CN102936113B - Preparation method of hybrid nanocomposite material used for buildings - Google Patents

Preparation method of hybrid nanocomposite material used for buildings Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102936113B
CN102936113B CN201110232385.0A CN201110232385A CN102936113B CN 102936113 B CN102936113 B CN 102936113B CN 201110232385 A CN201110232385 A CN 201110232385A CN 102936113 B CN102936113 B CN 102936113B
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water
resin
nanofiber
cement
parts
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CN102936113A (en
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罗健林
段忠东
李秋义
刘玺
孙胜伟
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Qingdao University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention relates to a material used for buildings and a production method of the material. The hybrid nanocomposite material used for buildings provided in the invention includes the following components by weight: 100 parts of cement, 10-30 parts of water-based resin, 0.01-45 parts of a water-based resin curing agent, 25-50 parts of water, 0.5-2 parts of a super plasticizer, 0.1-5 parts of a nano-fiber, 0.1-5 parts of a nano-fiber dispersing agent, 0.01-3 parts of a thickening stabilizer, and 0.02-0.2 part of a foam inhibitor. With the method provided in the invention, the nano-fiber can realize good dispersion and network distribution in a water-based resin system and a subsequent resin/cement hybrid matrix, and can form a compact reticular cemented structure together with hardening resin and cement, thus improving the dynamic shock resistance and dynamic vibration damping performance of the hybrid composite material.

Description

The preparation method of nanocomposite for building
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production method of a kind of structure material and this material.
Background technology
Cement/concrete low toughness, high fragility, the shortcoming that oscillation damping and energy dissipating performance is low are limiting its use as main civil engineering material always, and people attempt adding all kinds of high-performance macroscopic fiber materials always and weaken the structural failure that cement material causes, the mechanical property that promotes it.As everyone knows, after cement-based material sclerosis, be often multiple dimensioned, the porous gelinite of a kind of bag, its pore structure had both comprised the macropore that is greater than 1 μ m, comprised again between 10 2-10 3pore between nm, between 10-10 2the transitional pore of nm, also comprises the gel pore that is less than 10nm, and most in nanoscale.Corresponding macroscopic fiber refinforced cement sill still has many defects at microcosmic/nanoscale, need to utilize nano-fiber material or resin extender to its further modification, improves its mechanics and functional performance.
The physical features such as coherence length or the transmission depth size of nanofibers of dimensions and optical wavelength, de broglie wavelength and superconducting state is close, show many nano effects, as quantum size effect, small-size effect, surface and interface effect and macro quanta tunnel effect etc.When this high performance nanofiber is added in cement matrix, nanofiber can filling concrete sill hole, improve its microvoid structure, improve the effectiveness of cement matrix mechanical property and non-deformability, if the patent No. is mentioned mechanical mechanics properties such as tensile strength that carbon nano tube nano fiber carrys out refinforced cement based composites, flexural strength, dynamic impulsion intensity that utilize respectively in ZL200810064075.0 and the patent No. Chinese patent that is ZL200810064119.X.But, the over-all properties of fibre reinforced composites depends on two large factors: the interface cohesive strength of the dispersiveness of fiber and fiber and matrix, and for nanofiber reinforced composites, this two large factor is normally conflicting, thereby its fiber-bridged, toughening effect are difficult to be not fully exerted in matrix.And for conductive-nano-fibers complex cement sill, free moisture can be invaded material internal, composite inner ion concentration in pore solution increases, under the effect of electric field, move, produce polarizing effect, and then greatly affect the stability of matrix material electrical testing result, and then be unfavorable for applying its power-electrical effect and develop into a kind of intelligent sensing device.
Structure thermoset resin material is a kind of high-intensity adhesive polymer material, be widely used in the aspects such as the impervious waterproof, shock resistance, reinforcing, reinforcement of traffic, building structure, as mentioned waterproof, the heat-insulating property of utilizing polymer mortar to improve styrofoam in the patent No. Chinese patent that is ZL20041001094.4.But because high viscosity, oleophylic are water insoluble, can not be in the curing characteristic of wet environment, ordinary hot thermosetting resin can not directly mix with hydrophilic material, long-term compatible weather resistance is difficult to effective guarantee, has limited resin material application more widely in field of civil engineering.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming above-mentioned defect, the invention provides a kind of hybrid composite for building, it overcomes existing nanofiber cement-based material, polymer-modified cementitious materials is quiet, dynamic mechanical properties is not enough, compatible weather resistance is low, electric property instability problem.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: it comprises following component by weight ratio: 100 parts of cement, 10-30 part water-base resin, 0.01-45 part water-base resin solidifying agent, 25-50 part water, the superplasticizer of 0.5-2 part, 0.1-5 part nanofiber, 0.1-5 part nanofiber dispersion agent, 0.01-3 part thickening stabilizer, 0.02-0.2 part suds suppressor.
