CN103004977B - Reversible ventilating box type drying machine and method for drying grain and oil crops - Google Patents

Reversible ventilating box type drying machine and method for drying grain and oil crops Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103004977B
CN103004977B CN201210532111.8A CN201210532111A CN103004977B CN 103004977 B CN103004977 B CN 103004977B CN 201210532111 A CN201210532111 A CN 201210532111A CN 103004977 B CN103004977 B CN 103004977B
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drying
box
air
air compartment
drying box
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CN103004977A (en
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谢焕雄
王海鸥
颜建春
顾峰玮
吴峰
张会娟
王建楠
于昭洋
仇春婷
高景魁
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Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
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Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
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Abstract

The invention relates to a box type drying machine, and belongs to the field of crop drying. A reversible ventilating box type drying machine comprises a closed drying box body, wherein ventilating openings are formed in one side of the drying box body and are connected with a fan through air inlet pipes; a temperature measurement sensor is arranged in the drying box body and is electrically connected with a controller; and the controller is electrically connected with heating equipment and the fan. The reversible ventilating box type drying machine is characterized in that two air inlet pipes and two ventilating openings are provided; the ventilating openings are formed in the lower part of the drying box body; a baffle is vertically arranged in the drying box body, so that the inner part of the drying box body is divided into two half box chambers of which the tops are communicated; the baffle is vertically fixed at the bottom surface of the drying box body; meshed plates for placing materials to be dried are horizontally arranged in the two half box chambers; a left air chamber and a right air chamber are arranged below the meshed plates in the two half box chambers; and each air pipe and each ventilating opening are respectively connected with each air chamber. According to the eversible ventilating box type drying machine, the high-water-content grain and oil crops can be dried by using a method for alternately ventilating or simultaneously ventilating by the left air chamber and the right air chamber.

