CN102977904B - Oil shale synthesized utilization method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an oil shale synthesized utilization method. A gas heat carrier method and a solid heat carrier dry distillation method are integrated. Semicoke obtained from the burning and dry distillation processes of an oil shale circulating fluidized bed is used for heating thermal cycle gas and producing high-temperature shale ashes. The semicoke is sent to a gas heat carrier dry distillation furnace and a solid heat carrier dry distillation furnace to achieve integrity of two kinds of dry distillation and to make full use of the redundant gas and the shale ashes. A circulating fluidized bed boiler not only heats or produces two different heat carriers, but also makes use of redundant heat to produce high-temperature and high-pressure steam and sends the steam into a cogeneration unit to produce electricity and heat energy. The redundant shale ashes produced and discharged from the circulating fluidized bed boiler are sent to a slag deep treatment unit to serve as construction materials. The redundant gas generated due to the dry distillation serves as gas fuel with high calorific value and is efficiently used through a compressor-turbine unit. The method can achieve maximum production of oil refining, gas generation and power generation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil shale resources comprehensive utilization technique field, is that a kind of integrated comprehensive of the destructive distillation oil refining, gas combustion generating and the ash comprehensive utilization that comprise the different destructive distillation modes of resinous shale utilizes method.
Background technology
Resinous shale is a kind of huge Energy resources.In whole world fossil oil, its reserves are converted into thermal value and are only second to coal and are listed as the 2nd; As being converted to shale oil, reserves are 4,750 hundred million tons, are equivalent to 5.4 times of natural oil workable reserve.China is a country that oil shale resources are enriched very much, and prospective reserves is about 2,000,000,000,000 tons, is equivalent to 80,000,000,000 tons of shale oil, is only second to the U.S., Brazil and Estonia, occupies the 4th, the world.
The main retorting technique on the ground that utilizes carries out destructive distillation oil refining to resinous shale at present, wherein mainly adopts gaseous heat-carrier method and solid heat carrier method.The destructive distillation of oil shale gas body heat support methods mainly taking Estonian Abel Kiviat gas retort system, Brazil Pei Teluosekesi stove gas retort system and China Fushun stove distillation system as Typical Representative.Gaseous heat-carrier method only limits to process block shale, and this will not only exist the deficiencies such as destructive distillation time length, also exist because of the few halfway situation of destructive distillation that causes of the inner received heat of resinous shale simultaneously.In this simultaneously, resinous shale produces chip shale in shattering process unavoidablely, and this part resinous shale is often taked to give up, and this processing mode will cause the profligacy of resource, also have to adopt and deliver to the mode that boiler burns and processed, although utilized the calorific value of resinous shale, do not produce the liquid fuel of high-quality and high social benefit, run counter to the principle of resource cascade utilization, also wasted to a certain extent resource.
For solid heat carrier method destructive distillation, mainly utilize high-temp solid thermal barrier and oil shale particle directly to contact to realize quick conduction heat, heated oil shale carries out destructive distillation thus, therefore requires resinous shale particle diameter less of to obtain enough large contact heat-exchanging area.The warm ash of height or gas-fired process furnace heating porcelain ball that solid thermal carriers generally select shale semicockes roasting kiln to produce, utilize them to transfer heat to resinous shale.With respect to gaseous heat-carrier dry distillation, solid thermal carriers dry distillation has good heat conduction effect, short, oily yield advantages of higher of destructive distillation time, but also has the deficiencies such as the broken power consumption of shale is large, system is single.Above two kinds of different oil shale distillation modes all need to arrange that one or more process furnace are produced or heat hot carrier, and these process furnace often exist that capacity is low, efficiency is low, pollute many deficiencies such as large.If simultaneously ash, as not in addition appropriate processing of solid waste, also will cause comparatively serious environmental pollution.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of prior art, and prior art is carried out to substance innovation, a kind of integrate multiple retorting technique and resinous shale Combustion technology of circulating fluidized are proposed, and the by product such as shale ashes and coal mine gas is made full use of, can optimize and utilize system heat energy, the resinous shale integrated comprehensive that reaches oil refining, aerogenesis, generating maximum production utilizes method.
