CN201710024652 A CN 201710024652A CN 106714359 A CN106714359 A CN 106714359A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/54—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from molten material, e.g. slag refractory ceramic materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
- B28B17/02—Conditioning the material prior to shaping
- B28B17/026—Conditioning ceramic materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
- C04B2235/666—Applying a current during sintering, e.g. plasma sintering [SPS], electrical resistance heating or pulse electric current sintering [PECS]
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a directional solidification ceramic sintering device and method based on discharge plasmas, and belongs to the ceramic sintering field; the device comprises the following units: a discharge cavity including at least one outer chamber and a central column vertically arranged in the chamber, wherein the outer chamber has a top opening, and the bottom of the outer chamber is provided with an extrusion port; a fixed device used for fixing the central column so as to prevent the central column outer wall from making contacts with the inner wall of the outer chamber; a central electrode arranged on the central column and a plurality of embedded electrodes evenly arranged on the wall of the outer chamber; a high frequency power supply with the cathode and anode respectively electrically connected with the central electrode and the embedded electrodes through wires; a pressure member movably arranged in the annular space; a traction member arranged in the extrusion port; a cooler arranged below the extrusion port; a shaper arranged below the cooler outlet; the traction member is used for dragging a ceramic molten mass in the discharge cavity to the cooler and shaper. The device can continuously sinter with high efficiency, thus obtaining densification ceramics with microcrystalline textures and different structures.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ceramic post sintering field, more particularly to a kind of directional solidification ceramic post sintering dress based on plasma discharging
Put and method.
Background technology
Directional solidification ceramics prepared by the method based on directional solidification have distinctive eutectic microcrystalline structure and extremely low hole
Gap rate, this make the ceramics have heat-resisting quantity, high tenacity, high intensity, it is multi-functional the features such as, be ceramic material in high-end field
Application provide new outlet.Ceramic material is prepared using the mode such as the high frequency induction power supply in traditional handicraft or thermocouple heating
Material, with firing rate is slow, the low shortcoming of cooling velocity, this makes the microcrystalline structure of ceramic material during heating with cooling
There is the sufficient time to grow up roughening, it is difficult to form tiny microcrystalline structure, and produce serious dendritic segregation, the ceramic material of influence
The performance of material.At present, discharge plasma sintering can be sintered and be obtained with microcrystalline structure as a kind of method of novel sintering
Ceramic material, and the method has that sintering temperature is low, the time is short, less energy consumption the features such as, therefore provide it is a kind of based on electric discharge etc. from
The directional solidification ceramic post sintering device of son is very necessary.
Prior art provides a kind of powder metallurgy discharge plasma sintering system, can be used for sintering ceramic powder etc., should
System include be sequentially connected centralized control device, control device, pressue device, impulse current generator, upper stamping die and under
Stamping die.Wherein, centralized control device can the group such as integrated displacement measurement, control climate (vacuum/argon gas), water-cooled, temperature survey
Part, centralized control device is electrically connected with control device, and for controlling control device, control device to drive pressue device and drive
Upper stamping die and lower stamping die are performed relative motion or moved opposite to each other, and control device is also by impulse current generator punching upwards respectively
Pressing mold and lower stamping die apply pulse current.Upper punching press film includes Top electrode and seaming chuck, and undershoot press mold includes bottom electrode with
Pressure head, is placed with mould, and the lower end of seaming chuck and the upper end of push-down head respectively positioned at mould between seaming chuck and push-down head
At upper and lower opening.When ceramic powders sintering is carried out, in the mould that ceramic powders are placed between seaming chuck and push-down head, by control
Centralized control device processed, stamping die and lower stamping die carry out Current Heating and vertical unidirectional to ceramic powders crystal grain in realization
Pressure, so that ceramic powders densification sintering, sinters and be can obtain and mould structure identical ceramic body after finishing.
Inventor has found that prior art at least has problems with：
The structure of the ceramic body obtained using above-mentioned powder metallurgy discharge plasma sintering system sintering depends on seaming chuck
The structure of the mould and push-down head between, and the system is unable to continuous prodution.
