CN102994597A - Method for extracting collagen peptide from squid skin through chymotryptic hydrolysis - Google Patents
Method for extracting collagen peptide from squid skin through chymotryptic hydrolysis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for extracting collagen peptide from a squid skin through chymotryptic hydrolysis, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) pretreating raw materials: cleaning a squid skin with water, taking out, cutting into pieces, soaking in dilute alkaline water to remove impure proteins on the squid skin, and then putting the treated squid skin in an HAc water solution to dissolve and remove fat and sol on the squid skin; 2) adding 2-4 times of water to the pretreated defatted squid skin according to the wet weight of the squid skin, regulating the pH value to 7.5-8.5, adding trypsinase which accounts for 4-6% of the weight of the squid skin in the raw material, and performing constant-temperature enzymolysis at 45-55 DEG C for 7-9 hours; and 3) after the enzymolysis is finished, performing enzyme deactivation, filtering, concentrating the supernatant, and drying in vacuum to obtain the squid skin collagen peptide product. The collagen peptide is extracted by using a waste squid skin after squid processing as the raw material and treating through an enzyme method, so that the resources are abundant, the cost is low, the environmental pollution can be reduced, and the aquatic product processing and utilization level can be improved; and the prepared squid skin collagen peptide can be used as a base material which is applicable to the fields of medical foods, cosmetics, health products and the like.
Description
Technical field
Protein material field in the biotechnology of the present invention is specifically related to the method that the trypsin hydrolyzing squid skin extracts collagen peptide.
Background technology
Collagen protein obtains a wide range of applications (Phanat Kitfphattanabawon in fields such as medicine, health care, food and beauty treatments, Soottawat Benjakul.Characterisation of acid-soluble collagen from skin and bone of bigeye snapper (Priacanthus tayenus) [J] .Food Chemistry, 2005,89:363-372.).The collagen protein that utilizes at present mainly is to extract from the reticular tissue of terrestrial animal.The diseases such as mad cow disease, crazy sheep disease, foot and mouth disease, fowl sense sense constantly occur in recent years, the collagen protein in terrestrial animal source has been subject to very big restriction (Phanat Kitfphattanabawon in application facet, Soottawat Benjakul.Characterisation of acid-soluble collagen from skin and bone of bigeye snapper (Priacanthus tayenus) [J] .Food Chemistry, 2005,89:363-372.).Therefore, the development and application of aquatic animal collagen protein has caused extensive attention.The nourishing function of biologically active peptides and pharmacological action are the focuses of studying at present.The collagen active peptide that obtains by the proteolytic enzyme directionally hydrolyzing, has special physiological function, be mainly reflected in immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, antibacterial, active cells and promote aspect (the Nokos K such as skin and collagen protein synthesis, A lexis J A.Chondroitin proteoglycans from squid skin-isolation, characterization and immunological studies[J] .EurJB iochem, 1990,192:33-38.).Squid is Mollusca, Cephalopoda, Calamary section marine animal, and is widely distributed.Along with China's ocean squid angles developing rapidly of industry, squid become the main aquatic products processing raw material of China (celebrate that once Xu Qingling is etc. the functional performance of collagen from squid skin [J]. aquatic product journal .2009,33 (1): 139-144.).Squid year, amount of finish was about 30～400,000 tons, and meeting produces and comprise head, foot, internal organ and epidermis the like waste in the course of processing, and wherein squid skin accounts for the 8%-13% of amount of finish, but major part is made into low value-added fish meal or directly abandons.
