CN102977969B - Upgrading method of brown coals - Google Patents
Upgrading method of brown coals Download PDFInfo
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- CN102977969B CN102977969B CN201210492375.5A CN201210492375A CN102977969B CN 102977969 B CN102977969 B CN 102977969B CN 201210492375 A CN201210492375 A CN 201210492375A CN 102977969 B CN102977969 B CN 102977969B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an upgrading method of brown coals. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) primary processing: carrying out grading, screening, compacting and molding and vacuum water sucking on brown coals, and adding curing materials to form brown coal pellets; (2) high-temperature combustion conversion: adding the brown coal pellets into a converting cabin of a high-temperature furnace, wherein the converting cabin consists of a preheating cabin, a lower-temperature cabin, a intermediate-temperature cabin, a high-temperature cabin and a homogenizing cabin which are sequentially connected and is located in a rotary state after the brown coal pellets enter the converting cabin; (3) afterburning and carbonization: adding the brown coals processed in the step (2) into a converting kettle, and further carrying out temperature rising and carbonization on the brown coals in the converting kettle; and (4) molding and curing: adding curing agents to press the brown coals into products. According to the upgrading method of the brown coals, the ideal converting effects of different carbon compounds of the brown coals at different temperatures and reaction times are achieved, the brown coals are completely converted, various beneficial indexes are promoted, and the use values of the brown coals are effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The brown coal that the present invention discloses a kind of method for upgrading of brown coal and adopts described method upgrading to obtain.
Background technology
Global brown coal geologic reserve is about 4,000,000,000,000 T, account for 40% left and right of global coal geological exploration reserves, existing brown coal retained reserve 1,300 hundred million T that verify of China, 13% left and right that accounts for national coal total reserves, reserves are huge, and depth of burial is shallow, minable coal seam is thick, most suitable strip mining transformation, production safety, cost of winning is low.But its calorific value is low, generally, between 2700-3600Kcal/kg, moisture is high, and total water is in 40% left and right, and run-of-mine coal (ROM coal) is soft, and porosity is large, and easily cracked, specific surface area is large, and easy-weathering, oxidation, burning-point are low, and the ignition phase is shorter, outward transport difficulty.
Water in brown coal has three classes, i.e. free water, inherent water and crystal water.When brown coal are heated to more than 100 ℃, most free water can be evaporated.When brown coal continue to be heated to more than 150 ℃ under normal pressure, the inherent water of brown coal starts to be removed, and hydroxy functional group decomposes, and separates out carbon dioxide, the inherent water of brown coal is got rid of simultaneously.Further improve temperature, will cause increasing hydroxy functional group to decompose, thereby cause that the surface properties of brown coal changes.Crystal water is the water coexisting with ash content, at higher temperature, could decompose.
At present, domestic brown coal upgrading, since the area of concentration of brown coal in 2005, the various places, the Inner Mongol of China adopt the way that drying cylinder is dried to carry out simple upgrading to brown coal successively, moisture is dried 15% left and right from 40% left and right, this method has certain effect to the reduction of water content, but fundamentally brown coal is not played the meaning of upgrading and change chemical composition content.Also have the technique of taking high-temp combustion reaction charing, but technical process is a kind of technique of the ancient principle transformation of making charcoal, cannot scale operation and waste resource pollution environment.Indivedual shaft kiln classification static state high-temperatures that adopt are fired, and result is charing inequality, and ashing is serious, reduces the result of carbonaceous.
Therefore, existing brown coal method for upgrading part can solve the conversion of carbonaceous compound, and can not industrializedly produce, and efficiency is low, pollutes greatly, and processing power is restricted.Part technology has solely solved the high problem of water content of brown coal, fails to solve the compound transition problem of brown coal, cannot improve fixed carbon.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part and provide a kind of and can fully transform the carbonaceous of brown coal, the loss of combustion reactions process is less, effectively improves the brown coal method for upgrading of brown coal utilization ratio.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: a kind of brown coal method for upgrading, comprises the following steps:
(1) preliminary working: by brown coal classification, screening, close molded, vacuum dehydration then adds solidify material to form brown coal pelletizing in brown coal according to different degrees of coalification;
(2) high-temp combustion transforms: the conversion storehouse that the brown coal pelletizing in step (1) is added to High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, described conversion storehouse is by the pre-heating cabin connecting successively, low temperature bin, middle temperature storehouse, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin composition, the temperature of described pre-heating cabin is 200 ℃, the temperature of described low temperature bin is 500 ℃, the temperature in described middle temperature storehouse is 900 ℃, the temperature in described high temperature storehouse is 1250 ℃, the temperature of described homogenizing bin is 1150 ℃, described brown coal pelletizing enters the pre-heating cabin in described conversion storehouse successively, low temperature bin, middle temperature storehouse, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin, described brown coal pelletizing enters and transforms behind storehouse, transform storehouse in rotary state, described brown coal pelletizing is after High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus high-temp combustion transforms, from the homogenizing bin that transforms storehouse, discharge, obtain brown coal work in-process,
(3) aftercombustion and charing: the brown coal work in-process that step (2) is obtained join transformation pot, not clean-burning brown coal are further intensification burning conversion in transformation pot, after transforming completely, stop brown coal heating, then by transformation pot sealing, make brown coal under oxygen debt state, reduce charing; Or, step (2) brown coal after treatment are joined in transformation pot, by transformation pot sealing, make brown coal under oxygen debt state, reduce charing;
(4) forming and hardening: the brown coal that step (3) is obtained add solidifying agent and are pressed into product.
Brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, preliminary working in step (1) obtains brown coal the brown coal of different degree of coalification ranks by screening, classification, then through overstocked molded, the mode of vacuum dehydration is carried out preliminary working to brown coal, removes the part moisture impurity in brown coal.Finally in brown coal, add solidify material and form brown coal pelletizing, proof strength while making brown coal enter into High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus burning conversion is transported burning equably in each storehouse of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, prevents that cracking from reducing the generation of coal dust.
The brown coal pelletizing obtaining after preliminary working enters step (2) the high-temp combustion transformation stage, brown coal pelletizing enters the conversion storehouse of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, brown coal enter into and transform storehouse from the opening for feed of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, described conversion storehouse is comprised of the pre-heating cabin connecting successively, low temperature bin, Zhong Wencang, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin, enter pre-heating cabin, low temperature bin, Zhong Wencang, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin that the brown coal pelletizing transforming in storehouse enters described conversion storehouse successively, described brown coal pelletizing transforms storehouse in rotary state after entering and transforming in storehouse.Owing to transforming storehouse, process rotation filling, the brown coal pelletizing of entering wherein will rotate with transforming storehouse, the rotation that transforms storehouse not only contributes to brown coal pelletizing to enter into successively pre-heating cabin, low temperature bin, Zhong Wencang, high temperature storehouse and the homogenizing bin in described conversion storehouse, more importantly, the rotation that transforms storehouse can make brown coal pelletizing more even in the high-temp combustion conversion process that transforms storehouse, improves the conversion quality of brown coal.The temperature of described pre-heating cabin is 200 ℃, the temperature of described low temperature bin is 500 ℃, the temperature in described middle temperature storehouse is 900 ℃, the temperature in described high temperature storehouse is 1250 ℃, and the temperature of described homogenizing bin is 1150 ℃, enters into the brown coal pelletizing that transforms storehouse, by the gas flowing through from high temperature storehouse, in temperature is the pre-heating cabin of 200 ℃, dried, remove 20% moisture in pre-heating cabin, the temperature of brown coal can be heated to more than 150 ℃ simultaneously.It is the low temperature bin of 500 ℃ that brown coal after pre-heating cabin enter temperature subsequently, the brown coal temperature that enters into low temperature bin can rise to 350 to 500 ℃, now brown coal take fire, and part of compounds resolves into inflammable gas and participates in burning, and part of compounds resolves into water vapour discharges.It is the Zhong Wencang of 900 ℃ that brown coal from low temperature bin is discharged enter into temperature, and at middle Wen Cangzhong, brown coal pelletizing starts comprehensive burning, and the carbon in compound, hydrogen, oxygen element decompose comprehensively.It is the high temperature storehouse of 1250 ℃ that the brown coal that therefrom discharge in warm storehouse enter into temperature, in high temperature storehouse, and the carbon comprehensive transformation in the compound of brown coal, part CO participates in the common burning of coal is promoted temperature in short-term.Last brown coal enter into homogenizing bin, slightly declined by the temperature that affects homogenizing bin of blast inlet freezing air than high temperature storehouse, and brown coal keep high temperature homogenizing reaction in for some time in homogenizing bin after burning conversion, finally from homogenizing bin, discharge, and obtain brown coal work in-process.
The brown coal work in-process that step (2) is obtained carry out step (3) aftercombustion and charing processing, the brown coal work in-process that obtain after step (2) is processed join in transformation pot, when described brown coal work in-process have unburn sufficient, in transformation pot, brown coal work in-process are continued to be heated to 1150 ℃, make the brown coal conversion that burns away in transformation pot, until perfect combustion transforms, stop the heating to brown coal pelletizing, then by transformation pot sealing, make brown coal under oxygen debt state, reduce charing.When not having unburn sufficient in step (2) gained brown coal work in-process, without being continued to heating flame, brown coal work in-process transform, the brown coal work in-process that step (2) can be obtained add after transformation pot, directly by transformation pot sealing, make brown coal under oxygen debt state, reduce charing.Finally, the brown coal through step (3) aftercombustion and charing are added to solidifying agent according to purposes and be pressed into difform product.
As the preferred implementation of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, the solidify material in described step (1) is starch and sugared slag charge.Described solidify material adopts starch and sugared slag charge, add starch and sugared slag charge in brown coal after, form brown coal pelletizing, effectively guaranteed intensity when brown coal enter High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus burning conversion, made it in each storehouse of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, transport burning equably, prevented that cracking from reducing the generation of coal dust.
As the preferred implementation of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, the conversion storehouse of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus is along the horizontal plane 6-12 ° that is inclined upwardly in described step (2), and described conversion storehouse is followed successively by homogenizing bin, high temperature storehouse, Zhong Wencang, low temperature bin and pre-heating cabin from the bottom to top.Described conversion storehouse is designed to along the horizontal plane 6-12 ° that is inclined upwardly, described conversion storehouse is followed successively by homogenizing bin, high temperature storehouse, Zhong Wencang, low temperature bin and pre-heating cabin from the bottom to top, first brown coal enter pre-heating cabin above, because whole conversion storehouse is tilted to upper design, make brown coal from pre-heating cabin, to enter into successively low temperature bin, Zhong Wencang, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin by the gravity of self, not only convenient, and rational and efficient use resource.
