CN102955738A - Driving and driven hybrid testing method for simulation system - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种针对仿真系统的主动被动混合测试方法，是按照下述步骤进行：（1）选择测试需求项；（2）建立“测试准备数据库”；（3）设计测试用例；（4）搜索“测试准备数据库”；（5）从步骤（4）得到的数据中获取测试用例的期望输出数据或测试通过标准；（6）若“测试准备数据库”中没有符合要求的数据，调整测试方法或者扩大数据条件，再次搜索“测试准备数据库”；（7）若经过步骤（6）之后，“测试数据库”中没有符合要求的数据，且不能调整搜索条件，则对欠缺数据再进行针对性的数据挖掘。本发明提高了测试数据的充分性；减少了重复数据等的使用，有效增加了测试数据的实用性；减少了被动测试实施成本及时间。
The invention discloses an active-passive hybrid testing method for a simulation system, which is carried out according to the following steps: (1) selecting a test requirement item; (2) establishing a "test preparation database"; (3) designing a test case; (4) Search for "test preparation database"; (5) Obtain the expected output data of the test case or the test passing standard from the data obtained in step (4); (6) If there is no qualified data in the "test preparation database", adjust the test method Or expand the data conditions and search the "test preparation database"again; (7) If after step (6), there is no data that meets the requirements in the "test database" and the search conditions cannot be adjusted, then carry out targeted search for the lack of data data mining. The invention improves the adequacy of test data, reduces the use of repeated data, effectively increases the practicability of test data, and reduces the cost and time of passive test implementation.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于软件测试领域，具体涉及一种软件被动测试方法。 The invention belongs to the field of software testing, and in particular relates to a software passive testing method.
背景技术 Background technique
对于一个工业生产在线仿真系统进行测试时，测试人员设计了合理的测试用例，要把仿真软件的运行数据和现场真实数据进行比对，但各实际生产装置的操作参数往往是不允许因为要测试而调节，用户要求不能影响生产，更怕出风险，无法根据主动测试用例设计的输入数据进行数据比对，所以主动测试方法有时难以实施。 When testing an industrial production online simulation system, testers design reasonable test cases to compare the operating data of the simulation software with the real data on site, but the operating parameters of each actual production device are often not allowed because of the need to test For adjustment, user requirements cannot affect production, and they are more afraid of risks. Data comparison cannot be performed based on the input data of active test case design, so active test methods are sometimes difficult to implement.
近几年国内外有关软件被动测试的成果较少，有实践价值的研究进展艰难缓慢。类比概括归纳一下已有成果：被动在线监测，可向前、向后根据轨迹来标示错误；在线被动测试中观察者放置最少的解决方案；用被动测试收集启发式信息，然后将这些信息指导后续的主动测试等。但是这些文献成果中的实践问题也比较多，比如： In recent years, there have been few results related to passive testing of software at home and abroad, and the progress of research with practical value has been difficult and slow. Summarize the existing achievements by analogy: passive online monitoring can mark errors forward and backward according to the trajectory; in online passive testing, the observer places the least solution; passive testing is used to collect heuristic information, and then guide the follow-up with this information active testing, etc. However, there are many practical problems in these literature results, such as:
（1）被动测试的目标难以主动控制； (1) The target of passive testing is difficult to control actively;
（2）被动测试的输入数据依赖现场实际生产的真实数据，这些数据对于测试来讲可能不是需要的或是不重要的，而需要的数据出现的时间可能很短、次数很少； (2) The input data of the passive test depends on the real data of the actual production on site. These data may not be necessary or important for the test, and the required data may appear for a short time and infrequently;
（3）在线获取的真实数据常常是前后重复性“相同”的，这些数据浪费了宝贵的被动测试实施时间，严重影响了测试效率； (3) The real data obtained online are often "same" repeatedly, which wastes valuable passive test implementation time and seriously affects test efficiency;
（4）被动测试的测试数据的充分性问题普遍较大； (4) The adequacy of test data for passive testing is generally problematic;
（5）普通的被动测试不设计测试用例，先进的测试方法难以融入。 (5) Ordinary passive testing does not design test cases, and it is difficult to integrate advanced testing methods.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是被动测试方法的测试目标难以主动控制、被动机制下获取的测试数据实用性和充分性等较低，提供一种提高了测试数据的充分性、减少了重复数据的针对仿真系统的主动被动混合测试方法。 The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the test target of the passive test method is difficult to be actively controlled, and the test data obtained under the passive mechanism is relatively low in practicability and adequacy, etc., and a method that improves the adequacy of the test data and reduces repeated data is provided. Active-passive hybrid testing approach for simulated systems.