The content of the invention
Embodiment of the present invention technical problem to be solved is, there is provided one kind can have different knots with continuous prodution
The directional solidification ceramic post sintering device and method based on plasma discharging of the ceramic material of structure.Concrete technical scheme is as follows：
In a first aspect, a kind of directional solidification ceramic post sintering device based on plasma discharging is the embodiment of the invention provides,
Described device includes：Discharging chamber, including at least one outer chamber and be vertically arranged in each described exocoel intracoelomic cavity
Post, the upper end open of each outer chamber, lower end is provided with extrusion；Fixing device, for fixing the center pillar, makes institute
Inwall of the outer wall of center pillar not with the outer chamber is stated to contact；At least one central electrode, is separately positioned on each described center pillar
On, contacted with the ceramic powders being seated in the outer chamber；Multiple embedded electrodes, are arranged on the outer chamber, with
The ceramic powders contact；High frequency electric source, negative pole and positive pole are described with the central electrode and multiple embedded respectively by wire
Electrode is electrically connected；Pressure piece, is movably disposed in the annular space between the outer chamber and the center pillar；Traction piece,
It is arranged at the extrusion；Cooler, is arranged on the lower section of the extrusion；Former, is arranged on going out for the cooler
At mouthful；The traction piece is used to draw the ceramic molten mass formed in the discharging chamber to the cooler and the shaping
In device.
Specifically, preferably, the fixing device includes top board, base plate and fixes the top board and the base plate
Multiple reinforce bolts；The top board lid is connected mounted in the upper end of the outer chamber with the center pillar, is set on the top board
It is equipped with multiple through holes for through the pressure piece and wire；The base plate is abutted with the lower end of the outer chamber, institute
State the through hole being provided with base plate for through the traction piece.
Specifically, preferably, the lower end of the outer chamber is horizontally arranged with temperature-measuring port；The temperature-measuring port is squeezed with described
Outlet.
Specifically, preferably, the central electrode includes the first insertion section being connected and the first electric discharge section, described first
Through being arranged on the center pillar, the upper end of the first electric discharge section is connected embedded section with the lower end of the center pillar；It is multiple described
Embedded electrode includes the second insertion section being connected and the second electric discharge section, and the second insertion section is embedded in the wall of the outer chamber
Interior, the second electric discharge section is arranged on the inwall of the outer chamber and extends at the extrusion；The first electric discharge section
Spacing with the described second electric discharge section reaches minimum at the extrusion.
Specifically, preferably, the first electric discharge section is in the form of a column body structure, and lower end sets camber；It is multiple described
The wall of the second electric discharge section coordinates the structure for constituting and being adapted with the described first electric discharge section.
Specifically, preferably, the first electric discharge section is in the form of a column body structure, and lower end sets tapered；It is multiple described
The wall of the second electric discharge section coordinates the structure for constituting and being adapted with the described first electric discharge section.
Specifically, preferably, the central electrode also includes the insertion body being connected with the lower end of the described first electric discharge section,
The insertion body penetrates the extrusion, and forms annular gap between the extrusion.
Specifically, preferably, the pressure piece includes multiple pressure pistons and annular porous pressure head；The annular porous
Pressure head is arranged in the annular space between the outer chamber and the center pillar, for depressing being positioned in the annular space
Ceramic powders；The lower end of multiple pressure pistons offsets with the upper end of the annular porous pressure head.
Specifically, preferably, described device also includes working power and driving member；The traction piece, the former,
The driving member is electrically connected with the working power；The driving member is connected with the pressure piston, to drive the pressure
Piston presses.
Second aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides carries out the directional solidification burning based on plasma discharging using said apparatus
The method for tying ceramics, methods described includes：
The ceramic powders that will be prepared load in the space between outer chamber and center pillar, using pressure piece to the ceramic powder
End pressure is simultaneously compacted.
Start high frequency electric source, central electrode and multiple embedded electrode release pulse currents, activate the ceramic powders, together
High temperature thermal field is formed between Shi Suoshu central electrodes and the embedded electrode, the ceramic powders are heated.
At the same time, the ceramic powders are continued using the pressure piece to pressurize, after after ceramic powders melting, is adopted
With traction piece and coordinate the thrust of the pressure piece slowly traction to cooler directional solidification is cooled down by ceramic molten mass, then will
Ceramic molten mass after directional solidification cooling is drawn to former, compressing.