As the preferred implementation of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, brown coal pelletizing enters and transforms behind storehouse in described step (2), transforms storehouse with the rotational speed of 0.5-15 rev/min.Transform storehouse in the process of rotating, brown coal pelletizing rotates with transforming storehouse in conversion storehouse, and brown coal pelletizing is carried out in the process of constantly rotation at the burning conversion transforming in storehouse, has guaranteed the homogeneity of brown coal pelletizing burning conversion.In addition, when transforming storehouse, be designed to be inclined upwardly 6-12 ° time along horizontal plane, the rotation that transforms storehouse contributes to brown coal pelletizing to enter into successively low temperature bin, Zhong Wencang, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin from pre-heating cabin, and the rotating speed size that transforms storehouse directly affects the residence time of brown coal pelletizing in each storehouse.
As the preferred implementation of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, in described step (2), the Length Ratio of homogenizing bin, high temperature storehouse, Zhong Wencang, low temperature bin and pre-heating cabin is 3:4:5:5:6:8.The length in each storehouse has directly affected the brown coal burning conversion time therein, and when the length ratio in each storehouse is 3:4:5:5:6:8, the burning conversion of brown coal is more complete.
As the preferred implementation of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus in described step (2) also comprises with the pre-heating cabin in described conversion storehouse and being connected, for reclaiming brown coal volatile matter, at the benzene of high-temp combustion process evaporation, decomposition benzene extraction compound out, extracts recovery bin.
As the preferred implementation of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus in described step (2) also comprises with described benzene extraction recovery bin and being connected, for discharging the smoke evacuation chimney of waste gas of brown coal burning conversion process.
As the preferred implementation of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, the transformation pot in described step (3) comprises kettle, be located at the heat-generating pipe of described kettle bottom and be located at the interchanger of described heat-generating pipe top, and the top of described kettle is provided with brown coal import.The brown coal work in-process that step (2) obtains enter into transformation pot from the brown coal import of described transformation pot kettle top, when having part unburn sufficient in the brown coal work in-process that step (2) obtains, the brown coal work in-process that enter into transformation pot continue heating under the effect of kettle bottom heat-generating pipe, make brown coal work in-process be warming up to 1150 ℃, conversion burns away, after complete to burning conversion, stop the half-finished heating of brown coal in transformation pot, then cover brown coal import, by transformation pot sealing, make brown coal work in-process in transformation pot under oxygen debt state, reduce charing.When not having unburn sufficient in the brown coal work in-process that step (2) obtains, do not need, with the heating tube in kettle, brown coal work in-process are continued to heating, brown coal work in-process join in transformation pot, directly by brown coal access cover, by transformation pot sealing, make brown coal work in-process under oxygen debt state, reduce charing.In the oxygen debt reduction carbonization process of described brown coal work in-process in transformation pot, cooling within a certain period of time equably under the acting in conjunction of the interchanger that the brown coal in transformation pot arrange in kettle and kettle, arrive temperature constant state, in this process, due to transformation pot sealing, brown coal are in oxygen debt state, this gradually cooling process completed the oxygen debt reduction charing of brown coal.
In practice, the gas that transforms the homogenizing bin outlet in storehouse by High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus in detecting step (2) judges whether through step (2), process the brown coal work in-process that obtain exists the sufficient part of unburn, when containing the gases such as gas, carbon monoxide, semi-water gas in the gas that homogenizing bin outlet detected, pass through step (2) and process in the brown coal work in-process that obtain and have the sufficient situation of part unburn, the brown coal work in-process that enter into transformation pot need heat-generating pipe to continue intensification burning conversion to it.Otherwise, when not containing these gases in the gas of homogenizing bin outlet, pass through step (2) and process abundant burning conversion of the brown coal work in-process that obtain, enter into the brown coal work in-process of transformation pot just without it being continued to intensification burning conversion with heat-generating pipe again, directly transformation pot sealing is carried out to oxygen debt reduction.
As the preferred implementation of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, the brown coal water content that classification in described step (1), screening obtain is 55%, and volatile matter is greater than 50%, and thermal value is 12-21 kilocalorie.In the method for the invention, the water content of the raw material brown coal of employing is 55%, and volatile matter is greater than 50%, and thermal value is 12-21 kilocalorie, is the brown coal of South-West Yunnan.
As the preferred implementation of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, the water content of the brown coal pelletizing that preliminary working obtains through step (1) is 30%.
Brown coal that adopt method upgrading described above to obtain, the water content of described brown coal is 1-5%, and fixed carbon content is 65-80%, and volatile content is 10-20%, and thermal value is 5000-7000 kilocalorie.The brown coal water content that adopts method upgrading described above to obtain is low, thermal value is large, and the alternative charcoal of products obtained therefrom enters every field, and products obtained therefrom is more of fine quality than hard coal.
