Summary of the invention
Problem to be solved by this invention is; it is various electric pressure electric substation protection equipment for transformer that a kind of transmission and distribution networks that can be applied to is provided, and operating principle is simple, reliability is high, excise fast the relay protecting method of the various electric pressure dead-zone faults of each side of transformer.
Below provide the technical scheme of the inventive method.
At the do protective device of two-winding transformer, three-winding transformer, autotransformer or other transformers of various electric pressures of the power transformation of the applied transmission and distribution networks of method of the present invention; In theory, transformer has several working voltage grades to be connected with external circuit equipment by breaker interval equipment (being comprised of equipment such as isolating switch, circuit breaker, current transformers), several failure in transformer dead zone position is just arranged, there are 2 working voltage grades to be connected with external circuit equipment by breaker interval equipment, just have 2 failure in transformer dead zone positions at least; There are 3 working voltage grades to be connected with external circuit equipment by breaker interval equipment, just have 3 failure in transformer dead zone positions (if 1 working voltage grade has 2 breaker interval equipment, this working voltage grade side is 2 failure in transformer dead zone positions) at least.
For sake of convenience, breaker interval equipment generation failure in transformer dead zone with one of them working voltage grade of transformer, describe quick startup and excise the method for this fault, the transformer of other electric pressure and transformer are two-winding transformer, three-winding transformer, autotransformer or other transformers, or each side of transformer is by the combination of other electric pressure, its method is similar, no longer tired stating.This breaker interval equipment is comprised of equipment such as isolating switch, circuit breaker, TA; TA has respectively several groups of secondary winding, and these several groups of secondary winding access respectively the secondary devices such as transformer differential protection (backup protection), bus differential protecting, measuring from bus bar side to transformer side.The bushing shell for transformer place has also installed sleeve pipe TA.The TA that the standby protection in 110kV and each rear flank of following transformer is used separates with transformer differential protection, the TA of use be different TA(such as differential protection is used the TA of circuit breaker place, and sleeve pipe TA is used in the standby protection), or the different secondary winding of TA.Its control method comprises following control procedure:
In the tripping operation of transformer side dead-zone fault is controlled, set following condition:
Condition one, the standby trip protection exit relay in this rear flank of transformer trips exit relay in operate condition in operate condition or other electric parameters protection (such as this side bus differential protection);
Condition two, this side of transformer A phase or B phase or C phase current reach setting value, or zero-sequence current or negative-sequence current >=setting value;
When above-mentioned condition all meets, this side transformer differential protection of a t1 definite value of time delay (as 150ms) backed off after random transformer TA, this side electric current of transformer does not participate in the transformer differential protection Current calculation; When above-mentioned arbitrary condition does not meet, access immediately this side transformer differential of transformer TA, this side electric current of transformer participates in the transformer differential protection Current calculation.Because transformer differential protection exits fault side electric current from the transformer differential protection Current calculation; be equivalent to the comprehensive poor stream of transformer differential protection by being 0 or the very little short circuit current that becomes short dot originally; just make transformer differential protection judge that this fault becomes troubles inside the sample space by external area error; transformer differential protection is with regard to action launching transformer differential exit relay; other circuit breakers of tripping transformer, excised this fault.
The present invention excises the relay protecting method of failure in transformer dead zone fast, with the method for existing excision failure in transformer dead zone, compares, and has following advantage:
1. the do technical scheme of the two-winding transformer of various electric pressures, three-winding transformer, the isallobaric device protective device of autotransformer of the power transformation that is applicable to transmission and distribution networks.
