CN102994917A - Alloy material, valve retainer, and preparation method and installation method thereof - Google Patents
Alloy material, valve retainer, and preparation method and installation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102994917A CN102994917A CN2012105329800A CN201210532980A CN102994917A CN 102994917 A CN102994917 A CN 102994917A CN 2012105329800 A CN2012105329800 A CN 2012105329800A CN 201210532980 A CN201210532980 A CN 201210532980A CN 102994917 A CN102994917 A CN 102994917A
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- alloy material
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- base substrate
- valve
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 38
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910017313 Mo—Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention provides an alloy material, a valve retainer prepared from the alloy material, and a preparation method and an installation method of the valve retainer, and belongs to the technical field of auto spare parts. The invention can solve problems of weak corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance of an existing alloy material and a valve retainer prepared from the alloy material in an alcohol fuel engine. The invention improves formula of the alloy material, the preparation process and installation method of the valve retainer. The valve retainer provided by the invention has excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and improved machinability, tensile strength and yield strength.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the engine fittings technical field, be specifically related to a kind of alloy material, by valve retainer, the preparation method of this valve retainer and the installation method of valve retainer of this alloy material preparation.
Background technology
Ethanol is a kind of clean reproducible energy, and the gasoline that uses on the domestic market has all added part ethanol, and especially Brazilian market, world market is huge to the consumption of alcohol fuel, and therefore the engine take ethanol as fuel is very large in the world market potentiality.
Because the ethanol content in some regional alcohol fuel is higher, for example the ethanol content in the alcohol fuel of Brazil is higher, be up to 100%, alcohol fuel burning rear oxidation thing growing amount reduces, the acid growing amount increases, and engine valve and seat ring contact surface increase, and between valve and the seat ring without oil-mist lubrication, lubricating condition is abominable, corrosion and wearing and tearing aggravation.Alcohol fuel requires higher to the reliability test of engine, and traditional petrolic seat ring material or the seat ring material of natural gas engine all do not satisfy, seat ring after finishing the 200h reliability test, will occur and seriously sink the phenomenon that valve and seat ring are poorly sealed.Need exploitation for the valve retainer material of the engine take ethanol as fuel, raising valve retainer material, corrosion-resistant and abrasion resistance properties.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve the relatively poor problem of corrosion-resistant and abrasion resistance properties of existing alloy material, a kind of corrosion-resistant and good alloy material of abrasion resistance properties is provided.
The technical scheme that solution the technology of the present invention problem adopts is a kind of alloy material, and its composition is by mass percentage:
C 1.1-1.6%；
Cr 6.0-8.0%；
Mo 6.0-8.0%；
Co 10.0-13.0%；
Ni 2.0-4.0%；
Mn 0.9-1.7%；
S 0.7-1.5%；
Other inevitable impurity is below 1.0%,
Surplus is Fe.
Alloy material of the present invention is by adding alloy particle Cr, Mo, Co (Cr-Mo-Co is hard particles), can the intermetallic initial wear of establishment, guarantee wear resistance, the thermostability of alloy material, be aided with again self-lubricating property and processing characteristics that MnS (S and Mn combination) can improve material.
Preferably, its composition is by mass percentage:
C 1.2-1.5%；
Cr 6.5-7.6%；
Mo 6.3-7.0%；
Co 11.0-12.6%；
Ni 2.3-3.7%；
Mn 1.0-1.6%；
S 0.9-1.4%；
Other inevitable impurity is below 1.0%,
Surplus is Fe.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention also comprises, for the not good problem of valve retainer wear resisting property and corrosion resisting property among the preparation method of valve retainer, provides the preparation method of the good valve retainer of a kind of wear resisting property and corrosion resisting property.
Solving the technical scheme that the technology of the present invention problem adopts is a kind of preparation method of valve retainer, may further comprise the steps: by the powder of each raw material of proportioning weighing of above-mentioned alloy material and mix compacting, obtain the base substrate of valve retainer;
Base substrate stoking with valve retainer;
Base substrate to valve retainer carries out aftertreatment.
Preferably, in the described stoking step, sintering temperature is 1090-1110 ℃, and sintering time is 14-16min.
Preferably, described post-processing step comprises: the base substrate of valve retainer is processed 40-60min at overheated steam, and wherein, temperature is 540-560 ℃.
