CN102981421A - Control method for direct-current (DC) load and device thereof - Google Patents
Control method for direct-current (DC) load and device thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102981421A CN102981421A CN2012104675609A CN201210467560A CN102981421A CN 102981421 A CN102981421 A CN 102981421A CN 2012104675609 A CN2012104675609 A CN 2012104675609A CN 201210467560 A CN201210467560 A CN 201210467560A CN 102981421 A CN102981421 A CN 102981421A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- load
- resistance value
- threshold current
- value
- current
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a control method for DC load and a device thereof. The device can obtain the required DC load value automatically and accurately through adjustment, be arranged as a battery charger or a charging pile of an electric vehicle substation to replace the load of a storage battery, and perform accurate measurement for technical indexes such as stabilized voltage precision, stabilized current precision and ripple factor output by the battery charger or the charging pile. The device is simple and reliable, can finish various tests rapidly and conveniently, and is provided with bright application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electric automobile charging station charging set, charging pile method of calibration and equipment, particularly a kind of control method of DC load and equipment.
Background technology
Along with the work of national charging electric vehicle Facilities Construction is carried out, charging set, charging pile occurs later on like rain rear spring bamboo, for detecting charging set, the charging pile performance, country, Southern Power Grid Company is all to charging set, the operation control of charging pile proposes to explicitly call for and strict regulation, as the GB/T19826-2005 that formulates " electric power engineering DC power supply Device-General technical conditions and safety requirements ", Q/CSG 11516.5-2010 " the non-Vehicular charger charging inlet of electric automobile standard ", Q/CSG 11516.3-2010 " the non-Vehicular charger technical manual of electric automobile ", among the Q/CSG 12001-2010 " electric automobile charging station and charging pile acceptance specification " to the charging set precision of voltage regulation, precision of steady current, ripple factor, conversion efficiency, power factor, the technical indicators such as electric harmonic, computing method and measuring method are made clear.
In recent years, HF switch change type charging set has obtained general approval, but will realize that charging set satisfies these performance index, only depends on the instruments such as traditional multimeter, oscillograph, electric current split-core type meter to be difficult in real time, effectively test the performance of charging set.Development along with technology, domestic some portable charger characteristic testing devices that also emerge in large numbers, number of patent application is 200810099905, but this testing apparatus is because one of detected object provides a kind of DC load source for the direct supply the present invention in the transformer station for the detection of charging set, charging pile, mode of connection is also different, and structure is also different.
Summary of the invention:
Under such background, the present invention can adjust the resistance value in DC load source more accurate, more easily, thereby accurately carries out the testing of charging set, charging pile.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is specific as follows:
A kind of control method of DC load is characterized in that, the method comprises: 1. obtain the resistance value that DC load should reach; 2. according to the resistance value that should reach, determine the resistance value in kind that drop into; 3. compensate according to the resistance value that should the reach difference with the resistance value of input, thereby realization is to the accurate control of DC load.
The control method of a kind of DC load according to claim 1 is characterized in that, thereby the resistance value that described DC load should reach is opertaing device to be issued DC load and should accurately adjust the resistance value that obtains.
The control method of a kind of DC load according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described resistance value in kind that should drop into is to obtain the resistance value in kind that drop into by adjusting electric current that DC load passes through.
The control method of a kind of DC load according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the electric current that the electric current that described DC load is passed through passes through by the split adjustment, if the electric current that passes through is more than or equal to the first threshold current, then drop into the first threshold current module, if the electric current that passes through more than or equal to the second threshold current, less than the first threshold current, then drops into the second threshold current module.
The control method of a kind of DC load according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described split represents that the second threshold current value equals half of the first threshold current value.
The control method of a kind of DC load according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described compensation represents, at first utilize more high-grade electric parameter standard device to proofread and correct DC load, standard device provides the accurate numerical value of DC load, and the DC load adjustment obtains the approximate value of this accurate numerical value, then utilizes least mean square algorithm to proofread and correct, then the parameter of this least mean square algorithm is fixed, according to these fixing parameters the measurement result carried out software compensation during measurement.
A kind of opertaing device of DC load is characterized in that, described equipment comprises: collecting unit, be used for obtaining the resistance value that DC load should reach from higher level's control module, and gather simultaneously and enter voltage, the current signal of DC load; CPU (central processing unit) according to the resistance value that should reach, is calculated the electric current that DC load is passed through, thus indirect definite resistance value in kind that should drop into; Performance element, determine the electric current that passes through and the resistance value in kind that should drop into according to CPU (central processing unit) after, by controlling the break-make of determining to drop into current module.