The object of the invention is to be realized by following technical scheme: a kind of resinous shale integrated comprehensive utilizes method, gaseous heat-carrier method and solid thermal carriers dry distillation are carried out integrated, by utilizing the semicoke obtaining in resinous shale Combustion technology of circulating fluidized burning retort process to carry out heating cycle gas and produce high temperature shale ashes, to deliver to respectively in gaseous heat-carrier gas retort and solid thermal carriers destructive distillation, realize the integrated of two kinds of different retorting techniques, and the unnecessary methane gas producing in system and shale ashes are made full use of and formed a set of perfect resinous shale utilization system.Circular fluid bed, bearing heating or producing in two kinds of different thermal barrier, also utilizes unnecessary heat to produce high temperature and high pressure steam, and sends into and in cogeneration units, produce electric energy and heat energy; System discharge, the unnecessary shale ashes that circular fluid bed is produced will be delivered to Building Materials Factory and be used for producing and lay bricks and the material of construction such as cement; The unnecessary methane gas that destructive distillation produces efficiently utilizes by gas turbine group as high heating value gaseous fuel.
Concrete technology flow process of the present invention, it is characterized in that: resinous shale is discharged to two kinds of resinous shale sending into be broken into≤75mm of crusher 2 and be sieved into different-grain diameter from shale warehouse 1, and 25～75mm macrobead resinous shale and <25mm granule wax shale are sent in resinous shale drying and preheating device 3 and heat 50～120 DEG C, 25～75mm macrobead resinous shale after preheating is sent to gaseous heat-carrier gas retort 4a, and <25mm granule wax shale is sent in solid thermal carriers mixing tank 5, 25～75mm macrobead resinous shale is motion from top to bottom in gaseous heat-carrier gas retort 4a, be that 650～750 DEG C of thermal barrier gas refluxes contact with temperature, in gas retort, temperature maintains 450～550 DEG C, the oil gas producing traps and sends body of heater by the collection umbrella at top, oil gas vent temperature is 100～150 DEG C, the semicoke producing will be sent in circular fluid bed 11 and burn as fuel, temperature of combustion is controlled at 800～900 DEG C, and as required a part of semicoke is sent into the burnt tank 20 of storage after the burnt machine 19 of dry cold is cooled to 50～100 DEG C, granule wax shale is delivered to solid thermal carriers mixing tank 5 with 750～850 DEG C high warm ashes that discharge from circular fluid bed 11, and deliver to solid heat carrier retort 4b by screw feeder 6, in stove, temperature remains on 450～550 DEG C, time is complete destructive distillation in 15～30 minutes, destructive distillation product is sent in tornado dust collector 7 to isolate the mixture of semicoke and shale ashes, and remove the dust in oil gas, isolate containing the solid mixture of semicoke and send in circular fluid bed 11 and burn, the gas-oil mixture of discharging via the gentle soma furnace of the isolated gas-oil mixture of tornado dust collector 7 4a is together sent into oil gas and is washed clearly in device 8, pass through successively purification, condensation, catch oil, depriving hydrogen sulphide processing, the solid residue of washing clearly discharge device 8 from oil gas contains part heavy oil, will send into solid thermal carriers mixing tank 5 and reclaim, the shale oil that separation obtains is sent in shale oil storage tank 9 and is stored, separate as required from the oil gas destructive distillation methane gas that the system of washing obtains clearly, wherein a part of gaseous heat-carrier gas retort 4a that passes into from bottom as cooling gas carries out preliminary cooling process to reclaim heat to the semicoke of destructive distillation generation, a part is as thermal barrier circulating mash gas, after circular fluid bed 11 is heated to 650～750 DEG C, send in gaseous heat-carrier gas retort 4a destructive distillation thermal source is provided, when resinous shale and semicoke calorific value are when too low, enable gas combustion stove 21, and extract part gas, as fuel, thermal barrier circulating mash gas is carried out to second-heating, remaining methane gas is sent in Gas-steam Combined Cycle generating set 14 and is generated electricity, the charred ashes mixture that the semicoke that burning is delivered to by gaseous heat-carrier gas retort 4a in circular fluid bed 11 and solid heat carrier retort 4b deliver to, temperature of combustion is controlled at 800～900 DEG C, after the part of 750～850 DEG C of high warm ashes obtaining of having burnt is cooling, be disposed to the dark processing unit 13 of lime-ash as material of construction by grey pump 12, the warm ash of remaining height is sent in solid thermal carriers mixing tank 5, and send in solid heat carrier retort 4b by screw feeder 6 together with <25mm granule wax shale, heat ash is 2～4:1 with the mass mixing ratio of resinous shale, thermal barrier circulating mash gas passes in circular fluid bed 11, thermal barrier circulating mash gas and thermal source are sent in gaseous heat-carrier gas retort 4a after being heated to 650～750 DEG C according to noncontact heat exchange mode, or enable gas combustion stove 21 thermal barrier circulating mash gas is carried out to second-heating, the high temperature and high pressure steam that utilizes circular fluid bed 11 to produce is sent into cogeneration turbine driven set 15 and is generated electricity and heat supply, the high-temperature flue gas that circular fluid bed 11 and gas heating furnace 21 produce is sent in resinous shale drying and preheating device 3 thermal source is provided, resinous shale is heated to 50～120 DEG C, carry out dust removal process by electrostatic precipitator 16 subsequently, be sent to chimney 18 via induced draft fan 17 and discharge.