本发明的技术方案是以下述方式实现的：一种针对仿真系统的主动被动混合测试方法，按照下述步骤进行： The technical solution of the present invention is realized in the following manner: an active-passive hybrid testing method for a simulation system, carried out according to the following steps:
（1）选择测试需求项； (1) Select the test requirement item;
（2）建立“测试准备数据库”； (2) Establish a "test preparation database";
（3）设计测试用例，提出输入数据的条件范围； (3) Design test cases and propose the condition range of input data;
（4）搜索“测试准备数据库”，从中找出符合条件范围的输入数据； (4) Search the "test preparation database" to find the input data that meets the criteria;
（5）从步骤（4）得到的数据中获取测试用例的期望输出数据或测试通过标准； (5) Obtain the expected output data or test pass standard of the test case from the data obtained in step (4);
（6）若“测试准备数据库”中没有符合要求的数据，调整测试方法或者扩大数据条件，再次搜索“测试准备数据库”； (6) If there is no data that meets the requirements in the "test preparation database", adjust the test method or expand the data conditions, and search the "test preparation database" again;
（7）若经过步骤（6）之后，“测试数据库”中没有符合要求的数据，且不能调整搜索条件，则对欠缺数据再进行针对性的数据挖掘；将新挖掘的数据添加到“测试准备数据库”中，再重复步骤（3）。 (7) If after step (6), there is no data that meets the requirements in the "test database" and the search conditions cannot be adjusted, then carry out targeted data mining on the missing data; add the newly mined data to the "test preparation" Database", repeat step (3).
本发明包括下述过程： The present invention includes the following processes:
（1）对用户历史业务进行数据挖掘并建立测试准备数据库的过程 (1) The process of data mining the user's historical business and establishing a test preparation database
建立被动机制，完成实际生产数据获取软件的开发； Establish a passive mechanism to complete the development of the actual production data acquisition software;
跟踪记录生产数据； Track and record production data;
根据确定的测试目标范围，修改数据获取程序； Modify the data acquisition procedure according to the determined test target scope;
在被动机制下跟踪记录实际系统生产历史数据； Track and record the actual system production history data under the passive mechanism;
处理实际生产历史数据库，得到测试准备数据库。 Process the actual production history database to get a test-ready database.
（2）测试的组织与实施过程 (2) The organization and implementation process of the test
确定测试目标范围； Determine the scope of the test target;
制定测试计划； develop a test plan;
设计主动测试用例； Design active test cases;
设计被动测试用例、设计主动被动混合测试用例； Design passive test cases, design active and passive hybrid test cases;
测试实施； test implementation;
完成测试结果报告； Complete the test result report;
依据仿真精度方面的bug，修改仿真数学模型； According to the bug of simulation accuracy, modify the simulation mathematical model;
当项目状态满足终止条件时，结束项目。 When the project status satisfies the termination condition, end the project.
本发明建立测试数据获取的被动机制，充分使用长期真实系统历史数据，相比普通被动测试大大提高了测试数据的充分性；减少了重复数据等的使用，有效增加了测试数据的实用性；减少了被动测试实施成本及时间。按合理的主动测试方法设计测试用例，但其中输入数据只提出条件范围；对用于测试的实际生产参数历史数据库中数据进行挖掘，从中搜索出符合条件范围的历史数据，作为测试用例的测试输入数据及对应的期望输出结果。 The present invention establishes a passive mechanism for test data acquisition, fully uses long-term real system historical data, and greatly improves the adequacy of test data compared with ordinary passive tests; reduces the use of repeated data, etc., and effectively increases the practicability of test data; reduces Reduced the cost and time of implementing passive testing. Design test cases according to a reasonable active test method, but the input data only proposes the condition range; mine the data in the historical database of the actual production parameters used for testing, and search for the historical data that meets the condition range as the test input of the test case Data and corresponding expected output results.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
如图1所示，一种针对仿真系统的主动被动混合测试方法，是按照下述步骤进行： As shown in Figure 1, an active-passive hybrid testing method for the simulation system is carried out according to the following steps:
（1）选择测试需求项，明确测试需求细节及测试通过标准； (1) Select the test requirement item, specify the details of the test requirement and the test passing standard;
