CN102964902B - Paint remover as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Paint remover as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102964902B CN102964902B CN201210476180.1A CN201210476180A CN102964902B CN 102964902 B CN102964902 B CN 102964902B CN 201210476180 A CN201210476180 A CN 201210476180A CN 102964902 B CN102964902 B CN 102964902B
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- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M Sodium oleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- KGWDUNBJIMUFAP-KVVVOXFISA-N Ethanolamine Oleate Chemical compound NCCO.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O KGWDUNBJIMUFAP-KVVVOXFISA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 N-nitrosophenyl hydroxylamine amine Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- GDEBSAWXIHEMNF-UHFFFAOYSA-O cupferron Chemical compound [NH4+].O=NN([O-])C1=CC=CC=C1 GDEBSAWXIHEMNF-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940031098 ethanolamine Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- DAHPIMYBWVSMKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hydroxy-n-phenylnitrous amide Chemical compound O=NN(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DAHPIMYBWVSMKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920006334 epoxy coating Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000553 6063 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006253 efflorescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000675108 Citrus tangerina Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- QRJOYPHTNNOAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper gold Chemical compound [Cu].[Au] QRJOYPHTNNOAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a paint remover, in particular relates to a paint remover which can remove multiple organic coatings as well as a preparation method and an application thereof and belongs to the field of fine chemical engineering. The paint remover comprises the following components (in parts by weight): 30-80 parts of dichloromethane, 0.2-5 parts of ethanol amine, 0.5-10 parts of formic acid, 5-20 parts of ethyl alcohol, 2-20 parts of acetone, 2-8 parts of liquid paraffin and 0.01-0.1 part of organic corrosion inhibitor, wherein the corrosion inhibitor is one or more of hexamethylenetetramine, cupferron, benzotriazole and sodium oleate. The preparation method of the paint remover comprises the steps of adding each component into a container in proportion and stirring to be uniform at normal temperature and normal pressure. The paint remover provided by the invention can effectively remove organic coatings on various metal surfaces, such as an epoxy resin coating, a polyurethane resin coating, an organic silicon resin coating and a polyester coating; the paint remover provided by the invention has strong coating dissolving capacity, paint removing speed at normal temperature is high, and metal substrate is not corroded; and raw materials are available, cost is low, and a production process is simple.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of paint remover, particularly a kind of paint remover multiple organic coating to removal effect and preparation method thereof and application, belong to field of fine chemical.
Background technology
Organic coating is widely applied in daily life and industrial production.The effect of coating is to provide certain protective effect to base material on the one hand, is the outward appearance of beautifying coated article on the other hand.In actual life, under environmental activity and physical mechanical effect, along with often appearring in the prolongation coating of duration of service, part or big area lost efficacy, as loss of gloss, efflorescence, come off, crackle, scuffing, ground corrosion etc., or in coating preparation process, there is defects such as tangerine peel, crackle, efflorescence, cause the appearance of unacceptable product, this just requires thoroughly to remove coating, and spraying again.Mechanical removal coating has the shortcomings such as time-consuming, efficiency is low, to complex-shaped component, often can not realize the removal of coating.In addition, also may cause the destructions such as scuffing of ground, the coating that adopts paint remover to remove substrate surface is a kind of effective means.
At present, there is following shortcoming in the paint remover of industrial use: metallic substance is caused to corrosion, and high volatility, some paint removers need to heat use, contain the toxic substances such as benzene, phenol, hydrofluoric acid etc.
Summary of the invention
In view of above problem, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of paint remover and preparation method thereof and application, mainly solve in prior art, exist metallic substance is caused to corrosion, contain the problems such as toxic substance such as benzene, phenol, hydrofluoric acid.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A paint remover, according to the mass fraction, it is composed as follows:
30～80 parts of methylene dichloride;
0.2～5 part of thanomin;
0.5～10 part, formic acid;
5～20 parts of ethanol;
2～20 parts, acetone;
2～8 parts of whiterusss;
0.01～0.1 part of organic inhibitor.
