CN102950424A - Preparation method of LD steel cold roll ejector for small-pore stainless seamless pipe - Google Patents
Preparation method of LD steel cold roll ejector for small-pore stainless seamless pipe Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of an LD steel cold roll ejector for a small-pore stainless seamless pipe. The preparation method includes: blanking, preheating, rough machining with lathe, fine machining, thermal treatment and precision machining. By modifying feeding amount and uniform reserving allowance parameters of outer conical surface in the rough grinding procedure in fine machining, feeding amount parameters in the fine grinding procedure, and process parameters in the super grinding procedure of precision machining, the preparation method is reasonable in process, simple and practical.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metallurgy, machinery industry and produce the special-purpose cold rolling top production field of seamless steel pipe, be specifically related to a kind of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe with the preparation method of cold rolling top.
Background technology
Seamless steel pipe is common metallurgical metallic article, and the aperture seamless alloy tube is the high-end product in the seamless steel pipe, and aperture (steel tube inner hole diameter) is generally less than 20mm, is applied to special dimension, and technology content and production difficulty are higher.In the seamless steel tube production, cold deformation processing is main production process; Cold rolling production is the cold deformation processing mode that extensively adopts.
Two roller cold-rolling pilger mills are seamless steel pipe cold-rolling equipments commonly used at present, the top is main rolling deformation instrument, adopt the top round with the from large to small numerous containing that is combined to form of pass, realize cold deformation (extruding metal) processing to seamless steel pipe; Wherein the top is the conical elongated metallic bars with curve, and material is selected tool steel or mould steel usually, is installed on the plug, is used for seamless steel pipe internal wall (interior hole shape) flow of metal processing; Pass all passes through heat-treatment quenching with the top, has jointly formed the warp tool of the cold rolling production of seamless steel pipe, and coupling is indispensable mutually.
The top is according to using function usually to be divided into linkage section, changeover portion, deformation section, sizing section, Strain During Finishing Stage; Linkage section Surface Machining closely-pitched angular thread is used for coming directly towards connection and is fixed on plug; Changeover portion is turbination, is used for evenly seamlessly transitting of linkage section and deformation section; Deformation section is that length is longer, is generally 2/3 of top total length, is used for the metal homogeneous deformation of pipe by several (common more than 20, maximum 40) the continuity curve that consists of of the point of different-diameter from large to small; Sizing section is by two continuity curves of consisting of of the point of different-diameter from large to small, be shorter in length than deformation section, be generally 1/6 of top total length, be used for the accurate distortion of steel pipe inner wall, determine wall thickness, guarantee that with the sizing section of pass the external diameter of steel pipe meets specification requirement; It is terminal that Strain During Finishing Stage is in the top, is by two continuity curves of consisting of of the point of different-diameter from large to small, is used for that the circularity of pipe guarantees that the common thread mill drilling of Strain During Finishing Stage core is used for installing and draws rod behind the sizing.
According to different rolling specs, there are corresponding processing dimension and required precision in the top; Because the job specification of top has determined that its surface curve must reach continuity, uniformity, slickness, the no concave-convex hollow is so usually adopt grinding as the fine finishining mode of top.The structural representation of top is seen Fig. 1, and the curve data table of existing new No. 13 tops sees Table 1..
The new No. 13 top curve data tables of table 1
| Extension position | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 |
| Diameter | 25.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 | 24.24 | 23.49 | 22.79 | 22.15 | 21.55 | 20.99 | 20.48 |
| Extension position | D11 | D12 | D13 | D14 | D15 | D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 |
| Diameter | 20.00 | 19.56 | 19.15 | 18.76 | 18.38 | 18.01 | 17.66 | 17.31 | 16.99 | 16.67 |
| Extension position | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 | D27 | D28 | D29 | D30 |
| Diameter | 16.36 | 16.07 | 15.78 | 15.51 | 15.29 | 14.98 | 14.74 | 14.50 | 14.27 | 14.04 |
| Extension position | D31 | D32 | D33 | D34 | D35 | D36 | D37 | D38 | D39 | D40 |
| Diameter | 13.82 | 13.61 | 13.41 | 13.21 | 13.01 | 12.82 | 12.63 | 12.46 | 12.34 | 14.25 |
The top is the slender axles with curve, the end machining screw, and surface heat is processed, and the top material is mould steel.Top processing needs through manufacturing procedures such as material preparation, blanking, lathe, grinding machine, heat treatments.Aperture stainless steel aviation seamless pipe is that present enterprise is that satisfying the market needs products newly developed, and this model seamless steel pipe specification is generally φ 15*142mm, so cold rolling Length Ratio (work draw ratio) with coming directly towards is 750/13; The top material is LD steel (7Cr7Mo5V2Si).
Illustrate: the LD rigidity can be good, strength and toughness is the twice of general cold work die steel, has good wear-resisting, intensity, toughness, quenching degree, non-oxidizability and erosion resistant ability are all better, belong to high strength, high-ductility alloy mould steel, the needs that can adapt to the high speed tube rolling are mainly for the manufacture of larger high-strength tenacity and the anti abrasive all kinds of cold-work die of requiring that meet with stresses.
At present the processing method of cold rolling top, small-bore mainly contains three kinds, that is: (1) digitlization Cutter Body Processing with Machining Center, the processing of (2) Digit Control Machine Tool, the processing of (3) machine tool.
(1) digitlization Cutter Body Processing with Machining Center: the digitlization Cutter Body Processing with Machining Center is used existing digitlization machining center exactly, with the round steel blank after surely cutting, work in-process adopts multiple operation, repeatedly cutting in the heart, one machined moulding (not containing heat treatment), have the advantages such as machining accuracy height, speed is fast, lumber recovery is secure, shortcoming is that processing cost is high, and equipment investment is many.