Further preferably, the base substrate of described seat ring in overheated steam is processed, the Fe of Surface Creation
3O
4Thickness be 3-4 μ m.
Wear resisting property and the corrosion resisting property of the valve retainer of method preparation of the present invention are good, and the machinability of valve retainer, tensile strength and anti-yield strength are improved.
The present invention also provides a kind of valve retainer, and this valve retainer is that the Rockwell hardness of described valve retainer is 35-50 by the aforesaid method preparation, and density is 6.7-7.1g/cm
3, crushing strength is 450-500MPa.Therefore, wear resisting property and the corrosion resisting property of this valve retainer are good, and the machinability of valve retainer, tensile strength and anti-yield strength are improved.
The present invention also provides a kind of installation method of valve retainer, and the shrink range that is pressed into cylinder cap by the control valve retainer is 64-107 μ m, and it is cracked to prevent that seat ring is pressed into behind the cylinder cap.
Embodiment
For making those skilled in the art understand better technical scheme of the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment provides a kind of alloy material, and the prescription of this alloy material sees Table 1.
Preferably, above-mentioned alloy material is applied to prepare valve retainer.Certainly, also be not restricted to the valve retainer of intake and exhaust, also can be applied to the place of other corrosion and serious wear, for example, time gear.
Add alloy particle Cr, Mo, Co (Cr-Mo-Co is hard particles) in the alloy material, can the intermetallic initial wear of establishment, guarantee wear resistance, the thermostability of alloy material, be aided with again self-lubricating property and processing characteristics that MnS (S and Mn combination) can improve alloy material.
Preferably, the alloy material with above-mentioned prescription passes through: the technological process of weighing-batch mixing-compacting-sintering-deepfreeze-thermal treatment-aftertreatment makes valve retainer.Wherein, weighing, batch mixing and compacting can adopt the method for prior art to carry out.
Preferably, above-mentioned sintering process is stoking, the base substrate of the valve retainer after the compression moulding is placed on carries out sintering in the continuous fritting furnace, and sintering temperature is 1100 ℃, and sintering time is 16min.
Preferably, the base substrate of valve retainer also can adopt freezing handler to carry out deepfreeze and adopts annealing to heat-treat behind the sintering, in order to improve weave construction, improves the over-all properties of seat ring.
Preferably, described aftertreatment technology is: the base substrate of valve retainer is processed 40min under overheated steam, wherein, the pressure of water vapour is 1.013MPa, temperature is 550 ℃, the iron generation chemical reaction of water vapour and valve retainer generates evenly, fine and close, ferromegnetism, thickness are arranged is the oxide compound Fe of 3 μ m
3O
4, the simultaneous oxidation thing also can infiltrate in the hole of valve retainer, at work can the intermetallic contact wear of establishment, increased wear resisting property and corrosion resisting property.
Preferably, through the valve retainer that above-mentioned technique makes, its Rockwell hardness is 45, and density is 6.7g/cm
3, crushing strength is 470MPa.
Above-mentioned valve retainer is fit into cylinder cap by the method for shrink-fit, and wherein shrink range is 88 μ m, and is cracked to prevent that seat ring is pressed into behind the cylinder cap.
The valve retainer of getting the present embodiment preparation is put into the cylinder of engine, carry out the 500h reliability test take 100% ethanol as fuel, the results are shown in Table 2, as known from Table 2, the abrasion loss of the valve retainer of present embodiment preparation is less, is particularly suitable for the engine take ethanol as fuel.
The prescription of each embodiment alloy material of table 1
| C（W%） | Cr（W%） | Mo（W%） | Co（W%） | Ni（W%） | Mn（W%） | S（W%） | Other | Fe | |
| Embodiment 1 | 1.4 | 7 | 7 | 12 | 2 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.3 | Surplus |
| Embodiment 2 | 1.6 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 3 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.6 | Surplus |
| Embodiment 3 | 1.1 | 6 | 6 | 13 | 4 | 1.7 | 1 | 0.7 | Surplus |
| Embodiment 4 | 1.2 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 11 | 2.3 | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | Surplus |
| Embodiment 5 | 1.5 | 7.6 | 7.8 | 12.6 | 3.7 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 0.9 | Surplus |
Each embodiment valve retainer reliability testing contrast table of table 2
| Seat ring abrasion loss (mm) | The test performance | |
| The contrast seat ring | 0.32 | 220h lost efficacy |
| The seat ring of embodiment 1 | 0.08 | Finish the 500h test |
| The seat ring of embodiment 2 | 0.06 | Finish the 500h test |
| The seat ring of embodiment 3 | 0.09 | Finish the 500h test |
| The seat ring of embodiment 4 | 0.07 | Finish the 500h test |
| The seat ring of embodiment 5 | 0.05 | Finish the 500h test |
Annotate: the contrast seat ring is commercially available petrol engine seat ring.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment provides a kind of alloy material, and the prescription of this alloy material sees Table 1.
