CN102966331A - 通过水泥外套管进行液力压裂所使用的阀 - Google Patents

通过水泥外套管进行液力压裂所使用的阀 Download PDF

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CN102966331A
CN102966331A CN2012103173094A CN201210317309A CN102966331A CN 102966331 A CN102966331 A CN 102966331A CN 2012103173094 A CN2012103173094 A CN 2012103173094A CN 201210317309 A CN201210317309 A CN 201210317309A CN 102966331 A CN102966331 A CN 102966331A
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M·T·索莫斯
S·L·杰克逊
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Innovex Downhole Solutions Inc
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/10—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by control fluid supplied from outside the borehole
    • E21B34/102—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by control fluid supplied from outside the borehole with means for locking the closing element in open or closed position
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/10—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by control fluid supplied from outside the borehole
    • E21B34/102—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by control fluid supplied from outside the borehole with means for locking the closing element in open or closed position
    • E21B34/103—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by control fluid supplied from outside the borehole with means for locking the closing element in open or closed position with a shear pin
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B2200/00—Special features related to earth drilling for obtaining oil, gas or water
    • E21B2200/06—Sleeve valves

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  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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  • Safety Valves (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)

Abstract

一种在通过井中水泥套管进行压裂中所使用的阀，所述阀在水泥灌注过程中允许水泥流到井下，所述阀在打开位置中允许压裂流体能被引导流过水泥套管以压裂所述阀附近的地层。所述阀被构造为使所述阀由水泥或其它外物所导致的堵塞的可能性降低。

