CN102976684B - Load-bearing thermal-insulating and anti-crack type cotton straw cement-based building block and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Load-bearing thermal-insulating and anti-crack type cotton straw cement-based building block and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102976684B
CN102976684B CN201210531139.XA CN201210531139A CN102976684B CN 102976684 B CN102976684 B CN 102976684B CN 201210531139 A CN201210531139 A CN 201210531139A CN 102976684 B CN102976684 B CN 102976684B
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China
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cotton stalk
parts
building block
cement
mixture
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CN102976684A (en
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陈国新
唐新军
陈英杰
刘健
慈军
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Xinjiang Agricultural University
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Xinjiang Agricultural University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of a novel wall body material, and provides a load-bearing thermal-insulating and anti-crack type cotton straw cement-based building block and a preparation method thereof. The load-bearing thermal-insulating and anti-crack type cotton straw cement-based building block is prepared by the following step of: crashing cotton straws into crushed aggregates of the cotton straws with the length of 10-50mm and the like. With the adoption of the preparation method provided by the invention, the load-bearing thermal-insulating and anti-crack type cotton straw cement-based building block is prepared by using the cotton straws. Therefore, on one hand, waste materials of the cotton straws can be sufficiently used, so that the environment is protected, the land is saved and the cost is reduced; and on the other hand, the load-bearing thermal-insulating and anti-crack type cotton straw cement-based building block containing plant fibers has the advantages of good anti-crack property, high strength, light weight, good durability, good thermal performance and good sound insulation property. The load-bearing thermal-insulating and anti-crack type cotton straw cement-based building block is applied to a load-bearing wall of a low-rise rural building, so that no secondary thermal insulation is required; the cost can be reduced; and the energy conversation and the thermal insulation can be realized. The load-bearing thermal-insulating and anti-crack type cotton straw cement-based building block can be used as a green and environment-friendly wall body material.

Description

Load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based building block and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to novel wall material technical field, is a kind of load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based building block and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The destruction of Concrete Material is mainly because the development that load and environmental influence produce hidden microfracture and microfracture causes.Concrete eakiness makes the infiltration of water and other soluble material accelerate the process of destroying.Improve concrete quality, stop the development and change in crack particularly to merit attention.From the force-mechanism of Study on Steel fiber reinforced concrete in 1963, it is found that fiber has strengthened the substantial connection between gelling material greatly, thereby tensile strength and the crack resistance of Concrete Material are improved, the research mushroom development of fiber reinforced concrete is got up, steel fiber, glass fibre, the concrete technology of the enhancings such as polypropylene fibre has been applied to obtain comparative maturity, but the corrosion of reinforcing bar is the major cause that affects concrete structure durability, easily there is corrosion problem at crack place in steel fiber, particularly in contaminated place, become a thorny old problem, and the price of these fibers is also relatively costly, increase concrete cost.In recent years in developing countries and regions, utilize the vegetable fibre of relative low price to strengthen concrete interest and grow with each passing day.The advantages such as vegetable fibre is the natural macromolecular material that nature enriches the most, and it is large that the fibre shape of vegetable fibre has length-to-diameter ratio, and specific tenacity is high, and specific surface area is large.Research and development Plant Fiber Cement-based Composite Materials With Steel Slag not only can reduce concrete cost, and is conducive to environmental protection and Sustainable development, has profound significance.
Xinjiang produces main base as Cotton in China, produces every year a large amount of cotton stalks.2010,2,500 ten thousand mu of cotton in Xinjiang cultivated areas, cotton stalk output is more than 1,000 ten thousand tons.Rationally and effectively these cotton stalks are developed into renewable energy source, to Development in Xinjiang rural economy, promote local economic development, accelerate Xinjiang building Socialist New and will play positive pushing effect.At present, Xinjiang is processed the method for cotton stalk and is mainly contained 2 kinds: the one, and direct burning, the low and contaminate environment of thermo-efficiency.The 2nd, make bar machine with cotton and smash rear emergency burial, because cotton stalk is closely knit and cotton growing area is dry, be difficult to corrosion, cotton stalk more slightly can not become fertilizer in time, repeatedly buries the burden that has increased soil, and the fertility of soil is declined.How effectively to develop the cotton stalk resource in Xinjiang, promote Rural Area of Xinjiang Autonomous Region Economic development, become current major issue urgently to be resolved hurrily.