Described paint remover, according to the mass fraction, it is preferably composed as follows:
40～60 parts of methylene dichloride;
0.5～2 part of thanomin;
1～5 part, formic acid;
10～15 parts of ethanol;
10～15 parts, acetone;
3～5 parts of whiterusss;
0.03～0.05 part of organic inhibitor.
In the present invention, organic inhibitor used is one or more combinations of hexamethylenetetramine, N-nitrosophenyl hydroxylamine amine (cupferron), benzotriazole (BTA) and sodium oleate.
In the present invention, the mass fraction of hexamethylenetetramine is 0～0.1 part, and the mass fraction of cupferron is 0～0.1 part, and the mass fraction of benzotriazole is 0～0.1 part, and the mass fraction of sodium oleate is 0～0.1 part.
The preparation method of described paint remover, joins each component in container in proportion, stirs at normal temperatures and pressures, after inhibiter is dissolved completely, obtains paint remover.
The application of described paint remover, paint remover is used for the removal of metal material surface organic coating, or is applied to the removal of woodenware surface paint film.
In the present invention, the inhibition mechanism of organic inhibitor is: in depainting process, be adsorbed on metal base surface and form organic adsorbent thin film, stop the corrosion of metallic substance in depainting solution.According to the difference of base material, can select different inhibiter or its combination, ferrous materials can be selected hexamethylenetetramine, and aluminium alloy can be selected N-nitrosophenyl hydroxylamine amine (cupferron) and sodium oleate, and copper alloy can be selected benzotriazole.For various metals subassembly, can select the composite of inhibiter.
Advantage of the present invention and effect:
1, paint remover of the present invention consists of methylene dichloride, thanomin, formic acid, ethanol, acetone, whiteruss and organic inhibitor, take methylene dichloride as solvent, adopt whiteruss as volatilization inhibitor, formic acid, thanomin, ethanol and acetone accelerate the removal of coating, and organic inhibitor effectively suppresses the corrosion of metallic substance in depainting process.
2, preparation process of the present invention is to take in proportion each component, after making inhibiter dissolve completely, obtains paint remover under the condition of normal temperature and pressure, stirring, and raw material sources are extensive, and cost is low, and production technique is simple, and paint removing effect is remarkable.
3, paint remover of the present invention does not need heating in preparation and use procedure, and normal temperature paint removing effect is good.Corrosion-free to metallic substance, not containing hazardous and noxious substances such as benzene, phenol and hydrofluoric acid, use safety.
4, the present invention be depainting efficiency high, to corrosion-free, the low-volatile paint remover of metal, paint remover can effectively be removed the organic coating of various metallic surfaces, as epoxy coating, urethane resin coating, silicone resin coating and polyester coatings etc.Paint remover is strong to the dissolving power of coating, and normal temperature paint stripping rate is fast, and metal base is not corroded.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The preparation of paint remover: take methylene dichloride 30kg, thanomin 2.5kg, formic acid 4kg, ethanol 6kg, acetone 3.5kg, whiteruss 2.5kg, cupferron 0.05kg.Above-mentioned substance is added in stirred vessel, be stirred at normal temperatures and pressures completely and dissolve, can paint remover of the present invention.
Stripping test: will put into above-mentioned paint remover with the LY12 aluminum alloy specimen of the thick epoxy coating of 100 μ m, under room temperature, 4min coating starts swelling, and after 11min, coating comes off completely, and aluminum alloy surface is smooth smooth, corrosion-free.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of paint remover: take methylene dichloride 50kg, thanomin 1kg, formic acid 8kg, ethanol 20kg, acetone 16kg, whiteruss 5kg, benzotriazole 0.03kg.Above-mentioned substance is added in stirred vessel, be stirred at normal temperatures and pressures completely and dissolve, can paint remover of the present invention.