Description

A kind of box drier of ventilation capable of reversing and to the dry method of grain and oil crop
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of box drier and drying means, relate in particular to the box drier of ventilation capable of reversing and to the dry method of grain and oil crop.
Background technology
Along with China's rural area grain and oil crop mechanization concentrates results fast-developing, because airing facility in the place of production is not enough and rainy weather restriction, high-moisture grain and oil material can not be dried in time and cause the problems such as loss of going mouldy very outstanding.Box throughcirculation dryer is a kind of economical and practical grain drier, device structure is simple, easy to operate, flexible configuration, cheap, and can be adapted to the dry of different agricultural product materials, equipment interoperability is good, utilization rate is high, the investment payback time is short, is adapted to production reality and the economic condition of rural area peasant household of China.Concrete structure is shown in shown in accompanying drawing 1, comprise the drying box 1 of sealing, be provided with ventilating opening 8 on one side of drying box 1, be connected with blower fan 5 by Gas inlet tube 7, temperature transducer 3 is installed in drying box 1, and described temperature transducer 3 is electrically connected controller 6, and described controller 6 is electrically connected firing equipment and blower fan 5, described firing equipment is arranged on by blower fan blast orifice, and what firing equipment adopted is the combustor 4 with fuel tank 2.
But the type drying equipment is in actual drying process, there are the following problems:
1. in web plate plane, wind field distributes and has obvious inhomogeneities, unloaded wind field is tested as shown in Figure 2, transverse test district 3 is air intake vent position, compared with test section, both sides, wind speed is relatively high, with air intake vent just right, near the region wind speed in D, E district apparently higher than periphery, can bring the rate of drying difference of dry bed zones of different.Large for voidage, windrow bed is high, the peanut pod of high moisture content, corncob be when dry, this rate of drying difference is very obvious, top layer material water ratio differs and exceedes 10%.
2. due to unidirectional aeration-drying from bottom to up; material bedly on thickness direction, present obvious temperature and humidity gradient; large for voidage, windrow bed is high, the peanut pod of high moisture content, corncob be when dry; often there will be bottom material to occur overdrying, and top layer material also reach far away the phenomenon of dry terminal.
3. be subject to the impact of the even property of above-mentioned uneven drying, drying bed layer thickness can not be excessive, the dry treating capacity of the equipment that affects and drying efficiency, and dry materials asynchrony phenomenon is serious by the gross, and volume drying efficiency is low, energy consumption is large.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of box drier of ventilation capable of reversing and to the dry method of grain and oil crop, solves present box drier because uneven drying is even and causes the defect that volume drying efficiency is low, energy consumption is large.
Technical scheme
A kind of box drier of ventilation capable of reversing, comprise the drying box of sealing, one side at drying box is provided with ventilating opening, be connected with blower fan by Gas inlet tube, temperature transducer is installed in drying box, described temperature transducer electrical connection controller, described controller electrical connection firing equipment and blower fan, described firing equipment is arranged on by blower fan blast orifice, it is characterized in that: described Gas inlet tube and ventilating opening are provided with two covers, all be connected with a Fans or be connected respectively separately a Fans, described ventilating opening is arranged on the bottom of drying box, drying box inside vertically arranges dividing plate and is divided into half case chamber that two tops are communicated with, described dividing plate is vertically fixed on drying box bottom surface, dividing plate height is lower than the height of drying box inside, described two and half case indoor horizontals are provided with the web plate that places material to be dried, it under the web plate of two and half case chambers, is two of left and right air compartment, every cover Gas inlet tube and ventilating opening are communicated with respectively one of them air compartment, on each air compartment sidewall, be provided with vent window.
In described left and right, air compartment bottom level is provided with notch cuttype baffle plate, and described notch cuttype baffle plate raises along air channel inlet air direction ladder.
In described left and right, air compartment bottom level is provided with circular arc type baffle plate, and described circular arc type baffle plate raises along air channel inlet air direction ladder.
Described left and right air compartment adopts full duration air inlet.
On the case lid of described drying box, be provided with air door.
Described Gas inlet tube part is stringing.
Described Gas inlet tube is provided with switch.
Described blower fan adopts one, connects two cover Gas inlet tube and ventilating openings simultaneously, in the junction of blower fan and two Gas inlet tubes, three-way diverter valve is installed.
Further, a kind ofly utilize above-mentioned box drier to carry out dry method to high-moisture grain and oil crop, it is characterized in that: the vent window of opening one of them air compartment, make the hot blast that provided by firing equipment and blower fan through carrying out above case chamber between two and half after air-flow further mixes after another air compartment material bed, then turn to material bed through a described air compartment.
Further, a kind ofly utilize above-mentioned box drier to carry out dry method to the grain and oil crop with tempering technological requirement, it is characterized in that: be used alternatingly two ventilating openings by switch Gas inlet tube and select left and right air compartment to ventilate, and open the air door on the case lid of drying box, realize the alternately dry and tempering of left and right sides bed material.
Further, a kind ofly utilize above-mentioned box drier to carry out dry method to high-moisture corn fringe, peanut pod, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps: (1) left and right air compartment simultaneously inlet air is dry: hot blast enters from two ventilating openings simultaneously, air door on the case lid of unlatching drying box, left and right bed material is simultaneously dry, to reaching certain moisture; (2) the left and right air compartment aeration-drying that alternately commutates: when left and right bed forms after the upper and lower gradation of moisture, left and right air compartment adopts single-pass air port alternately to ventilate, and after air-flow is mixed above passing after a side bed of material in drying box, pass into the opposite side bed of material again and discharge, whole bed is realized commutation aeration-drying.
In described step 1, dry condition can adopt 50-60 DEG C of wind-warm syndrome simultaneously, dry 4-6 hour.
Beneficial effect
It is dry that box drier of the present invention can be realized the commutation of bed material as required, improves the uniform drying in drying bed plane, improves capacity usage ratio, effectively dry insufficient the and over-drying phenomenon of prevention and control; Utilizing box drier of the present invention to carry out dry method can not only uniform drying, also can reduce the gradation of moisture, shortens drying time.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is existing drying machine schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the web plate drying bed wind field schematic diagram of existing drying machine.
Fig. 3 is box drier of the present invention left and right air compartment one of the draught principle schematic diagram that alternately commutates, and air-flow passes into from left air compartment, then the air-flow mixing chamber being communicated with through drying box internal upper part left and right, passes from right air compartment, carries out aeration-drying.