The method of the invention is the processing treatment through four steps by brown coal, carbonaceous compounds different brown coal is reached to desirable changing effect in differing temps and reaction times, carbonaceous in lignification compound can be transformed all sidedly, physical properties and the chemical property of brown coal are changed, stable chemical nature, various useful indexs promote, and have effectively improved the utility value of brown coal.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schema of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus used.
Fig. 3 is High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus shown in Fig. 2 along the be inclined upwardly structural representation of certain angle of horizontal plane.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention transformation pot used.
Embodiment
For the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are better described, below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
A kind of brown coal method for upgrading, as shown in Figure 1, comprises the following steps: (1) preliminary working: according to different degrees of coalification, by brown coal classification, screening, close molded, vacuum dehydration then adds solidify material to form brown coal pelletizing in brown coal, (2) high-temp combustion transforms: the conversion storehouse that the brown coal pelletizing in step (1) is added to High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, described conversion storehouse is by the pre-heating cabin connecting successively, low temperature bin, middle temperature storehouse, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin composition, the temperature of described pre-heating cabin is 200 ℃, the temperature of described low temperature bin is 500 ℃, the temperature in described middle temperature storehouse is 900 ℃, the temperature in described high temperature storehouse is 1250 ℃, the temperature of described homogenizing bin is 1150 ℃, described brown coal pelletizing enters the pre-heating cabin in described conversion storehouse successively, low temperature bin, middle temperature storehouse, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin, described brown coal pelletizing enters and transforms behind storehouse, transform storehouse in rotary state, described brown coal pelletizing is after High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus high-temp combustion transforms, from the homogenizing bin that transforms storehouse, discharge, obtain brown coal work in-process, (3) aftercombustion and charing: the brown coal work in-process that step (2) is obtained join transformation pot, not clean-burning brown coal are further intensification burning conversion in transformation pot, after transforming completely, stop brown coal heating, then by transformation pot sealing, make brown coal under oxygen debt state, reduce charing, or, step (2) brown coal after treatment are joined in transformation pot, by transformation pot sealing, make brown coal under oxygen debt state, reduce charing, (4) forming and hardening: the brown coal that step (3) is obtained add solidifying agent and are pressed into product.
Preliminary working in step (1) obtains brown coal the brown coal of different degree of coalification ranks by screening, classification, then, through overstocked molded, the mode of vacuum dehydration is carried out preliminary working to brown coal, removes the part moisture impurity in brown coal.Finally in brown coal, add solidify material and form brown coal pelletizing, proof strength while making brown coal enter into High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus burning conversion is transported burning equably in each storehouse of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, prevents that cracking from reducing the generation of coal dust.Preferably, described solidify material adopts starch and sugared slag charge.In concrete embodiment, the brown coal that raw material brown coal of the present invention are South-West Yunnan, water content is more than 55%, and volatilization is divided into more than 50%, and thermal value is 12-21 kilocalorie, and the water content of the brown coal pelletizing obtaining after step (1) preliminary working is 30%.
The brown coal pelletizing obtaining after preliminary working enters step (2) the high-temp combustion transformation stage, brown coal pelletizing enters the conversion storehouse of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, brown coal enter into and transform storehouse from the opening for feed of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, described conversion storehouse is comprised of the pre-heating cabin connecting successively, low temperature bin, Zhong Wencang, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin, enter pre-heating cabin, low temperature bin, Zhong Wencang, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin that the brown coal pelletizing transforming in storehouse enters described conversion storehouse successively, described brown coal pelletizing transforms storehouse in rotary state after entering and transforming in storehouse.Owing to transforming storehouse, process rotation filling, the brown coal pelletizing of entering wherein will rotate with transforming storehouse, the rotation that transforms storehouse not only contributes to brown coal pelletizing to enter into successively pre-heating cabin, low temperature bin, Zhong Wencang, high temperature storehouse and the homogenizing bin in described conversion storehouse, more importantly, the rotation that transforms storehouse can make brown coal pelletizing more even in the high-temp combustion conversion process that transforms storehouse, improves the conversion quality of brown coal.The temperature of described pre-heating cabin is 200 ℃, the temperature of described low temperature bin is 500 ℃, the temperature in described middle temperature storehouse is 900 ℃, the temperature in described high temperature storehouse is 1250 ℃, and the temperature of described homogenizing bin is 1150 ℃, enters into the brown coal pelletizing that transforms storehouse, by the gas flowing through from high temperature storehouse, in temperature is the pre-heating cabin of 200 ℃, dried, remove 20% moisture in pre-heating cabin, the temperature of brown coal can be heated to more than 150 ℃ simultaneously.It is the low temperature bin of 500 ℃ that brown coal after pre-heating cabin enter temperature subsequently, the brown coal temperature that enters into low temperature bin can rise to 350 to 500 ℃, now brown coal take fire, and part of compounds resolves into inflammable gas and participates in burning, and part of compounds resolves into water vapour discharges.It is the Zhong Wencang of 900 ℃ that brown coal from low temperature bin is discharged enter into temperature, and at middle Wen Cangzhong, brown coal pelletizing starts comprehensive burning, and the carbon in compound, hydrogen, oxygen element decompose comprehensively.It is the high temperature storehouse of 1250 ℃ that the brown coal that therefrom discharge in warm storehouse enter into temperature, in high temperature storehouse, and the carbon comprehensive transformation in the compound of brown coal, part CO participates in the common burning of coal is promoted temperature in short-term.Last brown coal enter into homogenizing bin, slightly declined by the temperature that affects homogenizing bin of blast inlet freezing air than high temperature storehouse, and brown coal keep high temperature homogenizing reaction in for some time in homogenizing bin after burning conversion, finally from homogenizing bin, discharge, and obtain brown coal work in-process.