A kind of opertaing device of DC load is characterized in that, described CPU (central processing unit) comprises that computing unit according to the resistance value that should reach, calculates the electric current that DC load is passed through, thus indirect definite resistance value in kind that should drop into; Compensating unit calculates according to the voltage and current signal that collects, and determines actual resistance, then carries out software compensation according to least mean square algorithm.
A kind of opertaing device of DC load is characterized in that, described performance element comprises that the break-make module can adopt relay or metal-oxide-semiconductor to control break-make; Resistive module is provided with a plurality of threshold current modules, and each threshold current module comprises a plurality of resistance, by controlling at least one resistance in each threshold current module, obtains the resistance value that reach thereby control a plurality of threshold current modules.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, measuring accuracy is high, directly finishes measurement and the control of various technical parameters by CPU (central processing unit);
2, wiring is simple, and is more safe and reliable, only needs can work as accumulator of electric car to the direct current resistance load and use on the output line of charging set, the charging pile access load instrument.Can be set to the load that electric automobile transformer station charging set, charging pile replace accumulator, the technical indicators such as the band precision of voltage regulation of charging set, charging pile output, precision of steady current, ripple factor are measured accurately
3, automatically control, the load instrument carries out precision adjustment to resistance automatically.This equipment is simple, reliable, can finish quickly and easily every test, has stronger application prospect.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is done further explanation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the DC load control method schematic flow sheet of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the DC load control method schematic flow sheet of another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the DC load opertaing device structural representation of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the DC load performance element structural representation of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described in further details.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of control method of DC load, and as shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 can comprise following content for proofreading and correct the method for DC load:
The resistance value that the DC load that S101 obtains to be needed should reach
In this step, according to charging set, the different maximum charging current of charging pile determines that DC load should reach different current values, be 700V such as the charging set maximum output voltage, this moment, output current was 10A, then the DC load resistance value that should reach is 70 Ω, in addition according to charging set, the charge mode that charging pile is different, the current value that definite DC load should reach are also different, under the voltage stabilizing state, be in the floating charge stage, voltage ratio is higher, and electric current is smaller, the resistance value that then should reach is just larger, and under the current stabilization state, being in constant-current phase, voltage ratio is lower, current ratio is larger, and the resistance value that then should reach is just smaller.
S102 determines the resistance value of input according to the resistance value of DC load
In this step, determine that the resistance value that drops into is to determine by the current value that drops into, current value is set by threshold current, the first threshold current is charging set to be measured, charging pile is maximum by 60% of electric current, the second threshold current value is half of the first threshold current value, the 3rd threshold current value is half of the second threshold current value, have n threshold current value always, the summation of this threshold current is charging set to be measured, maximum 1.2 times of passing through electric current of charging pile, satisfy charging set, the test specification of charging pile, the resistance value that then will reach according to DC load, the magnitude of voltage that collects, the threshold current module that determine to need drops into is determined to drop into till the resistance value that resistance value need to reach near DC load always.
S103 carries out software correction to the resistance of DC load
In this step, generally speaking, still there is certain difference in resistance value after the resistance value that DC load should reach and the adjustment, utilizing least mean square algorithm in this step is that Least mean square algorithm compensates, this step just needs when only having the DC load of correction, utilize more high-grade electric parameter standard device to proofread and correct DC load, standard device provides the accurate numerical value of DC load, the DC load adjustment obtains the approximate value of this accurate numerical value, then utilize least mean square algorithm to proofread and correct, obtain that the parameter to this least mean square algorithm is fixed after the LMS least mean square, only need to carry out software correction to measurement result according to these fixing parameters during measurement and get final product.
S104 controls DC load according to the resistance value that drops into and the resistance value of correction
The resistance value that then will reach according to DC load, the magnitude of voltage that collects, the threshold current module that determine to need drops into is determined to drop into till the resistance value that resistance value need to reach near DC load always.
