CN103001331A

CN103001331A - Economic optimized dispatching method for energy storage power stations

Info

Publication number: CN103001331A
Application number: CN2012104518595A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 叶季蕾; 薛金花; 吴福保; 杨波
Original assignee: China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI; State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Current assignee: China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI; State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Priority date: 2012-11-13
Filing date: 2012-11-13
Publication date: 2013-03-27
Anticipated expiration: 2032-11-13
Also published as: CN103001331B

Abstract

The invention relates to an economically optimized scheduling method for an energy storage power station. The system used in the method includes an independently adjustable battery pack, a transformer, a transformer bus and a power dispatching center of an energy storage monitoring system; the independently adjustable battery pack is connected to the low-voltage side of the transformer. On the bus; the transformer, the power dispatching center of the energy storage monitoring system communicate with the grid dispatching system in sequence; the method includes the following steps: initializing the data of the energy storage power station; determining the number of independent dispatchable battery packs; reading in the independent dispatchable battery packs The operating parameters of the energy storage monitoring system are uploaded to the power dispatching center of the energy storage monitoring system; the optimal economic optimization dispatching plan is determined, and the optimal economic optimization dispatching model is obtained; the power dispatching command of the battery pack of the energy storage power station is output. This method fully considers the specific composition of the energy storage power station and the technical characteristics of the energy storage battery. power station.

Description

An economical optimal dispatching method for energy storage power stations

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及电力储能系统运行和优化调度技术领域，具体涉及一种储能电站的经济优化调度方法。The invention relates to the technical field of electric energy storage system operation and optimal dispatching, in particular to an economical optimal dispatching method of an energy storage power station.

背景技术Background technique

大规模储能电站由多个、多类型储能系统构成，电池数量多，构成复杂，优化的调度策略是确保整个电站经济、安全、可靠运行的重要依据之一。当储能电站接收电网功率调度指令后，通过合理的分配原则进行计算，然后将计算得到的功率值最终下发至各条储能支路，以满足电网总调度功率要求和储能系统优化运行的目标。目前，国内MW级储能电站正处于示范运行阶段，储能电站的优化调度策略尚处于理论研究阶段，暂时没有公认的成熟解决方案。A large-scale energy storage power station is composed of multiple and multi-type energy storage systems. The number of batteries is large and the composition is complex. An optimized scheduling strategy is one of the important basis for ensuring the economical, safe and reliable operation of the entire power station. After the energy storage power station receives the grid power scheduling command, it calculates through a reasonable allocation principle, and then sends the calculated power value to each energy storage branch to meet the overall grid scheduling power requirements and optimize the operation of the energy storage system The goal. At present, the domestic MW-level energy storage power station is in the demonstration operation stage, and the optimal dispatching strategy of the energy storage power station is still in the theoretical research stage, and there is no recognized mature solution for the time being.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供储能电站的经济优化调度方法，该方法充分考虑了储能电站的具体构成和储能电池的技术特性，以总成本最低为优化目标，以电池运行和调度功率需求为约束条件，该方法同时适用于能量型储能电站和功率型储能电站。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an economically optimal scheduling method for an energy storage power station, which fully considers the specific composition of the energy storage power station and the technical characteristics of the energy storage battery, takes the lowest total cost as the optimization goal, and takes the battery operation and The dispatching power demand is a constraint condition, and this method is applicable to both energy-type energy storage power stations and power-type energy storage power stations.

本发明的目的是采用下述技术方案实现的：The object of the present invention is to adopt following technical scheme to realize:

一种储能电站的经济优化调度方法，所述方法用的系统包括独立可调电池组、变压器、变压器母线和储能监控系统功率调度中心；所述独立可调电池组接入变压器低压侧的母线上；所述变压器与所述储能监控系统功率调度中心进行通信；所述储能监控系统功率调度中心与电网调度系统进行通信；An economically optimized scheduling method for an energy storage power station, the system used in the method includes an independently adjustable battery pack, a transformer, a transformer bus and a power dispatch center of an energy storage monitoring system; the independently adjustable battery pack is connected to the low-voltage side of the transformer On the bus; the transformer communicates with the power dispatching center of the energy storage monitoring system; the power dispatching center of the energy storage monitoring system communicates with the grid dispatching system;

其改进之处在于，所述方法包括下述步骤：Its improvement is that described method comprises the following steps:

（1）初始化储能电站数据；(1) Initialize the data of the energy storage power station;

（2）确定独立可调度电池组的组数；(2) Determine the number of independently dispatchable battery packs;

（3）读入所述独立可调度电池组的运行参数并上传至储能监控系统功率调度中心；(3) Read in the operating parameters of the independently schedulable battery pack and upload them to the power dispatch center of the energy storage monitoring system;

（4）确定最优经济优化调度方案，得出最优经济优化调度模型；(4) Determine the optimal economic optimization scheduling scheme, and obtain the optimal economic optimization scheduling model;

（5）输出储能电站电池组的功率调度指令。(5) Output the power scheduling command of the battery pack of the energy storage power station.

其中，所述步骤（1）中，所述储能电站包括独立可调度电池组；所述独立可调度电池组包括储能支路；所述储能支路由储能变流器PCS、电池管理系统BMS和电池堆BP；所述储能电站数据指的是储能变流器PCS、电池管理系统BMS和电池堆BP的储能类型及参数。Wherein, in the step (1), the energy storage power station includes an independently schedulable battery pack; the independently schedulable battery pack includes an energy storage branch; the energy storage branch is managed by an energy storage converter PCS, a battery System BMS and battery stack BP; the data of the energy storage power station refers to the energy storage type and parameters of the energy storage converter PCS, battery management system BMS, and battery stack BP.

其中，所述步骤（2）中，所述独立可调电池组是指在调度运行中电池工作状态相同、参数同步改变的储能电池组；确定每一个独立可调电池组作为一个独立的控制变量，以A_i表示，其中i=1,…,N。Wherein, in the step (2), the independently adjustable battery pack refers to an energy storage battery pack with the same battery working state and synchronously changed parameters during dispatching operation; each independently adjustable battery pack is determined as an independent control Variables, denoted by A _i , where i=1,...,N.

其中，所述步骤（3）中，所述独立可调度电池组的运行参数包括充电效率η_c、放电效率η_d、电池的最小允许充放电功率

电池的最大允许充放电功率

荷电量值SOC、电池的最小允许荷电量电池的最大允许荷电量

和前一个调度周期电池组工作状态u_i(t-1)。Wherein, in the step (3), the operating parameters of the independently schedulable battery pack include charging efficiency η _c , discharging efficiency η _d , minimum allowable charging and discharging power of the battery

The maximum allowable charging and discharging power of the battery

The charge value SOC, the minimum allowable charge of the battery The maximum allowable charge capacity of the battery

And the working state u _i (t-1) of the battery pack in the previous scheduling cycle.

其中，将独立可调度电池组的运行参数上传至储能监控系统功率调度中心，同时储能监控系统功率调度中心从数据库读取独立可调度电池组的组数N、电池组投入的建设成本C_fl，允许的无功功率放电系数β_i和电池组的已充放电次数r_i。Among them, the operating parameters of the independently schedulable battery packs are uploaded to the power dispatching center of the energy storage monitoring system, and at the same time, the power dispatching center of the energy storage monitoring system reads the number N of independently schedulable battery packs and the construction cost C of the battery packs from the database. _fl , the allowable reactive power discharge coefficient β _i and the battery charge and discharge times r _i .