The beneficial effect that technical scheme provided in an embodiment of the present invention is brought is：
Directional solidification ceramic post sintering device based on plasma discharging provided in an embodiment of the present invention, by setting discharge cavity
Body and central electrode and multiple embedded electrodes are respectively provided with the center pillar of discharging chamber and on outer chamber, in being easy to make to be located at
Ceramic powders activation between heart electrode and multiple embedded electrodes, and make to form high temperature between central electrode and multiple embedded electrodes
Thermal field, is easy to quick, the efficient melting of ceramic powders.By setting high frequency electric source, it is easy to make central electrode and multiple embedded
Electrode discharges pulse current, so that ceramic powders are activated, reduces the temperature of ceramic powders melting, reduces energy consumption.Pressed by setting
Power part, is easy to the air extrusion in ceramic powders, ceramic powders is in nearly vacuum state, to ensure that sintering obtains densification
Ceramic material.By setting traction piece, it is easy to draw ceramic molten mass to cooler directional solidification, there is crystallite to be formed
The ceramic solidification three body of tissue, further presses the ceramic body of multiple different structures in traction to former.It can be seen that, this hair
The directional solidification ceramic post sintering device based on plasma discharging that bright embodiment is provided being capable of efficient, the disposable burning in serialization ground
Knot obtains the ceramic body of the different structure with microcrystalline structure, densification.
Brief description of the drawings
Technical scheme in order to illustrate more clearly the embodiments of the present invention, below will be to that will make needed for embodiment description
Accompanying drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, for
For those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, other can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings
Accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the directional solidification ceramic post sintering device based on plasma discharging provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 2-1 is the lower end that is provided with provided in an embodiment of the present invention for the central electrode of pyramidal structure and putting for embedded electrode
The structural representation of electric cavity；
Fig. 2-2 is the lower end that is provided with provided in an embodiment of the present invention with the central electrode of insertion body and putting for embedded electrode
The structural representation of electric cavity；
Fig. 2-3 is the structural representation of discharging chamber when outer chamber provided in an embodiment of the present invention is four.
Wherein, reference is represented respectively：
1 discharging chamber,
101 outer chambers,
1011 extrusions,
1012 temperature-measuring ports,
102 center pillars,
2 fixing devices,
201 top boards,
202 base plates,
203 reinforce bolt,
3 central electrodes,
4 embedded electrodes,
5 high frequency electric sources,
6 pressure pieces,
601 pressure pistons,
602 annular porous pressure heads,
7 traction pieces,
8 coolers,
9 formers.
Specific embodiment
Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used by the embodiment of the present invention are respectively provided with usual with those skilled in the art
The identical implication of understanding.To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to this hair
Bright implementation method is described in further detail.
In a first aspect, a kind of directional solidification ceramic post sintering device based on plasma discharging is the embodiment of the invention provides,
As shown in Figure 1, the device includes：Discharging chamber 1, fixing device 2, at least one central electrode 3 and multiple embedded electrodes 4,
High frequency electric source 5, pressure piece 6, traction piece 7, cooler 8, former 9.Wherein, discharging chamber 1 includes at least one outer chamber 101
And it is vertically arranged in the center pillar 102 of each inner chamber of outer chamber 101, and the upper end open of each outer chamber 101, lower end is provided with
Extrusion 1011；Fixing device 2 is used to fix center pillar 102, contacts inwall of the outer wall of center pillar 102 not with outer chamber 101；Extremely
A few central electrode 3 is separately positioned on each center pillar 102, is contacted with the ceramic powders being seated in outer chamber 101；It is multiple
Embedded electrode 4 is arranged on outer chamber 101, is contacted with ceramic powders；The negative pole and positive pole of high frequency electric source 5 by wire respectively with
Central electrode 3 and multiple embedded electrodes 4 are electrically connected；Pressure piece 6 is movably disposed between outer chamber 101 and center pillar 102
In annular space；Traction piece 7 is arranged at extrusion 1011；Cooler 8 is arranged on the lower section of extrusion 1011；Former 9 sets
Put in the exit of cooler 8；Traction piece 7 be used for by the ceramic molten mass formed in discharging chamber 1 draw to cooler 8 and into
In type device 9.
