CN102937039A - Liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy multistage recycling system suitable for ship and using method thereof - Google Patents
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy multistage recycling system suitable for ship and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy multistage recycling system suitable for a ship and a using method thereof. The system comprises an LNG vaporization temperature-rising expansion major loop, a primary Rankine cycle generating unit, a secondary Rankine cycle generating unit, a low-temperature cold supply unit, an LNG heating low-temperature heat supply unit and an expansion generating unit. The LNG vaporization temperature-rising expansion major loop is composed of an LNG storage tank (1), a booster pump (2), a first condenser (3), a second condenser (8), a first heat exchanger (13), a second heat exchanger (14) and a third expansion turbine (17) and is connected with a gas engine on the ship. The primary Rankine cycle generating unit is composed of a first condenser (3), a first compressor (4), a first evaporator (5), a first expansion turbine (6) and a first generator (7). The secondary Rankine cycle generating unit is composed of a second condenser (8), a second compressor (9), a second evaporator (10), a second expansion turbine (11) and a second generator (12). The low-temperature cold supply unit LNG heating low-temperature heat supply unit is composed of a first heat exchanger (13). The LNG heating low-temperature heat supply unit is composed of a second heat exchanger (14), a circulating pump (16) and a water heater (15). The expansion generating unit is composed of a third expansion turbine (17) and a third generator (18).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the conversion using field of energy, particularly a kind of multistage recycling system of LNG (LNG Liquefied natural gas) cold energy and using method thereof that is applicable to boats and ships.This system adopts the mode of multistage recovery comprehensive utilization to the LNG cold energy according to the vaporizing property curve of LNG, improved the recovery rate of LNG cold energy.
Background technique
Along with country improves day by day to the requirement that reduces carbon emission and raising energy-saving efficiency, the energy consumption structure of China will be relied on rock gas more for counsel.In the supply of following rock gas, account for than great share from overseas LNG proportion.No matter be the LNG from overseas import, or the LNG that produces of China, when vaporization, to emit a large amount of cold energy, be generally 830-860kJ/kg.All at the approaches and methods of making great efforts exploring and enhance LNG cold energy use rate, wherein generating and cooling are main paties in countries in the world.At present, utilize the method for LNG cold energy generation to mainly contain direct expansion circulation, Lang Ken circulation or the combined cycle of the two etc.Because LNG cold energy release temperature span is large, the heat transfer temperature difference great disparity causes cold fire large with loss, and LNG cold energy use efficient is difficult to improve, and general LNG cold energy use rate only has about 30%.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of multistage recycling system of LNG cold energy that is applicable to boats and ships.This system adopts the mode of multistage recovery comprehensive utilization to the LNG cold energy according to the vaporizing property curve of LNG, improved the recovery rate of LNG cold energy on the boats and ships.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of described using method that is applicable to the multistage recycling system of LNG cold energy of boats and ships.
The described multistage recycling system of LNG cold energy that is applicable to boats and ships comprises:
1), the LNG vaporization intensification expansion major loop that consisted of by LNG storage tank, compression pump, the first condenser, the second condenser, First Heat Exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the 3rd expansion turbine, this major loop is connected with gas engine on the boats and ships;
2) first order Lang Ken circulating generation unit that, is consisted of by the first condenser, the first compressor, the first vaporizer, the first expansion turbine and the first generator;
3) the Lang Ken circulating generation unit, the second level that, is consisted of by the second condenser, the second compressor, the second vaporizer, the second expansion turbine and the second generator;
4) the low temperature cooling unit that, is consisted of by First Heat Exchanger;
5) the LNG heating low-temperature heat supply unit that, is consisted of by the second heat exchanger, recycle pump and water heater;
6) the expansion power generation unit that, is consisted of by the 3rd expansion turbine and the 3rd generator.
In described LNG vaporization intensification expansion major loop, the LNG storage tank is connected with compression pump, the first condenser, the second condenser, First Heat Exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the 3rd expansion turbine successively by pipeline, and this major loop provides power gas for the gas engine on the boats and ships.