As shown in Figure 2, the method when Fig. 2 is DC load work can comprise following content:
The resistance value that the DC load that S201 obtains to be needed should reach
In this step, according to charging set, the different maximum charging current of charging pile determines that DC load should reach different current values, be 700V such as the charging set maximum output voltage, this moment, output current was 10A, then the DC load resistance value that should reach is 70 Ω, in addition according to charging set, the charge mode that charging pile is different, the current value that definite DC load should reach are also different, under the voltage stabilizing state, be in the floating charge stage, voltage ratio is higher, and electric current is smaller, the resistance value that then should reach is just larger, and under the current stabilization state, being in constant-current phase, voltage ratio is lower, current ratio is larger, and the resistance value that then should reach is just smaller.
S202 determines the resistance value of input according to the resistance value of DC load
In this step, determine that the resistance value that drops into is to determine by the current value that drops into, current value is set by threshold current, the first threshold current is charging set to be measured, charging pile is maximum by 60% of electric current, the second threshold current value is half of the first threshold current value, the 3rd threshold current value is half of the second threshold current value, have n threshold current value always, the summation of this threshold current is charging set to be measured, maximum 1.2 times of passing through electric current of charging pile, satisfy charging set, the test specification of charging pile, the resistance value that then will reach according to DC load, the magnitude of voltage that collects, the threshold current module that determine to need drops into is determined to drop into till the resistance value that resistance value need to reach near DC load always.
S203 controls DC load according to the resistance value that drops into and the resistance value of correction
The resistance value that then will reach according to DC load, the magnitude of voltage that collects, the threshold current module that determine to need drops into is determined to drop into till the resistance value that resistance value need to reach near DC load always.According to the parameter of the least mean square algorithm that obtains after the timing LMS least mean square, according to these fixing parameters measurement result is carried out software correction and get final product.
By the way in the present embodiment, can be so that more accurate to the control of DC load, thus also provide the load that more tallies with the actual situation for the measurement of charging set, charging pile.
Shown in Figure 2 such as Fig. 1, the control method the when control method in the method major equipment calibration or verification process that Fig. 1 describes, the method that Fig. 2 describes are mainly equipment as test specimen and accumulator.
The present invention also provides a kind of DC load opertaing device in the example, as shown in Figure 3, this equipment mainly comprises:
Collecting unit is used for obtaining the resistance value that DC load should reach from higher level's control module, gathers simultaneously and enters voltage, the current signal of DC load;
CPU (central processing unit) according to the resistance value that should reach, is calculated the electric current that DC load is passed through, thus indirect definite resistance value in kind that should drop into; CPU (central processing unit) comprises that computing unit according to the resistance value that should reach, calculates the electric current that DC load is passed through, thus indirect definite resistance value in kind that should drop into; Compensating unit calculates according to the voltage and current signal that collects, and determines actual resistance, then carries out software compensation according to least mean square algorithm.
Performance element, determine the electric current that passes through and the resistance value in kind that should drop into according to CPU (central processing unit) after, by controlling the break-make of determining to drop into current module; The break-make module that comprises performance element can adopt relay or metal-oxide-semiconductor to control break-make; Resistive module is provided with a plurality of threshold current modules, and each threshold current module comprises a plurality of resistance, by controlling at least one resistance in each threshold current module, obtains the resistance value that reach thereby control a plurality of threshold current modules.
Introduce the principle of work of lower performance element in conjunction with Fig. 4, performance element has n threshold current module, 1 loop circuit representation the first threshold current module, value is charging set to be measured, charging pile is maximum by 60% of electric current, 2 loop circuit representations the second threshold current module, value is half of the first threshold current value, the 3rd threshold current value is half of the second threshold current value, the summation of this threshold current is charging set to be measured, maximum 1.2 times of passing through electric current of charging pile, satisfy charging set, the test specification of charging pile, each threshold current module comprises a plurality of resistance, each threshold current module is by at least one resistance in each threshold current module of control, control method is the K switch 1 in each module, K2, until Kn, K switch 1, K2, until Kn can control by relay or metal-oxide-semiconductor, thereby the break-make of controlling a plurality of threshold current modules obtains the resistance value that reach.
Claims (10)
1. the control method of a DC load is characterized in that, the method comprises: 1. obtain the resistance value that DC load should reach; 2. according to the resistance value that should reach, determine the resistance value in kind that drop into; 3. compensate according to the resistance value that should the reach difference with the resistance value of input, thereby realization is to the accurate control of DC load.
2. the control method of a kind of DC load according to claim 1 is characterized in that, thereby the resistance value that described DC load should reach is opertaing device to be issued DC load and should accurately adjust the resistance value that obtains.
3. the control method of a kind of DC load according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described resistance value in kind that should drop into is to obtain the resistance value in kind that drop into by adjusting electric current that DC load passes through.