其中，所述步骤（4）中，确定最优经济优化调度方案包括确定储能电站的目标函数和约束条件。Wherein, in the step (4), determining the optimal economic optimization dispatching scheme includes determining the objective function and constraint conditions of the energy storage power station.

其中，经济优化调度方案的目标函数以总成本C最低为优化目标，控制变量取为电池组的有功功率P_i和无功功率Qi，其中：i＝1,...,N；所述总成本C包括固定成本C_f和可变成本C_r；在储能电站，固定成本指安装建设成本；可变成本包括运行维护成本C_m和损耗成本C_l。Among them, the objective function of the economic optimal dispatching scheme takes the lowest total cost C as the optimization goal, and the control variables are taken as the active power P _i and reactive power Qi of the battery pack, where: i=1,...,N; the total Cost C includes fixed cost C _f and variable cost C _r ; in energy storage power station, fixed cost refers to installation and construction cost; variable cost includes operation and maintenance cost C _m and loss cost C _l .

其中，所述运行维护成本C_m用下式表示：Wherein, the operation and maintenance cost C _m is represented by the following formula:

${C C}_{m m} = = {Σ Σ}_{i i = = 11}^{N N} [[(({&Integral; &Integral;}_{00}^{T T} {k k}_{ri the ri} \cdot \cdot \sqrt{{P P}_{it it}^{22} + + {Q Q}_{it it}^{22}} \cdot \cdot dt dt)) \cdot \cdot {((11 + + α α))}^{{r r}_{i i} / / {R R}_{i i}}]]$

$= T \cdot Σ_{i = 1}^{N} [k_{ri} \cdot \sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} \cdot {(1 + α)}^{r_{i} / R_{i}}]$ ①； $= T \cdot Σ_{i = 1}^{N} [k_{the ri} \cdot \sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} \cdot {(1 + α)}^{r_{i} / R_{i}}]$ ①;

式中：T为调度周期；k_ri为第i组独立可调电池组运行维护系数，单位为元/kWh；P_it和Q_it为独立可调电池组的调度有功和无功功率；r_i和R_i分别为第i组独立可调电池组已充放电次数和允许的总循环次数；α为老化系数，取α＝1。In the formula: T is the scheduling period; k _ri is the operation and maintenance coefficient of the i-th independent adjustable battery pack, and the unit is yuan/kWh; P _it and Q _it are the dispatching active and reactive power of the independent adjustable battery pack; r _i and R _i are the charging and discharging times and the allowed total cycle times of the i-th independent adjustable battery pack respectively; α is the aging coefficient, and α=1.

其中，所述损耗成本C_l用下述表达式组表示：Wherein, the loss cost _C1 is represented by the following expression group:

式中：k_l为电池组电能损耗系数，单位为元/kWh；In the formula: k _l is the power loss coefficient of the battery pack, and the unit is yuan/kWh;

当独立可调电池组A_i充电时，其调度周期内T电量增加量为：When the independently adjustable battery pack A _i is charged, the amount of T power increase in its scheduling cycle is:

$Δ E_{i} = {&Integral;}_{0}^{T} η_{ci} \cdot \sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} dt = η_{ci} \cdot \sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} \cdot T$ ③； $Δ {E.}_{i} = {&Integral;}_{0}^{T} η_{ci} &Center Dot; \sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} dt = η_{ci} \cdot \sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} &Center Dot; T$ ③;

当独立可调电池组A_i放电时，其调度周期T内电量增加量为：When the independently adjustable battery pack A _i is discharged, the amount of power increase in the scheduling period T is:

$Δ E_{i} = {&Integral;}_{0}^{T} (\sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} / η_{di}) dt = \frac{\sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} \cdot T}{η_{di}}$ ④； $Δ {E.}_{i} = {&Integral;}_{0}^{T} (\sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} / η_{di}) dt = \frac{\sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} &Center Dot; T}{η_{di}}$ ④;

式中：η_c为充电效率；η_d为放电效率。In the formula: η _c is charging efficiency; η _d is discharging efficiency.

其中，在储能电站中，判断电池组是否称为一次独立充放电行为的标志位为ρ_i，用下式表示：Among them, in the energy storage power station, the flag bit for judging whether the battery pack is called an independent charging and discharging behavior is ρ _i , which is expressed by the following formula:

$ρ_{i} = \{\begin{matrix} 0 & u_{i} (t - 1) \cdot u_{i} (t) = 1 \\ 1 & else \end{matrix}$ ⑤； $ρ_{i} = \{\begin{matrix} 0 & u_{i} (t - 1) &Center Dot; u_{i} (t) = 1 \\ 1 & else \end{matrix}$ ⑤;

式中：u_i(t)为当前调度周期T电池组工作状态；u_i(t-1)为前一个调度周期电池组工作状态；In the formula: u _i (t) is the working state of the battery pack in the current scheduling cycle T; u _i (t-1) is the working state of the battery pack in the previous scheduling cycle;

所述固定成本C_f用下式表示：The fixed cost C _f is represented by the following formula:

$C_{f} = Σ_{i = 1}^{N} \frac{ρ_{i} \cdot C_{fi}}{R_{i}}$ ⑥； $C_{f} = Σ_{i = 1}^{N} \frac{ρ_{i} \cdot C_{the fi}}{R_{i}}$ ⑥;

式中：C_fi为任一独立可调电池组的建设成本；R_i为第i组独立可调电池组充放电允许的总循环次数。In the formula: C _fi is the construction cost of any independent adjustable battery pack; R _i is the total number of cycles allowed for charging and discharging of the i-th independent adjustable battery pack.

其中，经济优化调度方案的目标函数用下式表示：Among them, the objective function of the economic optimal scheduling scheme is expressed by the following formula:

min C＝C_m+C_l+C_f ⑦。min C = C _m + C _l + C _f ⑦.

其中，经济优化调度方案的约束条件包括功率平衡约束、电池充放电功率约束和荷电量约束。Among them, the constraints of the economic optimal scheduling scheme include power balance constraints, battery charge and discharge power constraints, and charge capacity constraints.

其中，所述功率平衡约束用下式表示：Wherein, the power balance constraint is expressed by the following formula:

$\{\begin{matrix} P_{total} = Σ_{i = 1}^{N} P_{i} \\ Q_{total} = Σ_{i = 1}^{N} Q_{i} \end{matrix}$ ⑧； $\{\begin{matrix} P_{total} = Σ_{i = 1}^{N} P_{i} \\ Q_{total} = Σ_{i = 1}^{N} Q_{i} \end{matrix}$ ⑧;

式中：P_total和Q_total分别为总调度有功功率需求和无功功率需求，单位为kW，电池组充电为正。In the formula: P _total and Q _total are the total dispatching active power demand and reactive power demand respectively, the unit is kW, and the charging of the battery pack is positive.