（2）基于测试需求对用户历史业务进行数据挖掘，建立“测试准备数据库”，测试准备数据库本质上是用于测试的实际生产参数历史数据库； (2) Based on the test requirements, data mining is carried out on the user's historical business, and a "test preparation database" is established. The test preparation database is essentially a historical database of actual production parameters used for testing;
（3）对于每一项测试需求，按照合理的主动测试方法设计测试用例，但其中输入数据只提出条件范围，不设计具体输入数据； (3) For each test requirement, design test cases according to a reasonable active test method, but the input data only proposes the condition range, and does not design specific input data;
（4）搜索“测试准备数据库”，从中找出符合条件范围的数据，作为测试用例的测试输入数据； (4) Search the "test preparation database" to find out the data that meets the criteria and use it as the test input data of the test case;
（5）从步骤（4）得到的相关数据中获取测试用例的期望输出数据或测试通过标准； (5) Obtain the expected output data or test pass standard of the test case from the relevant data obtained in step (4);
（6）若“测试准备数据库”中没有符合要求的数据，调整测试方法或者扩大数据条件范围，再次搜索“测试准备数据库”； (6) If there is no data that meets the requirements in the "test preparation database", adjust the test method or expand the scope of data conditions, and search the "test preparation database" again;
（7）若经过步骤（6）之后，“测试数据库”中仍没有符合要求的数据，且不能调整搜索条件，则对欠缺数据再进行针对性的数据挖掘；将新挖掘的数据添加到“测试准备数据库”中，再重复步骤（3）。 (7) If after step (6), there is still no qualified data in the "test database" and the search conditions cannot be adjusted, then carry out targeted data mining on the missing data; add the newly mined data to the "test database" In "Prepare Database", repeat step (3).
如图2所示，本发明的方法在具体实施时包括下述三个过程： As shown in Figure 2, the method of the present invention comprises following three processes during concrete implementation:
（1）开发仿真软件，采用瀑布模型的过程： (1) The process of developing simulation software and adopting the waterfall model:
所述瀑布模型包括四个活动：活动1：需求分析；活动2：总体设计；活动3：详细设计；活动4：编码。 The waterfall model includes four activities: activity 1: requirement analysis; activity 2: overall design; activity 3: detailed design; activity 4: coding.
（2）对用户历史业务进行数据挖掘并建立测试准备数据库的过程： (2) The process of data mining the user's historical business and establishing a test preparation database:
活动10：建立被动机制，完成实际生产数据获取软件的开发；在项目启动后，应尽早完成被动机制（只在线接受共享实际生产数据、不干扰生产进行）下获取实际生产参数历史数据的程序及相关硬件配置； Activity 10: Establish a passive mechanism and complete the development of the actual production data acquisition software; after the project starts, the procedures for obtaining historical data of actual production parameters under the passive mechanism (only accepting and sharing actual production data online, without interfering with production progress) should be completed as soon as possible and Related hardware configuration;
活动11：跟踪记录生产数据，刚开始获取的数据要尽量全面，宁可多余也不要遗漏； Activity 11: Track and record production data. The data obtained at the beginning should be as comprehensive as possible, rather than being redundant or missing;
活动12：根据确定的测试目标范围，修改数据获取程序，去掉无关的数据项，以减少系统负荷压力； Activity 12: According to the determined test target range, modify the data acquisition program and remove irrelevant data items to reduce system load pressure;
活动13：在被动机制下跟踪记录实际系统生产历史数据，不管是正常工况、事故状态或是开工的过程中，要尽量不间断； Activity 13: Track and record the actual system production history data under the passive mechanism, no matter it is normal working condition, accident state or the process of starting work, try to be uninterrupted;
活动14：处理实际生产历史数据库，原始的实际生产参数历史数据库在用于测试前，需要滤除失真干扰数据、滤除“重复”数据、数据分类、数据格式转换，最后得到测试准备数据库(也就是用于测试的实际生产参数历史数据库)。 Activity 14: Process the actual production historical database. Before the original actual production parameter historical database is used for testing, it is necessary to filter out distorted interference data, filter out "duplicate" data, data classification, and data format conversion, and finally get the test preparation database (also is the historical database of actual production parameters used for testing).