This experiment is in view of collagen content in the squid skin abundant (70%-80% that is about its dry weight) and low this present situation of resource utilization, carry out the Study on Preparation of collagen peptide, medical food, makeup and healthcare products provide technical support take the collagen of fish skin bioactive peptide as base-material in order further to develop, and improve the economic benefit of enterprise.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides the method that a kind of trypsin hydrolyzing squid skin extracts collagen peptide, and extraction process is optimized, and has the advantages that extraction process is simple, hydrolysis result is good.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that adopts: a kind of trypsin hydrolyzing squid skin extracts the method for collagen peptide, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) raw materials pretreatment: squid skin washed pull out, chopping is put into diluted alkaline water and is soaked to remove the foreign protein on the squid skin, then the squid skin of handling well is put into the dissolving of the HAc aqueous solution and is removed fat and colloidal sol on the squid skin;
2) the degreasing squid skin that pre-treatment is good is pressed 2～4 water extraordinarily of squid skin weight in wet base, regulates pH value 7.5～8.5, presses 4～6% adding trypsinase of squid skin weight in the raw material, at 45～55 ℃ of lower constant temperature enzymolysis 7～9h;
3) enzymolysis complete after, supernatant concentration is got in the enzyme that goes out, filtration, vacuum-drying gets the collagen from squid skin peptide product.
As preferably, described step 1) diluted alkaline hydromining mass concentration is 0.8～1.2 ‰ NaOH aqueous solution, and squid skin is soak time 20～28h in the NaOH aqueous solution, and at least continuous triplicate.
The mass concentration of the HAc aqueous solution preferably, described step 1) is 0.8～1.2 ‰, and temperature is 40～50 ℃.
Preferred again, described step 2) pH value is 8, tryptic add-on be in the raw material squid skin weight 5%, at 50 ℃ of lower constant temperature enzymolysis 8h.
At last, the enzyme that goes out described step 3) is at 95～105 ℃ of lower 8～12min of processing.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: adopt the Collagen Extraction with Enzyme protein peptide with the waste sleeve-fish skin after the squid processing as raw material, not only aboundresources, cost are low, can also reduce the pollution to environment, improve processing of aquatic products and utilize level; Extraction process is simple simultaneously, hydrolysis result good, collagen from squid skin hydrolase polypeptide Du Keda 26.1%, and removing the hydroxy radical qiao rate is 79.8%, the collagen from squid skin peptide that makes can be used as base-material and is applied to the fields such as medical food, makeup and healthcare products.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that pH is on the impact of degree of hydrolysis and removing hydroxy radical qiao rate;
Fig. 2 is that temperature is on the impact of degree of hydrolysis and removing hydroxy radical qiao rate;
Fig. 3 is that enzyme concentration is on the impact of degree of hydrolysis and removing hydroxy radical qiao rate;
Fig. 4 is that the time is on the impact of degree of hydrolysis and removing hydroxy radical qiao rate.
Embodiment
Embodiment is described in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
1. materials and methods
1.1 raw material
Peru squid skin (Dosidicus eschrichitii Steenstru) is provided by Zhejiang Prov Xingye Group Co.,Ltd, cleans rear in-18 ℃ of cold storage.
1.2 reagent
Indicator: methyl red, tetrabromo-mcresolsulfonphthalein.
Zymin: papoid, Sumizyme MP, available from Asia-Pacific permanent letter biotechnology (Beijing) company limited; Trypsinase is available from Wuxi City snow plum zymin Science and Technology Ltd..
Reagent: hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, citric acid, boric acid, vitriolate of tartar, copper sulfate, formaldehyde, Sodium phosphate dibasic, SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC, phenanthroline, ferrous sulfate, ethanol, hydrogen peroxide, above reagent is analytical pure.
1.3 plant and instrument
DHG-9140A type electric drying oven with forced convection: Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd;
UV-752PC type ultraviolet spectrophotometer: Shanghai Spectrum Apparatus Co., Ltd.;
CF16RX II type high speed freezing centrifuge: HIT;
PHD200B type portable acidity meter: the letter Instr Ltd. in Shanghai.
1.4 method
1.4.1 raw materials pretreatment
Squid skin washed pull out, the 1 ‰ NaOH aqueous solution are put in chopping, soak 24h, and continuous at least three times, to remove the foreign protein on the squid skin.The above-mentioned squid skin of handling well put into the 1 ‰ HAc aqueous solution are housed, under 40-50 ℃, at least continuous three times, to remove fat and the colloidal sol (Cong Rishan on the fish-skin, Chinese Marine University, a kind of technique of producing collagen peptide with fish-skin: China, 200410024145.1[P] .2005-02-23.).