其中，所述电池充放电功率的上下限范围如下：Wherein, the upper and lower limits of the charging and discharging power of the battery are as follows:

充电时，u_i＝1，P_i为正，

⑨；When charging, u _i = 1, P _i is positive,

⑨;

放电时，u_i＝-1，P_i为负，

⑩;When discharging, u _i =-1, P _i is negative,

⑩;

式中，

和

分别为第i组独立可调电池的最小和最大充电有功功率，单位为kW，

和

分别为第i组独立可调电池的最小和最大放电有功功率，单位为kW；In the formula,

and

are the minimum and maximum charging active power of the i-th group of independently adjustable batteries, in kW,

and

are the minimum and maximum discharge active power of the i-th group of independently adjustable batteries, in kW;

储能电站的充放电功率满足下式：The charging and discharging power of the energy storage power station satisfies the following formula:

式中：

和

分别为第i组电池的最小和最大总充放电功率；In the formula:

and

are the minimum and maximum total charge and discharge power of the i-th battery, respectively;

在电池组充放电过程中，无功功率满足下式：During the charging and discharging process of the battery pack, the reactive power satisfies the following formula:

式中：β_i为允许释放无功的系数，β_i≤1；-Q_i为电池组发出的无功功率。In the formula: β _i is the coefficient that allows reactive power to be released, β _i ≤ 1; -Q _i is the reactive power emitted by the battery pack.

其中，所述荷电量约束用下式表示：Wherein, the charge constraint is expressed by the following formula:

式中：

和

分别为第i组电池允许的最小和最大荷电量。In the formula:

and

are the minimum and maximum charge capacity allowed by the i-th group of batteries, respectively.

其中，所述最优经济优化调度模型用下述表达式组表示：Wherein, the optimal economic optimization scheduling model is represented by the following expression group:

$\begin{matrix} min min & C C = = {C C}_{m m} \end{matrix} + + {C C}_{l l} + + {C C}_{f f}$

$= = T T \cdot \cdot {Σ Σ}_{i i = = 11}^{N N} [[{k k}_{ri the ri} \cdot \cdot \sqrt{{P P}_{it it}^{22} + + {Q Q}_{it it}^{22}} \cdot &Center Dot; {((11 + + α α))}^{{r r}_{i i} / / {R R}_{i i}}]]$

$+ + {k k}_{l l} T T {Σ Σ}_{i i = = 11}^{N N} [[((11 - - η η)) \cdot \cdot \sqrt{{P P}_{it it}^{22} + + {Q Q}_{it it}^{22}}]] + + {Σ Σ}_{i i = = 11}^{N N} \frac{{ρ ρ}_{i i} \cdot \cdot {C C}_{fi the fi}}{{R R}_{i i}}$

其中， $P_{total} = Σ_{i = 1}^{N} P_{i}$ in, $P_{total} = Σ_{i = 1}^{N} P_{i}$

${Q Q}_{total total} = = {Σ Σ}_{i i = = 11}^{N N} {Q Q}_{i i}$

${S S}_{i i}^{min min} \leq \leq \sqrt{{P P}_{}^{i i} + + {Q Q}_{}^{i i}} \leq \leq {S S}_{i i}^{max max}$

${β β}_{i i} \cdot \cdot {S S}_{i i}^{min min} \leq \leq - - {Q Q}_{i i} \leq \leq {β β}_{i i} \cdot \cdot {S S}_{i i}^{max max}$

${SOC SOC}_{i i}^{min min} \leq \leq {SOC SOC}_{i i} \leq \leq {SOC SOC}_{i i}^{max max}$

$Δ Δ {E E.}_{i i} = = η η \cdot &Center Dot; \sqrt{{P P}_{it it}^{22} + + {Q Q}_{it it}^{22}} \cdot &Center Dot; T T$

${ρ ρ}_{i i} = = \{\begin{matrix} 00 & {u u}_{i i} ((t t - - 11)) \cdot \cdot {u u}_{i i} ((t t)) = = 11 \\ 11 & else else \end{matrix}$

其中，所述方法中储能电站的储能支路发生故障时，对最优经济优化调度模型按照下述方式进行修正：Wherein, when the energy storage branch of the energy storage power station fails in the method, the optimal economic optimization dispatching model is corrected in the following manner:

1）若第i组独立可调电池组整体发生故障，则退出运行，待维修后再投入使用；强行去掉第i组独立可调电池组的控制变量P_i和Q_i，控制变量维数减1；1) If the i-th group of independent adjustable battery pack fails as a whole, it will be out of operation and put into use after maintenance; the control variables P _i and Q _i of the i-th group of independently adjustable battery pack are forcibly removed, and the dimension of the control variable decreases 1;

2）若第i组独立可调电池组中某储能支路发生故障，该故障储能支路退出运行待维修，此独立可调电池组中剩余电池组继续运行，对第i组独立可调电池组的所有参数做降容处理；进行参数修正后，优化调度模型不变。2) If a certain energy storage branch in the i-th group of independently adjustable battery packs fails, the faulty energy storage branch is out of operation to be repaired, and the remaining battery packs in this independently adjustable battery pack continue to operate. Adjust all the parameters of the battery pack for capacity reduction; after parameter correction, the optimal scheduling model remains unchanged.

与现有技术比，本发明达到的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that the present invention reaches is:

1、储能监控系统作为储能系统的重要组成部分和高级控制中枢，是整个储能系统安全、可靠、经济运行的重要保障。储能监控系统不仅接收上级电网的调度指令，也对系统内部的电池堆、储能变流器、开关状态和配电电路进行监视和控制，确保储能系统处于最优的工作状态。1. As an important part and advanced control center of the energy storage system, the energy storage monitoring system is an important guarantee for the safe, reliable and economical operation of the entire energy storage system. The energy storage monitoring system not only receives dispatch instructions from the upper-level power grid, but also monitors and controls the battery stack, energy storage converter, switch status, and power distribution circuit inside the system to ensure that the energy storage system is in an optimal working state.

2、储能电站的优化调度方法是储能监控系统的核心技术，本专利首次提出了一种以经济优化为目标，考虑了以储能本体特性为约束条件的优化调度算法，同时适用于功率型和能量型储能电站，充分体现储能监控系统的高级控制功能，为促进储能电站在智能电网和可再生能源领域的经济运行和应用推广提供理论参考。2. The optimal scheduling method of energy storage power stations is the core technology of the energy storage monitoring system. This patent proposes for the first time an optimal scheduling algorithm that aims at economic optimization and considers the characteristics of the energy storage body as constraints. It is also applicable to power The type and energy type energy storage power stations fully embody the advanced control functions of the energy storage monitoring system, and provide a theoretical reference for promoting the economic operation and application promotion of energy storage power stations in the fields of smart grid and renewable energy.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明提供的储能电站的经济优化调度方法的流程图；Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the economic optimization scheduling method of the energy storage power station provided by the present invention;

图2是储能电站结构示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage power station;

图3是各调度周期内独立可调度电池组充放电功率；Figure 3 shows the charging and discharging power of independently schedulable battery packs in each scheduling cycle;

图4是各调度周期内独立可调电池组荷电量SOC变化图。Fig. 4 is a diagram of the SOC change of the charge capacity of the independently adjustable battery pack in each dispatch period.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步的详细说明。The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

首先对储能电站中的相关参数进行定义和简化：Firstly, the relevant parameters in the energy storage power station are defined and simplified:

（1）独立可调电池组为一支在调度运行中电池工作状态相同、参数同步改变的储能电池组。它作为一个独立的控制变量，以Ai(i=1,…,N)表示。独立可调电池组中可能存在多条储能支路，储能支路中的储能类型和参数均相同。储能支路由一台储能变流器（PCS）、电池管理系统（BMS）和一个电池堆（BP）组成。(1) The independently adjustable battery pack is an energy storage battery pack with the same battery working status and synchronous parameter changes during dispatching operation. As an independent control variable, it is represented by Ai(i=1,...,N). There may be multiple energy storage branches in an independently adjustable battery pack, and the energy storage types and parameters in the energy storage branches are the same. The energy storage branch consists of a power storage converter (PCS), a battery management system (BMS) and a battery stack (BP).