2. adopt time delay backed off after random transformer fault side transformer differential TA after the method judgement dead-zone fault, transformer fault side electric current does not participate in the method for transformer differential protection Current calculation, and criterion is simple and practical; After the judgement dead-zone fault, only time delay very short time (as 150ms), with regard to quick starting transformer differential protection, has reached the purpose of this dead band fault of quick excision;
3. owing to not adding breaker open operation position contact in criterion; for electric substation's side bus fault; the standby protection action in bus protection action or transformer fault rear flank; but transformer fault side circuit breaker miss operation (breaker failure); the present invention program also can time delay one definite time-lag (as 150ms) backed off after random transformer fault side transformer differential TA after the tripping of judgement circuit breaker; the starting transformer differential protection, excise this fault fast.
Embodiment
The 220kV autotransformer protection of 220kV electric substation of take is example; the method that failure in transformer dead zone starts this fault of excision is fast described; the transformer of other electric pressure and transformer are two-winding transformer, three-winding transformer, autotransformer or other transformers; or each side of transformer is by the combination of other electric pressure; its method is similar, no longer tired stating.As shown in Figure 2, be main wiring diagram of 220kV electric substation part, a 220kV autotransformer, transformer is equiped with high-pressure side circuit breaker 1QF, medium voltage side circuit breaker 2QF, low-pressure side circuit breaker 3QF; Circuit breaker 1QF place, high-pressure side, medium voltage side circuit breaker 2QF place, low-pressure side circuit breaker 3QF place are equiped with respectively one group of independently TA, and TA has respectively several groups of secondary winding, and high voltage side of transformer, medium voltage side and neutral point place have also installed sleeve pipe TA.Each side of 220kV transformer TA configuration as shown in Figure 2, wherein high voltage side of transformer (220kV) the circuit breaker TA of place secondary winding is connected to respectively first set transformer longitudinal differential and backup protection by bus bar side to transformer side, (the 220kV tranformer protection generally adopts main protection and backup protection unified collocation for the second cover transformer longitudinal differential and backup protection, be the public same group of TA secondary winding of each side of main protection and backup protection, secondary windings of PT, and main protection and backup protection all hardware equipment and software are in same cabinet), first set 220kV bus differential protecting, the second cover 220kV bus differential protecting (is pressed Q/GDW_175-2008_ " transformer, high-voltage shunt reactor and bus protection and servicing unit standardized designs standard " design tranformer protection special breaker failure current circuit is not set, by bus differential protecting, realized, otherwise have, special breaker failure current circuit is set), metering, measure, transformer medium voltage side (110kV) the circuit breaker TA of place secondary winding is connected to respectively first set transformer longitudinal differential and backup protection, the second cover transformer longitudinal differential and backup protection, 110kV bus differential protecting, metering, measurement by bus bar side to transformer side, step down side (35kV or the 10kV etc.) TA of circuit breaker place secondary winding is connected to respectively first set transformer longitudinal differential and backup protection, the second cover transformer longitudinal differential and backup protection (bus protection), failure wave-recording, metering, measurement etc. by bus bar side to transformer side.
Judgement transformer this side A phase or B phase or C also have electric current mutually, can gather this side differential protection of transformer TA electric current, can be set to (0.5-1) times high voltage side of transformer rated current by current ration; When this side of transformer is effectively earthed system, zero-sequence current or negative-sequence current definite value can be adjusted as 120A-180A.
When a certain side electric pressure of transformer is 35kV and following system, this system is generally isolated neutral system or compensated distribution network, and this side zero-sequence current criterion of transformer can.If resistance grounded system, this side zero-sequence current criterion of transformer can be used.