Stripping test: the red copper gold sample with the thick silicone resin coating of 100 μ m is put into above-mentioned paint remover, and under room temperature, 5min coating starts swelling, and after 12min, coating comes off completely, and red copper surface is smooth smooth, corrosion-free.
Embodiment 3
The preparation of paint remover: take methylene dichloride 37.5kg, thanomin 0.25kg, formic acid 0.75kg, ethanol 5kg, acetone 2.5kg, whiteruss 3kg, hexamethylenetetramine 0.08kg.Above-mentioned substance is added in stirred vessel, be stirred at normal temperatures and pressures completely and dissolve, can paint remover of the present invention.
Stripping test: will have the Q235 sample of vibrin coating to put into above-mentioned paint remover with 100 μ m are thick, under room temperature, 3min coating starts swelling, and after 13min, coating comes off completely, and Q235 surfacing is smooth, corrosion-free.
Embodiment 4
The preparation of paint remover: take methylene dichloride 40kg, thanomin 5kg, formic acid 10kg, ethanol 20kg, acetone 20kg, whiteruss 5kg, hexamethylenetetramine 0.05kg, cupferron 0.015kg, sodium oleate 0.02kg.Above-mentioned substance is added in stirred vessel, be stirred at normal temperatures and pressures completely and dissolve, can paint remover of the present invention.
Stripping test: will have the Q235 of epoxy coating and 6063 aluminum alloy combination samples to put into above-mentioned paint remover with 100 μ m are thick, under room temperature, 5min coating starts swelling, and after 15min, coating comes off completely, Q235 and 6063 aluminum alloy surface are smooth smooth, corrosion-free.
Embodiment 5
The preparation of paint remover: take methylene dichloride 35kg, thanomin 1.5kg, formic acid 2.5kg, ethanol 5kg, acetone 4kg, whiteruss 2kg, hexamethylenetetramine 0.03kg, cupferron 0.02kg, benzotriazole 0.015kg, sodium oleate 0.012kg.Above-mentioned substance is added in stirred vessel, be stirred at normal temperatures and pressures completely and dissolve, can paint remover of the present invention.
Stripping test: will put into above-mentioned paint remover with the thick Q235 that has a urethane resin coating of 100 μ m and 3A21 aluminium alloy and QSn4-3 tinbronze composite sample, under room temperature, 6min coating starts swelling, after 13min, coating comes off completely, Q235 and 3A21 aluminium alloy and QSn4-3 tinbronze gold surface are smooth smooth, corrosion-free.
Embodiment result shows, the paint remover obtaining by this technique, and paint removing effect is good, and to metal object corrosion, technique is easy to control, and is applicable to suitability for industrialized production.
In addition, the above, be only the better feasible embodiment of the present invention, can not limit to this interest field of the present invention, and described paint remover can, for the removal of metal material surface organic coating, also can be applicable to the removal of woodenware surface paint film.Therefore, according to technical scheme of the present invention and technical thought, make other various corresponding changes and distortion, within still belonging to the protection domain that the present invention contains.
Claims (4)
1. a paint remover, is characterized in that, according to the mass fraction, it is composed as follows:
30～80 parts of methylene dichloride;
0.2～5 part of thanomin;
0.5～10 part, formic acid;
5～20 parts of ethanol;
2～20 parts, acetone;
2～8 parts of whiterusss;
0.01～0.1 part of organic inhibitor;
Organic inhibitor used is one or more combinations of hexamethylenetetramine, N-nitrosophenyl hydroxylamine amine, benzotriazole and sodium oleate;
In proportion each component is joined in container, stir at normal temperatures and pressures, after inhibiter is dissolved completely, obtain paint remover.
2. paint remover according to claim 1, is characterized in that: according to the mass fraction, it is composed as follows:
40～60 parts of methylene dichloride;
0.5～2 part of thanomin;
1～5 part, formic acid;
10～15 parts of ethanol;
10～15 parts, acetone;
3～5 parts of whiterusss;
0.03～0.05 part of organic inhibitor.