(2) Digit Control Machine Tool processing: Digit Control Machine Tool processing is exactly to adopt single Digit Control Machine Tool (lathe, grinding machine etc.), multiple clamping, repeatedly processing, processing is until moulding (not containing heat treatment) successively, it is higher to have machining accuracy, rely on programme-control to need not copying template (pattern) as machining benchmark, shortcoming is strong to procedure dependency, programs easily to make mistakes with the input program complex operation;
(3) machine tool processing: be exactly the multiple lathe of machine tool (lathe, copying lathe, planer, grinding machine etc.), multiple clamping, repeatedly processing, processing is until moulding (not containing heat treatment) successively, it is low to have equipment requirement, can realize that multistation (operation) coordinates to carry out, be easy to process the advantages such as operation, shortcoming is to adopt copying template (pattern) as machining benchmark, copying template (pattern) is had relatively high expectations, higher to machine operation personnel specification requirement, and working (machining) efficiency is low, lumber recovery is low.
In sum, the technical problem in " aperture stainless steel aviation seamless pipe with the cold rolling top of the LD steel " processing (preparation) is:
1) adopts because the slender axles band curve external form of cold rolling top, common process equipment and technology method can not satisfy the processing request of LD steel, that is: the work draw ratio is between 25-40, average out to is more than 30, belong to the thin and long shafts workpiece, be processed with difficulty at engine lathe, coming directly towards simultaneously bus is curve, can not use follow-rest, poor rigidity during cutting, easily vibrations, crooked, distortion, difficulty of processing is large, CF7112 type forming lathe complex structure commonly used, expense is high, bulky, can only adopt the interpolation copying device to process to guarantee crudy, and cutting output is restricted, process velocity is slow, operation is loaded down with trivial details, and lumber recovery is low;
2) rough surface requires high, be equivalent to 0.8, the dimensional accuracy franchise is ± 0.01mm, the stock trick art requires very high, last fine finishining can only select grinding machine to finish, and plain external grinding machine can only the grinding continuous level, the conical surface, the grinding continuous curve surface must increase profiling servicing unit guarantee crudy;
3) lathe and grinding machine all need to add auxiliary copying device, and employing rigidity pattern method commonly used, because the top dimensions is many, curve differs, it is high to need to prepare polylith master plate (copying template) cost, and pattern is owned by France in the rigidity contact, and pattern is easy to wear, the Worker's Stadium precision after the processing is lower, can not satisfy specification requirement;
4) digitlization Cutter Body Processing with Machining Center precision is high, efficient is high, but processing cost is higher, buys voluntarily once to invest too highly, and the regular maintenance expense is not low afterwards, if external processing top processing charges is high, cycle length can not satisfy the rhythm of production needs, and there is the technical data hidden danger that leaks;
5) Digit Control Machine Tool processing machining accuracy is higher, working (machining) efficiency is higher than machine tool and is lower than the digitlization machining center, need not copying template (pattern), but strong to procedure dependency, program loaded down with trivial details (needing to calculate the each point key node of measuring continuous curve surface), be easy to make mistakes during the program input.
Therefore, with regard to present process technology, all there is certain deficiency in " aperture stainless steel aviation seamless pipe with the cold rolling top of LD steel ", needs could satisfy need of production by optimizing machining technology (preparation) technique.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides the preparation method that a kind of working (machining) efficiency is high, cost aperture stainless steel seamless pipe low, that need not programme is used the cold rolling top of LD steel.
Technical scheme of the present invention is, a kind of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe comprises blanking, in advance heat treatment, lathe roughing, retrofit, heat treatment and Precision Machining with the preparation method of the cold rolling top of LD steel, and the method key step is as follows:
(1) in described lathe roughing, with lathe and profiling processing mechanism processing top basic forming; At profiling processing mechanism template place, installation curve comes directly towards as template, and the original position of proofreading and correct lathe tool with the top blank, rough turn top profile;
(2) retrofit: the top after the roughing is behind half finish turning, heat treatment and aligning, respectively through corase grind and correct grinding; Described corase grind is to adopt directly to advance method segmentation corase grind profile, the depth of cut 0.05～0.10mm, and surplus 0.20-0.30mm is all put on the outer cone surface, and every section light requirement degree of slipping over connects; Described correct grinding is the top vertical hanging after the corase grind to be placed eliminate machining stress, and the depth of cut is 0.01～0.03mm;
(3) Precision Machining: be divided into surpassing and grind and polished for two steps; Described super mill is the top vertical hanging behind the correct grinding to be placed eliminate machining stress the super dimensional requirement, the depth of cut 0.005～0.01mm of being milled to; Described polishing is that top cylindrical continuous curve surface is polished.
In step (1), preferably adopting large anterior angle is the lathe tool of 20-40 degree, is easy to machining and lifts not, and optimum is that angle is 30 degree.
In the correct grinding step of step (2), general correct grinding is to leaving the about 0.05mm of surplus (because the diameter dimension of each section of top is different, institute's made allowance is for to add 0.05mm in this section diameter actual size, (because the diameter dimension of each section of top is different, so-called tolerance is exactly the departure≤0.01mm) of each section diameter dimension after the processing to tolerance 0.01mm; Correct grinding is that the top vertical hanging after the corase grind is placed, and is for natural distortion, eliminates machining stress, generally needs to hang about 48 hours, such as 40-60 hour, is advisable with 48 hours.The preferred 0.05mm of the depth of cut of corase grind, the preferred 0.01mm of the depth of cut of correct grinding., the surface roughness of correct grinding step is Ra0.2.