Below provide the inventive method and be applied to the embodiment that failure in transformer dead zone excises this fault fast:
1, the quick cutting method of high voltage side of transformer dead-zone fault
(1) as the TA at the circuit breaker place, TA(Ji high-pressure side, high-pressure side that high voltage side of transformer circuit breaker lQF and transformer differential protection are used) between when phase fault or earth fault occur; fault is outside transformer longitudinal linked differential protection scope; but, within first set 220kV bus differential protecting, the second cover 220kV bus differential protecting protection range, first set 220kV bus differential protecting, the second cover 220kV bus differential protecting start all switches of this fault bus of tripping (containing high voltage side of transformer circuit breaker lQF).If other side of transformer has power supply, although circuit breaker 1QF tripping, but fault is excision not, fault phase still has electric current or zero-sequence current or negative-sequence current to surpass setting value, therefore first set 220kV bus differential protecting, the second cover 220kV bus differential protecting still moves and does not return to (or high voltage side of transformer backup protection startup delay time still moves and do not return to backup protection), therefore two conditions of judgement dead-zone fault meet, after time delay one specified time (as 150ms), exit transformer high-voltage side transformer differential TA, be that the high voltage side of transformer electric current does not participate in the transformer differential protection Current calculation.Because transformer differential protection exits fault side electric current from the transformer differential protection Current calculation; be equivalent to the comprehensive spill current of transformer differential protection by being 0 or the very little short circuit current that becomes short dot originally; just make transformer differential protection judge that this dead band fault becomes troubles inside the sample space by external area error; transformer differential protection is with regard to action launching transformer differential exit relay; other circuit breakers of saltus step depressor, excised this fault.
(2) at open position, above-mentioned high voltage side of transformer dead-zone fault occurs as high voltage side of transformer circuit breaker lQF; fault is outside transformer longitudinal linked differential protection scope; but, within first set 220kV bus differential protecting, the second cover 220kV bus differential protecting protection range, first set 220kV bus differential protecting, the second cover 220kV bus differential protecting start all switches of this fault bus of tripping.If other side of transformer has power supply; although circuit breaker 1QF is at open position; but fault phase has short circuit current or zero-sequence current or negative-sequence current to surpass setting value; first set 220kV bus differential protecting, the second cover 220kV bus differential protecting action or high voltage side of transformer backup protection start delay time to action; therefore two conditions of judgement dead-zone fault meet; after time delay one specified time (as 150ms); exit transformer high-voltage side transformer differential TA, the high voltage side of transformer electric current does not participate in the transformer differential protection Current calculation.Because transformer differential protection exits fault side electric current from the transformer differential protection Current calculation; be equivalent to the comprehensive spill current of transformer differential protection by being 0 or the very little short circuit current that becomes short dot originally; just make transformer differential protection judge that this dead band fault becomes troubles inside the sample space by external area error; transformer differential protection is with regard to action launching transformer differential exit relay; other circuit breakers of saltus step depressor, excised this fault.
(3) if the 220kV busbar fault, although two cover 220kV bus differential protecting actions, two cover 220kV bus differential protectings start other all switches of this fault bus of tripping, but high voltage side of transformer circuit breaker lQF miss operation, if other side of transformer has power supply, not excision of fault, fault phase still has electric current or zero-sequence current or negative-sequence current to surpass setting value, therefore first set 220kV bus differential protecting, the second cover 220kV bus differential protecting still moves and does not return to (or high voltage side of transformer backup protection startup delay time still moves and do not return to backup protection), therefore two conditions of judgement dead-zone fault meet, after time delay one specified time (as 150ms), exit transformer high-voltage side transformer differential TA, be that the high voltage side of transformer electric current does not participate in the transformer differential protection Current calculation.Because transformer differential protection exits fault side electric current from the transformer differential protection Current calculation; be equivalent to the comprehensive spill current of transformer differential protection by being 0 or the very little short circuit current that becomes short dot originally; just make transformer differential protection judge that this dead band fault becomes troubles inside the sample space by external area error; transformer differential protection is with regard to action launching transformer differential exit relay; other circuit breakers of saltus step depressor, excised this fault.
(4) if this other side of electric substation's transformer does not have power supply, the transformer fault side does not have fault current to flow through, therefore two conditions of judgement dead-zone fault do not meet, just can not start and exit transformer high-voltage side transformer differential TA.