1.4.2 collagen of fish skin peptide preparation
The degreasing squid skin that pre-treatment is good is pressed 3 water extraordinarily of fish-skin weight in wet base, be adjusted to certain temperature, and adjusting pH value, add proteolytic enzyme by 5% of squid skin weight in the raw material, constant temperature enzymolysis 7h is after enzymolysis is complete, 100 ℃ of enzyme 10min that go out, filter, get supernatant concentration, vacuum-drying gets the collagen of fish skin peptide product.
1.4.3 basal component analysis
Determination of moisture: according to GB/T5009.3-2003 (mensuration of moisture [S] in the GB/T5009.3-2003. food);
Ash content test: according to GB/T5009.4-2003 (mensuration of ash content [S] in the GB/T5009.4-2003. food);
Protein content determination: according to GB/T5009.5-2003 (mensuration of GB/T5009.5-2003 Protein in Food [S]);
The determination of fat: according to GB/T5009.6-2003 (Determination of in the GB/T5009.6-2003. food [S]).
1.4.4 degree of hydrolysis is measured
(1) determination of total nitrogen content: adopt micro-Kjeldahl
(2) mensuration of amino nitrogen: the employing formol titration (Zhao Xinhuai, the mensuration [J] of Feng Zhi young tiger protein hydrolystate degree of hydrolysis. Food science, 1994,11:65-67.)
Water intaking is separated protein liquid 5.00mL in small beaker, adds 60mL and removes CO
2In the water, magnetic agitation is also indicated its pH with Accurate pH.Be titrated to pH8.2 with 0.1mol/L standard NaOH first, the formaldehyde solution 20mL that becomes reconciled in the adding, the volume of the 0.05mol/L solution that record consumes when dropping to pH9.2 calculates its nitrogen content.
(3) calculating of degree of hydrolysis: the calculating following formula of degree of hydrolysis carries out.
1.4.5 removing hydroxyl radicals measures
[11]
Get 0.5mL 0.75mmol/L phenanthroline solution, 1mL 0.15mol phosphoric acid buffer (pH7.4) and 0.5mL deionized water, fully mixing adds 0.5mL 0.75mmol/LFeSO
4, behind the mixing, add again the H of 0.5mL 0.12%
2O
2Solution at 37 ℃ of reaction 60min, after the cooling, is measured it at the light absorption value Ai of 536nm; Operate the samely, replace H with the 0.5mL deionized water
2O
2The light absorption value of measuring during solution is A
0Light absorption value when substituting deionized water take the testing sample of 0.5mL is as As; Scavenging action to hydroxyl free radical is calculated as follows:
2. result and discussion
2.1 ultimate constituent
After squid skin thaws, drain and measure its ultimate constituent after removing meat mincing, the results are shown in Table 1
The composition analysis of table 1 raw material
Tab?1.Ingredient?analysis?of?raw?material
As shown in Table 1, contain a large amount of moisture in the squid skin, dry-matter accounts for about 24%, and wherein protein accounts for 79.4% of these dry-matteies.The content that utilizes the oxyproline colorimetry to record collagen protein accounts for 62.56% of gross protein, thus data as can be known in the squid skin content of collagen protein higher, can be used as a kind of collagen protein resource.
2.2 the selection of the kind of enzyme
Select Sumizyme MP, papoid, trypsinase to do for selecting enzyme, according to proteolytic enzyme Substrate concentration separately, reaction 5h, the fish-skin raw material after the enzymolysis degreasing.The collagen of fish skin hydrolase polypeptide degree detected result that different protease hydrolyzeds obtain sees Table 2, the proteolytic enzyme kind that compares the suitableeest extraction collagen of fish skin peptide of selection from hydrolysis ability and the Scavenging action to hydroxyl free radical aspect of enzyme.
The various protease hydrolyzed fish skin collagen peptide of table 2 sample relatively
Tab2.Comparison?with?the?hydrolysates?using?different?enzymes
As can be seen from Table 2, the trypsin hydrolyzing effect is best, and degree of hydrolysis is the highest, and removing the hydroxy radical qiao rate is 67.5%, is only second to Sumizyme MP.Consider degree of hydrolysis and remove hydroxyl from basic rate two aspects, select trypsinase as lytic enzyme.