（2）独立可调电池组中的参数相同，包括：电池组投入建设成本、充电功率Pc、充电效率ηc、放电功率Pd、放电效率η_d、电池组充放电的总循环次数R，荷电量SOC等。(2) The parameters in the independently adjustable battery pack are the same, including: battery pack input construction cost, charging power Pc, charging efficiency ηc, discharging power Pd, discharging efficiency _ηd , total cycle times R of battery pack charge and discharge, charge capacity SOC and so on.

（3）在一个调度周期T内，总调度需求功率给定，电池的运行状态不发生变化，且充放电功率恒定。(3) In a scheduling period T, the total scheduling demand power is given, the operating state of the battery does not change, and the charging and discharging power is constant.

（4）电池组工作状态有3种，以u来区分。充电状态时，u=1，充电功率为Pc；放电状态时，u=-1，放电功率为Pd；热备用状态时，u=0，功率损耗为Pw，本模型中忽略此功率损耗。(4) There are 3 working states of the battery pack, distinguished by u. In the charging state, u=1, the charging power is Pc; in the discharging state, u=-1, the discharging power is Pd; in the hot standby state, u=0, the power loss is Pw, which is ignored in this model.

（5）在一个调度周期T内，SOC变化范围不大，最大充放电功率保持恒定，分别为Pcmax和Pdmax。(5) In a scheduling period T, the SOC has a small range of changes, and the maximum charge and discharge power remains constant, which are Pcmax and Pdmax respectively.

（6）本模型中忽略变压器和线路的网络损耗，仅计由PCS和BP引起的充放电损耗，以充放电效率ηc和ηd表示。(6) In this model, the network losses of transformers and lines are ignored, and only the charge and discharge losses caused by PCS and BP are counted, expressed in charge and discharge efficiencies ηc and ηd.

（7）同一种类的电池组的建设成本相同，忽略折现率。(7) The construction cost of the same type of battery pack is the same, ignoring the discount rate.

（8）其中Pi为第i个独立可调的电池组注入电网的功率，当电池处于充电工作状态时，Pi为正；当电池处于放电工作状态时，Pi为负。(8) Among them, Pi is the power injected into the grid by the i-th independently adjustable battery pack. When the battery is in the charging state, Pi is positive; when the battery is in the discharging state, Pi is negative.

（9）本发明提供的数学模型考虑充放电状态的高频变化对电池组寿命的影响，以惩罚项计入目标函数。(9) The mathematical model provided by the present invention considers the impact of high-frequency changes in the charging and discharging state on the life of the battery pack, and includes the penalty item into the objective function.

（10）储能电站的功率调度原则。一般为优先调度有功功率，在储能电站充放电功率和容量允许的情况下，按电网要求调度无功功率。本调度策略的优化建立在储能电站能够满足总调度需求的前提条件下，因此在上级电网调度系统给出总功率需求

时，不分有功功率和无功功率调度的先后顺序，统一优化。(10) Power scheduling principles of energy storage power stations. Generally, the active power is dispatched first, and the reactive power is dispatched according to the requirements of the grid when the charging and discharging power and capacity of the energy storage station are allowed. The optimization of this scheduling strategy is based on the premise that the energy storage power station can meet the overall dispatching demand, so the total power demand is given by the superior power grid dispatching system

When , regardless of the order of active power and reactive power scheduling, unified optimization.

储能电站的结构如图2所示，包括4组独立可调电池组、变压器、变压器母线和储能监控系统功率调度中心；所述独立可调电池组接入变压器低压侧的母线上；所述变压器与储能监控系统功率调度中心进行通信；储能监控系统功率调度中心与电网调度系统进行通信；独立可调电池组的电池类型为铁锂电池，均接入在10kV/380V变压器低压侧的母线上，其功率/容量分别为100kW/100kWh，100kW/150kWh，120kW/200kWh，100kW/250kWh。The structure of the energy storage power station is shown in Figure 2, including 4 sets of independently adjustable battery packs, transformers, transformer busbars, and the power dispatching center of the energy storage monitoring system; the independently adjustable battery packs are connected to the busbars on the low-voltage side of the transformer; The transformer described above communicates with the power dispatching center of the energy storage monitoring system; the power dispatching center of the energy storage monitoring system communicates with the grid dispatching system; the battery type of the independent adjustable battery pack is iron-lithium battery, which are all connected to the low-voltage side of the 10kV/380V transformer On the bus, the power/capacity are 100kW/100kWh, 100kW/150kWh, 120kW/200kWh, 100kW/250kWh.

本发明提供的储能电站的经济优化调度方法的流程如图1所示，包括下述步骤：The flow chart of the economical optimal dispatching method of the energy storage power station provided by the present invention is shown in Figure 1, comprising the following steps:

步骤（1）初始化储能电站数据：Step (1) Initialize the energy storage power station data:

储能电站包括独立可调度电池组；所述独立可调度电池组包括储能支路；所述储能支路由储能变流器PCS、电池管理系统BMS和电池堆BP；所述储能电站数据指的是储能变流器PCS、电池管理系统BMS和电池堆BP的储能类型及参数。The energy storage power station includes an independently schedulable battery group; the independently schedulable battery group includes an energy storage branch; the energy storage branch consists of an energy storage converter PCS, a battery management system BMS and a battery stack BP; the energy storage power station The data refers to the energy storage type and parameters of the energy storage converter PCS, battery management system BMS and battery stack BP.

步骤（2）确定独立可调度电池组的组数：Step (2) Determine the number of independently dispatchable battery packs:

独立可调电池组是指在调度运行中电池工作状态相同、参数同步改变的储能电池组；确定每一个独立可调电池组作为一个独立的控制变量，以A_i表示，其中i=1，...,N。The independently adjustable battery pack refers to the energy storage battery pack with the same battery working state and synchronously changed parameters during the dispatching operation; each independently adjustable battery pack is determined as an independent control variable, represented by A _i , where i=1, ..., N.