2, the quick cutting method of transformer medium voltage side dead-zone fault
(1) when the medium voltage side TA(that transformer medium voltage side circuit breaker 2QF and transformer differential protection are used be the TA at medium voltage side circuit breaker place) between when phase fault or earth fault occur, fault is outside transformer longitudinal linked differential protection scope, but within the protection range of 110kV bus differential protecting, the 110kV bus differential protecting starts all switches of this fault bus of tripping (containing transformer medium voltage side circuit breaker 2QF), although circuit breaker 2QF tripping, but fault is excision not, fault phase still has electric current or zero-sequence current or negative-sequence current to surpass setting value, therefore the 110kV bus differential protecting still moves and does not return to (or high voltage side of transformer backup protection startup delay time still moves and do not return to backup protection), therefore two conditions of judgement dead-zone fault meet, after time delay one specified time (as 150ms), exit transformer medium voltage side transformer differential TA, be that transformer medium voltage side electric current does not participate in the transformer differential protection Current calculation.Because transformer differential protection exits fault side electric current from the transformer differential protection Current calculation; be equivalent to the comprehensive spill current of transformer differential protection by being 0 or the very little short circuit current that becomes short dot originally; just make transformer differential protection judge that this dead band fault becomes troubles inside the sample space by external area error; transformer differential protection is with regard to action launching transformer differential exit relay; other circuit breakers of saltus step depressor, excised this fault.
(2) at open position, above-mentioned transformer medium voltage side dead-zone fault occurs as transformer medium voltage side circuit breaker 2QF; fault is outside transformer longitudinal linked differential protection scope; but, within 110kV bus differential protecting protection range, the 110kV bus differential protecting starts all switches of this fault bus of tripping.Although circuit breaker 2QF is at open position; but fault phase has short circuit current or zero-sequence current or negative-sequence current to surpass setting value; the action of 110kV bus differential protecting or high voltage side of transformer backup protection start delay time to action; therefore two conditions of judgement dead-zone fault meet; after time delay one specified time (as 150ms); exit transformer medium voltage side transformer differential TA, transformer medium voltage side electric current does not participate in the transformer differential protection Current calculation.Because transformer differential protection exits fault side electric current from the transformer differential protection Current calculation; be equivalent to the comprehensive spill current of transformer differential protection by being 0 or the very little short circuit current that becomes short dot originally; just make transformer differential protection judge that this dead band fault becomes troubles inside the sample space by external area error; transformer differential protection is with regard to action launching transformer differential exit relay; other circuit breakers of saltus step depressor, excised this fault.
(3) if the 110kV busbar fault, although 110kV bus differential protecting action, the 110kV bus differential protecting starts other all switches of this fault bus of tripping, but transformer medium voltage side circuit breaker 2QF tripping, but fault is excision not, fault phase still has electric current or zero-sequence current or negative-sequence current to surpass setting value, therefore the 110kV bus differential protecting still moves and does not return to (or transformer medium voltage side backup protection startup delay time still moves and do not return to backup protection), therefore two conditions of judgement dead-zone fault meet, after time delay one specified time (as 150ms), exit transformer medium voltage side transformer differential TA, be that transformer medium voltage side electric current does not participate in the transformer differential protection Current calculation.Because transformer differential protection exits fault side electric current from the transformer differential protection Current calculation; be equivalent to the comprehensive spill current of transformer differential protection by being 0 or the very little short circuit current that becomes short dot originally; just make transformer differential protection judge that this dead band fault becomes troubles inside the sample space by external area error; transformer differential protection is with regard to action launching transformer differential exit relay; other circuit breakers of saltus step depressor, excised this fault.