The brown coal work in-process that step (2) is obtained carry out step (3) aftercombustion and charing processing, the brown coal work in-process that obtain after step (2) is processed join in transformation pot, when described brown coal work in-process have unburn sufficient, in transformation pot, brown coal work in-process are continued to be heated to 1150 ℃, make the brown coal conversion that burns away in transformation pot, until perfect combustion transforms, stop the heating to brown coal pelletizing, then by transformation pot sealing, make brown coal under oxygen debt state, reduce charing.When not having unburn sufficient in step (2) gained brown coal work in-process, without being continued to heating flame, brown coal work in-process transform, the brown coal work in-process that step (2) can be obtained add after transformation pot, directly by transformation pot sealing, make brown coal under oxygen debt state, reduce charing.Finally, the brown coal through step (3) aftercombustion charing are added to solidifying agent according to purposes and be pressed into difform product.
In described step (2), the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus used as shown in Figure 2, described High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus comprises by the pre-heating cabin 22 connecting successively, low temperature bin 24, middle temperature storehouse 25, the conversion storehouse 20 that high temperature storehouse 26 and homogenizing bin 28 form, described pre-heating cabin 22 is connected with opening for feed 10, described homogenizing bin 28 is connected with discharge port 30, brown coal enter into pre-heating cabin 22 by described opening for feed 10, be subject to the gas effect of flowing through from high temperature storehouse 26, brown coal are dried in pre-heating cabin 22, in pre-heating cabin 22, can remove 20% moisture, the temperature of brown coal can be heated to more than 150 ℃ simultaneously.Because whole conversion storehouse 20 is along the horizontal plane 6-12 ° that is inclined upwardly, as shown in Figure 3, transform storehouse 20 and be followed successively by from the bottom to top homogenizing bin 28, high temperature storehouse 26, middle temperature storehouse 25, low temperature bin 24 and pre-heating cabin 22, therefore, enter into the brown coal of pre-heating cabin 22 gradually from the downward landing of pre-heating cabin 22, brown coal successively landing enter low temperature bin 24, middle temperature storehouse 25, high temperature storehouse 26 and homogenizing bin 28, complete above-mentioned high-temp combustion conversion process.
Preferably, the Length Ratio of the homogenizing bin 28 of described High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, high temperature storehouse 26, middle temperature storehouse 25, low temperature bin 24 and pre-heating cabin 22 is 3:4:5:5:6:8.In concrete embodiment, can be 15m by the Design of length of homogenizing bin 28, the Design of length in high temperature storehouse 26 is 20m, and the Design of length in middle temperature storehouse 25 is 25m, and the Design of length of low temperature bin 24 is 25m, and the Design of length of pre-heating cabin 22 is 30m.
Preferably, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, described High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus is also provided with benzene extraction recovery bin 40, and described benzene extraction recovery bin 40 can be by brown coal volatile matter evaporation, decomposition benzene extraction compound out in high-temp combustion process, by effect runics such as dedusting, absorptions, reclaim, increase benefit.The length of described benzene extraction recovery bin 40 can and need design according to the length of homogenizing bin 28, high temperature storehouse 26, middle temperature storehouse 25, low temperature bin 24 and pre-heating cabin 22, in concrete embodiment, when the Design of length of homogenizing bin 28 Design of length that is 15m, high temperature storehouse 26 the Design of length that is 20m, middle temperature storehouse 25 the Design of length that is 25m, low temperature bin 24 the Design of length that is 25m, pre-heating cabin 22 is 30m, the length of benzene extraction recovery bin 40 can be designed to 40m.
Preferably, described High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus is also provided with smoke evacuation chimney 50, and described smoke evacuation chimney 50 can be used for discharging the waste gas in brown coal burning conversion process, can be used for exhausting simultaneously.The height of described smoke evacuation chimney 50 can design as required, and in concrete embodiment, the height of described smoke evacuation chimney 50 can be designed to 50m.
Preferably, brown coal pelletizing enters and transforms behind storehouse 20, and the conversion storehouse 20 of described High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus is with the rotational speed of 0.5-15 rev/min.When rotate in the conversion storehouse 20 of described High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, brown coal enter into the process that storehouse 20 high-temp combustions transform that transforms, and brown coal rotate with transforming storehouse 20, can make the high-temp combustion of brown coal transform uniform and complete more.Simultaneously, the conversion storehouse 20 of rotation is also played conveying effect to brown coal in the conversion transforming in 20 each storehouses, storehouse, the rotating speed size that transforms storehouse 20 directly affects the residence time of brown coal in the pre-heating cabin 22, low temperature bin 24, middle temperature storehouse 25, high temperature storehouse 26 and the homogenizing bin 28 that transform storehouse 20, be that brown coal are at the high-temp combustion transformation time transforming in storehouse 20, can select as required to transform the rotating speed in storehouse 20, preferably, the rotating speed in described conversion storehouse 20 is 0.5-15 rev/min.In practice, the rotation that described High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus can connect promising conversion storehouse 20 provides the rotating mechanism (not shown in FIG.) of power, and described rotating mechanism is equipped with variator (not shown in FIG.), by controlling the size of transmission control rotating speed, convenience and high-efficiency.