3. paint remover according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the mass fraction of hexamethylenetetramine is 0～0.1 part, the mass fraction of N-nitrosophenyl hydroxylamine amine is 0～0.1 part, and the mass fraction of benzotriazole is 0～0.1 part, and the mass fraction of sodium oleate is 0～0.1 part.
4. the application of paint remover according to claim 1, is characterized in that: paint remover is used for the removal of metal material surface organic coating, or is applied to the removal of woodenware surface paint film.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210476180.1A CN102964902B (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2012-11-21 | Paint remover as well as preparation method and application thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210476180.1A CN102964902B (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2012-11-21 | Paint remover as well as preparation method and application thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102964902A CN102964902A (en) | 2013-03-13 |
| CN102964902B true CN102964902B (en) | 2014-07-30 |
Family
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| CN201210476180.1A Active CN102964902B (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2012-11-21 | Paint remover as well as preparation method and application thereof |
Country Status (1)
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103172183B (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-03-26 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Water treatment corrosion inhibitor and water treatment agent containing same |
| CN103602991B (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-05-13 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | Compound corrosion inhibitor, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN104231714B (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2016-06-15 | 安敏 | A kind of machine components paint stripper and preparation method thereof and application |
| JP5940204B1 (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2016-06-29 | 株式会社オフィス・エー・ティー | Film remover |
| CN106833102A (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-06-13 | 苏州市金纳润特科技有限公司 | A kind of natural gas line paint stripper and its construction method |
| CN106893395A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-06-27 | 苏州市金纳润特科技有限公司 | A kind of ship of high-efficiency environment friendly depainting cream |
| CN107686676A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-02-13 | 安徽香杨新能源科技发展有限公司 | A kind of environmental friendly material |
| CN108519300A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-09-11 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of galvanic corrosion weightless test method under the conditions of realization high hydrostatic pressure |
| CN108726654A (en) * | 2018-07-01 | 2018-11-02 | 李冬生 | A kind of lacquer mist coagulant |
| CN113861746A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-12-31 | 中国人民解放军第五七二一工厂 | Method for removing radar wave-absorbing paint coating of airplane |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7365046B2 (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2008-04-29 | Ecolab Inc. | Method for stripping floor finishes using composition that thickens upon dilution with water |
| CN100429283C (en) * | 2005-10-08 | 2008-10-29 | 北京化工大学 | General efficient paint remover |
| CN101130647A (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2008-02-27 | 大连工业大学 | Paint stripper |
| CN101684213B (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-11-16 | 南京师范大学 | Multifunctional chorine-free and benzene-free compound paint stripper and production method thereof |
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Inventor after: Wang Cheng Inventor after: Fu Qiang Inventor after: Wang Wen Inventor after: Wu Hang Inventor after: Wang Qunchang Inventor after: Zhu Shenglong Inventor after: Wang Fuhui Inventor after: Liu Shinian Inventor after: Su Wei Inventor after: Lv Wangyan Inventor before: Wang Cheng Inventor before: Wang Wen Inventor before: Wu Hang Inventor before: Wang Qunchang Inventor before: Zhu Shenglong Inventor before: Wang Fuhui |
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Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTOR; FROM: WANG CHENG WANG WEN WU HANG WANG QUNCHANG ZHU SHENGLONG WANG FUHUI TO: WANG CHENG WANG WEN WU HANG WANG QUNCHANG ZHU SHENGLONG WANG FUHUI LIU SHINIAN SU WEI LV WANGYAN FU QIANG |
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Effective date of registration: 20140110 Address after: 110016 Shenyang, Liaoning Province Cultural Road, No. 72, Shenhe Applicant after: Institute of metal research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Applicant after: Electrical Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Corporation Address before: 110016 Shenyang, Liaoning Province Cultural Road, No. 72, Shenhe Applicant before: Institute of metal research, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
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