3, the quick cutting method of step down side dead-zone fault
(1) the step down side electric pressure is generally 35kV and following system, and this system is generally isolated neutral system or compensated distribution network or grounded system via resistance.When low-pressure side TA(that step down side circuit breaker 3QF and transformer differential protection are used is the TA at low-pressure side circuit breaker place) between when phase fault or earth fault (during grounded system via resistance) occur, fault is outside transformer longitudinal linked differential protection scope, but within the protection range of low-voltage bus bar differential protection, the low-voltage bus bar differential protection starts all switches of this fault bus of tripping (containing step down side circuit breaker 3QF), although circuit breaker 3QF tripping, but fault is excision not, fault phase still has electric current or negative-sequence current or zero-sequence current to surpass setting value (during grounded system via resistance), therefore the low-voltage bus bar differential protection still moves and does not return to that (or the step down side backup protection is not (when there is no bus protection, by a set of low-pressure side backup protection wherein as bus protection) start delay time and still move and do not return to backup protection), therefore two conditions of judgement dead-zone fault meet, after time delay one specified time (as 150ms), exit transformer low voltage side transformer differential TA, be that the step down side electric current does not participate in the transformer differential protection Current calculation.Because transformer differential protection exits fault side electric current from the transformer differential protection Current calculation; just make this dead band fault become troubles inside the sample space by the transformer differential protection external area error; transformer differential protection is with regard to action launching transformer differential exit relay; other circuit breakers of saltus step depressor, excised this fault.
(2) as step down side circuit breaker 3QF when above-mentioned low-pressure side dead-zone fault occurs in open position, fault is outside transformer longitudinal linked differential protection scope, but within the protection range of low-voltage bus bar differential protection, the low-voltage bus bar differential protection starts all switches of this fault bus of tripping, although circuit breaker 3QF is at open position, but fault phase still has electric current or negative-sequence current or zero-sequence current to surpass setting value (during grounded system via resistance), when low-voltage bus bar differential protection action or step down side backup protection (when there is no bus protection, by a set of low-pressure side backup protection wherein as bus protection) start the delay time action, therefore two conditions of judgement dead-zone fault meet, after time delay one specified time (as 150ms), exit transformer low voltage side transformer differential TA, be that the step down side electric current does not participate in the transformer differential protection Current calculation.Because transformer differential protection exits fault side electric current from the transformer differential protection Current calculation; just make this dead band fault become troubles inside the sample space by the transformer differential protection external area error; transformer differential protection is with regard to action launching transformer differential exit relay; other circuit breakers of saltus step depressor, excised this fault.
(3) if the low-voltage bus bar fault, although low-voltage bus bar differential protection action, the low-voltage bus bar differential protection starts other all switches of this fault bus of tripping, but step down side circuit breaker 3QF tripping, so fault is excision not, fault phase still has electric current or negative-sequence current to surpass setting value, the low-voltage bus bar differential protection still moves and does not return to (or step down side backup protection startup delay time still moves and do not return to backup protection), two conditions that judge dead-zone fault meet, after time delay one specified time (as 150ms), exit transformer low voltage side transformer differential TA, be that the step down side electric current does not participate in the transformer differential protection Current calculation.Because transformer differential protection exits fault side electric current from the transformer differential protection Current calculation; just make this dead band fault become troubles inside the sample space by the transformer differential protection external area error; transformer differential protection is with regard to action launching transformer differential exit relay; other circuit breakers of saltus step depressor, excised this fault.
4, the quick cutting method of other failure in transformer dead zone
When a certain side electric pressure of transformer is 35kV and following system, this system is generally isolated neutral system or compensated distribution network or grounded system via resistance, and the quick cutting method of this side dead-zone fault of transformer can be with reference to the quick cutting method of 220kV step down side dead-zone fault.When a certain side electric pressure of transformer is 220kV and above system, this system is generally effectively earthed system, and the quick cutting method of this side dead-zone fault of transformer can be with reference to the quick cutting method of 220kV high voltage side of transformer dead-zone fault.
When transformer is two-winding transformer, be equivalent to above-mentioned three-winding transformer and lacked a side, only need to consider that dead-zone fault quick cutting method in transformer both sides is just passable.When a certain side electric pressure of transformer has two branches, can consider respectively that two quick cutting methods of dead-zone fault are just passable.