CN100462531C - System and method for improving efficiency of combined cycle electric power plant - Google Patents
System and method for improving efficiency of combined cycle electric power plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN100462531C CN100462531C CNB2005100431732A CN200510043173A CN100462531C CN 100462531 C CN100462531 C CN 100462531C CN B2005100431732 A CNB2005100431732 A CN B2005100431732A CN 200510043173 A CN200510043173 A CN 200510043173A CN 100462531 C CN100462531 C CN 100462531C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
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Abstract
This invention relates to a system and method for increasing the efficiency of association circulating power plant, wherein the power plant uses liquefied natural gas as the fuel. The method comprises the following steps: a) passing the heat of steam turbine exhaust to LNG through heat transfer fluid; b) gasifying LNG, using the cool energy arising form gasifying to condense the exhaust to condensation water; c) decreasing the pressure at expulsion of the steam turbine, improving the output power and efficiency of the steam turbine. The condensation water will mix with the cool water, absorbing the sensible heat in the exhaust-heat boiler smoke discharging and the hidden heat in the steam, decreasing the smoke discharging temperature below dew-point temperature. One part of the water which has recovered the smoke after heat will be used as the water supply for the exhaust-heat boiler, the other will be used for heating natural gas, improving the temperature of the natural gas entry to the burning room.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the system and method for a kind of raising combustion gas-Steam Combined Cycle power plant efficiency, especially at being the combined-cycle power plant of main fuel with LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG).This system and method utilizes the cold energy that discharges in the LNG gasification that the exhaust steam of steam turbine is condensed into water of condensation near freezing point, thereby has improved the efficient and the power of steam turbine; The LNG that utilizes the latent heat of vaporization of water vapour in the exhaust heat boiler smoke evacuation to come heat-setting water and gasified again improves the efficient of gas turbine with this.
Background technique
The basic principle of gas steam combined cycle for power generation is: the high-temperature exhaust air of doing merit in the gas turbine is sent into exhaust heat boiler in order to produce water vapor, and water vapor is introduced in the steam turbine and is done work then, the heat release and being condensed in vapour condenser of steam turbine steam discharge.So both increased gross output, utilized the high and low characteristics of pure steam turbine circulation heat release mean temperature of simple gas turbine circulation heat absorption mean temperature again, the thermal efficiency of whole circulation is improved.Advanced at present large-scale Combined Cycle Unit efficient is up to 60%, considerably beyond existing coal-burning power plant.In world's generate output, the shared share of Combined Cycle Unit obviously increases fast.
Along with the demand of people to the high-efficiency cleaning energy, and big capacity high reliability generating has promoted to use the fuel of LNG as Combined Cycle Unit with the appearance of gas turbine.LNG transports by sea to when receiving ground, and its state is roughly: a barometric pressure ,-160 ℃ approximately.LNG must be gasified to ambient temperature and bring up to suitable pressure and can be defeated by natural gas distributing system.Usually adopt open-shelf vaporizer, as the thermal source LNG that gasifies, this method be not only because the conveying seawater will consume a large amount of pump merits with seawater, and wasted a large amount of cold energy of containing among the LNG.
In order to utilize the cold energy of LNG, in U.S. Pat 5,457, disclosing a kind of among the 951A is the combined cycle power plant of fuel with LNG.After utilizing a LNG heat exchanging fluid of cooling (for example water), heat exchanging fluid is cooling and denseization suction port of compressor air earlier, and the condensation exhaust steam of discharging from steam turbine again makes a heat exchanging fluid be cooled off by LNG more then, circulate cooling and denseization suction port of compressor air once more.Though this system relates to the temperature and pressure that utilizes the cold energy that discharges in the LNG gasification to reduce exhaust steam in steam turbine, make Efficiency of Steam Turbine obtain to a certain degree raising, but under the constant situation of fuel quantity, because the condensing water temperature reduction can cause the steam production of exhaust heat boiler to reduce or vapor (steam) temperature descends, and owing to be subjected to the restriction of exhaust heat boiler temperature of exhaust fume, the reduction of turbine discharge temperature is limited.This has all influenced the further raising of turbine efficiency.Similar with it, in U.S. Pat 6,367, the method and apparatus that the cold energy that discharges when a kind of LNG of utilization gasifies improves efficiency of combined cycle electric power plant is disclosed among the 258B1.After one time heat exchanging fluid is cooled off by LNG, absorb the heat of gas turbine intake air and secondary heat exchange fluid (condenser cooling water), cool off denseization gas turbine intake air with this, improved the efficient of gas turbine, and the temperature of reduction condenser cooling water is to have increased the output power of steam turbine.Equally also there is above problem in this system.