步骤（3）读入独立可调度电池组的运行参数并上传至储能监控系统功率调度中心：Step (3) Read in the operating parameters of the independently schedulable battery pack and upload them to the power dispatching center of the energy storage monitoring system:

独立可调度电池组的运行参数包括充电效率η_c、放电效率η_d、电池的最小允许充放电功率电池的最大允许充放电功率

荷电量值SOC、电池的最小允许荷电量

电池的最大允许荷电量

和前一个调度周期电池组工作状态u_i(t-1)。The operating parameters of an independently schedulable battery pack include charging efficiency η _c , discharging efficiency η _d , and the minimum allowable charging and discharging power of the battery The maximum allowable charging and discharging power of the battery

The charge value SOC, the minimum allowable charge of the battery

The maximum allowable charge capacity of the battery

将独立可调度电池组的运行参数上传至储能监控系统功率调度中心，同时储能监控系统功率调度中心从数据库读取独立可调度电池组的组数N、电池组投入的建设成本C_fl，允许的无功功率放电系数β_i和电池组的已充放电次数r_i。Upload the operating parameters of the independently schedulable battery packs to the power dispatching center of the energy storage monitoring system, and at the same time, the power dispatching center of the energy storage monitoring system reads the number N of independently schedulable battery packs and the construction cost C _fl of the battery packs from the database, The allowable reactive power discharge coefficient β _i and the number of times r _i of charging and discharging of the battery pack.

步骤（4）确定最优经济优化调度方案，得出最优经济优化调度模型：Step (4) Determine the optimal economic optimal scheduling scheme, and obtain the optimal economic optimal scheduling model:

确定最优经济优化调度方案包括确定储能电站的目标函数和约束条件。Determining the optimal economic optimization dispatching scheme includes determining the objective function and constraint conditions of the energy storage power station.

1、目标函数1. Objective function

本数学模型以总成本C最低为优化目标，控制变量取为各可调电池组的有功功率P_i，无功功率Q_i，i＝1,K,N。其中，总成本包括固定成本C_f和可变成本C_r两部分。对于储能电站，固定成本指安装建设成本；可变成本包括运行维护成本C_m和损耗成本C_l。This mathematical model takes the lowest total cost C as the optimization goal, and the control variables are taken as active power P _i and reactive power Q _i of each adjustable battery pack, i=1, K, N. Among them, the total cost includes two parts: fixed cost C _f and variable cost C _r . For energy storage power stations, fixed costs refer to installation and construction costs; variable costs include operation and maintenance costs C _m and loss costs C _l .

（1）运行维护成本C_m：储能电站建成后，要进行定期或不定期的检修与维护等工作，以减少设备故障，保证电池组的可用性。运行维护成本与电站规模、电池种类、充放电工况、电池老化程度等相关，引入老化系数α和运行维护系数k_r。(1) Operation and maintenance cost C _m : After the energy storage power station is completed, regular or irregular inspection and maintenance work is required to reduce equipment failures and ensure the availability of battery packs. The operation and maintenance cost is related to the scale of the power station, the type of battery, the charging and discharging conditions, and the aging degree of the battery. The aging coefficient α and the operation and maintenance coefficient k _r are introduced.

$= T \cdot Σ_{i = 1}^{N} [k_{ri} \cdot \sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} \cdot {(1 + α)}^{r_{i} / R_{i}}]$ ①； $= T &Center Dot; Σ_{i = 1}^{N} [k_{the ri} \cdot \sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} &Center Dot; {(1 + α)}^{r_{i} / R_{i}}]$ ①;

式中，T为调度周期；k_ri分别为第i组独立可调电池组运行维护系数（元/kWh）；P_it和Q_it为独立可调电池组的调度有功和无功功率；r_i和R_i分别为第i组独立可调电池组已充放电次数和可允许的总循环次数；老化系数α可根据周围环境情况取值，例如取α＝1。In the formula, T is the scheduling period; k _ri are the operation and maintenance coefficients of the i-th independent adjustable battery pack (yuan/kWh); P _it and Q _it are the dispatching active and reactive power of the independent adjustable battery pack; r _i and R _i are the charging and discharging times and allowable total cycle times of the i-th independent adjustable battery pack respectively; the aging coefficient α can be set according to the surrounding environment, for example, α=1.

（2）损耗成本C_l。在有功调度的过程中，考虑储能系统（电池组和PCS）在充放电过程中有一定的功率损耗，引入充电效率η_c和放电效率η_d。当某独立可调电池组A_i充电时，其某调度周期内电量增加量为：(2) Loss cost C _l . In the process of active power dispatching, considering that the energy storage system (battery pack and PCS) has a certain power loss during the charging and discharging process, the charging efficiency η _c and discharging efficiency η _d are introduced. When an independent adjustable battery pack A _i is charged, the amount of power increase in a certain scheduling cycle is:

$Δ E_{i} = {&Integral;}_{0}^{T} η_{ci} \cdot \sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} dt = η_{ci} \cdot \sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} \cdot T$ ③； $Δ {E.}_{i} = {&Integral;}_{0}^{T} η_{ci} &Center Dot; \sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} dt = η_{ci} &Center Dot; \sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} &Center Dot; T$ ③;

当放电时，某调度周期内电量增加量为：When discharging, the amount of power increase in a dispatch period is:

则损耗成本为Then the loss cost is

式中，k_l为电池组电能损耗系数（元/kWh）。In the formula, k _l is the power loss coefficient of the battery pack (yuan/kWh).

（3）固定成本C_f。任一可调电池组的建设成本C_fi和充放电总循环次数R_i是确定的，假设电池经过R_i次充放电操作后报废，忽略其残余价值，则可将固定建设成本C_fi均分到R_i次的独立充放电操作中。假设一次独立的充放电操作会减少电池组固定成本C_fi/R_i，而某调度周期内电池组处于不充电模式或者充放电模式与上一调度周期相同，则可认为此调度周期内消耗的固定成本为零。模型引入是否成为一次独立充放电行为的标志位ρ_i：(3) Fixed cost C _f . The construction cost C _fi and the total number of charge and discharge cycles R _i of any adjustable battery pack are determined. Assuming that the battery is scrapped after R _i times of charge and discharge operations, ignoring its residual value, the fixed construction cost C _fi can be divided equally to R _i times of independent charge and discharge operations. Assuming that an independent charging and discharging operation will reduce the fixed cost of the battery pack C _fi /R _i , and the battery pack is in the non-charging mode or the charging and discharging mode is the same as the previous scheduling cycle in a certain scheduling cycle, it can be considered that the battery pack consumed in this scheduling cycle Fixed costs are zero. The model introduces whether it becomes an independent charge and discharge behavior flag ρ _i :

则一个调度周期内的固定成本消耗为：Then the fixed cost consumption in one scheduling cycle is:

$C_{f} = Σ_{i = 1}^{N} \frac{ρ_{i} \cdot C_{fi}}{R_{i}}$ ⑥； $C_{f} = Σ_{i = 1}^{N} \frac{ρ_{i} &Center Dot; C_{the fi}}{R_{i}}$ ⑥;

因此，总目标函数为：Therefore, the overall objective function is:

min C＝C_m+C_l+C_f ⑦。min C = C _m + C _l + C _f ⑦.

2.约束条件2. Constraints

（1）功率平衡约束。总调度需求功率应正确的分配给各独立可调度电池组，存在功率等式(1) Power balance constraints. The total scheduling demand power should be correctly allocated to each independently schedulable battery pack, and there is a power equation

式中，P_total和Q_total分别为总调度有功功率需求和无功功率需求（kW），电池组充电为正。In the formula, P _total and Q _total are the total dispatching active power demand and reactive power demand (kW) respectively, and the charging of the battery pack is positive.