4. the control method of a kind of DC load according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the electric current that the electric current that described DC load is passed through passes through by the split adjustment, if the electric current that passes through is more than or equal to the first threshold current, then drop into the first threshold current module, if the electric current that passes through more than or equal to the second threshold current, less than the first threshold current, then drops into the second threshold current module.
5. the control method of a kind of DC load according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described split represents that the second threshold current value equals half of the first threshold current value.
6. the control method of a kind of DC load according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described compensation represents, at first utilize more high-grade electric parameter standard device to proofread and correct DC load, standard device provides the accurate numerical value of DC load, and the DC load adjustment obtains the approximate value of this accurate numerical value, then utilizes least mean square algorithm to proofread and correct, then the parameter of this least mean square algorithm is fixed, according to these fixing parameters the measurement result carried out software compensation during measurement.
7. the opertaing device of a DC load is characterized in that, described equipment comprises: sequentially connected and composed by collecting unit, CPU (central processing unit), performance element; Wherein:
Collecting unit is used for obtaining the resistance value that DC load should reach from higher level's control module, gathers simultaneously and enters voltage, the current signal of DC load;
CPU (central processing unit) according to the resistance value that should reach, is calculated the electric current that DC load is passed through, thus indirect definite resistance value in kind that should drop into;
Performance element, determine the electric current that passes through and the resistance value in kind that should drop into according to CPU (central processing unit) after, by controlling the break-make of determining to drop into current module.
8. the opertaing device of a kind of DC load according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described CPU (central processing unit) comprises that computing unit is according to the resistance value that should reach, calculate the electric current that DC load is passed through, thereby indirect definite resistance value in kind that should drop into, computing unit belongs to hardware module, namely at first utilizes hardware that resistance value is adjusted to and drop near the resistance value; Compensating unit calculates according to the voltage and current signal that collects, and determines actual resistance, then carries out software compensation according to least mean square algorithm, belongs to utilize software compensation to carry out the accurate method of adjusting.
9. the opertaing device of a kind of DC load according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described performance element comprises that the break-make module can adopt relay or metal-oxide-semiconductor to control break-make; Resistive module is provided with a plurality of threshold current modules, and each threshold current module comprises a plurality of resistance, by controlling at least one resistance in each threshold current module, obtains the resistance value that reach thereby control a plurality of threshold current modules.
10. according to claim 7 or the opertaing device of 9 described a kind of DC load, it is characterized in that, described performance element includes n threshold current module, 1 loop circuit representation the first threshold current module, value is maximum by 60% of electric current for charging set to be measured, charging pile, 2 loop circuit representations the second threshold current module, value is half of the first threshold current value, the 3rd threshold current value is half of the second threshold current value, and the summation of this threshold current is maximum 1.2 times of passing through electric current of charging set to be measured, charging pile.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210467560.9A CN102981421B (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2012-11-19 | Control method for direct-current (DC) load and device thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210467560.9A CN102981421B (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2012-11-19 | Control method for direct-current (DC) load and device thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102981421A true CN102981421A (en) | 2013-03-20 |
| CN102981421B CN102981421B (en) | 2014-12-31 |
Family
ID=47855578
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210467560.9A Active CN102981421B (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2012-11-19 | Control method for direct-current (DC) load and device thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102981421B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105182251A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-23 | 国家电网公司 | DC load automatic loading device |
| CN105676025A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-06-15 | 天津大学 | Detection artificial load for movable electric vehicle charger |
| CN107942159A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-04-20 | 国网浙江省电力公司电动汽车服务分公司 | DC charging motor power test loads |
| CN108983671A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2018-12-11 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of constant-current control device for AC influence corrosion experiment |
| CN111474886A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-07-31 | 深圳市施全医疗科技有限公司 | Adaptive matching method and circuit for multiple types of ultrasonic treatment heads |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101102001A (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2008-01-09 | 戴姆勒克莱斯勒公司 | Vehicular battery charging method |