In the super mill step of step (3), and super mill tolerance 0.01mm (departure of each section diameter dimension after namely processing≤0.01mm); To come directly towards vertical hanging in the super mill step also is for natural distortion, eliminates machining stress, generally needs to hang about 24 hours, such as 20-30 hour, is advisable with 24 hours.The preferred 0.005mm of the depth of cut of super mill, surface roughness is Ra0.2.The surface of polished roughness is Ra0.1.
According to the preparation method of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe of the present invention with the cold rolling top of LD steel, be preferably, described profiling processing mechanism is the counterweight profiling processing mechanism, described counterweight profiling processing mechanism mainly is comprised of positioning support mechanism, profiling balance weight mechanism, roller rotating mechanism, stencil master element, described positioning support mechanism is used for stencil master is fixed on guide ways on lathe bed, and described profiling balance weight mechanism is installed in lathe middle carriage end face.
The present invention can adopt hydraulic tracing control mechanism, hydraulic tracing control mechanism is prior art, mainly contain hydraulic system and copying system and form, wherein hydraulic system is comprised of elements such as hydraulic cylinder, fuel tank, reversal valve, pipeline, filter, Pressure gauges, adopts electrical control; Element forms feeler mechanism by profiling bearing, profiling mould, locating centre, walking be top etc.Its operation principle is exactly the tool track that copying system provides lathe tools, and the control cutter is walked along profiling mould, realizes precision processing rapidly and efficiently; Hydraulic system provides pressure, makes cutter under the control of hydraulic coupling, the running orbit walking (feed) that provides along copying system.The hydraulic tracing control technology is the blank of Digit Control Machine Tool, improves a little to cooperate the PLC control system just can become economical NC machine tool (also being called simple nc).Be characterized in simple and compact for structure, easy operating is safeguarded, good stability, but the leakage problem of hydraulic oil is the chronic disease of hydraulic system, and the cleannes of hydraulic oil require high, comparatively clean, vibrate little occasion so be applicable to environment, and the oil suction facility is set around fuel tank simultaneously.When adopting hydraulic tracing control mechanism, be at hydraulic tracing control mechanism template place, installation curve come directly towards as template (pattern), and with the original position of top blank correction lathe tool.
As individual preferred embodiment, the present invention can also adopt the counterweight feeler mechanism.The counterweight copying device is the technological improvement that utilizes gravity principle that machine tool is implemented, and adopts counterweight replacement liquid pressure, mainly is comprised of elements such as positioning support mechanism, profiling balance weight mechanism, roller rotating mechanism, stencil masters; Positioning support mechanism is used for stencil master is fixed on guide ways on lathe bed, the profiling balance weight mechanism is installed in lathe middle carriage end face, the adhesive force of control roller and stencil master under Action of Gravity Field, roller travel mechanism is installed on the lathe middle carriage, is used for the profiling feed; Template arranges and changes according to different curved surface specifications, directly is placed in the positioning support mechanism, is fixed by fixed block, is used for the shape of control curved surface; The counterweight copying device is installed on the bed ways of common C-620 lathe and the middle carriage and uses, and realizes radially and axial interlock machining, is used for the machining of the surperficial continuous curve surface in cold rolling top.Be characterized in compact conformation, working service is convenient, selects the counterweight amount according to the workpiece needs, be easy to control, than hydraulic tracing control mechanism have that investment is little, cost is low, without advantages such as leakage pollutions, stability is near hydraulic tracing control mechanism, and larger to the improvement implementation of machine tool.
Preferably, the middle carriage at described lathe is equipped with emery wheel mechanism.This emery wheel mechanism can be implemented on the lathe can turning, again can grinding.
According to the preparation method of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe of the present invention with the cold rolling top of LD steel, be preferably, in described lathe roughing, surplus 3.5-4.5mm is all put in control, and surface roughness is Ra12.5.
Further, in the described half finish turning operation of step (2), the depth of cut is not more than 2mm, all puts surplus 1.0-1.2mm, and surface roughness is Ra3.2.Be 0.5mm-2mm as the depth of cut.Half finish turning operation is installed large anterior angle half finish turning lathe tool, and angle is easy to machining and lifts not when 20-40 spends, more optimizedly γ=30 degree.
Preferably, described in advance heat treated heating-up temperature is 840-860 ℃.
After half finish turning step, can also comprise the planing step.The flat body of shaping machine planing top changeover portion technique, spanner flat locking when being used for the dismounting of on-the-spot top.
After being machined to a stage, product is tested.As can after the planing step, arranging checking procedure, require check top machining situation according to technology, emphasis is the machining accuracy (linearity, conicity) of continuous curve surface and leaves the surplus number that changeover portion knocks steel seal in the top, numbering.
After half finish turning step, can arrange heat treatment step, operation is heat-treated in the top of half finish turning machine-shaping, adopt vacuum furnace to carry out.Preferably, described Technology for Heating Processing comprises primary quenching, three high temperings.Adopt the vertical mode of heating in top during heat treatment, namely adopt special-purpose cock suspender, be screwed in top end face M12*1.5 screwed hole vertical hanging (reducing the distortion after heating); The Technology for Heating Processing model is :+three tempering of quenching.See Fig. 2 and Fig. 4.
Further, described heat treated quenching technical is: 540-560 ℃, twice preheating of 840-860 ℃ temperature section, twice preheating insulation time is all 10-15 minute, 1100～1150 ℃ the insulation 10-15 minute after oil cooling or air cooling, HRC62～64; Described tempering process is: 530～570 ℃ of insulations 50-70 minute, HR ℃ 59～62.
Further, described Technology for Heating Processing also can comprise the end differential annealing one time.One time the end differential annealing is to end, top differential annealing, reduces the hardness of top afterbody, is used for the afterbody cutted thread processing of subsequent handling top.Annealing process is seen Fig. 3.
Preferably, then described annealing process 835-850 ℃ of lower insulation 27-33 minute, cooled to 530～570 ℃ at 11-13 hour for to be heated to 835-850 ℃ in 27-33 minute, and air cooling is to room temperature subsequently.