（2）电池功率约束。电池充放电功率受自身条件限制，应满足一定上下限范围。(2) Battery power constraints. The charging and discharging power of the battery is limited by its own conditions and should meet certain upper and lower limits.

充电时，u_i＝1，P_i为正， $P_{ci}^{\min} \leq P_{i} \leq P_{ci}^{\max}$ ⑨；When charging, u _i = 1, P _i is positive, $P_{ci}^{\min} \leq P_{i} \leq P_{ci}^{\max}$ ⑨;

放电时，u_i＝-1，P_i为负， $P_{di}^{\min} \leq - P_{i} \leq P_{di}^{\max}$ ⑩；When discharging, u _i =-1, P _i is negative, $P_{di}^{\min} \leq - P_{i} \leq P_{di}^{\max}$ ⑩;

式中，和

分别为第i组独立可调电池的最小和最大充电有功功率（kW），

和分别为第i组独立可调电池的最小和最大放电有功功率（kW）。In the formula, and

are the minimum and maximum charging active power (kW) of the i-th group of independently adjustable batteries, respectively,

and are the minimum and maximum discharge active power (kW) of the i-th group of independently adjustable batteries, respectively.

对于系统总功率也应满足：The total power of the system should also meet:

式中，

和

分别为第i组电池的最小和最大总充放电功率。In the formula,

and

are the minimum and maximum total charge and discharge power of the i-th battery, respectively.

有时，为了满足电池组经济运行的要求，限制无功充放电功率的大小不超过设定值（电池组一般不吸收无功功率，只发出无功功率Q_i，取为负），即：Sometimes, in order to meet the requirements of economical operation of the battery pack, the size of the reactive charging and discharging power is limited not to exceed the set value (the battery pack generally does not absorb reactive power, but only emits reactive power Q _i , which is taken as negative), namely:

式中，系数β_i≤1，为允许释放无功的系数。In the formula, the coefficient β _i ≤ 1 is the coefficient that allows the release of reactive power.

（3）荷电量约束。在电池的充放电循环过程中，电池内部所存储的能量需在自身允许范围之内，即：(3) Constraints on charge capacity. During the charging and discharging cycle of the battery, the energy stored inside the battery must be within its own allowable range, that is:

式中，

和

分别为第i组电池允许的最小和最大荷电量。In the formula,

and

储能电站的总调度优化数学模型如下：The general scheduling optimization mathematical model of the energy storage power station is as follows:

$= = T T \cdot \cdot {Σ Σ}_{i i = = 11}^{N N} [[{k k}_{ri the ri} \cdot \cdot \sqrt{{P P}_{it it}^{22} + + {Q Q}_{it it}^{22}} \cdot \cdot {((11 + + α α))}^{{r r}_{i i} / / {R R}_{i i}}]]$

$+ + {k k}_{l l} T T {Σ Σ}_{i i = = 11}^{N N} [[((11 - - η η)) \cdot \cdot \sqrt{{P P}_{it it}^{22} + + {Q Q}_{it it}^{22}}]] + + {Σ Σ}_{i i = = 11}^{N N} \frac{{ρ ρ}_{i i} \cdot &Center Dot; {C C}_{fi the fi}}{{R R}_{i i}}$

${Q Q}_{total total} = = {Σ Σ}_{i i = = 11}^{N N} {Q Q}_{i i}$

${β β}_{i i} \cdot &Center Dot; {S S}_{i i}^{min min} \leq \leq - - {Q Q}_{i i} \leq \leq {β β}_{i i} \cdot &Center Dot; {S S}_{i i}^{max max}$

$Δ Δ {E E.}_{i i} = = η η \cdot &Center Dot; \sqrt{{P P}_{it it}^{22} + + {Q Q}_{it it}^{22}} \cdot \cdot T T$

${ρ ρ}_{i i} = = \{\begin{matrix} 00 & {u u}_{i i} ((t t - - 11)) \cdot &Center Dot; {u u}_{i i} ((t t)) = = 11 \\ 11 & else else \end{matrix}$

其中：in:

1）控制变量为充放电功率P_i和Q_i，i=1,…,N，共2N个。当储能电站只进行有功功率调度时，取Q_i=0，则优化模型降维，控制变量变为N个。1) The control variables are charging and discharging powers P _i and Q _i , i=1,...,N, 2N in total. When the energy storage power station only performs active power dispatching, Q _i =0, then the dimensionality of the optimization model is reduced, and the number of control variables becomes N.

2）来源于PCS、BMS的数据包括：2) Data from PCS and BMS include:

η_c—充电效率；η _c - charging efficiency;

η_d—放电效率；η _d - discharge efficiency;

—第i组电池的最小允许充放电功率（kVA）；

—The minimum allowable charging and discharging power of the i-th battery pack (kVA);

—第i组电池的最大允许充放电功率（kVA）；

—The maximum allowable charging and discharging power of the i-th battery pack (kVA);

SOC—荷电量值（kWh）；SOC—charge value (kWh);

—第i组电池的最小允许荷电量（kWh）；

—The minimum allowable charging capacity of the i-th battery pack (kWh);

第i组电池的最大允许荷电量（kWh）；

The maximum allowable charging capacity of the i-th battery pack (kWh);

u(t-1)前调度周期电池组工作状态；u(t-1) The working state of the battery pack in the previous scheduling cycle;

3）根据各电池组的情况和经验数据可获知如下数据：3) According to the situation and empirical data of each battery pack, the following data can be obtained:

k_ri-电池组运行维护系数（元/kWh）；k _ri - battery pack operation and maintenance coefficient (yuan/kWh);

α-老化系数；α- aging coefficient;

k_l-电池组电能损耗系数（元/kWh）。k _l - battery power loss coefficient (yuan/kWh).

4）来源于上级调度中心数据：4) Data from superior dispatch center:

T—调度周期；T—scheduling period;

P_total—调度有功功率总需求（kW）；P _total — total active power demand for dispatching (kW);

Q_total—调度无功功率总需求（kvar）。Q _total — total dispatched reactive power demand (kvar).

5）来源于后台数据库的数据：5) Data from the background database:

N—可用的可独立调度的电池组总数；N—the total number of independently dispatchable battery packs available;

C_fl—电池组投入的建设成本（元）；C _fl - the construction cost of the battery pack input (yuan);

β_i—允许的无功功率放电系数。β _i — Allowable reactive power discharge coefficient.

r_i—电池组已充放电次数。r _i —the number of times the battery pack has been charged and discharged.