In described first order Lang Ken circulating generation unit, the first condenser is connected and gets back to the circulation loop of the first condenser formation sealing successively with the first compressor, the first vaporizer and the expansion turbine of being connected by pipeline, in this circulation loop, be filled with refrigerant medium I, the first expansion turbine is connected with the first generator by mechanical axis, and the first vaporizer is connected with freezer on the boats and ships by another pipeline.
In Lang Ken circulating generation unit, the described second level, the second condenser is connected and gets back to the circulation loop of the second condenser formation sealing successively with the second compressor, the second vaporizer and the expansion turbine of being connected by pipeline, in this circulation loop, be filled with refrigerant medium II, the second expansion turbine is connected with the second generator by mechanical axis, and the second vaporizer is connected with freezer on the boats and ships by another pipeline.
In described low temperature cooling unit, First Heat Exchanger is connected with air-conditioning on the boats and ships by another pipeline.
In described LNG heating low-temperature heat supply unit, the second heat exchanger is connected and gets back to the circulation loop of the second heat exchanger formation sealing successively with water heater with recycle pump by pipeline, be filled with working-medium water in this circulation loop, water heater is connected with low-temperature heat supply pipeline on the boats and ships by another pipeline.
In described expansion power generation unit, the 3rd expansion turbine is connected with the 3rd generator by mechanical axis.
Preferably, described refrigerant medium I comprises one or more the mixture in methane, ethane, propane, butane, isobutane, ethene, propylene, difluoromethane, fluoroform, Difluoroethane, HFC-143a, HFC-134a and the pentafluoroethane.
Preferably, described refrigerant medium II comprises one or more the mixture in methane, ethane, propane, butane, isobutane, ethene, propylene, difluoromethane, fluoroform, Difluoroethane, HFC-143a, HFC-134a and the pentafluoroethane.
Preferably, described water heater is gas water-heater, solar water heater or residue heat water heater.
The using method of the multistage recovery utilization system of described LNG cold energy is as follows:
In described LNG vaporization intensification expansion major loop, the LNG of LNG storage tank output delivers to the first condenser after the compression pump pressurization, the heat of LNG absorption refrigerant medium I is vaporizated into the saturated vapour of rock gas in the first condenser, this saturated vapour enters First Heat Exchanger absorb the heat of refrigerant medium II in the second condenser after, rock gas absorbs the follow-up temperature of continuing rising of heat in First Heat Exchanger, rock gas after the intensification enters the second heat exchanger, the heat of rock gas absorption working-medium water heats up again in the second heat exchanger, the 3rd expansion turbine that enters rock gas after again heating up expands and does work, and enters the gas engine on the boats and ships after the rock gas expansion acting cooling;
In described first order Lang Ken circulating generation unit, refrigerant medium I is condensed into low-pressure liquid in the first condenser, then after being high-pressure liquid, the first compressor pressurizes enters the first vaporizer, to absorb the heat of vaporization of described low temperature cooling pipeline be high-pressure gaseous to refrigerant medium I in the first vaporizer, the refrigerant medium I of this high-pressure gaseous enters the first expansion turbine, the rear step-down of acting of expanding in the first expansion turbine is the refrigerant medium I of low pressure gaseous state, the refrigerant medium I of this low pressure gaseous state enters the first condenser and again is condensed into next time circulation of low-pressure liquid continuation, and refrigerant medium I institute's work in the first expansion turbine is converted into mechanical energy and drives the generating of the first generator by mechanical axis;
In Lang Ken circulating generation unit, the described second level, refrigerant medium II is condensed into low-pressure liquid in the second condenser, then after being high-pressure liquid, the second compressor pressurizes enters the second vaporizer, to absorb the heat of vaporization of described low temperature cooling pipeline be high-pressure gaseous to refrigerant medium II in the second vaporizer, the refrigerant medium II of this high-pressure gaseous enters the second expansion turbine, the rear step-down of acting of expanding in the second expansion turbine is the refrigerant medium II of low pressure gaseous state, the refrigerant medium II of this low pressure gaseous state enters the second condenser and again is condensed into next time circulation of low-pressure liquid continuation, and refrigerant medium II institute's work in the second expansion turbine is converted into mechanical energy and drives the generating of the second generator by mechanical axis;
