CN102985715B - 机动车辆用的包括电机的动力传动系 - Google Patents

机动车辆用的包括电机的动力传动系 Download PDF

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CN102985715B
CN102985715B CN201180029639.7A CN201180029639A CN102985715B CN 102985715 B CN102985715 B CN 102985715B CN 201180029639 A CN201180029639 A CN 201180029639A CN 102985715 B CN102985715 B CN 102985715B
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power train
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axle
planetary gear
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CN102985715A (zh
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F·罗伊
V·鲁斯
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PSA Automobiles SA
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/10—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0046—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor moving together with the vehicle body, i.e. moving independently from the wheel axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0061—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor axle being parallel to the wheel axle
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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Abstract

本发明涉及机动车辆用的包括电机(2)的动力传动系，它通过传动装置(8)连接至驱动轮，以便形成汽车的传动线路，这个传动装置包括啮合装置，允许打开该传动线路，以便使电机(2)与驱动轮脱离，其特征在于，该传动线路的啮合装置包括电执行器(14)，包括两个稳定位置，掉电时允许把该传动线路维持在打开位置或者闭合位置。

Description

机动车辆用的包括电机的动力传动系
技术领域
本发明涉及机动车辆动力传动系，包括驱动车轮的电机，以及配备这样一种动力传动系的机动车辆。
背景技术
已知包括动力传动系的混合动力汽车类型，它包括一个原先配置并实现汽车主机动装置的热力发动机，和包括电机的动力传动系，它由两个基本上沿着这些车轮轴设置的轴驱动后轮。
该传动线路依次包括电机，通过减速机进行驱动；差速装置，把该运动分散传递到两个车轮轴。该电机一般永久地连接到驱动轮，以保证从储存在电池组中的能量出发牵引汽车，或者用该电机作为发电机对这些电池组进行再充电。
但在某些汽车上，正如尤其是文献FR-A12931399表示的，该动力传动系包括由执行器控制的啮合装置，允许这两个零件分离，以便打开该传动线路。可以这样使电机与驱动轮分开，以避免当它不利用时被驱动空转，并减少内部摩擦力造成的损失和每当要加速时额外的惯性。
已知的执行器类型允许打开传动线路，特别是如文献US-B2-7325664表示的，包括一个电磁铁，它吸引并使一个包括爪形连接器连接齿的套筒轴向滑动，与连接到要驱动的轴的其他齿啮合，以便使传动线路闭合。回动弹簧在相反的方向上压在套筒上，以便当电磁铁掉电时使该套筒与爪形连接器分离，使该传动线路打开。
这种类型执行器有一个问题，它规定要永久保持电流，以保持电磁铁的某些力，允许使回动弹簧维持受压，以便使该传动线路维持闭合。
这时，维持电流持久地消耗电能。另外，要根据该永久性电流确定电气部件，特别是执行器以及其电源功率电子电路的规格，以避免温升，这对汽车的重量及其价格有影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的尤其在于避免先有技术的这些缺点，并提出一种机动车辆用的动力传动系，它包括一个允许打开该传动线路的有效而经济的装置。
为此，提出一种机动车辆用的动力传动系，包括一个通过传动机构连接至驱动轮的电机，以便形成汽车的传动线路，这个传动机构包括一个啮合装置，允许打开该传动线路，以便把该电机与驱动轮脱开，其特征在于，该传动线路的啮合装置包括电执行器，包括不可逆动力学装置，允许在电执行器掉电时把该啮合装置维持在一个稳定的位置上。
按照本发明动力传动系的一个优点是，由于该不可逆动力学装置，在不包含传动线路状态改变的行驶阶段上不需要利用电能来把电执行器维持在一个稳定的位置上，这允许避免无谓的能量消耗。
按照本发明的动力传动系还可以包括下列一个或几个可以相互结合的特征。