Preferably, above-mentioned alloy material is applied to prepare valve retainer.Certainly, also be not restricted to the valve retainer of intake and exhaust, also can be applied to the place of other corrosion and serious wear, for example, time gear.
Add alloy particle Cr, Mo, Co (Cr-Mo-Co is hard particles) in the alloy material, can the intermetallic initial wear of establishment, guarantee wear resistance, the thermostability of alloy material, be aided with again self-lubricating property and processing characteristics that MnS (S and Mn combination) can improve alloy material.
Preferably, the alloy material with above-mentioned prescription passes through: the technological process of weighing-batch mixing-compacting-sintering-deepfreeze-thermal treatment-aftertreatment makes valve retainer.Wherein, weighing, batch mixing and compacting can adopt the method for prior art to carry out.
Preferably, above-mentioned sintering process is stoking, the base substrate of the valve retainer after the compression moulding is placed on carries out sintering in the continuous fritting furnace, and sintering temperature is 1090 ℃, and sintering time is 15min.
Preferably, the base substrate of valve retainer also can adopt freezing handler to carry out deepfreeze and adopts annealing to heat-treat behind the sintering, in order to improve weave construction, improves the over-all properties of seat ring.
Preferably, described aftertreatment technology is: the base substrate of valve retainer is processed 50min under overheated steam, wherein, the pressure of water vapour is 1.013MPa, temperature is 540 ℃, the iron generation chemical reaction of water vapour and valve retainer generates evenly, fine and close, ferromegnetism, thickness are arranged is the oxide compound Fe of 3.5 μ m
3O
4, the simultaneous oxidation thing also can infiltrate in the hole of valve retainer, at work can the intermetallic contact wear of establishment, increased wear resisting property and corrosion resisting property.
Preferably, through the valve retainer that above-mentioned technique makes, its Rockwell hardness is 35-50, and density is 6.8g/cm
3, crushing strength is 480MPa.
Above-mentioned valve retainer is fit into cylinder cap by the method for shrink-fit, and wherein shrink range is 64 μ m, and is cracked to prevent that seat ring is pressed into behind the cylinder cap.
The valve retainer of getting the present embodiment preparation is put into the cylinder of engine, carry out the 500h reliability test take 100% ethanol as fuel, the results are shown in Table 2, as known from Table 2, the abrasion loss of the valve retainer of present embodiment preparation is less, is particularly suitable for the engine take ethanol as fuel.
Embodiment 3
Present embodiment provides a kind of alloy material, and the prescription of this alloy material sees Table 1.
Preferably, above-mentioned alloy material is applied to prepare valve retainer.Certainly, also be not restricted to the valve retainer of intake and exhaust, also can be applied to the place of other corrosion and serious wear, for example, time gear.
Add alloy particle Cr, Mo, Co (Cr-Mo-Co is hard particles) in the alloy material, can the intermetallic initial wear of establishment, guarantee wear resistance, the thermostability of alloy material, be aided with again self-lubricating property and processing characteristics that MnS (S and Mn combination) can improve alloy material.
Preferably, the base substrate of valve retainer also can adopt freezing handler to carry out deepfreeze and adopts annealing to heat-treat behind the sintering, in order to improve weave construction, improves the over-all properties of seat ring.
Preferably, above-mentioned sintering process is stoking, the base substrate of the valve retainer after the compression moulding is placed on carries out sintering in the continuous fritting furnace, and sintering temperature is 1110 ℃, and sintering time is 15min.
Valve retainer adopts prior art to carry out deepfreeze and thermal treatment behind the sintering, in order to improve weave construction, improves the over-all properties of seat ring.