Above-mentioned or other be the association circulating power generation system of fuel with LNG, improve Efficiency of Steam Turbine though utilize the LNG cold energy to reduce steam turbine exhaust pressure, but all less than solving under the constant situation of fuel quantity, if the steam initial conditions remains unchanged,, the condensing water temperature reduction reduces the problem of the further raising that influences turbine efficiency owing to can causing the steam production of exhaust heat boiler.Do not have to solve owing to the requirement to the exhaust heat boiler temperature of exhaust fume causes condensing water temperature yet and reduce limited problem.Simultaneously, for the large-scale combined cycle generation unit that with LNG is fuel, although adopt three to press hot again exhaust heat boiler, temperature of exhaust fume still reaches about 90 ℃, and because the main component of LNG is CH
4, the burning back produces a large amount of water vapors, and the water vapor portion is bigger in the flue gas, so contains the latent heat of vaporization of considerable sensible heat and water vapor in the flue gas.Exhaust heat boiler smoke evacuation flow is very big in the combined cycle generation unit, is discharged in the atmosphere by chimney, causes great heat waste.These systems are not recycled this part smoke discharging residual heat yet.
Summary of the invention
Problem at present association circulating power generation system exists the objective of the invention is to, and a kind of system and method that improves efficiency of combined cycle electric power plant is provided.
In order to realize above-mentioned task, the present invention takes following technological scheme: a kind of raising is the system of the efficiency of combined cycle electric power plant of fuel with the LNG Liquefied natural gas, and this system mainly comprises:
LNG Liquefied natural gas supply line, holding vessel, booster pump, vaporizer, preheater, condensate pump, vapour condenser, steam turbine, second generator, exhaust heat boiler, gas turbine, firing chamber, compressor, first generator, condensing heat exchanger, heat exchanging fluid pump;
Wherein first generator, compressor, firing chamber and gas turbine and second generator, exhaust heat boiler, vapour condenser and steam turbine constitute electric power output;
It is characterized in that:
The downstream of the holding vessel that communicates with the LNG Liquefied natural gas supply line is connected with booster pump, booster pump is communicated with the vaporizer that vapour condenser is in heat exchange relationship, heat exchanging fluid has the heat exchanging fluid pump between vaporizer and vapour condenser, the heat exchanging fluid pump is by the exhaust steam heat transferred LNG Liquefied natural gas of heat exchanging fluid with steam turbine, thereby make liquefied natural gas gasifying, in vapour condenser, the cold energy that discharges in the liquefied natural gas gasifying process is condensed into water of condensation near freezing point with exhaust steam, reduce the exhaust steam pressure of steam turbine, improve the output power and the efficient of steam turbine;
Be provided with condensing heat exchanger in the exhaust heat boiler back-end ductwork, condensing heat exchanger is connected with the back-end surfaces and the natural gas preheater of exhaust heat boiler by pipeline, be provided with condensate pump between the pipeline of vapour condenser and condensing heat exchanger, constitute the system that recycles the latent heat of water vapor in exhaust heat boiler smoke evacuation sensible heat and the flue gas;
The exhaust steam of steam turbine is condensed into the water of condensation near freezing point in vapour condenser, water of condensation is with after the water that has been cooled in natural gas preheater mixes, send into condensate pump in the condensing heat exchanger in the back-end ductwork that is arranged in exhaust heat boiler, absorb the latent heat of water vapor in the sensible heat of smoke evacuation and the flue gas, with the cigarette temperature drop below dew point temperature;
LNG Liquefied natural gas absorbs the heat exchanging fluid liberated heat and gasifies in vaporizer; The LNG Liquefied natural gas of gasification is introduced preheating in the natural gas preheater, after being mixed by water of condensation in the water that is cooled off by rock gas and the vapour condenser, enters condensing heat exchanger again, and the smoke discharging residual heat of recovery waste heat boiler circulates once more.