After the heat treatment, require check top heat treatment process situation according to technology, emphasis is hardness and the flexibility after the heat treatment.
Cutting thread is generally carried out behind aligning.As adopt the C6140 lathe, adopt the direct installation way of scroll chuck, finish turning M14*1.5 external screw thread, 7 grades of precision.
The present invention is by providing the preparation method of kind of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe with the cold rolling top of LD steel, machine tool is combined with the advantage of Digit Control Machine Tool, utilize hydraulic tracing control mechanism, by being made up by processing technologys such as sawing machine, lathe, forming lathe, cylindrical grinder, numerically control grinder, polishing and heat treatments, be implemented in the purpose of the cold rolling top of the effective LD steel of stainless steel jointless, machining small footpath on the universal machine process equipment, effectively improve the processing lumber recovery, reduce production costs, reduce process time, satisfy the needs of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe seamless steel tube production.The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. technique is reasonable, and operation is compact, and is practical;
2. simple to operate, working service is convenient, and machining accuracy is high, and is safe and efficient;
3. adopt hydraulic tracing control mechanism, simple and easy to do, efficient is high, precision good;
4, further can adopt the counterweight feeler mechanism to replace hydraulic tracing control mechanism, without leaking, select the counterweight amount according to the workpiece needs, be easy to control;
4. adopt the collaborative processing of universal machine tools and numerically control grinder, reduce production costs and equipment investment;
5. highly versatile has certain reference, using value to close elongated shape Machining of Shaft-type Parts;
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of top, small-bore.
Among the figure, 1. linkage section, 2. changeover portion, 3. deformation section, 4. sizing section, 5. Strain During Finishing Stage.
Fig. 2 is heat treatment quenching process figure.
Fig. 3 is the heat-treatment of annealing artwork.
Fig. 4 is the tempering heat treatment artwork.
Fig. 5 lathe feeler mechanism structural representation.
Fig. 6 be among Fig. 5 A to cutaway view.
Fig. 7 is lathe copying device working state schematic representation.
Among the figure, 6-positioning support mechanism, 7-profiling balance weight mechanism, 8-roller rotating mechanism, 9-stencil master, 10-head of a bed gear-box, the 11-lathe chuck, 12-top to be processed, 13-lathe tailstock, 14-lathe cutting device, the 15-lathe carriage, 16-lathe vehicle body, 17-positioning support mechanism supporting base, supporting plate in the 18-lathe.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Certain iron company steel tube factory, implement a kind of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe provided by the present invention preparation method of the cold rolling top of LD steel, being used for specification is the cold rolling top of the LD steel machining of certain model nuclear power usefulness stainless steel seamless pipe of 15*1.42, it is characterized in that: formed by sawing machine, lathe, forming lathe, cylindrical grinder, numerically control grinder, polishing and heat-treatment processing process, that is:
Process model is: blanking (Cutting Length, sawing machine) → in advance heat treatment (stress relief annealing) → rough turn (shape molding, the C6140 lathe) → half (continuous curve surface is contoured finish turning, the C6140 lathe) → dig flat body (the flat body of technique, the B650 planer) → check (beating steel seal) → heat treatment (1 quenching, 3 high temperings, 1 differential annealing) → check (hardness, flexibility) → aligning → cutting thread (external screw thread, C620 lathe) → corase grind (M131 cylindrical grinder) → correct grinding (H160 numerically control grinder) → super mill (H160 numerically control grinder) → polishing (C620 lathe and special glazing machine) → check warehouse-in that oils.
The invention provides a kind of small dimension stainless steel aviation seamless pipe with the preparation method of the cold rolling top of LD steel, include following job step, that is:
1) blanking: adopt sawing machine, the LD round steel of φ 35mm is vertically cut surely every segment length 751mm;
2) in advance heat treatment: exactly the blank round steel is carried out stress relief annealing, purpose is the internal stress of eliminating in the round rolling production, improve its mechanical performance, be easy to machining, require 850 ± 10 ℃ of heating-up temperatures, evenly ,≤40 ℃/h temperature control is cooled to 500 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove, and sees accompanying drawing 2-2 for details in heating (thoroughly burning);
3) rough turn (one): adopt the C6140 lathe, according to specification requirement the top blank is carried out rough turn machining, that is: the flat long 750mm of both ends of the surface, one end bores φ 5mm centre bore, the other end bores and attacks the M6*1 screw thread, screw thread effective depth 30mm, and bore and revise 60 degree center holes; One top, one folder mode clamping turning processing M14*1.5 thread segment, outside diameter φ 20mm, length 37mm;
4) rough turn (two): adopt C6140 lathe and counterweight feeler mechanism to combination rough turning processing top basic forming, counterweight 12KG, that is: top tune (changing direction), one top, one folder mode clamping, scroll chuck folder φ 30mm place, the active top top of Mohs 5# M6*1 screwed hole (60 degree circular cone chamfering place) is installed the YT15 billmpse tool; At counterweight feeler mechanism template place, the curve top of φ 15*1.42 is installed as template (pattern), and the original position of proofreading and correct lathe tool with the top blank, because the Workpiece length ratio is 750/13, belong to slender axles, and working bus bar is curve, and poor rigidity can not be used follow-rest, is the lathe tool of 30 degree so adopt large anterior angle; Rough turn top profile is all put surplus 3.5-4.5mm, and surface roughness is 12.5;
As shown in Figure 5, the counterweight feeler mechanism mainly is comprised of elements such as positioning support mechanism 6, profiling balance weight mechanism 7, roller rotating mechanism 8, stencil masters 9; Positioning support mechanism 6 is used for stencil master 7 is fixed on guide ways on lathe bed, profiling balance weight mechanism 7 is installed in lathe middle carriage 18 end faces, the adhesive force of control roller and stencil master under Action of Gravity Field, roller travel mechanism is installed on the lathe middle carriage 18, is used for the profiling feed; Template arranges and changes according to different curved surface specifications, directly is placed in the positioning support mechanism 6, is fixed by fixed block, is used for the shape of control curved surface; The counterweight copying device is installed on the bed ways of common C-620 lathe and the middle carriage and uses, and realizes radially and axial interlock machining, is used for the machining of the surperficial continuous curve surface in cold rolling top.
5) half finish turning: adopt C6140 lathe and counterweight feeler mechanism to combination half finish turning processing top basic forming, large anterior angle half finish turning lathe tool is installed, γ=30 degree, the depth of cut is not more than 2mm, all puts surplus 1.0-1.2mm, and surface roughness is 3.2;
6) planing: adopt the flat body of B650 shaping machine planing top changeover portion technique, spanner flat locking when being used for the dismounting of on-the-spot top;
7) check (): require check top machining situation according to technology, emphasis is the machining accuracy (linearity, conicity) of continuous curve surface and leaves the surplus number that changeover portion knocks steel seal in the top, numbering;
8) heat treatment: operation is heat-treated in the top of half finish turning machine-shaping, that is: adopt vacuum furnace to carry out primary quenching, three high temperings, an end differential annealing (purpose cutting thread), adopt the vertical mode of heating in top during heat treatment, namely adopt special-purpose cock suspender, be screwed in top end face M12*1.5 screwed hole vertical hanging (reducing the distortion after heating); The Technology for Heating Processing model is :+three tempering of quenching, that is: and 550 ℃, 850 ℃ twice preheatings during quenching, 1100～1150 ℃ of oil coolings or air cooling, HRC62～64 are seen accompanying drawing 2 for details; 530～570 ℃ of * 1h three times during tempering, and HRC59～62 are seen accompanying drawing 4 for details;
9) check (two): require check top heat treatment process situation according to technology, emphasis is hardness and the flexibility after the heat treatment;
10) aligning: adopt the artificial mode that combines with mechanical device, operation is aligned in the top after the heat treatment, improve its linearity, satisfy lower passage grinding requirement;
11) cutting thread: adopt the C6140 lathe, adopt the direct installation way of scroll chuck, finish turning M14*1.5 external screw thread, 7 grades of precision;
12) corase grind: adopt the M131 cylindrical grinder to require the corase grind top according to technology, adopt and directly advance method segmentation corase grind profile, the depth of cut is not more than 0.10mm, and surplus 0.20-0.30mm is all put on the outer cone surface, and every section light requirement degree of slipping over connects;
13) correct grinding: (purpose is the nature distortion after 48 hours in top vertical hanging placement after the corase grind, eliminate machining stress), adopt the H160 numerical control external cylindrical grinding machine to require the correct grinding top according to technology, employing is numbered the O3333 program, correct grinding is to leaving surplus 0.05mm, and the depth of cut is not more than 0.03mm, and is fixed through section size φ 12.25mm, surface roughness is 0.2, tolerance 0.01mm;
14) surpass mill: (purpose is the nature distortion after 24 hours in top vertical hanging placement behind the correct grinding, eliminate machining stress), adopt the H160 numerical control external cylindrical grinding machine to require super mill top according to technology, employing is numbered the O3333 program, super be milled to dimensional requirement, the depth of cut is not more than 0.01mm, and is fixed through section size φ 12.20mm, surface roughness is 0.2, tolerance 0.01mm;
15) polishing: adopt the C620 lathe mode that combines with special glazing machine to implement polishing to coming directly towards the surface, to come directly towards and adopt a top one folder mode clamping on the C620 lathe, start the rotation of lathe top, with special gas dynamic formula belt sander, adopt the smart top cylindrical continuous curve surface of throwing in the accurate abrasive band of 120#, surface roughness is 0.1;
16) checking the warehouse-in that oils: tests in the top after the processing, precision, linearity and the hardness of emphasis check cylindrical continuous curve surface, grease on the top after the assay was approved (preventing corrosion), adopt special-purpose cock suspender behind the warehouse-in, be screwed in top end face M12*1.5 screwed hole vertical hanging (preventing distortion).
Embodiment 2
Certain iron company steel tube factory, implement a kind of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe provided by the present invention preparation method of the cold rolling top of LD steel, being used for specification is the cold rolling top of the LD steel machining of certain model stainless steel for aviation seamless pipe of 19*1.5, it is characterized in that: formed by sawing machine, lathe, forming lathe, cylindrical grinder, numerically control grinder, polishing and heat-treatment processing process, that is:
Process model is: blanking (Cutting Length, sawing machine) → in advance heat treatment (stress relief annealing) → rough turn (shape molding, the C6140 lathe) → half (continuous curve surface is contoured finish turning, the C6140 lathe) → dig flat body (the flat body of technique, the B650 planer) → check (beating steel seal) → heat treatment (1 quenching, 3 high temperings, 1 differential annealing) → check (hardness, flexibility) → aligning → cutting thread (external screw thread, C620 lathe) → corase grind (M131 cylindrical grinder) → correct grinding (H160 numerically control grinder) → super mill (H160 numerically control grinder) → polishing (C620 lathe and special glazing machine) → check warehouse-in that oils.
The invention provides a kind of small dimension stainless steel aviation seamless pipe with the preparation method of the cold rolling top of LD steel, include following job step, that is:
1) blanking: adopt sawing machine, the LD round steel of φ 40mm is vertically cut surely every segment length 751mm;
2) in advance heat treatment: exactly the blank round steel is carried out stress relief annealing, purpose is the internal stress of eliminating in the round rolling production, improve its mechanical performance, be easy to machining, require 850 ± 10 ℃ of heating-up temperatures, evenly ,≤40 ℃/h temperature control is cooled to 500 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove, and sees accompanying drawing 2-2 for details in heating (thoroughly burning);
3) rough turn (one): adopt the C6140 lathe, according to specification requirement the top blank is carried out rough turn machining, that is: the flat long 750mm of both ends of the surface, one end bores φ 5mm centre bore, the other end bores and attacks the M8*1 screw thread, screw thread effective depth 30mm, and bore and revise 60 degree center holes; One top, one folder mode clamping turning processing M18*1.5 thread segment, outside diameter φ 20mm, length 37mm;
4) rough turn (two): adopt C6140 lathe and hydraulic tracing control mechanism to combination rough turning processing top basic forming, counterweight 18KG, that is: top tune (changing direction), one top, one folder mode clamping, scroll chuck folder φ 30mm place, the active top top of Mohs 5# M12*1.5 screwed hole (60 degree circular cone chamfering place) is installed the YT15 billmpse tool; At hydraulic tracing control mechanism template place, the curve top of φ 19*1.5 is installed as template (pattern), and the original position of proofreading and correct lathe tool with the top blank, because the Workpiece length ratio is 750/13, belong to slender axles, and working bus bar is curve, and poor rigidity can not be used follow-rest, is the lathe tool of 30 degree so adopt large anterior angle; Start the hydraulic pressure profile modeling mechanism, adjusting pressure is 4 kilograms, and rough turn top profile is all put surplus 3.5-4.5mm, and surface roughness is 12.5;
5) half finish turning: adopt C6140 lathe and hydraulic tracing control mechanism to combination half finish turning processing top basic forming, large anterior angle half finish turning lathe tool is installed, γ=30 degree, depth of cut 1mm is all put surplus 1.0-1.2mm, and surface roughness is 3.2;
6) planing: adopt the flat body of B650 shaping machine planing top changeover portion technique, spanner flat locking when being used for the dismounting of on-the-spot top;
7) check (): require check top machining situation according to technology, emphasis is the machining accuracy (linearity, conicity) of continuous curve surface and leaves the surplus number that changeover portion knocks steel seal in the top, numbering;
8) heat treatment: operation is heat-treated in the top of half finish turning machine-shaping, that is: adopt vacuum furnace to carry out primary quenching, three high temperings, an end differential annealing (purpose cutting thread), adopt the vertical mode of heating in top during heat treatment, namely adopt special-purpose cock suspender, be screwed in top end face M8*1 screwed hole vertical hanging (reducing the distortion after heating); The Technology for Heating Processing model is :+three tempering of quenching, that is: and 560 ℃, 855 ℃ twice preheatings during quenching, 1100～1150 ℃ of oil coolings or air cooling, HRC62～64 are seen accompanying drawing 2 for details; 530～570 ℃ of * 1h three times during tempering, and HRC59～62 are seen accompanying drawing 4 for details;
9) check (two): require check top heat treatment process situation according to technology, emphasis is hardness and the flexibility after the heat treatment;
10) aligning: adopt the artificial mode that combines with mechanical device, operation is aligned in the top after the heat treatment, improve its linearity, satisfy lower passage grinding requirement;
11) cutting thread: adopt the C6140 lathe, adopt the direct installation way of scroll chuck, finish turning M14*1.5 external screw thread, 7 grades of precision;
12) corase grind: adopt the M131 cylindrical grinder to require the corase grind top according to technology, adopt and directly advance method segmentation corase grind profile, depth of cut 0.05mm, surplus 0.20-0.30mm is all put on the outer cone surface, and every section light requirement degree of slipping over connects;
13) correct grinding: (purpose is the nature distortion after 48 hours in top vertical hanging placement after the corase grind, eliminate machining stress), adopt the H160 numerical control external cylindrical grinding machine to require the correct grinding top according to technology, employing is numbered the O4444 program, correct grinding is to leaving surplus 0.05mm, and depth of cut 0.02mm decides through section size φ 16.12mm, surface roughness is 0.2, tolerance 0.01mm;
14) surpass mill: (purpose is the nature distortion after 24 hours in top vertical hanging placement behind the correct grinding, eliminate machining stress), adopt the H160 numerical control external cylindrical grinding machine to require super mill top according to technology, employing is numbered the O4444 program, super be milled to dimensional requirement, the depth of cut is not more than 0.008mm, and is fixed through section size φ 16.04mm, surface roughness is 0.2, tolerance 0.01mm;
15) polishing: adopt the C620 lathe mode that combines with special glazing machine to implement polishing to coming directly towards the surface, to come directly towards and adopt a top one folder mode clamping on the C620 lathe, start the rotation of lathe top, with special gas dynamic formula belt sander, adopt the smart top cylindrical continuous curve surface of throwing in the accurate abrasive band of 120#, surface roughness is 0.1;
16) checking the warehouse-in that oils: tests in the top after the processing, precision, linearity and the hardness of emphasis check cylindrical continuous curve surface, grease on the top after the assay was approved (preventing corrosion), adopt special-purpose cock suspender behind the warehouse-in, be screwed in top end face M12*1.5 screwed hole vertical hanging (preventing distortion).
Certain iron company steel tube factory, implement a kind of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe provided by the present invention preparation method of the cold rolling top of LD steel, being used for specification is the cold rolling top of the LD steel machining of certain model stainless steel for aviation seamless pipe of 17*1.35, it is characterized in that: formed by sawing machine, lathe, forming lathe, cylindrical grinder, numerically control grinder, polishing and heat-treatment processing process, that is:
Process model is: blanking (Cutting Length, sawing machine) → in advance heat treatment (stress relief annealing) → rough turn (shape molding, the C6140 lathe) → half (continuous curve surface is contoured finish turning, the C6140 lathe) → dig flat body (the flat body of technique, the B650 planer) → check (beating steel seal) → heat treatment (1 quenching, 3 high temperings, 1 differential annealing) → check (hardness, flexibility) → aligning → cutting thread (external screw thread, C620 lathe) → corase grind (M131 cylindrical grinder) → correct grinding (H160 numerically control grinder) → super mill (H160 numerically control grinder) → polishing (C620 lathe and special glazing machine) → check warehouse-in that oils.
The invention provides a kind of small dimension stainless steel aviation seamless pipe with the preparation method of the cold rolling top of LD steel, include following job step, that is:
1) blanking: adopt sawing machine, the LD round steel of φ 40mm is vertically cut surely every segment length 751mm;
2) in advance heat treatment: exactly the blank round steel is carried out stress relief annealing, purpose is the internal stress of eliminating in the round rolling production, improve its mechanical performance, be easy to machining, require 850 ± 10 ℃ of heating-up temperatures, evenly ,≤40 ℃/h temperature control is cooled to 500 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove, and sees accompanying drawing 2-2 for details in heating (thoroughly burning);
3) rough turn (one): adopt the C6140 lathe, according to specification requirement the top blank is carried out rough turn machining, that is: the flat long 750mm of both ends of the surface, one end bores φ 5mm centre bore, the other end bores and attacks the M6*1 screw thread, screw thread effective depth 30mm, and bore and revise 60 degree center holes; One top, one folder mode clamping turning processing M16*1.5 thread segment, outside diameter φ 20mm, length 37mm;
4) rough turn (two): adopt C6140 lathe and counterweight feeler mechanism to combination rough turning processing top basic forming, counterweight 15KG, that is: top tune (changing direction), one top, one folder mode clamping, scroll chuck folder φ 30mm place, the active top top of Mohs 5# M6*1 screwed hole (60 degree circular cone chamfering place) is installed the YT15 billmpse tool; At counterweight feeler mechanism template place, the curve top of φ 17*1.35 is installed as template (pattern), and the original position of proofreading and correct lathe tool with the top blank, because the Workpiece length ratio is 750/13, belong to slender axles, and working bus bar is curve, and poor rigidity can not be used follow-rest, is the lathe tool of 30 degree so adopt large anterior angle; Rough turn top profile is all put surplus 3.5-4.5mm, and surface roughness is 12.5;
5) half finish turning: adopt C6140 lathe and counterweight feeler mechanism to combination half finish turning processing top basic forming, large anterior angle half finish turning lathe tool is installed, γ=30 degree, depth of cut 2mm is all put surplus 1.0-1.2mm, and surface roughness is 3.2;
6) planing: adopt the flat body of B650 shaping machine planing top changeover portion technique, spanner flat locking when being used for the dismounting of on-the-spot top;
7) check (): require check top machining situation according to technology, emphasis is the machining accuracy (linearity, conicity) of continuous curve surface and leaves the surplus number that changeover portion knocks steel seal in the top, numbering;
8) heat treatment: operation is heat-treated in the top of half finish turning machine-shaping, that is: adopt vacuum furnace to carry out primary quenching, three high temperings, an end differential annealing (purpose cutting thread), adopt the vertical mode of heating in top during heat treatment, namely adopt special-purpose cock suspender, be screwed in top end face M6*1 screwed hole vertical hanging (reducing the distortion after heating); The Technology for Heating Processing model is :+three tempering of quenching, that is: and 540 ℃, 845 ℃ twice preheatings during quenching, 1100～1150 ℃ of oil coolings or air cooling, HRC62～64 are seen accompanying drawing 2 for details; 530～570 ℃ of * 1h three times during tempering, and HRC59～62 are seen accompanying drawing 4 for details; Also can carry out one time the end differential annealing, be heated to 835-850 ℃ in 27-33 minute, then 835-850 ℃ of lower insulation 27-33 minute, cool to 530～570 ℃ at 11-13 hour, air cooling is to room temperature subsequently.See Fig. 3 for details.
9) check (two): require check top heat treatment process situation according to technology, emphasis is hardness and the flexibility after the heat treatment;
10) aligning: adopt the artificial mode that combines with mechanical device, operation is aligned in the top after the heat treatment, improve its linearity, satisfy lower passage grinding requirement;
11) cutting thread: adopt the C6140 lathe, adopt the direct installation way of scroll chuck, finish turning M14*1.5 external screw thread, 7 grades of precision;
12) corase grind: adopt the M131 cylindrical grinder to require the corase grind top according to technology, adopt and directly advance method segmentation corase grind profile, the depth of cut is not more than 0.10mm, and surplus 0.20-0.30mm is all put on the outer cone surface, and every section light requirement degree of slipping over connects;
13) correct grinding: (purpose is the nature distortion after 48 hours in top vertical hanging placement after the corase grind, eliminate machining stress), adopt the H160 numerical control external cylindrical grinding machine to require the correct grinding top according to technology, employing is numbered the O5555 program, correct grinding is to leaving surplus 0.05mm, and the depth of cut is not more than 0.03mm, and is fixed through section size φ 14.40mm, surface roughness is 0.2, tolerance 0.01mm;
14) surpass mill: (purpose is the nature distortion after 24 hours in top vertical hanging placement behind the correct grinding, eliminate machining stress), adopt the H160 numerical control external cylindrical grinding machine to require super mill top according to technology, employing is numbered the O5555 program, super be milled to dimensional requirement, the depth of cut is not more than 0.01mm, and is fixed through section size φ 14.34mm, surface roughness is 0.2, tolerance 0.01mm;
15) polishing: adopt the C620 lathe mode that combines with special glazing machine to implement polishing to coming directly towards the surface, to come directly towards and adopt a top one folder mode clamping on the C620 lathe, start the rotation of lathe top, with special gas dynamic formula belt sander, adopt the smart top cylindrical continuous curve surface of throwing in the accurate abrasive band of 120#, surface roughness is 0.1;
16) checking the warehouse-in that oils: tests in the top after the processing, precision, linearity and the hardness of emphasis check cylindrical continuous curve surface, grease on the top after the assay was approved (preventing corrosion), adopt special-purpose cock suspender behind the warehouse-in, be screwed in top end face M12*1.5 screwed hole vertical hanging (preventing distortion).
The invention provides a kind of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe preparation method of the cold rolling top of LD steel, be implemented on the universal machine process equipment and process, satisfy the aperture stainless steel seamless pipe with the processing needs of the cold rolling top of LD steel, effectively improve the processing lumber recovery, reduce production costs, reduce process time.Technique is reasonable, operation is compact, and is practical, and machining accuracy is high, safe and efficient, the processing of employing universal machine tools reduces production costs and equipment investment, adopts hydraulic tracing control mechanism, simple and easy to do efficient is high, highly versatile has certain reference, using value to close elongated shape Machining of Shaft-type Parts, can reduce correlative charges every year more than 150,000 yuan.
Claims (10)
1. the preparation method of the cold rolling top of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe usefulness LD steel comprises blanking, in advance heat treatment, lathe roughing, retrofit, heat treatment and Precision Machining, and it is characterized in that: the method key step is as follows:
(1) in described lathe roughing, with lathe and profiling processing mechanism processing top basic forming; At profiling processing mechanism template place, installation curve comes directly towards as template, and the original position of proofreading and correct lathe tool with the top blank, rough turn top profile;
(2) retrofit: the top after the roughing is behind half finish turning, heat treatment and aligning, respectively through corase grind and correct grinding; Described corase grind is to adopt directly to advance method segmentation corase grind profile, the depth of cut 0.05～0.10mm, and surplus 0.20-0.30mm is all put on the outer cone surface, and every section light requirement degree of slipping over connects; Described correct grinding is the top vertical hanging after the corase grind to be placed eliminate machining stress, and the depth of cut is 0.01～0.03mm;
(3) Precision Machining: be divided into surpassing and grind and polished for two steps; Described super mill is the top vertical hanging behind the correct grinding to be placed eliminate machining stress the super dimensional requirement, the depth of cut 0.005～0.01mm of being milled to; Described polishing is that top cylindrical continuous curve surface is polished.
2. aperture stainless steel seamless pipe according to claim 1 is with the preparation method of the cold rolling top of LD steel, it is characterized in that: described profiling processing mechanism is the counterweight profiling processing mechanism, described counterweight profiling processing mechanism mainly is comprised of positioning support mechanism, profiling balance weight mechanism, roller rotating mechanism, stencil master element, described positioning support mechanism is used for stencil master is fixed on guide ways on lathe bed, and described profiling balance weight mechanism is installed in lathe middle carriage end face.
3. aperture stainless steel seamless pipe according to claim 1 and 2 is with the preparation method of the cold rolling top of LD steel, and it is characterized in that: the middle carriage at described lathe is equipped with emery wheel mechanism.
4. aperture stainless steel seamless pipe according to claim 1 is with the preparation method of the cold rolling top of LD steel, and it is characterized in that: in described lathe roughing, surplus 3.5-4.5mm is all put in control, and surface roughness is Ra12.5.
5. aperture stainless steel seamless pipe according to claim 1 is with the preparation method of the cold rolling top of LD steel, and it is characterized in that: in the described half finish turning operation of step (2), the depth of cut is not more than 2mm, all puts surplus 1.0-1.2mm, and surface roughness is Ra3.2.
6. aperture stainless steel seamless pipe according to claim 1 is with the preparation method of the cold rolling top of LD steel, and it is characterized in that: described in advance heat treated heating-up temperature is 840-860 ℃.
7. aperture stainless steel seamless pipe according to claim 1 is with the preparation method of the cold rolling top of LD steel, and it is characterized in that: described Technology for Heating Processing comprises primary quenching, three high temperings.
8. aperture stainless steel seamless pipe according to claim 7 is with the preparation method of the cold rolling top of LD steel, it is characterized in that: described heat treated quenching technical is: 540-560 ℃, twice preheating of 840-860 ℃ temperature section, twice preheating insulation time is all 10-15 minute, 1100～1150 ℃ the insulation 10-15 minute after oil cooling or air cooling, HRC62～64; Described tempering process is: in 530～570 ℃ of insulations 50-70 minute, HRC59～62.
9. aperture stainless steel seamless pipe according to claim 7 is with the preparation method of the cold rolling top of LD steel, and it is characterized in that: described Technology for Heating Processing comprises the end differential annealing one time.
10. aperture stainless steel seamless pipe according to claim 9 is with the preparation method of the cold rolling top of LD steel, it is characterized in that: described annealing process is for to be heated to 835-850 ℃ in 27-33 minute, then 835-850 ℃ of lower insulation 27-33 minute, cooled to 530～570 ℃ at 11-13 hour, air cooling is to room temperature subsequently.
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| CN103398101A (en) * | 2013-08-12 | 2013-11-20 | 太仓斯普宁精密机械有限公司 | Mechanical part |
| CN103468915A (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2013-12-25 | 常州苏特轴承制造有限公司 | Heat treatment method of high-temperature-resistant rolling needle |
| CN104028960A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2014-09-10 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Method for machining slender wedge-shaped taper filler gauge |
| CN105436817A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2016-03-30 | 通用电气公司 | Combined method for machining workpiece |
| CN108161344A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-06-15 | 江苏远方动力科技有限公司 | A kind of processing method of the path lengths such as high-precision away from interruption hole |
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