Water-base resin (and/or supporting waterborne curing agent) be resin with the form of particulate or drop be scattered in join in external phase medium taking water stable resin emulsion; can mix preferably use with cement-based material; in wet environment, cohere curingly, improve the performance such as closely knit water-repellancy, toughness of cement-based material after sclerosis.By nanofiber and water-base resin, effectively combination is compound in cement-based material, form the netted cement structure without macroscopic defects (MDF), the water proof anti-seepage ability of porousness cement-based material will not only be improved, the polarizing effect existing in inner porousness solution when effectively elimination conductive-nano-fibers wild phase is answered hybrid composite electrical testing, and the macromolecular chain segment that can bring into play macromolecule resin material shows distinctive toughness and visco-elasticity under the long term of external force/distortion, and then make hybrid composite there is good shock resistance and dynamic antivibration damping capacity.
Matrix material of the present invention also comprises the sand of 100-250 weight part.Sand is medium sand, and fineness modulus is that 2.3-3.0, median size are 0.35-0.5mm; Or fine sand, fineness modulus is that 1.6-2.2, median size are 0.25-0.35mm; Or special fine sand, fineness modulus below 1.5, median size is below 0.25mm.
Preferably, thickening stabilizer is a kind of in methylcellulose gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, Natvosol, hydroxyethylmethyl-cellulose, Vltra tears, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, gelatin, gum arabic or wherein several mixing; Nanofiber dispersion agent is a kind of in alkylphenol polyoxyethylene class, Triton X-100, methylcellulose gum, gum arabic, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, poly-(methyl) sodium acrylate, Sodium desoxycholate or wherein several mixing; Suds suppressor is the one in polyacrylic ester, silane ketone polyethers, polypropylene glycerol aether, polydimethylsiloxane; Nanofiber is carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotube, SiC nano fiber, TiO 2nanofiber, SiO 2a kind of in nanofiber, ceramic nanofibers, silicon nanofiber, nylon 6/nanometer fiber, polyaniline nano fiber, polyvinyl alcohol nano, polyimide nano-fiber or wherein several mixing; Water-base resin is the one in aqueous epoxy resins, resol resins, water-based urea-formaldehyde resin, water-based melamine-formaldehyde resin, waterborne polyurethane resin, water-soluble poly imide resin; Superplasticizer is a kind of in carboxylic acid polyetherester block copolymer series high-efficiency water-reducing agent, naphthalene sulfonic salt formaldehyde condensation products series high-efficiency water-reducing agent, sulfonated melamine compound resin series high-efficiency water-reducing agent or wherein several mixing.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of above-mentioned materials, comprises the steps:
(1) by weight 0.01-3 part thickening stabilizer, 0.1-5 part nanofiber dispersion agent, 0.02-0.2 part suds suppressor are dissolved in in 25-50 part water, to be mixed with mass concentration be 0.1%~10% solution;
(2) 0.1-5 weight part nanofiber is joined in solution, carry out high-speed stirring, supersound process, and then suspension is carried out to centrifugal treating, separate out stable colloidal dispersion;
(2) colloidal dispersion is slowly joined to mechanical stirring in 10-30 weight part water-based resin, then add 0.01-45 weight part water-based resin curing agent, stir evenly;
(3) add 0.1-25 weight parts water, 100 parts by weight of cement, obtain cement mixing slurry;
(4) mixed slurry is packed in die trial, vacuumize de-bubble, jolt ramming moulding;
(5), after cement initial set, the maintenance of use resin/curing agent mixed diluting liquid surface coverage, to the predetermined length of time, obtains hybrid composite.