The method that said system is raised the efficiency is characterized in that, specifically comprises the steps:
Rock gas extracted out from holding vessel and bring up to predetermined pressure with booster pump after send into vaporizer, rock gas absorbs the heat of heat exchanging fluid and gasifies in vaporizer;
Vaporized rock gas is introduced preheating in the preheater, the rock gas that is preheated the device heating is at first sent into the firing chamber, burn with the air mixing after being compressed by compressor, combustion gas is expanded in gas turbine after the acting, exhaust enters exhaust heat boiler, the heating boiler feedwater produces high, medium and low voltage steam, steam is introduced in the steam turbine done work then;
The steam turbine exhaust steam is condensed into water of condensation near freezing point by heat exchanging fluid in vapour condenser;
Heat exchanging fluid enters the heat transferred rock gas of vaporizer with the steam turbine exhaust steam again, and behind the cold energy that absorbs rock gas release, heat exchanging fluid returns vapour condenser, forms a closed loop;
The water that has been cooled in natural gas preheater is sent in the condensing heat exchanger that is arranged in the exhaust heat boiler back-end ductwork with condensate pump with after water of condensation is mixed, and absorbs the latent heat of water vapor in the sensible heat of smoke evacuation and the flue gas, with the cigarette temperature drop below dew point temperature;
Heated water, a part is as feedwater, and all the other guide to preheating rock gas in the natural gas preheater, with after water of condensation is mixed, are entered the smoke discharging residual heat of condensing heat exchanger recovery waste heat boiler by the chilled water of rock gas again, circulate once more.
System and method of the present invention, be at original be that the association circulating power generation system of fuel comprehensively improves with LNG, adopt a kind of heat exchanging fluid as circulatory mediator, the exhaust steam of steam turbine is reduced to minimum temperature, promptly condensing water temperature is reduced near freezing point; Arrange condensing heat exchanger at the exhaust heat boiler afterbody,, solve that condensing water temperature reduces that the steam production that causes exhaust heat boiler reduces and the problem that influences turbine efficiency with the latent heat of vaporization that LNG that has gasified and low-temperature condensate reclaim water vapor in the smoke evacuation; With the smoke discharging residual heat heated feed water and improve fuel temperature, further improved efficiency of combined cycle electric power plant.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is one and embodies basic structure of the present invention and workflow diagram thereof;
Fig. 2 is a structure and a workflow diagram after the present invention improved and optimizated.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, its system mainly comprises:
LNG Liquefied natural gas supply line, holding vessel 13, booster pump 12, vaporizer 11, preheater 19, condensate pump 18, vapour condenser 8, steam turbine 7, second generator 6, exhaust heat boiler 5, gas turbine 4, firing chamber 3, compressor 2, first generator 1, condensing heat exchanger 14, heat exchanging fluid pump 15;
Wherein first generator 1, compressor 2, firing chamber 3 and gas turbine 4 and second generator 6, exhaust heat boiler 5, vapour condenser 8 and steam turbine 7 constitute electric power output;
The downstream of the holding vessel 13 that communicates with the LNG Liquefied natural gas supply line is connected with booster pump 12, booster pump 12 is communicated with the vaporizer 11 that vapour condenser 8 is in heat exchange relationship, heat exchanging fluid has heat exchanging fluid pump 15 between vaporizer 11 and vapour condenser 8, heat exchanging fluid pump 15 is by the exhaust steam heat transferred LNG Liquefied natural gas of heat exchanging fluid with steam turbine 7, thereby make liquefied natural gas gasifying, the cold energy that discharges in the liquefied natural gas gasifying process is condensed into water of condensation near freezing point by vapour condenser 8, reduce the exhaust steam pressure of steam turbine, improve the output power and the efficient of steam turbine;
