CN102971931A - 用于调节供电网络的稳定性的方法 - Google Patents

用于调节供电网络的稳定性的方法 Download PDF

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CN102971931A
CN102971931A CN2011800249273A CN201180024927A CN102971931A CN 102971931 A CN102971931 A CN 102971931A CN 2011800249273 A CN2011800249273 A CN 2011800249273A CN 201180024927 A CN201180024927 A CN 201180024927A CN 102971931 A CN102971931 A CN 102971931A
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F·克鲁格
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/10—The dispersed energy generation being of fossil origin, e.g. diesel generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/40—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation wherein a plurality of decentralised, dispersed or local energy generation technologies are operated simultaneously
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Feedback Control In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于调节供电网络的稳定性的方法。构造成与供电网络交换电能的第一设备通过它的地理位置确定供电网络的一部分，该第一设备为能量连接而被分配给该部分。该第一设备确定用于所打算的能量交换的参数。至少一个为能量交换而被分配给供电网络的同一部分的第二设备确定用于所打算的能量交换的参数。第一设备在考虑第一和第二设备的参数的条件下进行能量交换，使得保证供电网络的电气稳定性。

Description

用于调节供电网络的稳定性的方法
本发明涉及一种用于调节供电网络的稳定性的方法。该方法优选在以下供电网络中应用，所述供电网络除连接到常规的产能工厂，例如燃煤火力发电厂、燃气火力发电厂或者原子能发电厂之外，还连接到向供电网络馈入随时间变化的电能的产能工厂。属于这种工厂的例如有风力发电厂或者太阳能发电厂。
现在打算向已有的供电网络加大馈入可再生的能量。这一部分当前通过使用太阳能和/或风能来满足。
同时迄今用汽油或者柴油驱动的汽车的运行应该在近几年或者近十几年中加大地被转换为电能。由此在此过程中进行的从供电网络对电能的提取依赖于用电器并从而是随时间波动的。
通过随时间变化地向网络馈入和提取电能，强制地发生关于可供使用的电能的参数—频率、相位、电平的稳定性问题。
从US 2009/0281673A1中获知一种所谓的“Smart Grid(智能网络)”，其中借助在网络上分布的“intelligence(智能)”采集和控制网络状态，并且其中实现一种在网络内分布的储能器。
从WO 2009 014543A1中获知另一种“Smart Grid(智能网络)”，其中在网络和车辆之间交换电功率。
这两个文献都使用集中的调节方案，以便保证关于频率或者功率的网络稳定性。
然而该集中的调节方案由于包含大部分或者全部网络的复杂的调节结构而极容易出现故障。
在部分网络内时间上快速进行的变化或者局部有限的用电器需求也不能够被相应快速地采集和平衡或者调整。
因此本发明的任务在于，说明一种用于调节供电网络的稳定性的改进的方法。
该任务通过权利要求1的特征解决。有利的扩展在从属权利要求中给出。
在本发明的用于调节供电网络的稳定性的方法中，构造成与供电网络进行电能交换的第一设备通过它的地理位置确定供电网络的一个部分，该第一设备为了能量连接而被分配给该部分。第一设备确定用于所打算的能量交换的参数。至少一个为能量交换而分配给该供电网络的同一部分的第二设备确定用于所打算的能量交换的参数。第一设备在考虑第一和第二设备的参数的条件下来进行能量交换，使得供电网络的该部分的电气稳定性得以保证。
对于现有技术，借助本发明去除可能使用的“智能网络”或者完全取代它，因为要把需要的集中调节耗费减到最小。
参数交换的作用方式可以与公知的对等通信类似地进行。
对此可以替代的方案是，其也可以与车对车的通信类似地进行，所述车对车的通信例如用于汽车(PKW)之间组网的警报系统。
用于局部优化网络的一部分的参数源例如可以是终端用电器、网络节点和/或外部的数据源。
特别是对于电动汽车(e-car)作为第一设备确定参数的情况，交通控制系统作为外部数据源提供服务。所述交通控制系统允许通过交通流量估计有多少可能需要电能的“电动汽车”在路上。
天气预报也允许以外部数据库的形式涉及位置地对关于预料的“电动汽车”的交通流量做出说明。这样例如在节假日或者工作日“电动汽车”的能量需求取决于天气而改变。
估计预料的能量需求的用电器预测系统也可以作为外部数据库使用。
由于该分散方案而不需要中心的控制单元，使得网络具有增高的鲁棒性和快速的调节动态性。