该不可逆动力学装置最好包括螺杆-螺母系统。
该螺杆最好由该电动机驱动旋转。
该螺杆最好由电动机轴构成，并与螺母啮合，包括一个阻止旋转的轴向导槽装置，该螺母本身轴向驱动啮合该传动线路的爪形联接器。
动力传动系最好包括弹簧，轴向配备在螺母和爪形联接器之间，允许在爪形联接器的齿靠在要啮合的互补齿上时，使螺杆维持旋转，使螺母相对于爪形联接器移动，压缩该弹簧，以便允许爪形联接器通过弹簧放松而最后啮合。
按照一个实施例，该啮合装置配备在传动线路中，被电机驱动的行星减速齿轮组和向一个轴的两个驱动轮分配运动的差速装置之间。
行星齿轮组的输出件最好由行星齿轮支架(porte-satellites)构成，该行星齿轮支架的轴构成持久地连接到差速装置的自由小齿轮的导杆，而该啮合装置实现行星齿轮支架和自由小齿轮之间的连接。
该爪形联接器可以包括轴向内花键，它们在行星齿轮支架轴的互补花键上滑动。
本发明的目标还在于一种包括带有上述任意一个特征的动力传动系的机动车辆。
具体地说，该机动车辆可以设置一种前桥总成的主动力装置，包括一个热力发动机和电动传动系，驱动后轮，以便允许对该汽车进行混合动力牵引。
附图说明
参照附图阅读以下作为示例给出的和非限制性的描述，将能更好地理解本发明，并使其他特征和优点将显得更加清晰，附图中：
●图1是按照本发明动力传动系的零件分解图；而
●图2是该动力传动系传动装置和执行器的轴向剖面图。
具体实施方式
图1表示混合动力汽车后桥总成用的动力传动系1，包括直接驱动轴向设置在末端的行星齿轮组4的电机2，装在传动机构8的外壳6内。行星齿轮组4本身驱动一个位于平行轴上并与该电机2侧向错开的差速装置，它把运动分散到轴向设置在该差速装置每一侧的轮子10的两个轴进行驱动。
轮子的每个轴10包括外端部上的花键12，它嵌入后轮轴座相应的花键上，以便驱动该轮子。为了简化画面，只画出一个轮子的轴10。
执行器14位于电机2的轴上和传动机构8相对于该电机的另一侧，习惯上在下文中称为后侧，允许保证行星齿轮组4和差速装置之间连接的爪形联接器的啮合或分离。
于是，获得一个基本上配备在后桥总成中间的动力传动系1，包括靠近车轮轴10的电机2，以便限制该动力传动系的外廓尺寸。
电机2由未示出的动力传动系管理计算机控制，它按照司机的命令和行驶状态控制这个机器，以便提供正向或反向电动机力矩，以便优化汽车的能量消耗。
图2表示传动机构8的外壳4，包括由两个滚动轴承32引导的差速装置30。
电机2的转子20在其后端部包括行星齿轮组4的太阳齿轮22。该行星齿轮组4的行星齿轮支架34，支持行星小齿轮24的轴，一侧与太阳齿轮22啮合，而另一侧与固定在传动机构4外壳6上的外齿环36啮合。这样，在电机2的转子20和行星齿轮支架34之间实现第一级运动减速。
行星齿轮支架34的轴转向传动机构后部，支持并引导自由小齿轮26，通过滚针轴承允许这两个零件彼此之间的自由旋转。
执行器14配备一个沿着电机2的轴配置的电动机40，从传动机构8后侧，包括向前转的轴42，构成螺杆，包括切螺纹带有在其大部分长度上实现的小步距。螺杆42的前端插入位于行星齿轮支架34轴后部空心轴中的滚针套筒44，以便形成引导该螺杆的前轴承。
螺母44啮合在螺杆42上，包括线性引导销56，它在传动机构8外壳4中实现的轴向导槽中滑动，以便阻止该螺母旋转，但仍允许它根据电动机40的旋转而轴向自由滑动。
螺母44支持一个由其内环维持的滚珠轴承46，该轴承的外环本身维持在爪形联接器50后凹槽中，组成一个行星齿轮支架34和自由小齿轮26之间的啮合装置。
弹簧48轴向配备在轴承46和爪形联接器50之间，它一侧支持在该爪形联接器的后凹槽底部，另一侧支持在该轴承的外环上，以便施加一个永久性的轴向力，趋向于把该轴承往后推移。可以在爪形联接器50后凹槽中轴向滑动的轴承46，在弹簧48推力下通过一个位于该后凹槽的圆形沟内的锁圈58停止在后部位置上，形成轴承的后撞块。
爪形联接器50从前侧由安排在行星齿轮支架34轴后部的花键引导，以便同时允许该爪形联接器在螺母44和滚珠轴承46位移的作用下轴向滑动，和抓型连接器被行星齿轮支架驱动旋转。
自由小齿轮26包括后侧一个法兰，包括一系列向外径向转动的差速锁54的齿。爪形联接器52在前表面包括轴上中心空心圆柱体，在其圆周上包括一系列向内径向转动的齿，当爪形联接器向前滑动时，它可以调整在自由小齿轮26外齿上。
在静止位置上，该爪形联接器52通过电动机40维持在后部位置上，其内齿略微进入自由小齿轮26的外齿后部。自由小齿轮26与行星齿轮支架34分离，传动线路打开，并允许汽车在没有电机2驱动的情况下行驶。
为了重新闭合传动线路并在汽车和电机2之间建立的连接，动力传动系1管理计算机命令电动机40旋转，它使螺杆42旋转，使螺母44轴向向前移动。轴承46也向前移动，在这个方向上驱动爪形联接器50，后者可以调整其在自由小齿轮26外齿上的内齿，以便把这两个零件啮合在一起。
在爪形联接器50的齿靠在自由小齿轮26的齿面上时，阻止爪形联接器前进和齿的嵌合，电动机40继续旋转而螺母44向前移动，压缩弹簧48。接着，当这两个零件的小旋转，例如，由汽车前进产生，驱动自由小齿轮26旋转时，这些齿彼此旋转，而弹簧48在齿的嵌入中迅速放松，这使传动机构被抓型连接器啮合。
于是实现了一种简单而有效的(用爪形连接器)连接传动机构的装置。另外，螺杆螺母系统设有小步距螺纹，形成不可逆动力学装置，爪形联接器50的运动只能由电动机40控制螺杆42的旋转。
不可逆动力学装置的这个原理允许在爪形连接器连接或分离之后，完全切断电动机40的电源、但仍保证控制的位置稳定，这保证了安全。于是人们获得一种电流消耗低和温升低的电动机40电气控制部件。