（3）测试的组织与实施过程： (3) Organization and implementation process of the test:
活动5：确定测试目标范围； Activity 5: Determine the test target scope;
活动6：制定测试计划； Activity 6: Develop a test plan;
活动7：设计主动测试用例； Activity 7: Design active test cases;
活动8：设计被动测试用例、设计主动被动混合测试用例；前置任务包括完成测试计划及具备数据量充分的实际生产参数历史数据库；对于每一项测试需求，先明确本测试需求项对应的测试通过标准，按合理的测试方法设计测试用例，但其中输入数据只提出条件范围；对测试准备数据库中数据进行搜索，从中找出符合条件范围的数据，作为测试用例的测试输入数据；并从对应的数据中获取测试用例的期望输出数据或测试通过标准；如果测试准备数据库中没有符合要求的数据，对测试方法调整或者数据条件范围尽量扩宽，再去搜索测试准备数据库；如果测试准备数据库中仍然没有符合要求的数据，需要对欠缺数据再进行针对性的数据挖掘； Activity 8: Design passive test cases, design active-passive hybrid test cases; pre-tasks include completing the test plan and having a historical database of actual production parameters with sufficient data; for each test requirement, first clarify the test corresponding to the test requirement item Pass the standard and design test cases according to reasonable test methods, but the input data only proposes the condition range; search the data in the test preparation database, find out the data that meets the condition range, and use it as the test input data of the test case; and from the corresponding Obtain the expected output data of the test case or the test passing standard from the data in the test case; if there is no data that meets the requirements in the test preparation database, adjust the test method or expand the range of data conditions as much as possible, and then search the test preparation database; There is still no data that meets the requirements, and it is necessary to conduct targeted data mining for the lack of data;
活动9：测试实施； Activity 9: Test implementation;
活动15：经过对测试记录分析处理后完成测试结果报告； Activity 15: Complete the test result report after analyzing and processing the test records;
活动16：依据仿真精度方面的bug（缺陷），修改仿真数学模型； Activity 16: Modify the simulation mathematical model according to the bug (defect) in simulation accuracy;
活动17：当项目状态满足终止条件时，结束项目。 Activity 17: End the project when the project status meets the termination condition.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明测试用例的设计流程图。 Fig. 1 is the design flowchart of the test case of the present invention.
图2是本发明测试过程的PDM网络图。 Fig. 2 is a PDM network diagram of the testing process of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
如图1所示，一种针对仿真系统的主动被动混合测试方法，是按照下述步骤进行： As shown in Figure 1, an active-passive hybrid testing method for the simulation system is carried out according to the following steps:
（1）选择测试需求项，明确测试需求细节及测试通过标准； (1) Select the test requirement item, specify the details of the test requirement and the test passing standard;
（2）基于测试需求对用户历史业务进行数据挖掘，建立“测试准备数据库”，测试准备数据库本质上是用于测试的实际生产参数历史数据库； (2) Based on the test requirements, data mining is carried out on the user's historical business, and a "test preparation database" is established. The test preparation database is essentially a historical database of actual production parameters used for testing;
（3）对于每一项测试需求，按照合理的主动测试方法设计测试用例，但其中输入数据只提出条件范围，不设计具体输入数据； (3) For each test requirement, design test cases according to a reasonable active test method, but the input data only proposes the condition range, and does not design specific input data;
（4）搜索“测试准备数据库”，从中找出符合条件范围的数据，作为测试用例的测试输入数据； (4) Search the "test preparation database" to find out the data that meets the criteria and use it as the test input data of the test case;
（5）从步骤（4）得到的相关数据中获取测试用例的期望输出数据或测试通过标准； (5) Obtain the expected output data or test pass standard of the test case from the relevant data obtained in step (4);
（6）若“测试准备数据库”中没有符合要求的数据，调整测试方法或者扩大数据条件范围，再次搜索“测试准备数据库”； (6) If there is no data that meets the requirements in the "test preparation database", adjust the test method or expand the scope of data conditions, and search the "test preparation database" again;
（7）若经过步骤（6）之后，“测试数据库”中仍没有符合要求的数据，且不能调整搜索条件，则对欠缺数据再进行针对性的数据挖掘；将新挖掘的数据添加到“测试准备数据库”中，再重复步骤（3）。 (7) If after step (6), there is still no qualified data in the "test database" and the search conditions cannot be adjusted, then carry out targeted data mining on the missing data; add the newly mined data to the "test database" In "Prepare Database", repeat step (3).