The materials for wall major function of existing block masonry structure has been load-bearing effect, and walling thermal property is poor, and thermal conductivity is high, if reach country's energy-conservation requirement of present stage, body of wall also needs to do outer insulation, has so not only increased overall cost, but also has extended construction period.
The heat insulating building blocks such as existing air-entrained concrete building block, cinder concrete piece, haydite concrete piece, thermal property is good, but intensity is all lower, can only do retaining wall materials'use, and this class building block quality is more crisp, easily broken destruction, and resistance to cleavage is poor.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based building block and preparation method thereof, overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, it is high and cause the building block of steel fiber feinforced cement base to affect the problem of concrete structure durability because reinforcing bar is perishable that it can effectively solve the cement based building block costs such as existing steel fiber, glass fibre, polypropylene fibre; Thereby can effectively solve, bearing wall material thermal property is poor also to be needed to do secondary insulation and affects the problem of overall cost; Can effectively solve that existing heat insulating building block resistance to cleavage is poor, intensity is low can only do the problem that building enclosure materials for wall uses.
One of technical scheme of the present invention realizes by following measures: the building block of a kind of load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based, obtain in the steps below: the first step: first cotton stalk is broken into the cotton stalk particle that length is 10mm to 50mm, be 1% to 2% NaOH solution soaking 24 hours to 36 hours by cotton stalk particle by mass concentration, then the cotton stalk particle clear water soaking is rinsed and washes away alkali lye, after having rinsed, cotton stalk particle draining is dried as cotton stalk siccative for subsequent use; Second step: meter by weight, takes respectively 240 parts to 320 parts, 80 parts to 120 parts of cotton stalk siccatives, 400 parts to 500 parts of cement, 1000 parts to 1500 parts, sand, 2 parts to 3.5 parts of aluminium powders, 4 parts to 6 parts of water reducers and water; The 3rd step: load weighted aluminium powder, cement are mixed with sand, and dry mixing evenly becomes cement sand mixture, more load weighted cotton stalk siccative is poured in cement sand mixture and stirred, just finished product mixture after stirring, obtained; The 4th step: load weighted water reducer is poured in load weighted water and is stirred into the water reducer aqueous solution, the water reducer aqueous solution is poured in first finished product mixture and is uniformly mixed and obtains mixture; The 5th step: mixture is entered to mould and vibrates, vibrate after having operated and obtain pattern, at pattern surface coating, leave standstill after 24 hours form removal the building block of load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based.
Two of technical scheme of the present invention realizes by following measures: the preparation method of a kind of load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based building block carries out in the steps below: the first step: first cotton stalk is broken into the cotton stalk particle that length is 10mm to 50mm, be 1% to 2% NaOH solution soaking 24 hours to 36 hours by cotton stalk particle by mass concentration, then the cotton stalk particle clear water soaking is rinsed and washes away alkali lye, after having rinsed, cotton stalk particle draining is dried as cotton stalk siccative for subsequent use; Second step: meter by weight, takes respectively 240 parts to 320 parts, 80 parts to 120 parts of cotton stalk siccatives, 400 parts to 500 parts of cement, 1000 parts to 1500 parts, sand, 2 parts to 3.5 parts of aluminium powders, 4 parts to 6 parts of water reducers and water; The 3rd step: load weighted aluminium powder, cement are mixed with sand, and dry mixing evenly becomes cement sand mixture, more load weighted cotton stalk siccative is poured in cement sand mixture and stirred, just finished product mixture after stirring, obtained; The 4th step: load weighted water reducer is poured in load weighted water and is stirred into the water reducer aqueous solution, the water reducer aqueous solution is poured in first finished product mixture and is uniformly mixed and obtains mixture; The 5th step: mixture is entered to mould and vibrates, vibrate after having operated and obtain pattern, at pattern surface coating, leave standstill after 24 hours form removal the building block of load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based.
The further optimization and/or improvements to foregoing invention technical scheme below:
The water content of above-mentioned cotton stalk siccative can be less than 0.3%, and the water content of sand is less than 0.5%, and the silt content of sand is less than 1.0%.