Just the work of the directional solidification ceramic post sintering device based on plasma discharging provided in an embodiment of the present invention is former below
Reason gives and describes：
At least one central electrode 3 is connected with the negative pole of high frequency electric source 5 first (will be many when central electrode 3 has multiple
Negative pole after the parallel connection of individual central electrode 3 again with high frequency electric source 5 is connected), the embedded electrode 4 of multiple is connected with the positive pole of high frequency electric source 5
(positive pole after the embedded parallel connection of electrode 4 of multiple again with high frequency electric source 5 is connected).Then the ceramic powders that will be prepared load outer chamber
In 101, will ceramic powders be placed in the annular space formed between center pillar 102 and outer chamber 101 that (annular space includes outer
The space formed between the side wall of cavity 101 and the side wall of center pillar 102 and the bottom wall and the bottom wall of center pillar 102 of outer chamber 101
Between formed space).Then ceramic powders are pressed and is compacted using pressure piece 6, to reduce the sky in ceramic powders gap
Gas, makes ceramic powders be in nearly vacuum state.Further start high frequency electric source 5, central electrode 3 and embedded electrode 4 release arteries and veins
Rush electric current so that ceramic powder is activated, and produced between central electrode 3 and embedded electrode 4 high temperature thermal field (i.e. center pillar 102 with
High temperature thermal field is produced between outer chamber 101), ceramic powders are melted, at the same time, ceramic powders are applied using pressure piece 6
Pressure, so that the ceramic body densification that the later stage obtains.After after ceramic powders melting, using traction piece 7 and coordinate the thrust of pressure piece 6
By ceramic molten mass, slowly traction to the directional solidification of cooler 8 is cooled down, to obtain the ceramic solidification three body with microcrystalline structure, due to
The chilling temperature of cooler 8 is far below the temperature of high temperature thermal field, therefore reduces the growth rate of crystal grain, to reach directional solidification
Purpose.Then ceramic solidification three body is drawn into former 9 extremely, ceramic solidification three body is pressed into predetermined structure, passed through by former 9
Control former 9 uses different formers 9, can obtain to serialization the ceramic body of multiple different structures, until electric discharge
Ceramic molten mass in cavity 1 is pulled out completely.
It should be noted that the material of outer chamber 101 and center pillar 102 is with high temperature resistant, coefficient of thermal expansion be small, low heat conduction system
The material such as number, the zirconium oxide of high mechanical strength, aluminum oxide, quartz.Central electrode 3 and embedded electrode 4 for it is conductive it is excellent,
The conductive materials such as the high temperature resistant graphite incompatible with agglomerated material, titanium nitride.Former 9 is the apparatus with shaping function, example
Such as roll and other moulds.
Understood based on above-mentioned, the directional solidification ceramic post sintering device based on plasma discharging provided in an embodiment of the present invention,
By setting discharging chamber 1 and being respectively provided with the center pillar 102 of discharging chamber 1 and on outer chamber 101 central electrode 3 and many
Individual embedded electrode 4, is easy to activate the ceramic powders being located between central electrode 3 and multiple embedded electrodes 4, and make central electrode
High temperature thermal field is formed between 3 and multiple embedded electrodes 4, is easy to quick, the efficient melting of ceramic powders.By setting high-frequency electrical
Source 5, is easy to make central electrode 3 and the multiple embedded release of electrode 4 pulse currents, so that ceramic powders are activated, reduces ceramic powders
The temperature of melting, reduces energy consumption.By setting pressure piece 6, it is easy to the air extrusion in ceramic powders, makes ceramic powder end
In nearly vacuum state, to ensure to sinter the ceramic material for obtaining densification.By setting traction piece 7, it is easy to lead ceramic molten mass
The directional solidification of cooler 8 is caused, to form the ceramic solidification three body with microcrystalline structure, further compacting in traction to former 9
Mold the ceramic body of multiple different structures.It can be seen that, the directional solidification pottery based on plasma discharging provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Porcelain sintering equipment can disposably sinter the pottery for obtaining the different structure with microcrystalline structure, densification to efficient, serialization
Porcelain body.