Preferably, described aftertreatment technology is: valve retainer is processed 60min under overheated steam, wherein, the pressure of water vapour is 1.013MPa, temperature is 560 ℃, the iron generation chemical reaction of water vapour and valve retainer generates evenly, fine and close, ferromegnetism, thickness are arranged is the oxide compound Fe of 3.8 μ m
3O
4, the simultaneous oxidation thing also can infiltrate in the hole of valve retainer, at work can the intermetallic contact wear of establishment, increased wear resisting property and corrosion resisting property.
Preferably, through the valve retainer that above-mentioned technique makes, its Rockwell hardness is 35, and density is 7.0g/cm
3, crushing strength is 460MPa.
Above-mentioned valve retainer is fit into cylinder cap by the method for shrink-fit, and wherein shrink range is 100 μ m, and is cracked to prevent that seat ring is pressed into behind the cylinder cap.
The valve retainer of getting the present embodiment preparation is put into the cylinder of engine, carry out the 500h reliability test take 100% ethanol as fuel, the results are shown in Table 2, as known from Table 2, the abrasion loss of the valve retainer of present embodiment preparation is less, is particularly suitable for the engine take ethanol as fuel.
Embodiment 4
Present embodiment provides a kind of alloy material, and the prescription of this alloy material sees Table 1.
Preferably, above-mentioned alloy material is applied to prepare valve retainer.Certainly, also be not restricted to the valve retainer of intake and exhaust, also can be applied to the place of other corrosion and serious wear, for example, time gear.
Add alloy particle Cr, Mo, Co (Cr-Mo-Co is hard particles) in the alloy material, can the intermetallic initial wear of establishment, guarantee wear resistance, the thermostability of alloy material, be aided with again self-lubricating property and processing characteristics that MnS (S and Mn combination) can improve alloy material.
Preferably, the base substrate of valve retainer also can adopt freezing handler to carry out deepfreeze and adopts annealing to heat-treat behind the sintering, in order to improve weave construction, improves the over-all properties of seat ring.
Preferably, above-mentioned sintering process is stoking, the base substrate of the valve retainer after the compression moulding is placed on carries out sintering in the continuous fritting furnace, and sintering temperature is 1095 ℃, and sintering time is 14min.
Valve retainer adopts prior art to carry out deepfreeze and thermal treatment behind the sintering, in order to improve weave construction, improves the over-all properties of seat ring.
Preferably, described aftertreatment technology is: valve retainer is processed 55min under overheated steam, wherein, the pressure of water vapour is 1.013MPa, temperature is 545 ℃, the iron generation chemical reaction of water vapour and valve retainer generates evenly, fine and close, ferromegnetism, thickness are arranged is the oxide compound Fe of 3.2 μ m
3O
4, the simultaneous oxidation thing also can infiltrate in the hole of valve retainer, at work can the intermetallic contact wear of establishment, increased wear resisting property and corrosion resisting property.
Preferably, through the valve retainer that above-mentioned technique makes, its Rockwell hardness is 40, and density is 7.1g/cm
3, crushing strength is 450MPa.
Above-mentioned valve retainer is fit into cylinder cap by the method for shrink-fit, and wherein shrink range is 107 μ m, and is cracked to prevent that seat ring is pressed into behind the cylinder cap.
The valve retainer of getting the present embodiment preparation is put into the cylinder of engine, carry out the 500h reliability test take 100% ethanol as fuel, the results are shown in Table 2, as known from Table 2, the abrasion loss of the valve retainer of present embodiment preparation is less, is particularly suitable for the engine take ethanol as fuel.
Embodiment 5
Present embodiment provides a kind of alloy material, and the prescription of this alloy material sees Table 1.
Preferably, above-mentioned alloy material is applied to prepare valve retainer.Certainly, also be not restricted to the valve retainer of intake and exhaust, also can be applied to the place of other corrosion and serious wear, for example, time gear.
Add alloy particle Cr, Mo, Co (Cr-Mo-Co is hard particles) in the alloy material, can the intermetallic initial wear of establishment, guarantee wear resistance, the thermostability of alloy material, be aided with again self-lubricating property and processing characteristics that MnS (S and Mn combination) can improve alloy material.
Preferably, the base substrate of valve retainer also can adopt freezing handler to carry out deepfreeze and adopts annealing to heat-treat behind the sintering, in order to improve weave construction, improves the over-all properties of seat ring.
Preferably, above-mentioned sintering process is stoking, the base substrate of the valve retainer after the compression moulding is placed on carries out sintering in the continuous fritting furnace, and sintering temperature is 1105 ℃, and sintering time is 15min.