若部分储能支路发生故障，将导致储能支路退出运行或者降容使用，对应需要对数学模型进行修正：If part of the energy storage branch fails, it will cause the energy storage branch to stop running or reduce capacity, and the mathematical model needs to be corrected accordingly:

i、若第i组独立可调电池组整体发生故障，则应退出运行，待维修后再投入。故障期间，此独立可调电池组不控制，应强行去掉对应的控制变量Pi和Q_i，控制变量维数减1。i. If the i-th independent adjustable battery pack fails as a whole, it should be out of operation and put into operation after maintenance. During the fault period, the independently adjustable battery pack is not controlled, and the corresponding control variables Pi and Q _i should be forcibly removed, and the dimension of the control variables should be reduced by 1.

ii、若第i组独立可调电池组中某电池支路发生故障，该故障支路退出运行待维修，此独立可调电池组中剩余电池组仍可继续运行，但对应此独立可调电池组的所有参数应做降容处理。参数修正后，优化调度模型不变。ii. If a battery branch in the i-th independent adjustable battery pack fails, the faulty branch will be out of operation to be repaired, and the remaining battery packs in this independently adjustable battery pack can still continue to operate, but the corresponding independent adjustable battery All parameters of the group should be derated. After the parameters are corrected, the optimal scheduling model remains unchanged.

步骤（5）输出储能电站电池组的功率调度指令。Step (5) Output the power scheduling command of the battery pack of the energy storage power station.

实施例Example

一）为各参数赋值如下表1-表3所示：1) Assign values to each parameter as shown in Table 1-Table 3 below:

表1为各独立可调电池组相同的固定参数Table 1 shows the same fixed parameters for each independently adjustable battery pack

表2为各独立可调电池组不同的固定参数、非固定参数Table 2 shows the different fixed parameters and non-fixed parameters of each independently adjustable battery pack

表3为各独立可调电池组的非固定参数Table 3 shows the non-fixed parameters of each independently adjustable battery pack

二）约束条件取值如下：2) The value of the constraints are as follows:

I、取（P_Ni为独立可调电池组的额定功率，i∈{1,2,3,4}）；I. Pick (P _Ni is the rated power of the independently adjustable battery pack, i∈{1,2,3,4});

II、取

（P_Ni为独立可调电池组的额定功率,i∈{1,2,3,4}）；II. Pick

(P _Ni is the rated power of the independently adjustable battery pack, i∈{1,2,3,4});

III、 ${SOC}_{i}^{\min} \leq {SOC}_{i} \leq {SOC}_{i}^{\max},$ 取 ${SOC}_{i}^{\min} = 20 %,$ ${SOC}_{i}^{\max} = 100 %,$ i∈{1,2,3,4}；III. ${SOC}_{i}^{\min} \leq {SOC}_{i} \leq {SOC}_{i}^{\max},$ Pick ${SOC}_{i}^{\min} = 20 %,$ ${SOC}_{i}^{\max} = 100 %,$ i∈{1,2,3,4};

IV、

式中P_i为独立可调电池组的充放功率。IV,

In the formula, P _i is the charging and discharging power of the independently adjustable battery pack.

三）设定调度周期T＝5min，进行了5个连续周期的调度的仿真，结果如表4。3) Set the scheduling period T=5min, and carry out the simulation of scheduling for 5 consecutive periods, and the results are shown in Table 4.

表4调度周期T内仿真结果表Table 4 Simulation results table in scheduling period T

仿真结果表明：Simulation results show:

A、任一调度周期内，均能达到调度的要求，即满足

A. In any scheduling period, the scheduling requirements can be met, that is, the

B、各调度周期内独立可调电池组均能满足充放电功率约束条件：

B. The independently adjustable battery packs can meet the charging and discharging power constraints in each scheduling cycle:

$P_{di}^{\min} \leq - P_{i} \leq P_{di}^{\max},$ 如图3所示。 $P_{di}^{\min} \leq - P_{i} \leq P_{di}^{\max},$ As shown in Figure 3.

C、各调度周期内独立可调电池组的荷电量SOC的变化情况如图4所示，均能满足荷电量的约束条件： ${SOC}_{i}^{\min} \leq {SOC}_{i} \leq {SOC}_{i}^{\max} .$ C. The variation of the SOC of the independently adjustable battery pack in each dispatch cycle is shown in Figure 4, all of which can meet the constraint conditions of the charge capacity: ${SOC}_{i}^{\min} \leq {SOC}_{i} \leq {SOC}_{i}^{\max} .$

D、比较不同调度周期内的总成本看到：下一调度周期无充放电状态变化时，总成本相对较小；当下一调度周期与前一周期发生充放电状态变化时，总成本相对较大。这表明本调度策略有效反应了频繁切换充放电状态对总成本的影响。D. Comparing the total cost in different scheduling cycles, we can see that: when there is no change in the charging and discharging state in the next scheduling cycle, the total cost is relatively small; when the charging and discharging state changes in the next scheduling cycle and the previous cycle, the total cost is relatively large . This shows that this scheduling strategy effectively reflects the impact of frequent switching of charging and discharging states on the total cost.

本发明提出了以总成本最低为目标的功率调度优化方法，通过仿真算例验证了储能支路功率优化调度的可行性，实现了储能电站的经济调度优化。The present invention proposes a power scheduling optimization method aiming at the lowest total cost, verifies the feasibility of energy storage branch power optimal scheduling through simulation examples, and realizes economic scheduling optimization of energy storage power stations.

最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，而未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: the present invention can still be Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. the economic optimization dispatching method of an energy-accumulating power station, the system that described method is used comprises independent adjustable battery group, transformer, transformer bus and energy storage monitor system power dispatching center; On the bus of described independent adjustable battery group access step down side; Described transformer and described energy storage monitor system power dispatching center communicate; Described energy storage monitor system power dispatching center and power network dispatching system communicate;

It is characterized in that described method comprises the steps:

(1) initialization energy-accumulating power station data;

(2) determine independently can dispatch the group number of battery pack;

(3) reading in described independence can dispatch the operational factor of battery pack and be uploaded to energy storage monitor system power dispatching center;

(4) determine Optimum Economic Optimized Operation scheme, draw the Optimum Economic Optimal Operation Model;

(5) the power dispatching instruction of output energy-accumulating power station battery pack.

2. economic optimization dispatching method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described step (1), described energy-accumulating power station comprises independently can dispatch battery pack; Described independence can be dispatched battery pack and be drawn together the energy storage branch road; Route energy accumulation current converter PCS, battery management system BMS and battery pile BP are propped up in described energy storage; Described energy-accumulating power station data refer to energy storage type and the parameter of energy accumulation current converter PCS, battery management system BMS and battery pile BP.

3. economic optimization dispatching method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described step (2), described independent adjustable battery group refers to the energy-storage battery group that battery operated state is identical in management and running, parameter synchronization changes; Determine that each independent adjustable battery group is as a control variables independently, with A _iExpression, i=1 wherein ..., N.

4. economic optimization dispatching method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described step (3), the operational factor that described independence can be dispatched battery pack comprises charge efficiency η _c, discharging efficiency η _d, battery minimum allow to discharge and recharge power

The maximum of battery allows to discharge and recharge power

The minimum of charged value SOC, battery allows carrying capacity The maximum of battery allows carrying capacity

With previous dispatching cycle of battery pack operating state u _i(t-1).

5. economic optimization dispatching method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the independent operational factor that can dispatch battery pack is uploaded to energy storage monitor system power dispatching center, and the construction cost C that the independent group that can dispatch battery pack is counted N, battery pack input is read from database in energy storage monitor system power dispatching center simultaneously _Fl, the reactive power discharge coefficient β of permission _iWith battery pack discharge and recharge number of times r _i

6. economic optimization dispatching method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described step (4), determines that Optimum Economic Optimized Operation scheme comprises target function and the constraints of determining energy-accumulating power station.