As shown in accompanying drawing 2-1, accompanying drawing 2-2 and accompanying drawing 2-3, discharging chamber 1 can include an outer chamber 101, Huo Zheduo
Individual outer chamber 101, when discharging chamber 1 includes multiple outer chambers 101, different originals can be respectively placed in each outer chamber 101
The ceramic powders of composition are expected, in order to the ceramic body of disposal molding different material composition.It should be noted that working as discharging chamber
1 when including multiple outer chamber 101, and each outer chamber 101 is provided with the traction piece 7 for matching, a cooler 8, former
9, obtain the ceramic body with different material composition in order to shaping simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 1, fixing device 2 includes top board 201, base plate 202 and fixes top board 201 and base plate 202
Multiple reinforces bolt 203；The lid of top board 201 is connected mounted in the upper end of outer chamber 101 with center pillar 102, is set on top board 201
There are multiple through holes for through pressure piece 6 and wire；Base plate 202 is abutted with the lower end of outer chamber 101, on base plate 202
It is provided with for the through hole through traction piece 7.Set fixing device 2 to be easy to fix discharging chamber 1, and center pillar 102 fixed,
So that inwall of the outer wall of center pillar 102 not with outer chamber 101 is contacted, it is easy to be set respectively on center pillar 102 and on outer chamber 101
Put central electrode 3 and embedded electrode 4.Wherein, the top board 201 and base plate 202 of fixing device 2 are discoideus structure, this knot
The top board 201 and the simple structure of base plate 202 of structure, easily obtain, and are easy to match somebody with somebody with the upper and lower ends of the outer chamber 101 of column structure
Close.And it is relatively uniform on top board 201 and base plate 202 be provided with multiple bolts hole, multiple is reinforced bolts 203 and is each passed through relatively
Bolt hole, and fixed with supporting nut, discharging chamber 1 is fixed in fixing device 2.
Rested easily within base plate 202 for the ease of discharging chamber 1, the lower end of outer chamber 101 is set to planar junction
Structure.Wherein, as shown in Figure 1, the lower end of outer chamber 101 is horizontally arranged with temperature-measuring port 1012；And temperature-measuring port 1012 and extrusion
Mouth 1011 is connected, and temperature-measuring part such as thermocouple, thermal resistance is placed in temperature-measuring port 1012, to measure the temperature of ceramic molten mass
Degree, according to the temperature of ceramic molten mass, can further adjust pressure piece 6 and ceramic powders are applied with stressed size, with section
On the premise of energy, ceramic powders are made to melt completely.
In embodiments of the present invention, central electrode 3 includes the first insertion section being connected and the first electric discharge section, the first insertion section
Through being arranged on center pillar 102, the upper end of the first electric discharge section is connected with the lower end of center pillar 102；The embedded electrode 4 of multiple includes phase
The second insertion section and the second electric discharge section even, in the wall of the second insertion section insertion outer chamber 101, the second electric discharge section is arranged on exocoel
On the inwall of body 101 and extend at extrusion 1011.It is arranged such central electrode 3 and embedded electrode 4 is easy to central electrode 3
It is separately fixed on center pillar 102 and outer chamber 101 with embedded electrode 4, is easy to implement the conduction of central electrode 3 and embedded electrode 4
With electric discharge, even if central electrode 3 first insertion section and embedded electrode 4 second insertion section respectively be connected high frequency electric source 5
Wire is connected, and the first electric discharge section of central electrode 3 and the second electric discharge section of embedded electrode 4 release pulse current.Wherein, first is embedding
Enter section to be located at the axis of center pillar 102, can be with integrated composition between central electrode 3 and center pillar 102.Wherein, the first electric discharge
The spacing of section and the second electric discharge section reaches the electric discharge radius of minimum, i.e. region of discharge by up to extrusion 1011 at extrusion 1011
Place reduces, and temperature correspondingly increases, is easy to make ceramic powders carry out pre-sintering in the relatively low region of temperature, in temperature region high
Melt completely.
Wherein, the structure of central electrode 3 and embedded electrode 4 has various, for example, used as a kind of implementation method：It is such as attached
Shown in Fig. 1 and accompanying drawing 2-3, the first electric discharge section is in the form of a column body structure, and lower end sets camber；Multiple second wall for discharging section is matched somebody with somebody
Close the structure for constituting and being adapted with the first electric discharge section.The central electrode 3 and embedded electrode 4 of this kind of structure are easily set, Neng Gouman
Sufficient ceramic powders carry out process that is pre-sintered and melting completely in region of discharge.Now, the multiple second wall for discharging section coordinates and constitutes
The Internal periphery of structure is consistent with the outline structure of the first electric discharge section, simply of different sizes.Wherein, the first electric discharge section and second
Spacing size between electric discharge section from top to bottom first keeps constant, to form electric discharge homogeneity range；At the arc of central electrode 3,
Spacing between first electric discharge section and the second electric discharge section is tapered into, to form electric discharge compact district.