Resinous shale integrated comprehensive of the present invention utilizes method by multiple modes of utilizing such as the dark utilizations of oil shale retorting oil refining, coal-char combustion, fuel gas generation, steam-electric power heat supply and lime-ash, and product shale oil is expanded to multiple products such as shale oil, electric energy, heat energy and building materials by single shale oil.By comprehensive utilization, not only take full advantage of oil shale resources, also optimized the mode of utilizing of system heat energy simultaneously, " the eating dry squeezing only " of realizing resource with this also reduced the discharge of solid waste to reduce the pollution to environment simultaneously.
A kind of resinous shale integrated comprehensive of the present invention utilizes the advantage applies of method to exist:
(1) by carrying out integrated to two groups of different destructive distillation modes, can utilize fully the resinous shale of the particle that varies in size to improve the utilization ratio of resource, also improved overall oily yield simultaneously, and make full use of in system discharge heat to reduce heat-energy losses;
(2) relatively single distillation system, can share many groups equipment by the system integration, and the transportation equipment of for example digging up mine, resinous shale crusher, circular fluid bed, oil gas are washed clearly device etc., to reduce entire system facility investment;
(3) circular fluid bed, in completing thermal barrier production task, can also be produced high temperature and high pressure steam and produce electric energy, to ensure the normal power demands of producing of technique;
(4) reasonably combined and utilize oil shale distillation and combustion technology, lime-ash and destructive distillation byproduct deeply to utilize technology, realize the cascade utilization of mineral wealth, improve system utilization efficiency of heat energy and ensured coal-char combustion stability;
(5) shale ashes that burning produces are sent to Building Materials Factory in order to the material of construction such as produce cement, lay bricks, and the pollution problem that has effectively solved solid waste also will bring considerable economic benefit simultaneously;
(6) integrated by multiple technology such as the dark utilizations of oil shale retorting oil refining, coal-char combustion, fuel gas generation, steam-electric power heat supply and lime-ash, it is shale oil, electric energy, heat energy, building materials etc. that system product is expanded by single shale oil, has realized the diversification of product.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow sheet that a kind of resinous shale integrated comprehensive utilizes method.
In figure: 1 shale warehouse, 2 resinous shale crushers, 3 resinous shale drying and preheating devices, 4a gaseous heat-carrier gas retort, 4b solid heat carrier retort, 5 solid thermal carriers mixing tanks, 6 screw feeders, 7 tornado dust collector, 8 oil gas are washed clearly device, 9 shale oil storage tank, 10 gas compressors, 11 circular fluid beds, 12 grey pumps, the dark processing unit of 13 lime-ash, 14 Gas-steam Combined Cycle generating set, 15 cogeneration turbine driven set, 16 electrostatic precipitator, 17 induced draft fans, 18 chimneys, the burnt machine of 19 dry cold, the burnt tank of 20 storage, 21 gas combustion stoves, 22 combustion air pipelines.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described to utilize drawings and Examples below.