The present invention first makes corresponding aqueous liquid dispersion by the dispersion of combination emulsifying agent, shear agitation dispersion, supersound process dispersion, the stable method of thickening material by nanofiber, then be successively mixed in water-base resin, cement (glue sand) material, realize nanofiber good distribution and network distribution in water-base resin system and follow-up resin/cement mix matrix, form fine and close netted cement structure with hardening resin, cement.By the bridge effect of resin cured film in advance, nanofiber and cement-based material form the ability of cohering preferably, on cement matrix deformation process median surface, have larger relative viscous resistance, thereby improved dynamic shock resistance and the dynamic antivibration damping property of hybrid composite.Than the nanofiber cement-base composite material of standard, the shock strength of hybrid composite, elongation at break, ratio of damping, impervious coefficient can exceed respectively 233.7%, 315.1%, 313.9%, 356.9%, and its electrical performance testing repeatability has improved tens times.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
The step of hybrid composite is as follows: measure respectively 0.5g carboxymethyl cellulose, (commodity are called Triton x-100 to 5.0g alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, be called for short Tx100), 0.1g polyacrylic ester adds in 100mL distilled water (DSW), stirring and dissolving, makes mixed solution.Taking outside diameter is 25nm, multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (MWNT) 2.0g of length 15 μ m, slowly add while stirring in mixed solution, carry out respectively the mechanical stirring of 30 min, the ultrasonication of 3h (ultrasonic frequency 40kHz, power 60W), then the centrifugal treating of 10min is carried out in packing, separates out the not scattered agglomerate (weigh, the content that calculates MWNT in final dispersion liquid is 1.8%) of sedimentation, obtain uniform carbon nanotube aqueous liquid dispersion, for subsequent use.Take aqueous epoxy resins (EP) 22.4g, water-base resin solidifying agent 33.6g, resin and solidifying agent 5min that stirring at low speed is mixed, then stir while add MWNT aqueous liquid dispersion 15ml, add DSW69.2ml, continue low speed and stir, until EP resin white viscous mixture is dissolved in MWNT aqueous liquid dispersion, form the mixing solutions of uniformity.3.0g superplasticizer FDN, 300g cement are added in mixing solutions successively, continue to stir 10min, until become even mixed slurry.Finally pack in mould, after froth in vacuum 5min, shift out, jolt ramming is floating.After cement initial set, water-based EP and corresponding solidifying agent mixed solution covering curing on test specimen surface with 5 times of dilutions arrive the predetermined length of time, obtain carbon nano tube/epoxy resin/cement based hybrid composite.
Record this hybrid composite shock strength, elongation at break, ratio of damping, impervious coefficient, resistivity measurement multiplicity (under the condition of identical electric field strength) than the carbon nanotube cement-base composite material of standard exceed respectively 153.9%, 315.1%, 167.3%, 356.9%, 12 times.
embodiment 2
In mixed slurry, add 0.5g carboxylic acid polyetherester block copolymer series high-efficiency water-reducing agent MPEG, 300g sand (fineness modulus is 1.6-2.2, and median size is 0.25-0.35mm).
Record this hybrid composite shock strength, elongation at break, ratio of damping, impervious coefficient, resistivity measurement multiplicity (under the condition of identical electric field strength), than the carbon nanotube cement-base composite material of standard exceed respectively 214.7%, 275.0%, 267.5%, 264.8%, 29 times.
The other the same as in Example 1.
embodiment 3
The step of hybrid composite is as follows: measure respectively 1g gum arabic, 6g Triton X-100,0.2g silane ketone polyethers, add in 150mL distilled water, stirring and dissolving, makes mixed solution.Take carbon nanotube 4.5g, slowly add while stirring in mixed solution, carry out respectively the mechanical stirring of 30min, the ultrasonication of 3h (ultrasonic frequency 40kHz, power 100W), then the centrifugal treating of 15min is carried out in packing, separating out the not scattered agglomerate of sedimentation (weighs, the content that calculates carbon nanotube in final dispersion liquid is 2.5%), obtain uniform carbon nanotube aqueous liquid dispersion, for subsequent use.Take resol resins 30g, water-base resin solidifying agent 30g, resin and solidifying agent 5min that stirring at low speed is mixed, then stir while add water-based carbon nano tube dispersion liquid 15ml, add water 80ml, continue low speed and stir, until resin white viscous mixture is dissolved in aqueous liquid dispersion, form the mixing solutions of uniformity.3.0g carboxylic acid polyetherester block copolymer series high-efficiency water-reducing agent (MPEG), 300g cement, 300g sand (for fineness modulus is that 1.6-2.2, median size are the fine sand of 0.25-0.35 mm) are added in mixing solutions successively, continue to stir 10 min, until become even mixed slurry.Finally pack in mould, froth in vacuum 5min shifts out, and jolt ramming is floating.After cement initial set, resol resins and corresponding solidifying agent mixed solution covering curing on test specimen surface with 5 times of dilutions arrive the predetermined length of time, obtain hybrid composite.