Description

通过水泥外套管进行液力压裂所使用的阀
技术领域
本发明涉及在不对水泥套管打孔的情况下对油气井中的多个区域进行液力压裂所使用的一种阀。一种较新的油/气井完井方法涉及一种阀的使用，所述阀被安装为使其作为井的套管管柱的一部分，该方法使得在阀元件处于关闭位置时，在套管内提供水泥流，并且该方法使得压裂流体能轴向流过水泥套管以压裂所述阀附近的地层。本发明在此公开的是用于这一过程的一种改进的阀。
背景技术
由于在水泥灌注过程完成后，阀的开口会受水泥或其它碎屑的影响，因此上面公开的完井方法中所使用的阀的现有设计容易失效。通常所使用的滑动套筒或活塞的一部分暴露在上述水泥的流动中或暴露至在井筒和套管管柱之间流动的水泥。
发明内容
根据本发明的阀通过将滑动套筒隔离在外部壳体和内部心轴之间而克服了上面描述的难题。内部心轴中的可破裂盘在选定压力下发生破裂。压力随后将作用在滑动套筒的一端并使滑动套筒移动到打开位置从而使得压裂流体直接作用于水泥套管。滑动套筒包括锁定环形螺母以防止所述滑动套筒滑回关闭位置。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的阀的侧视图；
图2是沿图1中的2-2线剖开的处于关闭位置的阀的截面图；
图3是沿图2中的3-3线剖开的阀的截面图；
图4是滑动套筒的截面图；
图5是锁定环保持部的截面图；
图6是锁定环的截面图；
图7是锁定环的端部视图；
图8是处于打开位置的阀的截面图；
图9是图8中圈出的区域的放大图。
具体实施方式
如图1中所示，本发明的阀10的一个实施例包括主壳体13和两个相似的端部连接件部分11、12。
主壳体13是在每个端部都具有螺纹部61的中空圆筒件，各所述螺纹部61接收各端部连接件的螺纹部18。端部连接件11和12可具有内螺纹或外螺纹以连接到套管管柱。如图2中所示，主壳体13包括一个或更多个开口19，所述开口19由环形保护套40环绕。环形保护套40由具有耐高冲击强度的材料制成。
阀10包括心轴30，所述心轴30形成为在端部连接件11、12之间延伸的中空圆筒形管（如图2中所示）。心轴30包括一个或更多个穿过心轴的外壁延伸的孔口23。心轴30还具有处于其外部的中间螺纹部51。一个或更多个可破裂盘41、42位于心轴内（如图3中所示）。可破裂盘41、42位于在心轴30的内表面和外表面之间延伸的通路内。心轴的外表面中设置有环形凹部17和27以容纳合适的密封件。
通过将心轴的肩部15接合在端部连接件的内表面中，使得心轴30被限定在端部连接件11和12之间。端部连接件11和12包括纵向延伸部18，所述纵向延伸部18使主壳体13与心轴30间隔开并从而形成了腔室36。纵向延伸部18具有用于容纳合适的密封件的环形凹部32。滑动套筒部件20位于所述腔室36内并且大体上是中空圆筒状结构（如图4所示）。滑动套筒部件20包括具有螺纹部66的直径较小的部分24。滑动套筒部件20还设置有用于容纳剪切销21的端部的凹槽43。滑动套筒部件20还包括容纳合适的环形密封件的环形槽16和22。
如图9中所示，锁定环保持部25具有棘齿61且该锁定环保持部25保持锁定环50，锁定环50在其外表面具有棘齿51且在其内表面具有棘齿55。锁定环50包括开口91（如图7中所示），随着滑动套筒从关闭位置运动到打开位置，所述开口91能使所述锁定环直径增加。
锁定环保持部25具有足够的直径裕度，从而使得锁定环50能啮合到心轴的棘齿63而决不会使锁定环50与锁定环保持部25的螺纹连接松脱。锁定环保持部25具有螺纹部26以便与滑动套筒部件上的螺纹部24相啮合。锁定环保持部25还具有多个用于设置螺杆（未示出）的孔46和62。
在使用中，阀10可以通过端部连接件11、12连接到套管管柱。一个或更多个阀10可以被结合到套管管柱内。在套管管柱已被配置在井内以后，如现有技术中常规的方式那样，水泥被向下泵送从而经过套管并从套管底部流出而进入到井筒和套管之间的环空内。在水泥流动终止后，将塞子或其它装置向下泵送以擦拭套管和阀从而清除残留的水泥。当所述塞子或其它装置被锁定或密封在井底组件中时，增加压力以在预定压力下使得可破裂盘发生破裂。流体压力将作用在滑动套筒部件20上以导致剪切销折断并继而使滑动套筒部件20向下游或向右运动（如图8中所示）。此运动将使得压裂流体能通过心轴中的孔口23以及外壳中的开口19流出。压力下的压裂流体将移除环形保护套40并使水泥套管破裂并且还将压裂所述阀10附近的地层。
由于滑动套筒部件20大部分与水泥的流动隔离，因此滑动套筒部件20不容易受到堵塞或不需要更高的驱动用压力。
在打开位置，锁定环50与心轴上的螺纹部63啮合以防止滑动套筒移回关闭位置。
主壳体13中设有通风孔37以便在阀正在装配时允许空气流出。通风孔37在装配后通过适当的塞子关闭。
虽然本发明对具体细节进行了描述，但这并不意味着这些细节应该被当作对本发明范围的限制，除非它们被包括在了随附的权利要求的范围中。

Claims (19)