In the above-mentioned the first step, cotton stalk can be broken into the cotton stalk particle that length is 10mm to 50mm.
In the above-mentioned the first step, after the alkali lye cleaning in cotton stalk particle, can guarantee that the mass concentration of cleaning alkali lye in rear cotton stalk particle is below 0.2%.
In above-mentioned the 4th step, the water reducer aqueous solution is divided and poured into for three times just in finished product mixture, all first finished product mixture be uniformly mixed after pouring the water reducer aqueous solution at every turn, after being uniformly mixed for the last time, obtain mixture; Start to add that the water reducer aqueous solution starts to enter mould complete operating time of vibrating to mixture is 10 minutes to 15 minutes from first finished product mixture.
The present invention utilizes cotton stalk to be made into the building block of load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based, take full advantage of on the one hand cotton stalk waste material, protection of the environment, save soil, reduce costs, it is good that the load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based building block that contains on the other hand cotton stalk fiber has resistance to cleavage, intensity is high, lighter weight, good endurance, thermal property is better, the features such as soundproof effect is good, be applied to the bearing wall of low layer villages and small towns building, do not need to do secondary insulation, can reduce costs, and energy-saving heat preserving, it is a kind of materials for wall of environmental protection.
Embodiment
The present invention is not subject to the restriction of following embodiment, can determine concrete embodiment according to technical scheme of the present invention and practical situation.Percentage ratio in the present invention is mass percent.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described:
Embodiment 1, the preparation of this load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based building block: the first step: first cotton stalk is broken into the cotton stalk particle that length is 10mm to 50mm, be 1% to 2% NaOH solution soaking 24 hours to 36 hours by cotton stalk particle by mass concentration, then the cotton stalk particle clear water soaking is rinsed and washes away alkali lye, after having rinsed, cotton stalk particle draining is dried as cotton stalk siccative for subsequent use; Second step: meter by weight, takes respectively 240 parts to 320 parts, 80 parts to 120 parts of cotton stalk siccatives, 400 parts to 500 parts of cement, 1000 parts to 1500 parts, sand, 2 parts to 3.5 parts of aluminium powders, 4 parts to 6 parts of water reducers and water; The 3rd step: load weighted aluminium powder, cement are mixed with sand, and dry mixing evenly becomes cement sand mixture, more load weighted cotton stalk siccative is poured in cement sand mixture and stirred, just finished product mixture after stirring, obtained; The 4th step: load weighted water reducer is poured in load weighted water and is stirred into the water reducer aqueous solution, the water reducer aqueous solution is poured in first finished product mixture and is uniformly mixed and obtains mixture; The 5th step: mixture is entered to mould and vibrates, vibrate after having operated and obtain pattern, prevent moisture evaporation at pattern surface coating, leave standstill after 24 hours form removal the building block of load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based.There is the situation of abundant cotton stalk crop residue in conjunction with Xinjiang rural area; if develop the building block of load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based; be applied to the bearing wall of low layer villages and small towns buildings, have important theory significance and application prospect by Xinjiang region development and application energy-saving heat preserving, the Novel rural that utilizes wastes of crops, protection of the environment, saving soil, reduce costs and have certain architecture production industrialized level are occupied to building materials.
Embodiment 2, the preparation of this load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based building block: the first step: first cotton stalk is broken into the cotton stalk particle that length is 10mm or 50mm, be 1% or 2% NaOH solution soaking 24 hours or 36 hours by cotton stalk particle by mass concentration, then the cotton stalk particle clear water soaking is rinsed and washes away alkali lye, after having rinsed, cotton stalk particle draining is dried as cotton stalk siccative for subsequent use; Second step: meter by weight, takes respectively 240 parts or 320 parts, 4 parts of 2 parts of 1000 parts, 400 parts of 80 parts of cotton stalk siccatives or 120 parts, cement or 500 parts, sand or 1500 parts, aluminium powders or 3.5 parts, water reducers or 6 parts and water; The 3rd step: load weighted aluminium powder, cement are mixed with sand, and dry mixing evenly becomes cement sand mixture, more load weighted cotton stalk siccative is poured in cement sand mixture and stirred, just finished product mixture after stirring, obtained; The 4th step: load weighted water reducer is poured in load weighted water and is stirred into the water reducer aqueous solution, the water reducer aqueous solution is poured into just and obtained mixture in finished product mixture; The 5th step: mixture is entered to mould and vibrates, vibrate after having operated and obtain pattern, prevent moisture evaporation at pattern surface coating, leave standstill after 24 hours form removal the building block of load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based.