Temperature in described High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus is higher, and therefore the material such as available high alumina refractory, mullite builds up in stove.In the stove of described High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, can adopt refractory materials design forming screw thread assembling structure, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, more contribute to the high-temp combustion of brown coal in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus to transform.
Brown coal enter into pre-heating cabin 22 from the opening for feed 10 of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, according to the temperature parameter in each storehouse, and inlet amount and the air flow quantity of adaptive adjustment opening for feed 10 place's brown coal.Brown coal are moved to homogenizing bin 28 directions by pre-heating cabin 22, high-temperature gas is moved to pre-heating cabin 22 directions by homogenizing bin 28, brown coal raw material is the process moving to homogenizing bin 28 from pre-heating cabin 22, one rood, to heating, burning, plays the series function effect of transpiring moisture, combustion decomposition, fixed carbon reduction.The burning conversion time of brown coal in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus is by the rotating speed control of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus.
In described step (3), the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of transformation pot used as shown in Figure 4, described transformation pot comprises kettle 60, is located at the heat-generating pipe 80 of described kettle 60 bottoms and is located at the interchanger 90 of described heat-generating pipe 80 tops, and the top of described kettle 60 is provided with brown coal import 70.The brown coal import 70 of the brown coal work in-process that obtain after burning conversion in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus above transformation pot enters into transformation pot, when described brown coal work in-process have unburn sufficient, heat-generating pipe 80 by kettle 60 bottoms in transformation pot continues to be heated to 1150 ℃ to brown coal work in-process, make the brown coal conversion that burns away in transformation pot, until perfect combustion transforms, stop the heating to brown coal pelletizing, make brown coal work in-process in transformation pot, obtain aftercombustion and transform, guarantee to transform quality; Then by transformation pot sealing, make brown coal under oxygen debt state, reduce charing.When not having unburn sufficient in step (2) gained brown coal work in-process, without being continued to heating flame, brown coal work in-process transform, the brown coal work in-process that step (2) can be obtained add after transformation pot, directly by transformation pot sealing, make brown coal under oxygen debt state, reduce charing.Generally, the brown coal work in-process that enter into transformation pot are directly still owed hydrogen reduction at oxygen debt state, when being only found part brown coal work in-process and not obtaining comprehensive combustion reactions, just in transformation pot, by heat-generating pipe 80, it are continued to intensification and remedy conversion.In the oxygen debt reduction carbonization process of described brown coal work in-process in transformation pot, cooling within a certain period of time equably under the acting in conjunction of the interchanger 90 that the brown coal in transformation pot arrange in kettle 60 and kettle 60, arrive temperature constant state, in this process, due to transformation pot sealing, brown coal are in oxygen debt state, this gradually cooling process completed the oxygen debt reduction charing of brown coal, then enter into next forming and hardening operation.
In concrete embodiment, the gas that transforms the homogenizing bin outlet in storehouse by High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus in detecting step (2) judges whether through step (2), process the brown coal work in-process that obtain exists the sufficient part of unburn, when containing the gases such as gas, carbon monoxide, semi-water gas in the gas that homogenizing bin outlet detected, pass through step (2) and process in the brown coal work in-process that obtain and have the sufficient situation of part unburn, the brown coal work in-process that enter into transformation pot need heat-generating pipe to continue intensification burning conversion to it.Otherwise, when not containing these gases in the gas of homogenizing bin outlet, pass through step (2) and process abundant burning conversion of the brown coal work in-process that obtain, enter into the brown coal work in-process of transformation pot just without it being continued to intensification burning conversion with heat-generating pipe again, directly transformation pot sealing is carried out to oxygen debt reduction.
The forming and hardening of described step (4) be by the brown coal after burning carbonate according to different purposes, add different solidifying agent and be pressed into difform product.Described solidifying agent can adopt starch, Icing Sugar etc.
Embodiment 1
Brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention and existing methodical contrast
Brown coal raw material: adopt the brown coal of South-West Yunnan, its moisture is 55%, volatilization is divided into 50%, and thermal value is 12-21 kilocalorie.Invention group and comparative group all adopt this kind of brown coal raw material.