In described low temperature cooling unit, First Heat Exchanger passes through another pipeline to the air-conditioning cooling on the boats and ships;
In described LNG heating low-temperature heat supply unit, working-medium water is the rock gas release heat in the LNG vaporization intensification expansion major loop in the second heat exchanger, then drive through recycle pump and enter water heater, again enter the second heat exchanger after working-medium water is heated by water heater and continue next time circulation, the waste heat of water heater is used for the domestic water on the heating ship by the output of low-temperature heat supply pipeline;
In described expansion power generation unit, rock gas institute's work in the 3rd expansion turbine is converted into mechanical energy and drives the generating of the 3rd generator by mechanical axis.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention is according to the segmentation characteristic of LNG vaporization curve, two-stage Lang Ken circulation and one-level expansion cycle generator unit have been made up, and for raising LNG cold energy use rate is provided with low temperature cooling unit and low-temperature heat supply unit, realized the multistage recovery comprehensive utilization of the LNG cold energy on the boats and ships.Theory is calculated and is shown, under the working pressure of 8MPa, the comprehensive utilization ratio of the LNG cold energy of described system can reach more than 38%, and as reducing working pressure, the comprehensive utilization ratio of LNG cold energy also can further improve.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the multistage recycling system of LNG cold energy that is applicable to boats and ships of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples summary of the invention of the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the multistage recycling system of LNG cold energy that is applicable to boats and ships provided by the invention comprises:
1), the LNG vaporization intensification expansion major loop that consisted of by LNG storage tank 1, compression pump 2, the first condenser 3, the second condenser 8, First Heat Exchanger 13, the second heat exchanger 14 and the 3rd expansion turbine 17, this major loop is connected with gas engine on the boats and ships;
2) first order Lang Ken circulating generation unit that, is consisted of by the first condenser 3, the first compressor 4, the first vaporizer 5, the first expansion turbine 6 and the first generator 7;
3) the Lang Ken circulating generation unit, the second level that, is consisted of by the second condenser 8, the second compressor 9, the second vaporizer 10, the second expansion turbine 11 and the second generator 12;
4) the low temperature cooling unit that, is consisted of by First Heat Exchanger 13;
5) the LNG heating low-temperature heat supply unit that, is consisted of by the second heat exchanger 14, recycle pump 16 and water heater 15;
6) the expansion power generation unit that, is consisted of by the 3rd expansion turbine 17 and the 3rd generator 18;
In described system, the annexation of each unit is as follows:
In described LNG vaporization intensification expansion major loop, LNG storage tank 1 is connected with compression pump 2, the first condenser 3, the second condenser 8, First Heat Exchanger 13, the second heat exchanger 14 and the 3rd expansion turbine 17 successively by pipeline, and this major loop provides power gas for the gas engine on the boats and ships;
In described first order Lang Ken circulating generation unit, the first condenser 3 is connected and gets back to the circulation loop of the first condenser 3 formation sealings successively with the first compressor 4, the first vaporizer 5 and the expansion turbine 6 of being connected by pipeline, in this circulation loop, be filled with refrigerant medium I, the first expansion turbine 6 is connected with the first generator 7 by mechanical axis, and the first vaporizer 5 is connected with freezer on the boats and ships by another pipeline;
In Lang Ken circulating generation unit, the described second level, the second condenser 8 is connected and gets back to the circulation loop of the second condenser 8 formation sealings successively with the second compressor 9, the second vaporizer 10 and the expansion turbine 11 of being connected by pipeline, in this circulation loop, be filled with refrigerant medium II, the second expansion turbine 11 is connected with the second generator 12 by mechanical axis, and the second vaporizer 10 is connected with freezer on the boats and ships by another pipeline;
In described low temperature cooling unit, First Heat Exchanger 13 is connected with air-conditioning on the boats and ships by another pipeline;
In described LNG heating low-temperature heat supply unit, the second heat exchanger 14 is connected with water heater with recycle pump 16 successively by pipeline and is connected and gets back to the circulation loop that the second heat exchanger 14 consists of sealing, be filled with working-medium water in this circulation loop, water heater 15 is connected with low-temperature heat supply pipeline on the boats and ships by another pipeline;
In described expansion power generation unit, the 3rd expansion turbine 17 is connected with the 3rd generator 18 by mechanical axis.