A kind of resinous shale integrated comprehensive of the present invention utilizes method: be that resinous shale is discharged and sent into be broken into≤75mm of crusher 2 from shale warehouse 1, and being sieved into two kinds of resinous shale of different-grain diameter, 25～75mm macrobead resinous shale and <25mm granule wax shale are all sent in resinous shale drying and preheating 3 and are heated to 50～120 DEG C.25～75mm macrobead resinous shale after preheating is sent to gaseous heat-carrier gas retort 4a, and <25mm granule wax shale is sent in solid thermal carriers mixing tank 5, macrobead resinous shale is motion from top to bottom in gaseous heat-carrier gas retort 4a, contact with 650～750 DEG C of thermal barrier gas refluxes, in gas retort, temperature maintains 450～550 DEG C, the oil gas producing traps and sends body of heater by the collection umbrella at top, oil gas vent temperature is 100～150 DEG C, the semicoke producing will be sent in circular fluid bed 11 and burn as fuel, temperature of combustion is controlled at 800～900 DEG C, and also can a part of semicoke be sent into the burnt tank of storage to be used as him after the burnt machine 19 of dry cold is cooled to 50～100 DEG C according to system requirements, granule wax shale is delivered to solid thermal carriers mixing tank 5 with 750～850 DEG C of hot ashes of high temperature that discharge from circular fluid bed 11, and deliver in solid heat carrier retort 4b by screw feeder 6, in stove, temperature remains on 450～550 DEG C, this gas retort is rotary type gas retort, in rotation process, promote heat ash fully to contact with resinous shale, the residence time be 15～30 minutes with ensure destructive distillation complete, all kinds of destructive distillation products are sent in tornado dust collector 7 to isolate the mixture of semicoke and shale ashes, and tentatively remove the dust in oil gas is washed clearly device 8 job requirement to meet oil gas, isolate containing the solid mixture of semicoke and also send in circular fluid bed 11 and burn.The gas-oil mixture of discharging via the gentle soma furnace of the isolated gas-oil mixture of tornado dust collector 7 4a is together sent into oil gas and is washed clearly in device 8, pass through successively purification, condensation, catch the processing such as oil, depriving hydrogen sulphide, to obtain the destructive distillation methane gas and the shale oil that meet the demands.The solid residue of washing clearly discharge device 8 from oil gas contains part heavy oil, will send into solid thermal carriers mixing tank 5 and reclaim, the shale oil that separation obtains is sent in shale oil storage tank 9, reorganizes and outfit for sale, need to separate according to system from the oil gas destructive distillation methane gas that the system of washing obtains clearly, wherein a part of gaseous heat-carrier gas retort 4a that passes into from bottom as cooling gas carries out preliminary cooling process to reclaim heat to the semicoke of destructive distillation generation, a part is as thermal barrier circulating mash gas, after being heated to 650～750 DEG C, circular fluid bed 11 sends in gaseous heat-carrier gas retort 4a as destructive distillation thermal source, when resinous shale and semicoke calorific value are when too low, also can enable gas combustion stove, and extract part gas, as fuel, thermal barrier circulating mash gas is carried out to second-heating to meet system requirements, remaining methane gas is sent in Gas-steam Combined Cycle generating set 14 and is generated electricity, the charred ashes mixture that the semicoke that burning is delivered to by gaseous heat-carrier gas retort 4a in circular fluid bed 11 and solid heat carrier retort 4b deliver to, temperature of combustion is controlled at 800～900 DEG C, after 750～850 DEG C of heat ash parts of the high temperature that obtains of having burnt are cooling, be disposed to the dark processing unit 13 of lime-ash to ensure the material balance of distillation system by grey pump 12, and deliver to Building Materials Factory and be used for producing and lay bricks and the material of construction such as cement, the warm ash of remaining height is sent in solid thermal carriers mixing tank 5, and sends in solid heat carrier retort 4b by screw feeder 6 together with granule wax shale, and heat ash is 2～4:1 with the mass mixing ratio of resinous shale.
Thermal barrier circulating mash gas passes in circular fluid bed 11, thermal barrier circulating mash gas and thermal source are heated to after 650～750 DEG C according to noncontact heat exchange mode, and directly send into provide destructive distillation heat from gaseous heat-carrier gas retort 4a middle part, if resinous shale and semicoke calorific value are too low, cannot meet the heat request that adds of thermal barrier circulating mash gas, can enable gas combustion stove 21 simultaneously thermal barrier circulating mash gas is carried out to second-heating to meet system requirements, combustion air pipeline 22 can be gas combustion stove 21 and sends into combustion air; The high temperature and high pressure steam that utilizes circular fluid bed 11 to produce is sent into cogeneration turbine driven set 15 to generate electricity and to supply thermal flow process; The high-temperature flue gas that circular fluid bed 11 and gas heating furnace 21 produce is sent in resinous shale drying and preheating device 3 thermal source is provided, resinous shale is heated to 50～120 DEG C, carry out dust removal process by electrostatic precipitator 16 subsequently, be sent to chimney 18 via induced draft fan 17 and discharge.The finished product of this resinous shale utilization system comprise shale oil, electric energy, heat energy and building materials etc., not only take full advantage of oil shale resources, have optimized system heat energy utilization, have also improved the economic return of system simultaneously, reduce the discharge of each pollutant.
It is only specific embodiment that a kind of resinous shale integrated comprehensive of the present invention utilizes method, and non exhaustive, and those skilled in the art should belong to without copying and improving of creative work the scope that the claims in the present invention are protected.