由于该分散方案，本发明的方法还允许在已有供电网络中逐步引入本发明，也就是说逐步加装该方法。
下面根据图1解释本发明。
在第一步骤，构造成与供电网络VNW交换电能Pel的第一设备G1确定它的地理位置POS。
根据该地理位置POS在第二步骤进行第一设备G1向供电网络VNW的一个部分TVNW的分配。
位置确定例如可以通过GPS进行。位置确定也可以通过与供电网络VNW的为此规定的站点通过供电电缆或者连接电缆交换的信号进行。
在此优选使用为所打算的能量交换而在第一设备G1和供电网络VNW之间设置的连接电缆。
第一设备G1确定所打算的能量交换的参数PAR1并且将所述参数传送给为此提供的管理站点VERW。
管理站点VERW可以构造为整个供电网络VNW的中心单元。或者它作为多个分散单元之一设置在供电网络VNW的一个所属的部分上。
至少一个为进行能量交换而分配给供电网络VNW的同一个部分的第二设备G2在另一个步骤中同样确定所打算的能量交换的参数PAR2。
该参数PAR2的确定可以类似于由第一设备G1为确定参数PAR1而使用的步骤进行。
第一设备G1在另一步骤中在考虑第一设备G1的参数PAR1和第二设备G2的参数PAR2的条件下进行能量交换，使得供电网络的该部分TVNW的电气稳定性得以保证。
电气稳定性的评估例如由中心的管理站点或者由供电网络VNW的分散的管理站点进行。
然而也可以从要确定的“主”设备进行稳定性的评估。第一设备可以作为“询问者”设备承担该功能性，只要向它传送为评价供电网络部分的稳定性所需要的参数。
如果由管理站点或者还由第一设备确定，供电网络的所属的部分具有足够的电气资源(例如功率)可供使用，则第一设备进行所追求的能量交换。例如作为第一设备的电动汽车在这种情况下又将对其放完电的电池充电。
然而如果由管理站点或者还由第一设备确定，在供电网络的所属的部分上已经连接有大量其他设备(例如作为第二设备的电动汽车)并且已经从该部分供电网络中提取能量，则借助可用的参数进行估计。
如果在网络资源的范围内尚可能，则作为第一设备的电动汽车进行所追求的能量交换并且给它的放完电的电池重新充电。
然而如果在网络资源的范围内不再可能，则作为第一设备的电动汽车不立即进行所追求的能量交换，并且必要时在后来才对它的放完电的电池充电。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于调节供电网络的稳定性的方法，
-其中构造成与供电网络进行电能交换的第一设备通过其地理位置确定供电网络的一个部分，该第一设备为能量连接而被分配给该部分，
-其中第一设备确定用于所打算的能量交换的参数，
-其中至少一个为能量交换而分配给该供电网络的同一部分的第二设备确定用于所打算的能量交换的参数，
-其中第一设备在考虑第一和第二设备的参数的条件下进行能量交换，使得保证供电网络的该部分的电气稳定性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，终端用电器作为第一设备和/或作为第二设备确定用于能量交换的参数。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，第二设备作为电厂组成部分确定用于能量交换的参数。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，电气驱动的汽车作为第一和/或第二用电器确定用于与供电网络进行能量交换的参数。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，第一设备和/或第二设备确定至少一个下面的参数：
-该设备的打算交换的功率，
-供电网络中的居支配地位的频率，
-供电网络中的可用的功率，和/或
-对于能量交换的情况供电网络中功率和频率的预见的变化。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，第一设备与第二设备和/或与供电网络通过连接的能量供给线路交换需要的参数。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，第一设备与第二设备和/或与供电网络通过无线电通信方法交换需要的参数。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，第一设备在另外考虑供电网络的网络节点的参数的条件下进行能量交换，以便保证供电网络的该部分的电气稳定性。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，由供电网络基于设备的所确定的参数引出调节以保证供电网络的整体稳定性。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在使用参数的条件下进行供电网络的该部分的无功功率部分和/或有功功率部分和/或频率的局部控制。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，电能通过连接的发电厂馈入供电网络中，其中作为发电厂特别是使用原子能发电厂、水力发电厂、热电厂和/或具有时间上可预见的能量功率的发电厂。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，电能通过连接的太阳能发电厂和/或风力发电厂馈入供电网络中。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其中位置的确定根据为了与供电网络进行能量交换而设置的连接端进行，或者
其中位置的确定借助GPS或者借助DGPRS或者使用基于GPS的系统进行。
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