1.一种阀，包括：
具有开口的壳体；
心轴，所述心轴定位在壳体内并且具有开口；
滑动套筒，所述滑动套筒设置在所述壳体和所述心轴之间，当阀处于关闭位置时，所述滑动套筒阻断壳体中的开口与心轴中的开口之间的流体连通，当阀处于打开位置时，所述滑动套筒允许流体在心轴中的开口与壳体中的开口之间流动；以及
能够破裂的盘，所述能够破裂的盘一旦破裂，则允许利用流体压力而在所述打开位置和关闭位置之间驱动滑动套筒。
2.如权利要求1所述的阀，其中所述能够破裂的盘设置在所述心轴的壁中。
3.如权利要求1所述的阀，所述阀包括所述壳体的每个端部上的端部连接件以便将所述阀连接到油井或气井中的套管管柱中。
4.如权利要求1所述的阀，所述阀还包括遮盖所述壳体中的开口的保护套。
5.如权利要求1所述的阀，其中所述壳体和所述心轴限定了位于所述壳体和所述心轴之间的腔室，所述滑动套筒设置在所述腔室中。
6.一种驱动阀的方法，所述方法包括：
使流体流过阀，所述阀包括：
具有一个或更多个开口的壳体；
具有一个或更多个开口的心轴；
滑动套筒，所述滑动套筒设置在所述壳体和所述心轴之间，当阀处于关闭位置时，所述滑动套筒阻断壳体中的开口与心轴中的开口之间的流体连通，当阀处于打开位置时，所述滑动套筒允许流体在心轴中的开口与壳体中的开口之间流动；以及
能够破裂的盘，所述能够破裂的盘一旦破裂，则施加流体压力以使所述滑动套筒在所述打开位置和关闭位置之间移动；
在选定的流体压力下使所述能够破裂盘破裂；
使流体流过所述能够破裂盘；
响应于所述流体压力，使滑动套筒在所述打开位置和所述关闭位置之间移动；以及
使流体通过所述壳体的一个或更多个开口以及所述心轴的一个或更多个开口流出。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，所述方法还包括：利用所述流体使水泥套管破裂。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法，所述方法还包括：使水泥经过所述阀而被泵送到井筒内。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，所述方法还包括：利用塞子擦拭所述阀。
10.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述滑动套筒被隔离在所述壳体和所述心轴之间。
11.一种在压裂操作中使用的套管管柱阀，所述套管管柱阀包括：
壳体，所述壳体中具有将所述壳体的内部与所述壳体的外部流体连通的第一开口；
心轴，所述心轴具有穿过所述心轴并限定了水泥流动路径的通孔，所述心轴还具有第二开口，所述第二开口与所述第一开口一起在所述通孔和所述壳体的外部之间限定了压裂流体的流动路径，所述心轴设置在所述壳体内以与所述壳体一起限定了与水泥流动路径相隔离的腔室。
滑动套筒，所述滑动套筒阻断以及不阻断压裂流体的流动路径，所述滑动套筒设置在所述壳体和所述心轴之间的所述腔室内且至少部分地与所述水泥流动路径相隔离，并且所述滑动套筒在通过所述通孔和第三开口而施加的流体压力下而被驱动。
12.如权利要求11所述的套管管柱阀，所述套管管柱阀还包括设置在所述第三开口内的能够破裂的盘，以对通过所述第三开口而施加的流体压力进行选择性地控制。
13.如权利要求11所述的套管管柱阀，所述套管管柱阀包括在所述壳体的每个端部上的端部连接件以便将所述套管管柱阀连接到油井或气井中的套管管柱中。
14.如权利要求11所述的套管管柱阀，所述套管管柱阀还包括遮盖所述壳体中的开口的保护套。
15.一种对井进行液力压裂中所使用的方法，所述方法包括：
将套管管柱设置在井筒中，所述套管管柱包括阀，所述阀限定了穿过所述阀的水泥流动路径以及穿过所述阀的压裂流体流动路径，所述压裂流体流动路径通过所述阀的滑动套筒而被阻断以及解除阻断，所述阀的滑动套筒至少部分地与所述水泥流动路径隔离；
当压裂流体流动路径被阻断时，在井筒中通过所述水泥流动路径对所述套管管柱灌注水泥；
通过所述阀的通孔施加流体压力来驱动所述滑动套筒并解除对压裂流体流动路径的阻断；以及
通过压裂流体流动路径将压裂流体引入井筒内。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法，其中通过将所述滑动套筒设置在所述心轴和所述壳体之间的、由所述心轴和所述壳体限定的且与所述水泥流动路径相隔离的腔室内，所述滑动套筒至少部分地与水泥流动路径隔离。
17.如权利要求15所述的方法，所述方法还包括利用引入的压裂流体使水泥套管破裂。
18.如权利要求15所述的方法，所述方法还包括在灌注水泥之后且在施加流体压力之前，利用塞子对所述阀进行擦拭。
19.如权利要求15所述的方法，其中施加流体压力包括使能够破裂的盘破裂。
CN2012103173094A 2011-09-01 2012-08-31 通过水泥外套管进行液力压裂所使用的阀 Pending CN102966331A (zh)

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US13/223,909 US8267178B1 (en) 2011-09-01 2011-09-01 Valve for hydraulic fracturing through cement outside casing

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