Claims (10)

1.用于机动车辆的动力传动系，包括通过传动机构(8)连接至驱动轮的电机(2)，用以形成汽车传动线路，该传动机构包括一种允许打开该传动线路以使电机(2)脱离驱动轮的啮合装置，其特征在于，传动线路的啮合装置包括位于电机(2)的轴上的电执行器(14)，允许构成爪形联接器的装置(50，52，54)啮合或分离，保证电机和汽车驱动轮之间通过运动传动机构(8)的连接，该电执行器(14)包括不可逆动力学装置，允许在电执行器掉电时把该啮合装置维持在一个稳定的位置上。
2.按照权利要求1的动力传动系，其特征在于，该不可逆动力学装置包括一个螺杆-螺母系统(42，44)。
3.按照权利要求2的动力传动系，其特征在于，该螺杆(42)由电动机(40)驱动旋转。
4.按照权利要求3的动力传动系，其特征在于，该螺杆(42)由电动机(40)的轴构成，拧有螺母(44)，包括一个阻止旋转的轴向导槽装置(56)，该螺母本身轴向驱动啮合传动线路的爪形联接器(50)。
5.按照权利要求4的动力传动系，其特征在于，包括弹簧(48)，轴向配备在螺母(44)和爪形联接器(50)之间，允许在爪形联接器(50)的齿靠在要啮合的互补齿上时，维持螺杆(42)旋转，使螺母相对于爪形联接器移动，压缩该弹簧，以便允许通过弹簧放松实现爪形联接器最后的啮合。
6.按照上述权利要求中任何一项的动力传动系，其特征在于，该啮合装置配备在传动线路中，在电机(2)驱动的行星齿轮组(4)和向一个轴的两个驱动轮分配运动的差速装置(30)之间。
7.按照权利要求6的动力传动系，其特征在于，行星齿轮组(4)的输出件由行星齿轮支架(34)构成，该行星齿轮支架的轴构成持久地连接到差速装置(30)的自由小齿轮(26)的导杆，而该啮合装置实现行星齿轮支架和自由小齿轮之间的连接。
8.按照权利要求7的动力传动系，其特征在于，爪形联接器(50)包括轴向内花键，它在行星齿轮支架(34)轴互补花键上滑动。
9.一种包括动力传动系的机动车辆，其特征在于，该动力传动系是按照上述权利要求中任何一项实现的。
10.按照权利要求9的机动车辆，其特征在于，它配备前桥总成的主动力装置，包括热力发动机和电动传动系，后者驱动后轮，以便允许对该汽车进行混合动力牵引。
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