Invention group adopts brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) by close brown coal molded, vacuum dehydration, then in brown coal, add starch and sugared slag charge to form brown coal pelletizing as solidify material, the water content of gained brown coal pelletizing is 30%;
(2) high-temp combustion transforms: the conversion storehouse that the brown coal pelletizing obtaining in step (1) is added to High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, the structure of described High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus as shown in Figures 2 and 3, described conversion storehouse is by the pre-heating cabin connecting successively, low temperature bin, middle temperature storehouse, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin composition, described conversion storehouse is along the horizontal plane 6-12 ° that is inclined upwardly, the temperature of described pre-heating cabin is 200 ℃, the temperature of described low temperature bin is 500 ℃, the temperature in described middle temperature storehouse is 900 ℃, the temperature in described high temperature storehouse is 1250 ℃, the temperature of described homogenizing bin is 1150 ℃, described brown coal pelletizing enters the pre-heating cabin in described conversion storehouse successively, low temperature bin, middle temperature storehouse, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin, in whole process, transform storehouse with the rotational speed of 0.5-15 rev/min.In the conversion storehouse of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus used, the length of homogenizing bin is 15m, the length in high temperature storehouse is 20m, the length of middle temperature storehouse and low temperature bin is 25m, the length of pre-heating cabin is 30m, and the length of benzene extraction recovery bin is 40m, and the height of smoke evacuation chimney is 50m, the diameter of described homogenizing bin, high temperature storehouse, Zhong Wencang, low temperature bin and pre-heating cabin is identical, is 1.3-4.7m.Brown coal, transforming the discharge port taking-up from High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus after burning conversion in storehouse, obtain brown coal work in-process;
(3) aftercombustion charing: the brown coal work in-process that step (2) is obtained join transformation pot from the brown coal import of transformation pot, the structure of described transformation pot as shown in Figure 4, by heat-generating pipe heating power, the brown coal work in-process continuation intensification that enters into transformation pot is heated to 1150 ℃, make the conversion that burns away of brown coal work in-process, after complete to burning conversion, cut off the power supply of heat-generating pipe, stop the half-finished heating of brown coal in transformation pot, then cover brown coal import, transformation pot is sealed, cooling within a certain period of time equably under the acting in conjunction of the interchanger that the brown coal in transformation pot arrange in kettle and kettle, arrive temperature constant state, in this process, due to transformation pot sealing, brown coal are in oxygen debt state, this gradually cooling process completed the oxygen debt reduction charing of brown coal,
(4) brown coal that reach temperature constant state in transformation pot in step (3) are taken out, then according to different purposes, add different solidifying agent, be pressed into difform product.Finally, detect water content, fixed carbon, volatile content and the thermal value of described product.
Comparative group adopts shaft kiln classification static state high-temperature of the prior art to fire, and in the mode of fixed mode (shaft kiln), carries out combustion reactions, and in the process of combustion reactions, shaft kiln does not rotate.Same water content, fixed carbon, volatile content and the thermal value of measuring comparative group products obtained therefrom, as shown in table 1 with invention group comparing result.
Table 1 water content, fixed carbon, volatile matter, thermal value contrast
| Group | Water content (%) | Fixed carbon (%) | Volatile matter (%) | Thermal value (kilocalorie) |
| Invention group | 1-5% | 65-80 | 10-20 | 5000-7000 |
| Comparative group | 8-15 | 50-60 | 35-40 | 2000-3000 |
As shown in Table 1, adopt brown coal that brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention upgrading obtains compared with the brown coal that adopt the shaft kiln classification static state high-temperature method for cooking of prior art to obtain, water content is significantly lower, and fixed carbon content is significantly higher, volatile matter greatly reduces, and thermal value significantly improves.Therefore, brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention can make the carbonaceous of compound the inside transform all sidedly, and various useful indexs significantly promote, and have effectively improved the utility value of brown coal.
Brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, changed the mode of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus combustion reactions, prior art is all to carry out combustion reactions in the mode of fixed mode (shaft kiln), and stove (rotary kiln) rotating technique that the present invention adopts, and solved brown coal inhomogeneous technical barrier in combustion reactions process.In rotary kiln of the present invention, the disposable oven dry that completes brown coal from opening for feed to discharge port of brown coal energy, makes the water content of brown coal from more than 55% significantly dropping to 1-5%.Brown coal through the low temperature bin of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus with burning, to comprehensive burning in middle temperature storehouse, the decomposition and inversion of carbonaceous compound, the thorough combustion reactions in high temperature storehouse transforms, and has substantially completed brown coal and has entered the chemical reaction process in kiln.The making of whole procedures system more than 45% is converted into fixed carbon in brown coal volatile matter, makes volatile matter reduce fixed carbon and improves, and improved calorific value.And the setting of transformation pot can be to further remedying conversion from High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus brown coal work in-process out, brown coal can continue heating flame and transform in transformation pot, the transforming degree of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus output can be failed to meet the requirements of work in-process and further remedy conversion, thereby steady quality and the output of gained brown coal products have been guaranteed, effectively the carbonaceous of brown coal has been carried out to sufficient conversion, realized the minimum loss of combustion reactions process, guarantee the utilization ratio of brown coal, realized the condition that large-scale industrialization is produced.