Fig. 4 is box drier of the present invention left and right air compartment two of the draught principle schematic diagram that alternately commutates, and air-flow passes into from right air compartment, then through air-flow mixing chamber, passes from left air compartment, carries out aeration-drying.
Fig. 5 is one of box drier of the present invention left and right air compartment commutation draught principle schematic diagram while carrying out tempering technique, the door opening on case lid, and left air compartment ventilates, right air compartment tempering.
Fig. 6 is two of the left and right air compartment commutation draught principle schematic diagram of box drier of the present invention while carrying out tempering technique, the door opening on case lid, and right air compartment ventilates, left air compartment tempering.
Fig. 7 is the left and right air compartment draught principle schematic diagram simultaneously of box drier of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of box drier of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is that the master of the drying box of box drier of the present invention looks cross-sectional schematic.
Figure 10 is the side-looking cross-sectional schematic of the drying box of box drier of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-drying box, 2-fuel tank, 3-temperature transducer, 4-combustor, 5-blower fan, 6-controller, 7-Gas inlet tube, 8-ventilating opening, 9-web plate, 10-dividing plate, 11-vent window, 12-case lid, 13-notch cuttype baffle plate, 14-three-way diverter valve, the left air compartment of 15-, the right air compartment of 16-, 17-air-flow mixing chamber.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiments and the drawings, further set forth the present invention.
Be present box drier as shown in Figure 1, this type box drier also has very large space at aspects such as improving uniform drying, raising drying efficiency, reduction energy consumption.For these problems, a kind of box drier of ventilation capable of reversing has been proposed, as shown in Figure 6, comprise the drying box 1 of sealing, be provided with ventilating opening 8 on one side of drying box 1, be connected with blower fan 5 by Gas inlet tube 7, temperature transducer 3 is installed in drying box 1, described temperature transducer 3 is electrically connected controller 6, described controller 6 is electrically connected firing equipment and blower fan 5, described firing equipment is arranged on by blower fan blast orifice, described Gas inlet tube 7 and ventilating opening 8 are provided with two covers, all be connected or be connected respectively separately a Fans 5 with a Fans 5, described ventilating opening 8 is arranged on the bottom of drying box 1, drying box 1 inside vertically arranges dividing plate 10 and is divided into half case chamber that two tops are communicated with, described dividing plate 10 is vertically fixed on drying box 1 bottom surface, dividing plate 10 height are lower than the height of drying box 1 inside, described two and half case indoor horizontals are provided with the web plate 9 that places material to be dried, the web plate of two and half case chambers is for 9 times two of left and right air compartment, every cover Gas inlet tube 7 and ventilating opening 8 are communicated with respectively one of them air compartment, on each air compartment sidewall, be provided with vent window 11.On the case lid 12 of described drying box 1, be provided with air door.Described Gas inlet tube 7 parts are stringing, thereby Gas inlet tube 7 can be provided with switch and select left air compartment or right air compartment to ventilate, also can adopt a Fans 5 to connect two cover Gas inlet tubes 7 and ventilating opening 8 simultaneously, three-way diverter valve 14 is installed in the junction of blower fan 5 and two Gas inlet tubes 7 and select the Gas inlet tube 7 ventilating.
The design's hot blast, by the feed-in of bilateral air port, the left and right air compartment ventilating mechanisms that alternately commutates, can be realized the commutation of bed material dry as required, reduces drying time, improves capacity usage ratio, effectively dry insufficient the and over-drying phenomenon of prevention and control.The benefit that can realize comprises:
(1) for single air channel of original structure, adopt the feed-in of drying medium twoport, left and right air compartment relative narrower, is conducive to improve the dry bed bottom wind field uniformity in left and right and plane inner drying uniformity;
(2) hot blast is through having further immixture in air-flow mixing chamber up after left half of bed, then turns to through right half of bed, is conducive to improve the uniform drying of right side bed, and commutation also has same effect after ventilating.As shown in Figure 3.
(3) by after commutation aeration-drying, can reduce the moist gradient of left and right material bed on thickness direction, the corresponding increase of stone height, shorten drying time, improve device processes amount and capacity usage ratio, the phenomenon of also avoiding bottom material overdrying and top layer material excessively to wet.
(4) paddy rice that can also be applicable to have tempering technological requirement is dried operation.
In paddy rice dry run, conventionally need to adopt tempering technique, dark bed is dried in the time carrying out tempering, greatly reduces equipment drying efficiency.It is dry that the dark bed dryer type of this version can better be adapted to have the grain and oil crop of tempering technological requirement.
In air compartment, ventilating opening 8, can also design corresponding wind field governor motion, to improve air compartment wind field uniformity, reduce the rate of drying difference in same bed of material plane.At left and right air compartment, notch cuttype baffle plate 13 is set, raise along air channel inlet air direction ladder, incident dry gas stream is shunted step by step, avoid near incident port that dry bed air quantity is little, near the dry large wind field inhomogeneities of the bed air quantity offside of entrance port, improve the uniform drying in drying bed plane.
Utilize above-mentioned box drier to be dried high-moisture grain and oil crop, in dry run, needing the method adopting is to open the vent window 11 of one of them air compartment, make the hot blast that provided by firing equipment and blower fan 5 through carrying out above case chamber between two and half after air-flow further mixes after another air compartment material bed, then turn to material bed through a described air compartment.As shown in Figure 3.
Utilize above-mentioned box drier to be dried the grain and oil crop with tempering technological requirement, especially the paddy rice with tempering technological requirement is dried, need the method adopting to select left and right air compartment to ventilate for being used alternatingly two ventilating openings 8 by switch Gas inlet tube, and open the air door on the case lid 12 of drying box, realize the alternately dry and tempering of left and right sides bed material.As shown in Figure 4.
And the words that are dried for high-moisture corn fringe, peanut pod, the method of utilizing above-mentioned box drier to adopt, mainly comprise the following steps: (1) left and right air compartment simultaneously inlet air is dry: hot blast enters from two ventilating openings 8 simultaneously, air door on the case lid 12 of unlatching drying box, left and right bed material is dry (as 50-60 DEG C of wind-warm syndrome, dry 4-6h) simultaneously, to reaching certain moisture; (2) the left and right air compartment aeration-drying that alternately commutates: when left and right bed forms after the upper and lower gradation of moisture, left and right air compartment adopts single-pass air port 8 alternately to ventilate, and after air-flow being passed mix above drying box 1 is interior after a side bed of material, pass into the opposite side bed of material again and discharge, whole bed is realized commutation aeration-drying.As shown in Figure 5.
This method can reduce the gradation of moisture, shortens drying time.