7. economic optimization dispatching method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the target function of economic optimization scheduling scheme is minimum as optimization aim take total cost C, and control variables is taken as the active-power P of battery pack _iAnd reactive power Q _i, wherein: i=1 ..., N; Described total cost C comprises fixed cost C _fWith variable cost C _rAt energy-accumulating power station, fixed cost refers to install construction cost; Variable cost comprises operation expense C _mWith cost depletions C _l

8. economic optimization dispatching method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described operation expense C _mRepresent with following formula:

C_{m} = Σ_{i = 1}^{N} [({&Integral;}_{0}^{T} k_{ri} \cdot \sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} \cdot dt) \cdot {(1 + α)}^{r_{i} / R_{i}}]

= T \cdot Σ_{i = 1}^{N} [k_{ri} \cdot \sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} \cdot {(1 + α)}^{r_{i} / R_{i}}]

①；

In the formula: T is dispatching cycle; k _RiBe that i organizes independent adjustable battery group operation maintenance coefficient, unit is unit/kWh; P _ItAnd Q _ItMeritorious and the reactive power for the scheduling of independent adjustable battery group; r _iAnd R _iBe respectively i and organize the global cycle number of times that independent adjustable battery group has discharged and recharged number of times and permission; α is aging coefficient, gets α=1.

9. economic optimization dispatching method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described cost depletions C _lRepresent with following expression formula group:

In the formula: k _lBe battery pack electric energy loss coefficient, unit is unit/kWh;

As independent adjustable battery group A _iDuring charging, T electric weight recruitment is in its dispatching cycle:

Δ E_{i} = {&Integral;}_{0}^{T} η_{ci} \cdot \sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} dt = η_{ci} \cdot \sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} \cdot T

②；

As independent adjustable battery group A _iDuring discharge, the interior electric weight recruitment of its dispatching cycle of T is:

Δ E_{i} = {&Integral;}_{0}^{T} (\sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} / η_{di}) dt = \frac{\sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} \cdot T}{η_{di}}

④；

In the formula: η _cBe charge efficiency; η _dBe discharging efficiency.

10. economic optimization dispatching method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, in energy-accumulating power station, judges that whether battery pack is called the flag bit that once independently discharges and recharges behavior is ρ _i, represent with following formula:

ρ_{i} = \{\begin{matrix} 0 & u_{i} (t - 1) \cdot u_{i} (t) = 1 \\ 1 & else \end{matrix}

⑤；

In the formula: u _i(t) be current dispatching cycle T battery pack operating state; u _i(t-1) be previous dispatching cycle of battery pack operating state;

Described fixed cost C _fRepresent with following formula:

C_{f} = Σ_{i = 1}^{N} \frac{ρ_{i} \cdot C_{fi}}{R_{i}}

In the formula: C _FiConstruction cost for arbitrary independent adjustable battery group; R _iBe that i organizes the global cycle number of times that independent adjustable battery group discharges and recharges permission.

11. economic optimization dispatching method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the target function of economic optimization scheduling scheme represents with following formula:

min C＝C _m+C _l+C _f ⑦。

12. economic optimization dispatching method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the constraints of economic optimization scheduling scheme comprises power-balance constraint, battery charging and discharging power constraint and carrying capacity constraint.

13. economic optimization dispatching method as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, described power-balance constraint represents with following formula:

\{\begin{matrix} P_{total} = Σ_{i = 1}^{N} P_{i} \\ Q_{total} = Σ_{i = 1}^{N} Q_{i} \end{matrix}

⑧；

In the formula: P _TotalAnd Q _TotalBe respectively total activation active power demand and reactive power demand, unit is kW, and batteries charging is for just.

14. economic optimization dispatching method as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, the bound scope of described battery charging and discharging power is as follows:

During charging, u _i=1, P _iFor just,

P_{ci}^{\min} \leq P_{i} \leq P_{ci}^{\max};

⑨；

During discharge, u _i=1, P _iFor negative,

P_{di}^{\min} \leq - P_{i} \leq P_{di}^{\max};

⑩；

In the formula,

With

Be respectively i and organize minimum and the maximum charge active power of independent adjustable battery, unit is kW,

With

Be respectively i and organize minimum and the maximum discharge active power of independent adjustable battery, unit is kW;

The power that discharges and recharges of energy-accumulating power station satisfies following formula:

In the formula:

With

The minimum and the maximum that are respectively the i Battery pack always discharge and recharge power;

In the battery set charge/discharge process, reactive power satisfies following formula:

In the formula: β _iFor allowing to discharge idle coefficient, β _i≤ 1;-Q _iThe reactive power of sending for battery pack.

15. economic optimization dispatching method as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, described carrying capacity constraint represents with following formula:

In the formula:

With

Be respectively minimum and maximum carrying capacity that the i Battery pack allows.

16. economic optimization dispatching method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described Optimum Economic Optimal Operation Model represents with following expression formula group:

\begin{matrix} \min & C = C_{m} \end{matrix} + C_{l} + C_{f}

= T \cdot Σ_{i = 1}^{N} [k_{ri} \cdot \sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} \cdot {(1 + α)}^{r_{i} / R_{i}}]

+ k_{l} T Σ_{i = 1}^{N} [(1 - η) \cdot \sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}}] + Σ_{i = 1}^{N} \frac{ρ_{i} \cdot C_{fi}}{R_{i}}

Wherein,

P_{total} = Σ_{i = 1}^{N} P_{i}

Q_{total} = Σ_{i = 1}^{N} Q_{i}

S_{i}^{\min} \leq \sqrt{P_{i}^{2} + Q_{i}^{2}} \leq S_{i}^{\max}

β_{i} \cdot S_{i}^{\min} \leq - Q_{i} \leq β_{i} \cdot S_{i}^{\max}

{SOC}_{i}^{\min} \leq {SOC}_{i} \leq {SOC}_{i}^{\max}

Δ E_{i} = η \cdot \sqrt{P_{it}^{2} + Q_{it}^{2}} \cdot T

ρ_{i} = \{\begin{matrix} 0 & u_{i} (t - 1) \cdot u_{i} (t) = 1 \\ 1 & else \end{matrix}

17. such as each described economic optimization dispatching method among the claim 1-16, it is characterized in that, when the energy storage branch road of energy-accumulating power station breaks down in the described method, the Optimum Economic Optimal Operation Model revised in the following manner:

1) if i organizes independent adjustable battery group integral body to break down, then out of service, after keeping in repair, come into operation again; Remove by force the control variables P that i organizes independent adjustable battery group _iAnd Q _i, the control variables dimension subtracts 1;

2) certain energy storage branch road breaks down in the independent adjustable battery group if i organizes, and out of service the waiting of this fault energy storage branch road keeped in repair, and the remaining power group continues operation in this independent adjustable battery group, and all parameters that i is organized independent adjustable battery group are done to fall to hold and processed; After carrying out the parameter correction, Optimal Operation Model is constant.