Be provided with condensing heat exchanger 14 in exhaust heat boiler 5 back-end ductworks, condensing heat exchanger 14 is connected with the back-end surfaces and the natural gas preheater 19 of exhaust heat boiler by pipeline, be provided with condensate pump 18 between the pipeline of vapour condenser 8 and condensing heat exchanger 14, constitute the system that recycles the latent heat of water vapor in exhaust heat boiler 5 smoke evacuation sensible heats and the flue gas;
The exhaust steam of steam turbine 7 is condensed into the water of condensation near freezing point in vapour condenser 8, water of condensation is with after the water that has been cooled in natural gas preheater 19 mixes, send into condensate pump 18 in the condensing heat exchanger 14 in the back-end ductwork that is arranged in exhaust heat boiler 5, absorb the latent heat of water vapor in the sensible heat of smoke evacuation and the flue gas, with the cigarette temperature drop below dew point temperature;
LNG Liquefied natural gas absorbs the heat exchanging fluid liberated heat and gasifies in vaporizer 11; The LNG Liquefied natural gas of gasification is introduced preheating in the natural gas preheater 19, after being mixed by water of condensation in the water that is cooled off by rock gas and the vapour condenser 8, enters condensing heat exchanger 14 again, and the smoke discharging residual heat of recovery waste heat boiler 5 circulates once more.
Its working procedure is after LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is extracted out from holding vessel 13, with booster pump 12 it to be brought up to certain pressure and sends into vaporizer 11, vaporizer 11 employing shell-and-tube heat exchangers.LNG absorbs heat exchanging fluid in vaporizer 11, i.e. water/ethylene glycol mixed solution liberated heat and gasifying.The LNG that has gasified introduces preheating in the natural gas preheater 19.The heat exchanging fluid that is cooled absorbs the heat of the exhaust steam of discharging and is heated from steam turbine 7 in vapour condenser 8, and then enter the heat transferred LNG of vaporizer 11 with exhaust steam, forms a closed loop.Exhaust steam is condensed into the water of condensation near freezing point in vapour condenser 8, water of condensation is with after the water that has been cooled in natural gas preheater 19 mixes, send in the condensing heat exchanger 14 that is arranged in the exhaust heat boiler back-end ductwork with condensate pump 18, absorb the latent heat of water vapor in the sensible heat of smoke evacuation and the flue gas, with the cigarette temperature drop below dew point temperature.Condensing heat exchanger 14 adopts the dividing wall type heat exchanger of resistant material.A heated water part continues to be heated into high, medium and low voltage steam in exhaust heat boiler as feedwater, and all the other guide to preheating rock gas in the preheater 19.With after water of condensation is mixed, entered the smoke discharging residual heat of condensing heat exchanger 14 recovery waste heat boilers by the chilled water of rock gas again, circulate once more.Heated rock gas is preferentially sent into firing chamber 3, and by the air mixing burning after compressor 2 compression, and the combustion gas acting of in gas turbine 4, expanding, exhaust enters exhaust heat boiler 5 generation water vapors, and water vapor is introduced in the steam turbine 7 and does work then.The gas turbine 4 and first generator 1 are installed on the same live axle by coupling, and the steam turbine 7 and second generator 6 are installed on the same live axle by coupling.Also a more powerful separate unit generator can be installed on the shared axle of gas turbine 4 and steam turbine 7.All the other heated rock gases are delivered to other power generating equipment or natural gas distributing system.In the unit starting stage, when steam turbine 7 does not also have red switch, be not used in the exhaust steam of the steam turbine 7 of gasification LNG in the vapour condenser 8, need to regulate the control valve on vapour condenser 8 and the vaporizer 11 this moment, outside system, introduce thermal source to vaporizer 11, be used to the LNG that gasifies.Under this operating mode, close the inlet valve 16 and the outlet valve 9 of vapour condenser 8, stoppage in transit heat exchanging fluid pump 15 is opened inlet valve 10 and the outlet valve 17 of the outer thermal source of drawing-in system to vaporizer 11, makes outside the system heat source stream cross vaporizer 11 with heat transferred LNG.
Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is structure and the workflow diagram after improving and optimizating on embodiment 1 the basis, and different is that the fuel-supplying unit system also has the gas heater 20 with preheater 19 polyphones with embodiment 1; Condensing heat exchanger 14 also links to each other with low-pressure coal saver 21.With after water of condensation is mixed, be heated into higher temperature hot water by the chilled water of rock gas, draw a part of hot water then and will be heated to higher temperature as the rock gas of gas turbine 4 fuel.
In Fig. 2, the water that comes out from natural gas preheater 19 flows through the condensing heat exchanger 14 and the low-pressure coal saver 21 that are arranged in the exhaust heat boiler back-end ductwork successively with after water of condensation is mixed, and is heated to form the low pressure saturation water of higher temperature.A low pressure saturation water part continues to be heated as the feedwater of exhaust heat boiler 5, and all the other introduce gas heater 20 and preheater 19.The rock gas that comes out from LNG vaporizer 11 is heated to ambient temperature preheater 19, a part is delivered to other power generating equipment and natural gas distributing system, after continuing to be heated to higher temperature, all the other, further improve the efficient of system as the fuel of gas turbine 4 in gas heater 20.
Claims (9)
1. a raising is the system of the efficiency of combined cycle electric power plant of fuel with the LNG Liquefied natural gas, and this system mainly comprises:
LNG Liquefied natural gas supply line, holding vessel (13), booster pump (12), vaporizer (11), preheater (19), condensate pump (18), vapour condenser (8), steam turbine (7), second generator (6), exhaust heat boiler (5), gas turbine (4), firing chamber (3), compressor (2), first generator (1), condensing heat exchanger (14), heat exchanging fluid pump (15);
Wherein first generator (1), compressor (2), firing chamber (3) and gas turbine (4) and second generator (6), exhaust heat boiler (5), vapour condenser (8) and steam turbine (7) constitute electric power output;
It is characterized in that:
The downstream of the holding vessel (13) that communicates with the LNG Liquefied natural gas supply line is connected with booster pump (12), booster pump (12) is communicated with the vaporizer (11) that vapour condenser (8) is in heat exchange relationship, heat exchanging fluid has heat exchanging fluid pump (15) between vaporizer (11) and vapour condenser (8), heat exchanging fluid pump (15) is by the exhaust steam heat transferred LNG Liquefied natural gas of heat exchanging fluid with steam turbine (7), thereby make liquefied natural gas gasifying, in vapour condenser (8), the cold energy that discharges in the liquefied natural gas gasifying process is condensed into water of condensation near freezing point with exhaust steam, reduce the exhaust steam pressure of steam turbine, improve the output power and the efficient of steam turbine;
Be provided with condensing heat exchanger (14) in exhaust heat boiler (5) back-end ductwork, condensing heat exchanger (14) is connected with the back-end surfaces and the natural gas preheater (19) of exhaust heat boiler (5) by pipeline, be provided with condensate pump (18) between the pipeline of vapour condenser (8) and condensing heat exchanger (14), constitute the system that recycles the latent heat of water vapor in exhaust heat boiler (5) smoke evacuation sensible heat and the flue gas;
The exhaust steam of steam turbine (7) is condensed into the water of condensation near freezing point in vapour condenser (8), water of condensation is with after the water that has been cooled in natural gas preheater (19) mixes, send in the condensing heat exchanger (14) in the back-end ductwork that is arranged in exhaust heat boiler (5) with condensate pump (18), absorb the latent heat of water vapor in the sensible heat of smoke evacuation and the flue gas, with the cigarette temperature drop below dew point temperature;