Claims (12)

1. the box drier of a ventilation capable of reversing, comprise the drying box of sealing, one side at drying box is provided with ventilating opening, be connected with blower fan by Gas inlet tube, temperature transducer is installed in drying box, described temperature transducer electrical connection controller, described controller electrical connection firing equipment and blower fan, described firing equipment is arranged on by blower fan blast orifice, it is characterized in that: described Gas inlet tube and ventilating opening are provided with two covers, all be connected with a Fans or be connected respectively separately a Fans, described ventilating opening is arranged on the bottom of drying box, drying box inside vertically arranges dividing plate and is divided into half case chamber that two tops are communicated with, described dividing plate is vertically fixed on drying box bottom surface, dividing plate height is lower than the height of drying box inside, described two and half case indoor horizontals are provided with the web plate that places material to be dried, it under the web plate of two and half case chambers, is two of left and right air compartment, every cover Gas inlet tube and ventilating opening are communicated with respectively one of them air compartment, on each air compartment sidewall, be provided with vent window.
2. the box drier of ventilation capable of reversing as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described left and right, air compartment bottom level is provided with notch cuttype baffle plate, and described notch cuttype baffle plate raises along air channel inlet air direction ladder.
3. the box drier of ventilation capable of reversing as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described left and right, air compartment bottom level is provided with circular arc type baffle plate, and described circular arc type baffle plate raises along air channel inlet air direction ladder.
4. the box drier of ventilation capable of reversing as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described left and right air compartment adopts full duration air inlet.
5. the box drier of the ventilation capable of reversing as described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that: on the case lid of described drying box, be provided with air door.
6. the box drier of the ventilation capable of reversing as described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that: described Gas inlet tube part is stringing.
7. the box drier of the ventilation capable of reversing as described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that: described Gas inlet tube is provided with switch.
8. the box drier of the ventilation capable of reversing as described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that: described blower fan adopts one, connects two cover Gas inlet tube and ventilating openings simultaneously, in the junction of blower fan and two Gas inlet tubes, three-way diverter valve is installed.
9. one kind is utilized box drier as claimed in claim 1 to carry out dry method to high-moisture grain and oil crop, it is characterized in that: the vent window of opening one of them air compartment, make the hot blast that provided by firing equipment and blower fan through carrying out above case chamber between two and half after air-flow further mixes after another air compartment material bed, then turn to material bed through a described air compartment.
10. one kind is utilized box drier as claimed in claim 1 to carry out dry method to the grain and oil crop with tempering technological requirement, it is characterized in that: be used alternatingly two ventilating openings by switch Gas inlet tube and select left and right air compartment to ventilate, and open the air door on the case lid of drying box, realize the alternately dry and tempering of left and right sides bed material.
11. 1 kinds are utilized box drier as claimed in claim 1 to carry out dry method to high-moisture corn fringe, peanut pod, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps: (1) left and right air compartment simultaneously inlet air is dry: hot blast enters from two ventilating openings simultaneously, air door on the case lid of unlatching drying box, left and right bed material is simultaneously dry, to reaching certain moisture; (2) the left and right air compartment aeration-drying that alternately commutates: when left and right bed forms after the upper and lower gradation of moisture, left and right air compartment adopts single-pass air port alternately to ventilate, and after air-flow is mixed above passing after a side bed of material in drying box, pass into the opposite side bed of material again and discharge, whole bed is realized commutation aeration-drying.
12. box driers as claimed in claim 11 carry out dry method to high-moisture corn fringe, peanut pod, it is characterized in that: in described step 1, dry condition can adopt 50-60 DEG C of wind-warm syndrome simultaneously, dry 4~6 hours.
CN201210532111.8A 2012-12-11 2012-12-11 Reversible ventilating box type drying machine and method for drying grain and oil crops Active CN103004977B (en)

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