In described LNG heating low-temperature heat supply unit, water heater 15 is gas water-heater.
Because component and the content thereof of LNG there are differences, the segmentation characteristic of LNG vaporization curve is also different along with the difference of the working pressure in the LNG vaporescence, and therefore described refrigerant medium I and described refrigerant medium II need to select and allocate according to actual conditions.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 1, the using method of the multistage recovery utilization system of LNG cold energy of the present invention is as follows:
In described LNG vaporization intensification expansion major loop, the LNG of LNG storage tank 1 output delivers to the first condenser 3 after compression pump 2 pressurizations, the heat of LNG absorption refrigerant medium I is vaporizated into the saturated vapour of rock gas in the first condenser 3, this saturated vapour enters First Heat Exchanger 13 absorb the heat of refrigerant medium II in the second condenser 8 after, rock gas absorbs the follow-up temperature of continuing rising of heat in First Heat Exchanger 13, rock gas after the intensification enters the second heat exchanger 14, the heat of rock gas absorption working-medium water heats up again in the second heat exchanger 14, the 3rd expansion turbine 17 that enters rock gas after again heating up expands and does work, and enters the gas engine on the boats and ships after the rock gas expansion acting cooling;
In described first order Lang Ken circulating generation unit, refrigerant medium I is condensed into low-pressure liquid in the first condenser 3, then after being pressurised into high-pressure liquid, the first compressor 4 enters the first vaporizer 5, to absorb the heat of vaporization of described low temperature cooling pipeline be high-pressure gaseous to refrigerant medium I in the first vaporizer 5, the refrigerant medium I of this high-pressure gaseous enters the first expansion turbine 6, the rear step-down of acting of expanding in the first expansion turbine 6 is the refrigerant medium I of low pressure gaseous state, the refrigerant medium I of this low pressure gaseous state enters the first condenser 3 and again is condensed into next time circulation of low-pressure liquid continuation, and refrigerant medium I institute's work in the first expansion turbine 6 is converted into mechanical energy and drives 7 generatings of the first generator by mechanical axis;
In Lang Ken circulating generation unit, the described second level, refrigerant medium II is condensed into low-pressure liquid in the second condenser 8, then after being pressurised into high-pressure liquid, the second compressor 9 enters the second vaporizer 10, to absorb the heat of vaporization of described low temperature cooling pipeline be high-pressure gaseous to refrigerant medium II in the second vaporizer 10, the refrigerant medium II of this high-pressure gaseous enters the second expansion turbine 11, the rear step-down of acting of expanding in the second expansion turbine 11 is the refrigerant medium II of low pressure gaseous state, the refrigerant medium II of this low pressure gaseous state enters the second condenser 8 and again is condensed into next time circulation of low-pressure liquid continuation, and refrigerant medium II institute's work in the second expansion turbine 11 is converted into mechanical energy and drives 12 generatings of the second generator by mechanical axis;
In described low temperature cooling unit, First Heat Exchanger 13 passes through another pipeline to the air-conditioning cooling on the boats and ships;
In described LNG heating low-temperature heat supply unit, working-medium water is the rock gas release heat in the LNG vaporization intensification expansion major loop in the second heat exchanger 14, then drive through recycle pump 16 and enter water heater 15, again enter the second heat exchanger 14 after working-medium water is heated by water heater 15 and continue next time circulation, the waste heat of water heater 15 is used for the domestic water on the heating ship by the output of low-temperature heat supply pipeline;
In described expansion power generation unit, rock gas institute's work in the 3rd expansion turbine 17 is converted into mechanical energy and drives 18 generatings of the 3rd generator by mechanical axis.