| CN101581769A (en) * | 2008-05-17 | 2009-11-18 | 陈书欣 | Portable charger characteristic testing device |
| CN102043106A (en) * | 2010-10-26 | 2011-05-04 | 深圳市科陆电子科技股份有限公司 | Direct current charging pile field detection system and method |
| CN102156227A (en) * | 2011-03-02 | 2011-08-17 | 深圳市科陆电子科技股份有限公司 | Detecting system and detecting method for non-vehicular charging machine |
| WO2012004168A2 (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2012-01-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and control unit for charging a vehicle battery |
| CN102324778A (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-01-18 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司 | High-efficiency energy-saving charger |
-
2012
- 2012-11-19 CN CN201210467560.9A patent/CN102981421B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101102001A (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2008-01-09 | 戴姆勒克莱斯勒公司 | Vehicular battery charging method |
| CN101581769A (en) * | 2008-05-17 | 2009-11-18 | 陈书欣 | Portable charger characteristic testing device |
| WO2012004168A2 (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2012-01-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and control unit for charging a vehicle battery |
| CN102043106A (en) * | 2010-10-26 | 2011-05-04 | 深圳市科陆电子科技股份有限公司 | Direct current charging pile field detection system and method |
| CN102156227A (en) * | 2011-03-02 | 2011-08-17 | 深圳市科陆电子科技股份有限公司 | Detecting system and detecting method for non-vehicular charging machine |
| CN102324778A (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-01-18 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司 | High-efficiency energy-saving charger |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 丁心志等: "电动汽车非车载充电机技术分析与试验研究", 《电测与仪表》 * |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105182251A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-23 | 国家电网公司 | DC load automatic loading device |
| CN105676025A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-06-15 | 天津大学 | Detection artificial load for movable electric vehicle charger |
| CN107942159A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-04-20 | 国网浙江省电力公司电动汽车服务分公司 | DC charging motor power test loads |
| CN107942159B (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2020-07-03 | 国网浙江省电力公司电动汽车服务分公司 | Power test load of direct current charger |
| CN108983671A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2018-12-11 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of constant-current control device for AC influence corrosion experiment |
| CN108983671B (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2020-11-06 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Constant-current control device for alternating-current interference corrosion experiment |
| CN111474886A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-07-31 | 深圳市施全医疗科技有限公司 | Adaptive matching method and circuit for multiple types of ultrasonic treatment heads |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102981421B (en) | 2014-12-31 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| AU2014244259B2 (en) | Systems and methods for energy harvesting and current and voltage measurements | |
| CN102156265B (en) | Device and method for testing health state of battery | |
| CN202066918U (en) | Charger characteristic testing device | |
| CN101718849B (en) | Automatic calibration system of charge/discharge detection instrument of storage battery | |
| US8787052B2 (en) | Methods and systems for controlling a power conversion device | |
| CN102981421B (en) | Control method for direct-current (DC) load and device thereof | |
| CN105548781A (en) | Bus short-circuit capacity testing method, device and system | |
| CN101251585A (en) | Method and apparatus for checking global error of high voltage energy metering installation | |
| CN106443491A (en) | Storage battery pack with automatic capacity verifying function and used for power substation | |
| CN103149471A (en) | Calibration method and calibration device for battery charger and charging pile | |
| CN102520385A (en) | Automatic error calibration method for single-phase electrical energy meter | |
| WO2019114537A1 (en) | Power grid and grid load simulation testing system apparatus, and anti-islanding testing method thereof | |
| CN113138362A (en) | Calibration method for automatically compensating electric energy metering error of electric energy meter | |
| CN107677905A (en) | A kind of off-board charging machine detecting device of electric automobile | |
| CN109490790A (en) | Using the lithium dynamical battery power characteristic test method and device of compensated pulse method | |
| CN106526313A (en) | DC metering method | |
| CN111812384A (en) | Method for testing voltage and current characteristic slope of wind power plant dynamic reactive power compensation device | |
| CN108107287B (en) | Performance detection device and method based on closed-loop response dynamic reactive power generation device | |
| CN208621679U (en) | A kind of alternating current filter high-voltage capacitance group out-of-balance current tester | |
| CN103353576B (en) | Based on the photovoltaic module energy output method of measurement of volt-ampere characteristic | |
| CN102095981A (en) | Method for realizing differential protection CT (Current Transformer) loop wiring analysis of exciting transformer | |
| CN202778717U (en) | Electrostatic precipitation control device based on true virtual value technology | |
| CN104793167A (en) | Automatic tracking and analyzing method and automatic tracking and analyzing system for metering automation terminal | |
| CN106569168A (en) | Electric vehicle charging device electric energy metering error detection method based on standard battery | |
| Zhang et al. | Application Verification of Power IOT Low-power MCU in Laboratory Environment |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |