CN102943047A - Method for efficiently acquiring grape alga single cells and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for efficiently acquiring grape alga single cells and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for efficiently acquiring grape alga single cells and an application thereof. The method comprises the step of removing partial moisture on the surface of wet alga to let water content of the wet alga be 60-80%. The method has the advantages of simpleness, easiness in operation, low cost, and efficient acquisition of high-activity grape alga single cells, and simultaneously oil extraction is easily carried out on the acquired extracellular tissues.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to microorganism field, relate in particular to the efficient single celled method of acquisition grape algae and application thereof.
Background technology
Along with the shortage of global fossil energy and owing to the environmental problem of using fossil energy to bring, seek the novel alternative energy imperative.Little algae has that biomass is large, growth cycle is short and contain the oil substances high, at CO
2In reduction of discharging and the biofuel exploitation wide DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT is arranged.
Main two types of the biofuel of Available Microalgae exploitation, one class is to utilize the synthetic lipid acid of little algae by esterification production biofuel, because most of little algaes can accumulate a large amount of greases by the lipid acid route of synthesis, therefore these type of research and development thinkings that adopt are developed little algae biodiesel technology more at present; Another kind of is to utilize the synthetic alkanes substance of little algae to produce biological aviation kerosene, and in little algae, hydrocarbons and oil properties that the grape algae is synthesized are closely similar, can replace oil to be used for the production of aviation kerosene.
Aviation kerosene is one of petroleum products originally, is to be in harmonious proportion a kind of transparent liquid that forms by the component such as straight run, hydrocracking and hydrofining and necessary additive.Mainly the hydrocarbon compound by different fractions forms.In the last few years, the demand of China's aviation fuel constantly increased.At present, domestic boat coal consumption amount keeps annual about 13% rate of growth, and far above international 5% growth level, domestic boat coal consumption had reached more than 1,800 ten thousand tons in 2010.China has become the nearly 2,000 ten thousand tons aviation fuel consumption big country of year consumption now, and according to the prediction of relevant international organization, the biological boat of the year two thousand twenty coal will reach 30% of aviation fuel total amount.Present external existing business-like biological aviation kerosene product, and in February, 2012 China the seaworthiness authorization application of first biological aviation kerosene product also formally accepted by Civil Aviation Administration of China.But should biology boat coal be take multiple animal-plant oil as raw material, hydrogen addition technology, catalyst system and the Technology of employing independent research be produced.Still exist raw materials for production limited, complex manufacturing, the high cost problem, the production of carrying out biological aviation kerosene with algae then can overcome these problems to a great extent.
As indicated above, what relatively be suitable for biological aviation kerosene production in the algae is the grape algae.The grape algae has another name called clump grain algae, belong to Chlorophyta, four born of the same parents algae guiding principles, grape algae section, grape Trentepohlia, microscopically, grape algae are the growth of string shape colony, cell pyriform, wide 5-9 μ m, long 9-13 μ m has obvious cell walls, and cell walls divides inside and outside two-layer, internal layer is made of fibrous viscous polysaccharide, skin forms sheath by three layers of thin layer; Frond is embedded in the algae clump, forms layer of transparent or translucent oil film in the periphery.Under transmission electron microscope, as seen, be to be consisted of by the outer wall that continuous cell fission produces round the thick matrix structure of cell base portion, so as to the somatic colony of algae is glued together.Often be that 2 or 4 cells form one group, each colloid funnel is united mutually in central authorities, and all cells are arranged more or less radially.The grape algae is sought monogony with autospore.The product hydrocarbon amount 25%-86% of grape algae, most of hydrocarbon particle are stored in mantle and refraction and continue in the silk, and its distribution may change with cultivation stage.
Though grape algae oil yield rate is high, its poor growth, outdoor breeding easily pollutes, therefore be difficult to be applied on a large scale, the seed selection of good grape algae algae kind is to overcome the key link that the grape algae is applied.And a plurality of cell aggregations are agglomerating in grape algae process of growth, on Stains filament, particularly operate genetic engineering modified being difficult to, and this just needs efficiently to produce the single celled technology of high reactivity grape algae.Traditional single celled method that obtains from cell colony mainly contains Mechanical Crushing, ultrasonication, the methods such as enzymolysis, but these class methods are much larger to cell injury, and the cell quality that obtains is low, and production cost is higher, production efficiency is low, often can not obtain efficiently unicellular, the unicellular often unicellular and protoplastis mixture of acquisition, wherein broken tissue occupies major part.In addition, the structural performance of grape algae shows, most of hydrocarbon particle is stored in the mantle, therefore the frond cell becomes obstacle in grease extracts, how removing frond cell obstacle becomes the gordian technique that improves the grease extraction yield.
Therefore, need in this area to obtain efficiently the method that highly active grape algae is unicellular and the grape gonidium is organized outward.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of method that the grape algae is unicellular and the grape gonidium is organized that obtains outward, can obtain efficiently highly active grape algae by described method unicellular, obtain simultaneously the grape gonidium of having removed frustule and organize outward, to improve the grease extraction yield.
For reaching this purpose, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
The invention provides and a kind ofly efficiently from the grape algae of cell colony growth obtain a large amount of completely and have highly active unicellular method, it is characterized in that, described method comprises the part moisture of removing wet algae frond cell surface.
Method of the present invention can comprise:
(a) collect wet algae frond;
(b) the part moisture of the described frond cell surface of removal;
(c) mixture of the outer tissue of unicellular and born of the same parents of the described frond of formation;
(d) randomly, comprise that also collection is described unicellular.
Method provided by the invention can also comprise:
(a) collect wet algae frond;
(b) the part moisture of the described frond cell surface of removal;
(c) mixture of the outer tissue of unicellular and born of the same parents of the described frond of formation; (e) randomly, collecting described born of the same parents organizes outward; With
(f) randomly, tissue extraction grease outside described born of the same parents.
In the method for the invention, the step of removing the part moisture of described frond cell surface can be at 5-40 ℃, preferred 10-35 ℃, most preferably carries out under 20-30 ℃.
In the method for the invention, available water-absorbing material is removed the part moisture of frond cell surface, and preferably, described water-absorbing material is thieving paper or siccative.
In the method for the invention, can adopt air seasoning place or low-temperature drying equipment to remove the part moisture of frond cell surface.
In the method for the invention, can pass through the 200-400 order, preferred 250-350 order, more preferably 300 mesh sieve thin,tough silk filter to separate described unicellular and described born of the same parents and organize outward.
In the method for the invention, behind the moisture on removal frustule surface, the water content of frond can be 60wt%-80wt%, preferred 65wt%-75wt%, most preferably 70wt%.
In the method for the invention, the step of removing the somatic surface-moisture of algae can be carried out under 5 ℃, 8 ℃, 10 ℃, 12 ℃, 15 ℃, 18 ℃, 20 ℃, 22 ℃, 25 ℃, 28 ℃, 30 ℃, 32 ℃, 35 ℃, 38 ℃ or 40 ℃.
Aspect second, the invention provides the application in extracting of, algae kind nature seed selection genetic engineering modified such as the described method algae culture of first aspect, algae kind, the selection by mutation of algae kind, pigment production or algae grease.
Aspect the 3rd, the invention provides such as the application of the described method of first aspect in biological aviation kerosene is produced.
In this article, water-absorbing material refers to absorb in a large number the material of moisture, refers generally to water-intake rate and surpasses 50% material.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Simple, low-cost, to obtain highly active grape algae efficiently unicellular.Because method of the present invention do not need mechanical mill and supersound process, thereby whole process do not use the equipment such as mechanize, electrification, and cost is low, energy consumption is low.
2. the present invention relies on the cell surface dehydration fully and obtains unicellularly, and cytoactive is high, is conducive to follow-up again cultivation, transgenosis or seed selection work.
3. the outer tissue of born of the same parents that obtains can be relatively easy to carry out grease and extract, because the synthetic grease major part of grape algae is secreted in the outer tissue of born of the same parents, extracts therefore the outer tissue of remaining born of the same parents can be used for grease.
4. grape frustule agglomerate growth, inner cell can't accept light, and the efficiency of light energy utilization is low, yield poorly.And by method of the present invention obtain unicellular when cultivating again, but the Effective Raise efficiency of light energy utilization so that grape algae output obviously increases.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 adopts method of the present invention schematic flow sheet with the outer separate tissue of born of the same parents that the grape algae is unicellular.
Fig. 2 is the grape algae microscope picture that adopts after method of the present invention is processed.
Fig. 3 adopts method of the present invention to obtain the single celled schematic flow sheet of aseptic grape algae.
Fig. 4 adopts method of the present invention to obtain the schematic flow sheet of the outer tissue of born of the same parents and extraction grease.
Fig. 5 uses the growth curve chart that adopts the unicellular and untreated frond of grape algae after method of the present invention is processed to cultivate.
Embodiment
Further specify technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and by embodiment.
Embodiment 1 is the unicellular and outer separate tissue of born of the same parents with the grape algae
The technical scheme of the present embodiment as shown in Figure 1, its concrete steps are:
The frond of cultivating is collected, under 5 ℃, 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃ or 40 ℃, removed the surface-moisture of described frond respectively.When handled frond is less, can adopt clean thieving paper, siccative or other water-absorbing material with frond cell surface part moisture removal; And when processing a large amount of frond, the frond of collecting can be placed on air seasoning place or use low-temperature drying equipment with the part moisture removal of cell surface.
Grape algae frond after processing is put into sterilized substratum or distilled water, and the grape algae is unicellular organizes natural separation outward with born of the same parents, becomes mixture (see figure 2) unicellular and the outer tissue of born of the same parents.Wherein born of the same parents organize the filter membrane of available larger aperture or mesh screen to filter outward to collect, stay in the liquid for the grape algae unicellular, maybe can be by different rotating speeds centrifugation grape algae unicellular and born of the same parents organize outward.
Measured ten groups of water content of removing the moisture frond of cell surface, it is respectively 60.1wt%, 64.8wt%, 68.7wt%, 79.8wt%, 75.2wt%, 77.6wt%, 69.9wt%, 72.4wt%, 71.6wt% and 62.3wt%.
It is unicellular that embodiment 2 obtains aseptic grape algae
The technical scheme of the present embodiment as shown in Figure 3, its concrete steps are as follows:
1. with the 100ml grape algae frond of cultivating, adopt 300 mesh sieve thin,tough silk to collect, under 25 ℃, adopt sterilized qualitative filter paper, with frond cell surface moisture removal;
2. get the grape algae frond of drying of above-mentioned surface, put into the triangular flask of the sterilized 50mlBG11 of being equipped with substratum, place 15min, during shake triangular flask more than 3 times.Behind the 15min, most of frond cell has broken away from colony, with organizing outside the aseptic 300 mesh sieve thin,tough silk filtration removal born of the same parents, collects filtrate under aseptic condition, namely obtains highly active aseptic grape algae single-cell algae liquid.
The composition of BG11 substratum is as shown in table 1.
Table 1BG11 culture medium prescription
| NaNO 3 | 1.5g/l |
| K 2HPO 4·3H 2O | 0.04g/l |
| MgSO 4·7H 2O | 0.075g/l |
| CaCl 2·2H 2O | 0.036g/l |
| Citric acid | 0.006g/l |
| FeCl 3·6H 2O | 0.00315g/l |
| Na 2EDTA·2H 2O | 0.00436g/l |
| Na 2CO 3 | 0.02g/l |
| A 5Trace element * | 1ml |
* A
5The moiety of trace element
Be added in the 1000ml deionized water
| H 3BO 3 | 2.86g |
| MnCl 2·H 2O | 1.81g |
| ZnSO 4·7H 2O | 0.222g |
| CuSO 4·5H 2O | 0.079g |
| Na 2MoO 4·2H 2O | 0.390g |
| Co(NO 3) 2·6H 2O | 0.0494g |
The unicellular seed selection that can be used for genetic engineering modified, good algae kind that the present embodiment obtains or other need to use the single celled situation of grape algae.
Embodiment 3 obtains the outer tissue of born of the same parents and extracts grease
The technical scheme of the present embodiment as shown in Figure 4, its concrete steps are as follows:
1. the grape algae frond of cultivating is collected, under 20 ℃, adopted clean sterilized thieving paper with frond cell surface moisture removal;
2. get the grape algae frond of drying of surface, put into sterilized substratum and suspend again; This moment the grape algae unicellular with the outer separate tissue of born of the same parents, be unicellular and the mixture of the outer tissue of born of the same parents.
3. filter collection grape gonidium with 300 order mesh screens and organize outward, born of the same parents are organized lyophilize outward;
4. getting the volume that the outer tissue of grape gonidium of a certain amount of freeze-drying is placed on tool Telfnon bottle screw cap is in the phial of 15-20ml, adds among the ultrasonic 10-30min of 5-10ml normal hexane, and 3500 leave the heart, collect hexane extract.Throw out is repeated said process more than 2 times, collect all hexane extracts, be transferred in the screw-cap test tube of weighing in advance, then at room temperature with nitrogen normal hexane is dried up, weigh.The difference of quality is the total hydrocarbon quality before and after the screw-cap test tube, calculates the total hydrocarbon percentage composition with following formula:
Total hydrocarbon percentage composition=(total hydrocarbon quality/algae opaque amount) * 100%
Organize dry powder and the somatic total hydrocarbon content of the dried algae of grape algae to compare outward to grape algae powder, grape gonidium, the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2
As can be seen from Table 1, the grape gonidium organizes total hydrocarbon content to reach more than 50% outward, exceed more than 60% of grape algae powder hydrocarbonaceous amount, and grape algae stem cell hydrocarbonaceous amount only is 5%, illustrate that grape algae hydro carbons major part is secreted in the outer tissue of born of the same parents, therefore directly utilize the outer tissue extraction grease of born of the same parents, the grease extraction efficiency is higher.
The unicellular cultivation again of 4 pairs of acquisitions of embodiment
The grape algae algae liquid that is grown in logarithmic phase is passed through filtering and concentrating, and it is unicellular to adopt method of the present invention to obtain, with undressed frond in contrast, the unicellular again culture experiment of carrying out with acquisition: frond is inoculated in the pillar illumination reaction device of the 4cm internal diameter that contains the BG11 substratum, the OD750 value is reached more than 0.1, the 1-2%CO2 air flow, 24h illumination, the culturing process intensity of illumination is controlled at 50-500 μ mol/m2.s, the pH value is adjusted between the 7-9, and temperature adjusting is in 15-35 ℃ of scope.Cultivate after 16 days, undressed frond biomass only reaches 3.83g/L, and the frond biomass of treated mistake can reach 8.53g/L.Use the grape algae unicellular than using colony to significantly improve the efficiency of light energy utilization, increased substantially the output (see figure 5).
Applicant's statement, the present invention illustrates detailed features of the present invention and method by above-described embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned detailed features and method, does not mean that namely the present invention must rely on above-mentioned detailed features and method could be implemented.The person of ordinary skill in the field should understand; any improvement in the present invention; to the increase of the equivalence replacement of the selected material of the present invention and step and subsidiary material and step, the selection of concrete mode etc., all drop within protection scope of the present invention and the open scope.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is separated the method for organizing outside the unicellular and born of the same parents of frond from the grape algae of cell colony growth, it is characterized in that, described method comprises the part moisture of removing wet algae frond cell surface.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described method comprises:
(a) collect wet algae frond;
(b) the part moisture of the described frond cell surface of removal;
(c) mixture of the outer tissue of unicellular and born of the same parents of the described frond of formation;
(d) randomly, comprise that also collection is described unicellular.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described method comprises:
(a) collect wet algae frond;
(b) the part moisture of the described frond cell surface of removal;
(c) mixture of the outer tissue of unicellular and born of the same parents of the described frond of formation;
(e) randomly, comprise that also collecting described born of the same parents organizes outward; With
(f) randomly, tissue extraction grease outside described born of the same parents.
4. such as each described method of claim 1 ~ 3, wherein remove the step of part moisture of described frond cell surface at 5-40 ℃, preferred 10-35 ℃, most preferably carry out under 20-30 ℃.
5. such as each described method among the claim 1-3, wherein remove the part moisture of frond cell surface with water-absorbing material, preferably, described water-absorbing material is thieving paper or siccative.
6. such as each described method among the claim 1-3, wherein adopt air seasoning or low-temperature drying equipment to remove the part moisture of frond cell surface.
7. such as each described method among the claim 1-3, wherein remove the water content of described frond behind the moisture at 60%-80wt%, preferably 65%-75wt%, most preferably 70wt%.
8. such as each described method among the claim 1-3, wherein by the 200-400 order, preferred 250-350 order, more preferably 300 purpose silk cover filterings separate described unicellular and described born of the same parents and organize outward.
9. the application during, algae kind nature seed selection genetic engineering modified in algae culture, algae kind such as each described method among the claim 1-3, the selection by mutation of algae kind, pigment production or algae grease extract.
10. such as the application of each described method among the claim 1-3 in biological aviation kerosene is produced.
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| CN103196714A (en) * | 2013-03-03 | 2013-07-10 | 浙江大学 | Sample pretreatment and determination method for detecting optical density values of botryococcus |
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