如图2所示，本发明的方法在具体实施时包括下述三个过程： As shown in Figure 2, the method of the present invention comprises following three processes during concrete implementation:
（1）开发仿真软件，采用瀑布模型的过程： (1) The process of developing simulation software and adopting the waterfall model:
所述瀑布模型包括四个活动：活动1：需求分析；活动2：总体设计；活动3：详细设计；活动4：编码。 The waterfall model includes four activities: activity 1: requirement analysis; activity 2: overall design; activity 3: detailed design; activity 4: coding.
（2）对用户历史业务进行数据挖掘并建立测试准备数据库的过程： (2) The process of data mining the user's historical business and establishing a test preparation database:
活动10：建立被动机制，完成实际生产数据获取软件的开发；在项目启动后，应尽早完成被动机制（只在线接受共享实际生产数据、不干扰生产进行）下获取实际生产参数历史数据的程序及相关硬件配置； Activity 10: Establish a passive mechanism and complete the development of the actual production data acquisition software; after the project starts, the procedures for obtaining historical data of actual production parameters under the passive mechanism (only accepting and sharing actual production data online, without interfering with production progress) should be completed as soon as possible and Related hardware configuration;
活动11：跟踪记录生产数据，刚开始获取的数据要尽量全面，宁可多余也不要遗漏； Activity 11: Track and record production data. The data obtained at the beginning should be as comprehensive as possible, rather than being redundant or missing;
活动12：根据确定的测试目标范围，修改数据获取程序，去掉无关的数据项，以减少系统负荷压力； Activity 12: According to the determined test target range, modify the data acquisition program and remove irrelevant data items to reduce system load pressure;
活动13：在被动机制下跟踪记录实际系统生产历史数据，不管是正常工况、事故状态或是开工的过程中，要尽量不间断； Activity 13: Track and record the actual system production history data under the passive mechanism, no matter it is normal working condition, accident state or the process of starting work, try to be uninterrupted;
活动14：处理实际生产历史数据库，原始的实际生产参数历史数据库在用于测试前，需要滤除失真干扰数据、滤除“重复”数据、数据分类、数据格式转换，最后得到测试准备数据库(也就是用于测试的实际生产参数历史数据库)。 Activity 14: Process the actual production historical database. Before the original actual production parameter historical database is used for testing, it is necessary to filter out distorted interference data, filter out "duplicate" data, data classification, and data format conversion, and finally get the test preparation database (also is the historical database of actual production parameters used for testing).
（3）测试的组织与实施过程： (3) Organization and implementation process of the test:
活动5：确定测试目标范围； Activity 5: Determine the test target scope;
活动6：制定测试计划； Activity 6: Develop a test plan;
活动7：设计主动测试用例； Activity 7: Design active test cases;
活动8：设计被动测试用例、设计主动被动混合测试用例；前置任务包括完成测试计划及具备数据量充分的实际生产参数历史数据库；对于每一项测试需求，先明确本测试需求项对应的测试通过标准，按合理的测试方法设计测试用例，但其中输入数据只提出条件范围；对测试准备数据库中数据进行搜索，从中找出符合条件范围的数据，作为测试用例的测试输入数据；并从对应的数据中获取测试用例的期望输出数据或测试通过标准；如果测试准备数据库中没有符合要求的数据，对测试方法调整或者数据条件范围尽量扩宽，再去搜索测试准备数据库；如果测试准备数据库中仍然没有符合要求的数据，需要对欠缺数据再进行针对性的数据挖掘； Activity 8: Design passive test cases, design active-passive hybrid test cases; pre-tasks include completing the test plan and having a historical database of actual production parameters with sufficient data; for each test requirement, first clarify the test corresponding to the test requirement item Pass the standard and design test cases according to reasonable test methods, but the input data only proposes the condition range; search the data in the test preparation database, find out the data that meets the condition range, and use it as the test input data of the test case; and from the corresponding Obtain the expected output data of the test case or the test passing standard from the data in the test case; if there is no data that meets the requirements in the test preparation database, adjust the test method or expand the range of data conditions as much as possible, and then search the test preparation database; There is still no data that meets the requirements, and it is necessary to conduct targeted data mining for the lack of data;
活动9：测试实施； Activity 9: Test implementation;
活动15：经过对测试记录分析处理后完成测试结果报告； Activity 15: Complete the test result report after analyzing and processing the test records;
活动16：依据仿真精度方面的bug（缺陷），修改仿真数学模型； Activity 16: Modify the simulation mathematical model according to the bug (defect) in simulation accuracy;
活动17：当项目状态满足终止条件时，结束项目。 Activity 17: End the project when the project status meets the termination condition.
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