Should be appreciated that the above detailed description of technological scheme of the present invention being carried out by preferred embodiment is illustrative and not restrictive.Those of ordinary skill in the art is reading on the basis of specification of the present invention and can make amendment to the technological scheme that each embodiment puts down in writing, and perhaps part technical characteristics wherein is equal to replacement; And these modifications or replacement do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution break away from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technological scheme.
Claims (5)
1. be applicable to the multistage recycling system of LNG cold energy of boats and ships, it is characterized in that, this system comprises:
1), the LNG vaporization intensification expansion major loop that consisted of by LNG storage tank (1), compression pump (2), the first condenser (3), the second condenser (8), First Heat Exchanger (13), the second heat exchanger (14) and the 3rd expansion turbine (17), this major loop is connected with gas engine on the boats and ships;
2) first order Lang Ken circulating generation unit that, is consisted of by the first condenser (3), the first compressor (4), the first vaporizer (5), the first expansion turbine (6) and the first generator (7);
3) the Lang Ken circulating generation unit, the second level that, is consisted of by the second condenser (8), the second compressor (9), the second vaporizer (10), the second expansion turbine (11) and the second generator (12);
4) the low temperature cooling unit that, is consisted of by First Heat Exchanger (13);
5) the LNG heating low-temperature heat supply unit that, is consisted of by the second heat exchanger (14), recycle pump (16) and water heater (15);
6) the expansion power generation unit that, is consisted of by the 3rd expansion turbine (17) and the 3rd generator (18);
In described LNG vaporization intensification expansion major loop, LNG storage tank (1) is connected with compression pump (2), the first condenser (3), the second condenser (8), First Heat Exchanger (13), the second heat exchanger (14) and the 3rd expansion turbine (17) successively by pipeline, and this major loop provides power gas for the gas engine on the boats and ships;
In described first order Lang Ken circulating generation unit, the first condenser (3) is connected and gets back to the circulation loop of the first condenser (3) formation sealing successively with the first compressor (4), the first vaporizer (5) and the expansion turbine (6) of being connected by pipeline, in this circulation loop, be filled with refrigerant medium I, the first expansion turbine (6) is connected with the first generator (7) by mechanical axis, and the first vaporizer (5) is connected with freezer on the boats and ships by another pipeline;
In Lang Ken circulating generation unit, the described second level, the second condenser (8) is connected and gets back to the circulation loop of the second condenser (8) formation sealing successively with the second compressor (9), the second vaporizer (10) and the expansion turbine (11) of being connected by pipeline, in this circulation loop, be filled with refrigerant medium II, the second expansion turbine (11) is connected with the second generator (12) by mechanical axis, and the second vaporizer (10) is connected with freezer on the boats and ships by another pipeline;
In described low temperature cooling unit, First Heat Exchanger (13) is connected with air-conditioning on the boats and ships by another pipeline;
In described LNG heating low-temperature heat supply unit, the second heat exchanger (14) is connected 15 with recycle pump (16) with water heater successively by pipeline) be connected and get back to the circulation loop that the second heat exchanger (14) consists of sealing, be filled with working-medium water in this circulation loop, water heater (15) is connected with low-temperature heat supply pipeline on the boats and ships by another pipeline;
In described expansion power generation unit, the 3rd expansion turbine (17) is connected with the 3rd generator (18) by mechanical axis.
2. system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described refrigerant medium I comprises one or more the mixture in methane, ethane, propane, butane, isobutane, ethene, propylene, difluoromethane, fluoroform, Difluoroethane, HFC-143a, HFC-134a and the pentafluoroethane.
3. system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described refrigerant medium II comprises one or more the mixture in methane, ethane, propane, butane, isobutane, ethene, propylene, difluoromethane, fluoroform, Difluoroethane, HFC-143a, HFC-134a and the pentafluoroethane.
4. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described water heater (15) is gas water-heater, solar water heater or residue heat water heater.