Last institute should be noted that; above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention but not limiting the scope of the invention; although the present invention is explained in detail with reference to preferred embodiment; those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that; can modify or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not depart from essence and the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a brown coal method for upgrading, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) preliminary working: by brown coal classification, screening, close molded, vacuum dehydration then adds solidify material to form brown coal pelletizing in brown coal according to different degrees of coalification;
(2) high-temp combustion transforms: the conversion storehouse that the brown coal pelletizing in step (1) is added to High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, described conversion storehouse is by the pre-heating cabin connecting successively, low temperature bin, middle temperature storehouse, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin composition, the temperature of described pre-heating cabin is 200 ℃, the temperature of described low temperature bin is 500 ℃, the temperature in described middle temperature storehouse is 900 ℃, the temperature in described high temperature storehouse is 1250 ℃, the temperature of described homogenizing bin is 1150 ℃, described brown coal pelletizing enters the pre-heating cabin in described conversion storehouse successively, low temperature bin, middle temperature storehouse, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin, after described brown coal pelletizing enters and transforms in storehouse, transform storehouse in rotary state, described brown coal pelletizing is after High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus high-temp combustion transforms, from the homogenizing bin that transforms storehouse, discharge, obtain brown coal work in-process,
(3) aftercombustion and charing: when having not clean-burning brown coal in described brown coal work in-process, the brown coal work in-process that step (2) is obtained join transformation pot, in transformation pot, brown coal work in-process are continued to be heated to 1150 ℃, make the brown coal conversion that burns away in transformation pot, until perfect combustion transforms, stop the heating to brown coal pelletizing, then by transformation pot sealing, make brown coal under oxygen debt state, reduce charing; When in described brown coal work in-process not during clean-burning brown coal, step (2) brown coal after treatment are joined in transformation pot, by transformation pot sealing, make brown coal under oxygen debt state, reduce charing;
(4) forming and hardening: the brown coal that step (3) is obtained add solidifying agent and are pressed into product.
2. brown coal method for upgrading as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the solidify material in described step (1) is starch and sugared slag charge.
3. brown coal method for upgrading as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the conversion storehouse of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus is along the horizontal plane 6-12 ° that is inclined upwardly in described step (2), and described conversion storehouse is followed successively by homogenizing bin, high temperature storehouse, Zhong Wencang, low temperature bin and pre-heating cabin from the bottom to top.
4. the brown coal method for upgrading as described in claim 1 or 3, is characterized in that, brown coal pelletizing enters and transforms behind storehouse in described step (2), transforms storehouse with the rotational speed of 0.5-15 rev/min.
5. brown coal method for upgrading as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the Length Ratio of homogenizing bin, high temperature storehouse, Zhong Wencang, low temperature bin and pre-heating cabin in described step (2) is 3:4:5:5:6.
6. the brown coal method for upgrading as described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 5, it is characterized in that, the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus in described step (2) also comprises with the pre-heating cabin in described conversion storehouse and being connected, for reclaiming brown coal volatile matter, at the benzene of high-temp combustion process evaporation, decomposition benzene extraction compound out, extracts recovery bin.
7. brown coal method for upgrading as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus in described step (2) also comprises with described benzene extraction recovery bin and being connected, for discharging the smoke evacuation chimney of waste gas of brown coal burning conversion process.
8. brown coal method for upgrading as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the transformation pot in described step (3) comprises kettle, be located at the heat-generating pipe of described kettle bottom and be located at the interchanger of described heat-generating pipe top, and the top of described kettle is provided with brown coal import.
9. brown coal method for upgrading as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the water content of the brown coal pelletizing that preliminary working obtains through step (1) is 30%.
10. one kind adopts the brown coal that the upgrading of brown coal method for upgrading obtains as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the water content of the brown coal that the upgrading of described brown coal method for upgrading obtains is 1-5%, and fixed carbon content is 65-80%, volatile content is 10-20%, and thermal value is 5000-7000 kilocalorie.
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| CN1597882A (en) * | 2004-08-24 | 2005-03-23 | 张庆国 | Mfg. method for industrial honeycomb briquette |
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| CA1115055A (en) * | 1979-04-27 | 1981-12-29 | Minoru Tanaka | Wet pelletizing of brown coal and drying |
| CA1285515C (en) * | 1985-11-20 | 1991-07-02 | Gerhard J.A. Kennepohl | Method for passivating particulate coal |
| WO2001054819A1 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2001-08-02 | Pacific Edge Holdings Pty Ltd | Process for upgrading low rank carbonaceous material |
| EP1734097A1 (en) * | 2004-04-09 | 2006-12-20 | Maekawa Seisakujo Co., Ltd. | Continuous carbonizing treatment method by internal heating self-combusting system |
| CA2604058A1 (en) * | 2007-10-05 | 2009-04-05 | Boleslaw Ignasiak | Process for converting blends of high asphaltenic content fractions of bitumen or heavy oil and low rank coals to distillable oils and upgraded solid fuel |
| CN102051246A (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2011-05-11 | 徐斌 | Method for improving quality of brown coal |
| CN102175034A (en) * | 2011-02-11 | 2011-09-07 | 宋文奇 | Raw coal recycling process |
| CN102757833A (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2012-10-31 | 周灿旭 | Large-scale brown coal quality-improving process and apparatus |
| CN102352272A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2012-02-15 | 苏州海陆重工股份有限公司 | Lignite quality-improving device |
| CN202220156U (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2012-05-16 | 苏州海陆重工股份有限公司 | Lignite upgrading device |
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| CN2232444Y (en) * | 1995-10-10 | 1996-08-07 | 季可达 | Upright dry distillation furnace body with low-temp., medium temp. and high-temp. continuous dry distillation for coal |
| CN1597882A (en) * | 2004-08-24 | 2005-03-23 | 张庆国 | Mfg. method for industrial honeycomb briquette |
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