Can according to actual needs, the preparation of above-mentioned load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based building block be made further optimization and/or improvements:
Embodiment 3, as above-described embodiment preferably, the water content of cotton stalk siccative is less than 0.3%, the water content of sand is less than 0.5%, the silt content of sand is less than 1.0%.
Embodiment 4, as above-described embodiment preferably, in the first step, cotton stalk is broken into the cotton stalk particle that length is 10mm to 50mm.
Embodiment 5, as above-described embodiment preferably, in the first step, after the alkali lye cleaning in cotton stalk particle, guarantee after cleaning in cotton stalk particle that the mass concentration of alkali lye is below 0.2%.Generally clear water rinses and can meet the demands above for 3 times or 3 times.
Embodiment 6, as above-described embodiment preferably, in the 4th step, the water reducer aqueous solution is divided and is poured into for three times just in finished product mixture, all first finished product mixture is uniformly mixed after pouring the water reducer aqueous solution at every turn, after being uniformly mixed for the last time, obtain mixture; Start to add that the water reducer aqueous solution starts to enter mould complete operating time of vibrating to mixture is 10 minutes to 15 minutes from first finished product mixture.Point pour the water reducer aqueous solution for three times into and be that to produce desired result necessary, pour for the first time the water reducer aqueous solution into, make cotton stalk particle Face Immersion wetting, pour into for the second time after the water reducer aqueous solution, make cement start to occur hydration reaction, pour for the third time the water reducer aqueous solution into, emit gas thereby aluminium powder and cement react and in mixture, produce a large amount of pores, the feature such as the interfacial bond property that finally reaches cotton stalk and cement sand mixture is strong, mixture workability is good.
Get the building block of above-described embodiment gained load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based and carry out effect assessment, conclusion is as follows:
1, the load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based building block after form removal under normal curing condition maintenance after 28 days compression strength of building block can reach 5.0 MPa to 8.0MPa; tensile splitting strength can reach 0.8 MPa to 1.2MPa; materials in tension and compression ratio reaches 0.15 to 0.2; cotton stalk vegetable fibre in the building block of load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based has played enhancement, and tensile property has improved 50% to 100% than block materials such as air-entrained concrete building block, haydite concrete pieces.
2,1 cubic metre of load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based of every production building block, consumes cotton stalk double centner left and right (being equivalent to 0.2 to 0.3 mu of cotton stalk crop residue), has reduced the topsoil producing because of crop straw burning.
3, the thermal conductivity of load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based block material reaches 0.30w/ (m.k) to 0.45w/ (m.k), the thermal and insulating performance of 200mm to the 250mm thick wall body being built into the building block of load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based is equivalent to the thermal and insulating performance of 370mm to the 490mm thick wall body being built into solid clay brick, has improved the comfortable for living of house.
4, the building block of cement based cotton stalk, due to fiber reinforcement effect, is not prone to crack or Fragmentation Phenomena when cutting, can according to requirements cut into different size specification, easy to process.
5, cotton stalk fiber is higher than tension, the shearing resistance of the stalk fibres such as straw, corn, straw, be blended in cement, sand and can play stronger fiber reinforcement effect, and in Xinjiang region, cotton stalk fiber is very more extensive than other fiber sources.