5. the using method that is applicable to the multistage recycling system of LNG cold energy of boats and ships as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
In described LNG vaporization intensification expansion major loop, the LNG of LNG storage tank (1) output delivers to the first condenser (3) after compression pump (2) pressurization, the heat of LNG absorption refrigerant medium I is vaporizated into the saturated vapour of rock gas in the first condenser (3), this saturated vapour enters First Heat Exchanger (13) absorb the heat of refrigerant medium II in the second condenser (8) after, rock gas absorbs the follow-up temperature of continuing rising of heat in First Heat Exchanger (13), rock gas after the intensification enters the second heat exchanger (14), the heat of rock gas absorption working-medium water heats up again in the second heat exchanger (14), the 3rd expansion turbine (17) that enters rock gas after again heating up expands and does work, and enters the gas engine on the boats and ships after the rock gas expansion acting cooling;
In described first order Lang Ken circulating generation unit, refrigerant medium I is condensed into low-pressure liquid in the first condenser (3), then after being pressurised into high-pressure liquid, the first compressor (4) enters the first vaporizer (5), to absorb the heat of vaporization of described low temperature cooling pipeline be high-pressure gaseous to refrigerant medium I in the first vaporizer (5), the refrigerant medium I of this high-pressure gaseous enters the first expansion turbine (6), the rear step-down of acting of expanding in the first expansion turbine (6) is the refrigerant medium I of low pressure gaseous state, the refrigerant medium I of this low pressure gaseous state enters the first condenser (3) and again is condensed into next time circulation of low-pressure liquid continuation, and refrigerant medium I institute's work in the first expansion turbine (6) is converted into mechanical energy and drives the first generator (7) generating by mechanical axis;
In Lang Ken circulating generation unit, the described second level, refrigerant medium II is condensed into low-pressure liquid in the second condenser (8), then after being pressurised into high-pressure liquid, the second compressor (9) enters the second vaporizer (10), to absorb the heat of vaporization of described low temperature cooling pipeline be high-pressure gaseous to refrigerant medium II in the second vaporizer (10), the refrigerant medium II of this high-pressure gaseous enters the second expansion turbine (11), the rear step-down of acting of expanding in the second expansion turbine (11) is the refrigerant medium II of low pressure gaseous state, the refrigerant medium II of this low pressure gaseous state enters the second condenser (8) and again is condensed into next time circulation of low-pressure liquid continuation, and refrigerant medium II institute's work in the second expansion turbine (11) is converted into mechanical energy and drives the second generator (12) generating by mechanical axis;
In described low temperature cooling unit, First Heat Exchanger (13) passes through another pipeline to the air-conditioning cooling on the boats and ships;
In described LNG heating low-temperature heat supply unit, working-medium water is the rock gas release heat in the LNG vaporization intensification expansion major loop in the second heat exchanger (14), then drive through recycle pump (16) and enter water heater (15), again enter the second heat exchanger (14) after working-medium water is heated by water heater (15) and continue next time circulation, the waste heat of water heater (15) is used for the domestic water on the heating ship by the output of low-temperature heat supply pipeline;
In described expansion power generation unit, rock gas institute's work in the 3rd expansion turbine (17) is converted into mechanical energy and drives the 3rd generator (18) generating by mechanical axis.
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CN103485851A (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2014-01-01 | 中国寰球工程公司辽宁分公司 | Method and device for generating power by using liquefied natural gas cold energy and solar energy as power source |
CN103557568A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2014-02-05 | 江苏现代造船技术有限公司 | Air conditioning system of LNG (liquefied natural gas) powered ship |
CN104748280A (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2015-07-01 | 江苏科技大学 | Refrigerating/heating system of air-conditioner of LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) power-driven vessel |
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CN112611128A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-04-06 | 深圳市燃气集团股份有限公司 | Cold and hot coproduction system based on LNG |
CN117469839A (en) * | 2023-12-22 | 2024-01-30 | 上海优华系统集成技术股份有限公司 | Overhead gas waste heat full recovery system and full recovery method |
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