2.3 experiment of single factor
2.3.1pH impact
With pretreated squid skin, press 5% of fish-skin weight and add trypsinase, at 55 ℃, respectively at enzymolysis 7h under the different condition in pH7.0～9.0, examination pH value is on the impact of degree of hydrolysis and removing hydroxy radical qiao rate.The results are shown in Figure 1
As shown in Figure 1, in the scope of pH7.0～8.0, degree of hydrolysis increases along with the increase of pH.Continuing afterwards to increase the pH degree of hydrolysis descends.In the scope of pH7.0～8.5, Scavenging action to hydroxyl free radical increases along with the increase of pH.But in the scope of pH7.5～8.5, Scavenging action to hydroxyl free radical increases not obvious.And consider the salt content that can increase product when pH is higher, therefore selecting preliminary definite enzymolysis optimal pH is 8.0.
2.3.2 the impact of temperature
With pretreated squid skin, regulating pH is 8.0, presses 5% of fish-skin weight and adds trypsinase, and respectively at 40～60 ℃ of enzymolysis 9h of temperature, examination pH value is on the impact of degree of hydrolysis and removing hydroxy radical qiao rate.The results are shown in Figure 2
As shown in Figure 2, temperature is larger on the impact of squid skin hydrolysis reaction.Degree of hydrolysis is along with temperature raises in the time of 40 ℃～50 ℃, and degree of hydrolysis constantly increases, and degree of hydrolysis begins to descend when temperature is higher than 50 ℃.This is because temperature has double influence to enzymatic reaction speed.The rising temperature can be accelerated enzymatic reaction speed on the one hand, also increases the sex change of enzyme simultaneously.As shown in Figure 2, when temperature was 50 ℃, trypsinase was the highest to the degree of hydrolysis of squid skin.And the clearance rate of hydroxy radical qiao increases along with the increase of temperature, increases comparatively fast in 40～50 ℃ of scopes, and when temperature was 55 ℃, activity reached maximum value, and activity value reduces subsequently.Consider from economy and efficient aspect, determine that tentatively the enzymolysis optimum temperuture is 50 ℃.
2.3.3 the impact of enzyme concentration
With pretreated squid skin, under 50 ℃, the condition of pH 8.0, the 1%-5% that adds respectively fish-skin weight adds trypsinase, enzymolysis 9h, and the examination enzyme concentration the results are shown in Figure 3 to degree of hydrolysis and the impact of removing the hydroxy radical qiao rate.
As shown in Figure 3, after enzyme concentration surpassed 4%, it is slow that the degree of hydrolysis increase becomes.This be because when the relative concentration of enzyme in the higher situation of concentration of substrate, speed of reaction begins by concentration of substrate control, increases slowly so continue to increase the consumption degree of hydrolysis of enzyme.Along with the increase of enzyme concentration, Scavenging action to hydroxyl free radical is along with increase.And consider production cost, the tryptic enzyme concentration of preliminary definite selection is 4%.
2.3.4 the impact of time
With pretreated squid skin, under 50 ℃, the condition of pH 8.0, add 1%～5% of fish-skin weight and add trypsinase, separately enzymolysis 3,5,7,9,11h, the examination enzyme concentration the results are shown in Figure 4 to degree of hydrolysis and the impact of removing the hydroxy radical qiao rate.
As shown in Figure 4, trypsinase is in the 7h of initial reaction stage, and activity is higher, and degree of hydrolysis and removing hydroxy radical qiao rate increase very fast, and behind the 7h, enzyme digestion reaction reaches equilibrium state.Therefore tentatively determine to select 7h.
2.4 orthogonal experiment
On the basis of preliminary definite enzymatic hydrolysis condition, select the factor design orthogonal table L such as enzymolysis time, pH value, enzyme concentration, temperature
9(3
4) orthogonal table, to determine optimised process.Choose factor and horizontally see Table 3, orthogonal experiment and the results are shown in Table 4-6.