Claims (1)
1. a resinous shale integrated comprehensive utilizes method, it is characterized in that: resinous shale is discharged to two kinds of resinous shale sending into be broken into≤75mm of crusher (2) and be sieved into different-grain diameter from shale warehouse (1), 25～75mm macrobead resinous shale and <25mm granule wax shale are sent in resinous shale drying and preheating device (3) and heat 50～120 DEG C, 25～75mm macrobead resinous shale after preheating is sent to gaseous heat-carrier gas retort (4a), and <25mm granule wax shale is sent in solid thermal carriers mixing tank (5), 25～75mm macrobead resinous shale is motion from top to bottom in gaseous heat-carrier gas retort (4a), be that 650～750 DEG C of thermal barrier gas refluxes contact with temperature, in gas retort, temperature maintains 450～550 DEG C, the oil gas producing traps and sends body of heater by the collection umbrella at top, oil gas vent temperature is 100～150 DEG C, the semicoke producing will be sent in circular fluid bed (11) and burn as fuel, temperature of combustion is controlled at 800～900 DEG C, and a part of semicoke is sent into after the burnt machine of dry cold (19) is cooled to 50～100 DEG C to the burnt tank of storage (20) as required, granule wax shale is delivered to solid thermal carriers mixing tank (5) with 750～850 DEG C high warm ashes that discharge from circular fluid bed (11), and deliver in solid heat carrier retort (4b) by screw feeder (6), in stove, temperature remains on 450～550 DEG C, time is complete destructive distillation in 15～30 minutes, destructive distillation product is sent in tornado dust collector (7) to isolate the mixture of semicoke and shale ashes, and remove the dust in oil gas, isolate containing the solid mixture of semicoke and send in circular fluid bed (11) and burn, the gas-oil mixture of discharging via the isolated gas-oil mixture of tornado dust collector (7) and gaseous heat-carrier gas retort (4a) is together sent into oil gas and is washed clearly in device (8), pass through successively purification, condensation, catch oil, depriving hydrogen sulphide processing, the solid residue of washing clearly discharge device (8) from oil gas contains part heavy oil, will send into solid thermal carriers mixing tank (5) and reclaim, the shale oil that separation obtains is sent in shale oil storage tank (9) and is stored, separate as required from the oil gas destructive distillation methane gas that the system of washing obtains clearly, wherein a part of gaseous heat-carrier gas retort (4a) that passes into from bottom as cooling gas carries out preliminary cooling process to reclaim heat to the semicoke of destructive distillation generation, a part is as thermal barrier circulating mash gas, after being heated to 650～750 DEG C, circular fluid bed (11) sends in gaseous heat-carrier gas retort (4a) as destructive distillation thermal source, when resinous shale and semicoke calorific value are when too low, enable gas combustion stove (21), and extract part gas, as fuel, thermal barrier circulating mash gas is carried out to second-heating, remaining methane gas is sent in Gas-steam Combined Cycle generating set (14) and is generated electricity, the charred ashes mixture that the semicoke that burning is delivered to by gaseous heat-carrier gas retort (4a) in circular fluid bed (11) and solid heat carrier retort (4b) are delivered to, temperature of combustion is controlled at 800～900 DEG C, after the part of 750～850 DEG C of high warm ashes obtaining of having burnt is cooling, be disposed to the dark processing unit of lime-ash (13) as material of construction by grey pump (12), the warm ash of remaining height is sent in solid thermal carriers mixing tank (5), and send in solid heat carrier retort (4b) by screw feeder (6) together with <25mm granule wax shale, heat ash is 2～4:1 with the mass mixing ratio of resinous shale, thermal barrier circulating mash gas passes in circular fluid bed (11), thermal barrier circulating mash gas and thermal source are sent in gaseous heat-carrier gas retort (4a) after being heated to 650～750 DEG C according to noncontact heat exchange mode, or enable gas combustion stove (21) thermal barrier circulating mash gas is carried out to second-heating, the high temperature and high pressure steam that utilizes circular fluid bed (11) to produce is sent into cogeneration turbine driven set (15) and is generated electricity and heat supply, the high-temperature flue gas that circular fluid bed (11) and gas combustion stove (21) produce is sent in resinous shale drying and preheating device (3) thermal source is provided, resinous shale is heated to 50～120 DEG C, carry out dust removal process by electrostatic precipitator (16) subsequently, be sent to chimney (18) discharge via induced draft fan (17).
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104152166B (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2016-05-04 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of oil shale oil-refining integrated association hydrogen production from coal gasification utilization system and technique |
| CN104745216A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-07-01 | 华南理工大学 | System and process for comprehensive utilization for oil shale coupling gas heat carrier with solid heat carrier |
| CN105255508A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-01-20 | 上海交通大学 | Poly-generation utilization system of oil shale with highly-volatile coal and process of system |
| CN105295983B (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2017-06-16 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of oil shale utilizes system and its technique with the Poly-generation of organic solid castoff |
| CN105295982B (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2017-06-16 | 上海交通大学 | The Poly-generation utilization system and its technique of a kind of oil shale attendants |
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