LNG Liquefied natural gas absorbs the heat exchanging fluid liberated heat and gasifies in vaporizer (11); The LNG Liquefied natural gas of gasification is introduced preheating in the natural gas preheater (19), after being mixed by water of condensation in the water that is cooled off by rock gas and the vapour condenser (8), enters condensing heat exchanger (14) again, and the smoke discharging residual heat of recovery waste heat boiler (5) circulates once more.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, after described LNG Liquefied natural gas was extracted out from holding vessel (13), booster pump (12) was brought up to certain pressure with it and is sent into vaporizer (11), and LNG Liquefied natural gas absorbs the heat exchanging fluid liberated heat and gasifies in vaporizer (11); The LNG Liquefied natural gas of gasification is introduced preheating in the natural gas preheater (19), the heat exchanging fluid that is cooled absorbs the heat of the exhaust steam of discharging and is heated from steam turbine (7) in vapour condenser (8), and then enter the heat transferred LNG Liquefied natural gas of vaporizer (11) with exhaust steam, form a closed loop.
3. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described vaporizer (11) adopts shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described condensing heat exchanger adopts the dividing wall type heat exchanger of resistant material.
5. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described fuel-supplying unit system also has the gas heater (20) with preheater (19) polyphone.
6. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described condensing heat exchanger (14) also links to each other with low-pressure coal saver (21).
7. the system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the start up period that unit begins, when being not used in the exhaust steam of steam turbine (7) of gasification rock gas in the vapour condenser (8), by adjusting control valve external heat source being introduced vaporizer (11) and be used to the LNG Liquefied natural gas that gasifies.
8. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described heat exchanging fluid is water/ethylene glycol mixed solution.
9. a method that realizes that the described system of claim 1 raises the efficiency is characterized in that, specifically comprises the steps:
Rock gas extracted out from holding vessel and bring up to predetermined pressure with booster pump after send into vaporizer, rock gas absorbs the heat of heat exchanging fluid and gasifies in vaporizer;
Vaporized rock gas is introduced preheating in the preheater, the rock gas that is preheated the device heating is at first sent into the firing chamber, burn with the air mixing after being compressed by compressor, the combustion gas acting of in gas turbine, expanding, exhaust enters exhaust heat boiler, the heating boiler feedwater produces high, medium and low voltage steam, steam is introduced in the steam turbine done work then;
The steam turbine exhaust steam is condensed into water of condensation near freezing point by heat exchanging fluid in vapour condenser;
Heat exchanging fluid enters the heat transferred rock gas of vaporizer with the steam turbine exhaust steam again, and behind the cold energy that absorbs rock gas release, heat exchanging fluid returns vapour condenser, forms a closed loop;
The water that has been cooled in natural gas preheater is sent in the condensing heat exchanger that is arranged in the exhaust heat boiler back-end ductwork with condensate pump with after water of condensation is mixed, and absorbs the latent heat of water vapor in the sensible heat of smoke evacuation and the flue gas, with the cigarette temperature drop below dew point temperature;
Heated water, a part is as feedwater, and all the other guide to preheating rock gas in the natural gas preheater, with after water of condensation is mixed, are entered the smoke discharging residual heat of condensing heat exchanger recovery waste heat boiler by the chilled water of rock gas again, circulate once more.
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| CNB2005100431732A CN100462531C (en) | 2005-09-01 | 2005-09-01 | System and method for improving efficiency of combined cycle electric power plant |
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| CNB2005100431732A CN100462531C (en) | 2005-09-01 | 2005-09-01 | System and method for improving efficiency of combined cycle electric power plant |
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| CN100462531C true CN100462531C (en) | 2009-02-18 |
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