Table 3 factor and horizontal
Tab3.Design?of?factors?and?levels?in?experiments
Table 4 orthogonal and experimental result L9 (3
4)
Tab4.The?results?ofthe?experiments
The variance analysis of table 5 degree of hydrolysis
Tab4.Variance?analysis?of?scavenging?rate?of?hydroxyl?radical
Table 6 is removed the variance analysis of hydroxy radical qiao rate
Tab6.Variance?analysis?of?degree?of?hydrolysis
As shown in Table 5, affect in four factors of degree of hydrolysis, hydrolysis temperature D has the greatest impact, and secondly is the impact of enzyme concentration C, and the impact of pH value B is minimum.According to range analysis, in affecting the factors of degree of hydrolysis, the factor of impact effect is D＞C＞A＞B.
As shown in Table 6, impact is removed in four factors of hydroxy radical qiao rate, and pH value B has the greatest impact, and secondly is the impact of enzyme concentration C, and the impact of time is minimum.According to range analysis, to remove in the factors of hydroxy radical qiao rate in impact, the factor of impact effect is B＞C＞D＞A.
The best enzymolysis process that is obtained squid skin by Orthogonal experiment results is A
7B
2C
3D
2Be that hydrolysis temperature is 50 ℃, enzymolysis time 8h, enzyme concentration 5%, pH value 8.0.The collagen from squid skin hydrolase polypeptide degree that enzymolysis obtains under this top condition is 26.1%, and removing the hydroxy radical qiao rate is 79.8%.
3. conclusion
Take squid skin as raw material, adopt the Collagen Extraction with Enzyme protein peptide, be optimized with the extraction process of orthogonal experiment to the collagen from squid skin peptide.The result shows that hydrolysis temperature is 50 ℃, enzymolysis time 8h, enzyme concentration 5%, pH value 8.0.The collagen from squid skin hydrolase polypeptide degree that enzymolysis obtains under this top condition is 26.1%, and removing the hydroxy radical qiao rate is 79.8%.Do not have and to concern between the degree of hydrolysis of enzymolysis solution and the removing hydroxy radical qiao rate.
Claims (5)
1. a trypsin hydrolyzing squid skin extracts the method for collagen peptide, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) raw materials pretreatment: squid skin washed pull out, chopping is put into diluted alkaline water and is soaked to remove the foreign protein on the squid skin, then the squid skin of handling well is put into the dissolving of the HAc aqueous solution and is removed fat and colloidal sol on the squid skin;
2) the degreasing squid skin that pre-treatment is good is pressed 2～4 water extraordinarily of squid skin weight in wet base, regulates pH value 7.5～8.5, presses 4～6% adding trypsinase of squid skin weight in the raw material, at 45～55 ℃ of lower constant temperature enzymolysis 7～9h;
3) enzymolysis complete after, supernatant concentration is got in the enzyme that goes out, filtration, vacuum-drying gets the collagen from squid skin peptide product.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described step 1) diluted alkaline hydromining mass concentration be 0.8～1.2 ‰ NaOH aqueous solution, squid skin is soak time 20～28h in the NaOH aqueous solution, and at least continuous triplicate.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described step 1) the mass concentration of the HAc aqueous solution be 0.8～1.2 ‰, temperature is 40～50 ℃.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described step 2) the pH value be 8, tryptic add-on be in the raw material squid skin weight 5%, at 50 ℃ of lower constant temperature enzymolysis 8h.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described step 3) the enzyme that goes out be at 95～105 ℃ of lower 8～12min of processing.
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| CN105420324A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-03-23 | 武汉梁子湖水产品加工有限公司 | Preparation method of high-molecular-weight silver carp skin collagen peptide |
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| CN105648013A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-06-08 | 浙江宇翔生物科技有限公司 | Technique for preparing squid skin collagen peptide through enzymic method |
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| CN111264730A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-06-12 | 浙江海洋大学 | Squid skin collagen rose extract compound beverage and preparation method thereof |
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