Valve retainer adopts prior art to carry out deepfreeze and thermal treatment behind the sintering, in order to improve weave construction, improves the over-all properties of seat ring.
Preferably, described aftertreatment technology is: valve retainer is processed 48min under overheated steam, wherein, the pressure of water vapour is 1.013MPa, temperature is 555 ℃, the iron generation chemical reaction of water vapour and valve retainer generates evenly, fine and close, ferromegnetism, thickness are arranged is the oxide compound Fe of 3-4 μ m
3O
4, the simultaneous oxidation thing also can infiltrate in the hole of valve retainer, at work can the intermetallic contact wear of establishment, increased wear resisting property and corrosion resisting property.
Preferably, through the valve retainer that above-mentioned technique makes, its Rockwell hardness is 48, and density is 6.9g/cm
3, crushing strength is 500MPa.
Above-mentioned valve retainer is fit into cylinder cap by the method for shrink-fit, and wherein shrink range is 95 μ m, and is cracked to prevent that seat ring is pressed into behind the cylinder cap.
The valve retainer of getting the present embodiment preparation is put into the cylinder of engine, carry out the 500h reliability test take 100% ethanol as fuel, the results are shown in Table 2, as known from Table 2, the abrasion loss of the valve retainer of present embodiment preparation is less, is particularly suitable for the engine take ethanol as fuel.
Be understandable that above embodiment only is the illustrative embodiments that adopts for principle of the present invention is described, yet the present invention is not limited thereto.For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and substance in the present invention, can make various modification and improvement, these modification and improvement also are considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. an alloy material is characterized in that, its composition is by mass percentage:
C 1.1-1.6%；
Cr 6.0-8.0%；
Mo 6.0-8.0%；
Co 10.0-13.0%；
Ni 2.0-4.0%；
Mn 0.9-1.7%；
S 0.7-1.5%；
Other inevitable impurity is below 1.0%,
Surplus is Fe.
2. alloy material as claimed in claim 1 is characterised in that, its composition is by mass percentage:
C 1.2-1.5%；
Cr 6.5-7.6%；
Mo 6.3-7.0%；
Co 11.0-12.6%；
Ni 2.3-3.7%；
Mn 1.0-1.6%；
S 0.9-1.4%；
Other inevitable impurity is below 1.0%,
Surplus is Fe.
3. the preparation method of a valve retainer is characterised in that, may further comprise the steps:
According to the powder of each raw material of proportioning weighing of claim 1 or 2 described alloy materials and mix compacting, obtain the base substrate of valve retainer;
Base substrate stoking with valve retainer;
Base substrate to valve retainer carries out aftertreatment.
4. the preparation method of valve retainer as claimed in claim 3 is characterised in that, in the described stoking step, sintering temperature is 1090-1110 ℃, and sintering time is 14-16min.
5. the preparation method of valve retainer as claimed in claim 4 is characterised in that, described post-processing step comprises: the base substrate of valve retainer is processed 40-60min at overheated steam, and wherein, temperature is 540-560 ℃.
6. the preparation method of valve retainer as claimed in claim 5 is characterised in that, the base substrate of described seat ring in overheated steam is processed, the Fe of Surface Creation
3O
4Thickness be 3-4 μ m.
7. a valve retainer is characterised in that, this valve retainer is by the arbitrary described method preparation of claim 3-6.
8. valve retainer as claimed in claim 7 is characterised in that, the Rockwell hardness of described valve retainer is 35-50, and density is 6.7-7.1g/cm
3, crushing strength is 450-500MPa.
9. the installation method of a valve retainer is characterised in that, the shrink range that is pressed into cylinder cap such as claim 7 or 8 described valve retainers is 64-107 μ m.
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| CN104630659A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-05-20 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Valve seat ring for alternative fuel engine |
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| CN115821163A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2023-03-21 | 马勒国际有限公司 | Layered sintered valve seat insert, method for the production thereof, combination therewith and use thereof |
| US11959404B2 (en) | 2021-09-16 | 2024-04-16 | Mahle International Gmbh | Layer sintered valve seat ring, process for its production, combinations therewith and their use |
| CN115323279A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-11-11 | 安庆帝伯粉末冶金有限公司 | Hard alloy valve seat ring material treated by steam and manufacturing process thereof |
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