As another embodiment：As shown in accompanying drawing 2-1, the first electric discharge section is in the form of a column body structure, and lower end is arranged to
Taper；Multiple second wall for discharging section coordinates the structure for constituting and being adapted with the first electric discharge section.The He of central electrode 3 of this kind of structure
Embedded electrode 4 is easily set, and disclosure satisfy that ceramic powders carry out process that is pre-sintered and melting completely in region of discharge, and lower end sets
The central electrode 3 for putting tapered body structure easily discharges.Now, the multiple second wall for discharging section coordinates the Internal periphery for constituting structure
Outline structure with the first electric discharge section is consistent, simply of different sizes.Wherein, between the first electric discharge section and the second electric discharge section
Spacing size from top to bottom first keeps constant, to form electric discharge homogeneity range；At the bullet of the lower end of central electrode 3, first puts
Spacing between electric section and the second electric discharge section is tapered into, to form electric discharge compact district.
The electric discharge compact district small in order to further expand electric discharge radius, it is ensured that the ceramic melt pulled out by extrusion 1011
Melt body can be melted fully, and the structure of the central electrode 3 that can be provided above two embodiment is improved.Specifically, in
Heart electrode 3 also includes the insertion body being connected with the lower end of the first electric discharge section, and insertion body penetrates extrusion 1011, and and extrusion
Annular gap is formed between 1011, referring to accompanying drawing 2-2, ceramic molten mass can be led in the presence of traction piece 7 by annular gap
Draw.
As shown in Figure 1, pressure piece 6 includes multiple pressure pistons 601 and annular porous pressure head 602；Annular porous pressure head
602 are arranged in the annular space between outer chamber 101 and center pillar 102, for depressing the ceramic powder being positioned in annular space
End；The lower end of multiple pressure pistons 601 offsets with the upper end of annular porous pressure head 602.It is many annular to be given by pressure piston 601
The first 602 pressure effect of pore pressure, the extruding ceramic powders of annular porous pressure head 602 make the gas in ceramic powders by annular porous pressure
First 602 hole extrusion, so that the ceramic powders in discharging chamber 1 are in the state of nearly vacuum, is easy to the pottery being densified
Porcelain body.Wherein, annular porous pressure head 602 is the ring junction being engaged between the outer wall of center pillar 102 and the inwall of outer chamber 101
The porous material of structure, in order to when pressure piston 601 extrudes annular porous pressure head 602, ceramic powders can be subject to downward
Pressure.Can be to the diverse location of annular porous pressure head 602 force, preferably pressure piston 601 for the ease of pressure piston 601
Number be four, and flow uniformly across the top board 201 of fixing device 2.
Wherein, the material of annular porous pressure head 602 can be the conductive material such as graphite, titanium nitride, or zirconium oxide, oxygen
Change aluminium, quartz etc. electrically non-conductive material, and the features such as with high temperature resistant, small coefficient of thermal expansion, low thermal conductivity, high mechanical strength.
Directional solidification ceramic post sintering device based on plasma discharging provided in an embodiment of the present invention also includes working power
And driving member；Traction piece 7, former 9, driving member are electrically connected with working power；Driving member is connected with pressure piston 601, with
Driving pressure piston 601 presses.Setting working power is traction piece 7, former 9, driving member provides electric energy, so that traction piece 7,
Former 9, driving member mutual cooperation work.Driving member can provide power for pressure piston 601, with 601 pairs, driving pressure piston
The various location force of the upper end of annular porous pressure head 602.Wherein, driving member can be for hydraulic transmission or equipped with motor
Screw rod.
In embodiments of the present invention, traction piece 7 is rotation traction traction bar, and its top can be screw-rod structure, in order to make pottery
Porcelain molten mass is pulled out, by step motor control screw rod rotary extension.The type of cooling of cooler 8 is main based on water-cooled,
The aqueous water of circulation is passed through in cooler 8, by the feedwater heating indirectly of cooler 8, itself is cooled to solid-state to ceramic molten mass.