Claims (6)

1. load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based building block, it is characterized in that obtaining in the steps below: the first step: first cotton stalk is broken into the cotton stalk particle that length is 10mm to 50mm, be 1% to 2% NaOH solution soaking 24 hours to 36 hours by cotton stalk particle by mass concentration, then the cotton stalk particle clear water soaking is rinsed and washes away alkali lye, after having rinsed, cotton stalk particle draining is dried as cotton stalk siccative for subsequent use; Second step: meter by weight, takes respectively 240 parts to 320 parts, 80 parts to 120 parts of cotton stalk siccatives, 400 parts to 500 parts of cement, 1000 parts to 1500 parts, sand, 2 parts to 3.5 parts of aluminium powders, 4 parts to 6 parts of water reducers and water; The 3rd step: load weighted aluminium powder, cement are mixed with sand, and dry mixing evenly becomes cement sand mixture, more load weighted cotton stalk siccative is poured in cement sand mixture and stirred, just finished product mixture after stirring, obtained; The 4th step: load weighted water reducer is poured in load weighted water and is stirred into the water reducer aqueous solution, the water reducer aqueous solution is poured in first finished product mixture and is uniformly mixed and obtains mixture; The 5th step: mixture is entered to mould and vibrates, vibrate after having operated and obtain pattern, at pattern surface coating, leave standstill after 24 hours form removal the building block of load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based; Wherein: in the 4th step, the water reducer aqueous solution is divided and poured into for three times just in finished product mixture, all first finished product mixture be uniformly mixed after pouring the water reducer aqueous solution at every turn, after being uniformly mixed for the last time, obtain mixture; Start to add that the water reducer aqueous solution starts to enter mould complete operating time of vibrating to mixture is 10 minutes to 15 minutes from first finished product mixture.
2. load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based according to claim 1 building block, is characterized in that the water content of cotton stalk siccative is less than 0.5%, and the water content of sand is less than 0.5%, and the silt content of sand is less than 1.0%.
3. load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based according to claim 1 and 2 building block, is characterized in that in the first step, after the alkali lye cleaning in cotton stalk particle, guarantees that the mass concentration of cleaning alkali lye in rear cotton stalk particle is below 0.2%.
4. the preparation method of load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based building block, it is characterized in that carrying out in the steps below: the first step: first cotton stalk is broken into the cotton stalk particle that length is 10mm to 50mm, be 1% to 2% NaOH solution soaking 24 hours to 36 hours by cotton stalk particle by mass concentration, then the cotton stalk particle clear water soaking is rinsed and washes away alkali lye, after having rinsed, cotton stalk particle draining is dried as cotton stalk siccative for subsequent use; Second step: meter by weight, takes respectively 240 parts to 320 parts, 80 parts to 120 parts of cotton stalk siccatives, 400 parts to 500 parts of cement, 1000 parts to 1500 parts, sand, 2 parts to 3.5 parts of aluminium powders, 4 parts to 6 parts of water reducers and water; The 3rd step: load weighted aluminium powder, cement are mixed with sand, and dry mixing evenly becomes cement sand mixture, more load weighted cotton stalk siccative is poured in cement sand mixture and stirred, just finished product mixture after stirring, obtained; The 4th step: load weighted water reducer is poured in load weighted water and is stirred into the water reducer aqueous solution, the water reducer aqueous solution is poured in first finished product mixture and is uniformly mixed and obtains mixture; The 5th step: mixture is entered to mould and vibrates, vibrate after having operated and obtain pattern, at pattern surface coating, leave standstill after 24 hours form removal the building block of load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based; Wherein: in the 4th step, the water reducer aqueous solution is divided and poured into for three times just in finished product mixture, all first finished product mixture be uniformly mixed after pouring the water reducer aqueous solution at every turn, after being uniformly mixed for the last time, obtain mixture; Start to add that the water reducer aqueous solution starts to enter mould complete operating time of vibrating to mixture is 10 minutes to 15 minutes from first finished product mixture.
5. the preparation method of load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based according to claim 4 building block, is characterized in that the water content of cotton stalk siccative is less than 0.3%, and the water content of sand is less than 0.5%, and the silt content of sand is less than 1.0%.
6. according to the preparation method of the load bearing heat preserving anti-cracking cotton stalk cement based building block described in claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that in the first step, after the alkali lye cleaning in cotton stalk particle, guarantee that the mass concentration of cleaning alkali lye in rear cotton stalk particle is below 0.2%.
CN201210531139.XA 2012-12-11 2012-12-11 Load-bearing thermal-insulating and anti-crack type cotton straw cement-based building block and preparation method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN102976684B (en)

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