Former 9 can be roll, injecting molding die etc., can be obtained according to different shape and various sizes of roll or mould
Ceramic body with different structure, for example, can extrude linear, slab organization ceramic body using roll.
Second aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides carries out the directional solidification burning based on plasma discharging using said apparatus
The method for tying ceramics, the method includes：
The ceramic powders that to prepare load in the annular space between outer chamber 1 and center pillar 102, using pressure piece 6 pairs
Ceramic powders press and are compacted；
Start high frequency electric source 5, central electrode 3 and the multiple embedded release of electrode 4 pulse currents, activate ceramic powders, together
When between central electrode 3 and embedded electrode 4 formed high temperature thermal field, to ceramic powders heat；
At the same time, ceramic powders are continued using pressure piece 6 to pressurize, after ceramic powders are melted, using traction piece 7 simultaneously
Coordinate the thrust of pressure piece 6 slowly to draw to the cooling of the directional solidification of cooler 8 ceramic molten mass, then cool down directional solidification
Ceramic molten mass afterwards draws the former to startup 9, compressing.
The method that the device is based on the directional solidification sintering ceramics of plasma discharging is simple, being capable of efficient, serialization ground
Disposable sintering obtains the ceramic body of the different structure with microcrystalline structure, densification, can promote the use of on a large scale.
Specifically, the ceramic powders or ceramics that will can be prepared in advance are placed in the composite powder of other materials and put
In electric cavity 1, multiple pressure pistons 601 of pressure piece 6 are then made to annular porous pressure head 602 by working power and driving member
Force, so that annular porous pressure head 602 gives ceramic powders downward pressure, the air in ceramic powders gap is by annular porous
The hole extrusion of pressure head 602, ceramic powders are in nearly vacuum state, are sintered in order to later stage ceramic densifying.
Start high frequency electric source 5, the central electrode 3 being arranged on center pillar 102 and the embedded electricity being arranged on outer chamber 101
Pole 4 release pulse current, and when central electrode 3 first electric discharge section and embedded electrode 4 second electric discharge section between spacing by
When reducing up at extrusion 1011, the electric discharge radius of part is big on the inner chamber of discharging chamber 1, and the electric discharge radius of lower part is small,
This makes the temperature of the high temperature thermal field formed between central electrode 3 and embedded electrode 4 from top to bottom increase, so that ceramic powders are passed through
Melted completely again after crossing pre-sintering.During high frequency electric source 5 works, multiple pressure pistons 601 of pressure piece 6 are always to ring
The porous pressure head 602 of shape exerts a force, and the temperature that can be fed back according to the thermocouple being placed at the temperature-measuring port 1012 of the lower end of outer chamber 101 is big
It is small to adjust force size of the pressure piston 601 to annular porous pressure head 602.
Then use rotation traction traction bar and coordinate the thrust of pressure piece 6 to draw to cold based on water-cooled ceramic molten mass
But solidification cooling is oriented in device 8, ceramic solidification three body is obtained, further ceramic solidification three body is drawn using rotation traction traction bar
Be pressed to roll is the ceramic body of multiple different structures.
Wherein, the frequency of high frequency electric source 5 be 5-200Hz, electric current is 2500-5000A, for example frequency can for 5Hz,
35Hz, 50Hz, 80Hz, 100Hz, 180Hz, 200Hz etc., electric current can for 2500A, 3000A, 3500A, 4000A, 4500A,
5000A etc..High frequency electric source 5 with said frequencies and electric current can make central electrode 3 and embedded electrode 4 release pulse current,
So that ceramic powders are activated, and make to form high temperature heating power electric field between outer chamber 101 and center pillar 102.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, the protection domain being not intended to limit the invention is all in this hair
Within bright spirit and principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included in protection scope of the present invention
Within.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of directional solidification ceramic post sintering device based on plasma discharging, it is characterised in that described device includes：Discharge cavity
Body (1), including at least one outer chamber (101) and it is vertically arranged in the center pillar of each outer chamber (101) inner chamber
(102), the upper end open of each outer chamber (101), lower end is provided with extrusion (1011)；
Fixing device (2), for fixing the center pillar (102), make the outer wall of the center pillar (102) not with the outer chamber
(101) inwall contact；
At least one central electrode (3), is separately positioned on each described center pillar (102), and is seated in the outer chamber (101)
In ceramic powders contact；
Multiple embedded electrodes (4), are arranged on the outer chamber (101), are contacted with the ceramic powders；
High frequency electric source (5), negative pole and positive pole by wire respectively with the central electrode (3) and the multiple embedded electrode (4)
Electrical connection；
Pressure piece (6), is movably disposed in the annular space between the outer chamber (101) and the center pillar (102)；
Traction piece (7), is arranged on the extrusion (1011) place；
Cooler (8), is arranged on the lower section of the extrusion (1011)；
Former (9), is arranged on the exit of the cooler (8)；
The traction piece (7) for the ceramic molten mass formed in the discharging chamber (1) to be drawn to the cooler (8) and
In the former (9).
2. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the fixing device (2) includes top board (201), base plate
(202) and by the fixed multiple of the top board (201) and the base plate (202) bolt (203) is reinforced；
Top board (201) lid is connected, the top board mounted in the upper end of the outer chamber (101) with the center pillar (102)
(201) multiple through holes for through the pressure piece (6) and wire are provided with；
The base plate (202) abuts with the lower end of the outer chamber (101), is provided with for wearing on the base plate (202)
Cross the through hole of the traction piece (7).
3. device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the lower end of the outer chamber (101) is horizontally arranged with survey
Warm mouth (1012)；
The temperature-measuring port (1012) connects with the extrusion (1011).
4. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the central electrode (3) includes the first insertion section being connected
With the first electric discharge section, the first insertion section through being arranged on the center pillar (102), the upper end of the first electric discharge section and institute
State the lower end connection of center pillar (102)；
Multiple embedded electrodes (4) include the second insertion section being connected and the second electric discharge section, the second insertion section insertion
In the wall of the outer chamber (101), the second electric discharge section is arranged on the inwall of the outer chamber (101) and extends to described
Extrusion (1011) place；
The spacing of the first electric discharge section and the second electric discharge section reaches minimum at the extrusion (1011) place.
5. device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the first electric discharge section is in the form of a column body structure, and lower end sets
It is set to arc；
The wall of multiple second electric discharge sections coordinates the structure for constituting and being adapted with the described first electric discharge section.
6. device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the first electric discharge section is in the form of a column body structure, and lower end sets
It is set to taper；
The wall of multiple second electric discharge sections coordinates the structure for constituting and being adapted with the described first electric discharge section.
7. the device according to claim 5 or 6, it is characterised in that the central electrode (3) also includes being put with described first
The insertion body of the lower end connection of electric section, the insertion body penetrates the extrusion (1011), and with the extrusion (1011) it
Between form annular gap.
8. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the pressure piece (6) including multiple pressure pistons (601) and
Annular porous pressure head (602)；
The annular porous pressure head (602) is arranged on the annular space between the outer chamber (101) and the center pillar (102)
It is interior, for depressing the ceramic powders being positioned in the annular space；
The lower end of multiple pressure pistons (601) offsets with the upper end of the annular porous pressure head (602).
9. device according to claim 8, it is characterised in that described device also includes working power and driving member；
The traction piece (7), the former (9), the driving member are electrically connected with the working power；
The driving member is connected with the pressure piston (601), to drive the pressure piston (601) to press.
10. the directional solidification sintering ceramics based on plasma discharging are carried out using the device described in claim any one of 1-9
Method, it is characterised in that methods described includes：
The ceramic powders that will be prepared load in the space between outer chamber (101) and center pillar (102), right using pressure piece (6)
The ceramic powders press and are compacted；
Start high frequency electric source (5), central electrode (3) and multiple embedded electrode (4) release pulse currents, the ceramic powders is lived
Change, while forming high temperature thermal field between the central electrode (3) and the embedded electrode (4), the ceramic powders are heated；
At the same time, the ceramic powders are continued using the pressure piece (6) to pressurize, after after ceramic powders melting, is adopted
With traction piece (7) and coordinate the thrust of the pressure piece (6) slowly traction is cold to cooler (8) directional solidification by ceramic molten mass
But, the ceramic molten mass after then directional solidification is cooled down is drawn to former (9), compressing.
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