Record this hybrid composite shock strength, elongation at break, ratio of damping, impervious coefficient, resistivity measurement multiplicity (under the condition of identical electric field strength) than the carbon nanotube cement-base composite material of standard exceed respectively 233.7%, 74.8%, 313.9%, 175.0%, 23 times.
embodiment 4
Thickening stabilizer is that the equal proportion of polyvinyl alcohol, gum arabic is mixed, and nanofiber dispersion agent is methylcellulose gum, and suds suppressor is polypropylene glycerol aether, and nanofiber is TiO 2nanofiber, SiO 2nanofiber equal proportion is mixed, aqueous thermosetting resin and corresponding water-base resin solidifying agent are water-based urea-formaldehyde resin, superplasticizer is sulfonated melamine compound resin series high-efficiency water-reducing agent SMF, and sand is special fine sand (fineness modulus below 1.5, median size below 0.25 mm).
Record this hybrid composite shock strength, elongation at break, ratio of damping, impervious coefficient, exceed respectively 13.8%, 24.7%, 7.3%, 19.7% than the carbon nanotube cement-base composite material of standard.
The other the same as in Example 1.
embodiment 5
Thickening stabilizer is carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, the mixing of gelatin, nanofiber dispersion agent is alkylphenol polyoxyethylene class, the mixing of gum arabic, suds suppressor is polydimethylsiloxane, nanofiber is ceramic nanofibers, the mixing of silicon nanofiber, aqueous thermosetting resin and corresponding water-base resin solidifying agent are water-based melamine-formaldehyde resin, superplasticizer is carboxylic acid polyetherester block copolymer series high-efficiency water-reducing agent MPEG, the mixing of naphthalene sulfonic salt formaldehyde condensation products series high-efficiency water-reducing agent FDN, sand is that (fineness modulus is 2.3-3.0 to medium sand, median size is 0.35-0.5mm).
Record this hybrid composite shock strength, elongation at break, ratio of damping, impervious coefficient, exceed respectively 54.2%, 75.1%, 68.0%, 26.7% than the carbon nanotube cement-base composite material of standard.
The other the same as in Example 1.
embodiment 6
Thickening stabilizer is gum arabic, nanofiber dispersion agent is the mixing in poly-(methyl) sodium acrylate, Sodium desoxycholate, suds suppressor is polydimethylsiloxane, nanofiber is nylon 6/nanometer fiber, polyaniline nano fiber, the mixing of polyvinyl alcohol nano equal proportion, aqueous thermosetting resin and corresponding water-base resin solidifying agent are water-soluble poly imide resin, superplasticizer is sulfonated melamine compound resin series high-efficiency water-reducing agent SMF, and sand is special fine sand (fineness modulus below 1.5, median size below 0.25mm).
Record this hybrid composite shock strength, elongation at break, ratio of damping, impervious coefficient, exceed respectively 54.6%, 275.6%, 267.7%, 87.3% than the carbon nanotube cement-base composite material of standard.
The other the same as in Example 1.

Claims (5)

1. a preparation method for nanocomposite for building, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) by weight 0.01-3 part thickening stabilizer, 0.1-5 part nanofiber dispersion agent, 0.02-0.2 part suds suppressor are dissolved in in 25-50 part water, to be mixed with mass concentration be 0.1%~10% solution;
(2) 0.1-5 weight part nanofiber is joined in solution, carry out high-speed stirring, supersound process, and then suspension is carried out to centrifugal treating, separate out stable colloidal dispersion;
(2) colloidal dispersion is slowly joined to mechanical stirring in 10-30 weight part water-based resin, then add 0.01-45 weight part water-based resin curing agent, stir evenly;
(3) add 0.1-25 weight parts water, 100 parts by weight of cement, obtain cement mixing slurry;
(4) mixed slurry is packed in die trial, vacuumize de-bubble, jolt ramming moulding;
(5), after cement initial set, the maintenance of use resin/curing agent mixed diluting liquid surface coverage, to the predetermined length of time, obtains hybrid composite.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, component by weight ratio: the superplasticizer that adds 0.5-2 weight part in cement mixing slurry.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, adds the sand of 100-250 weight part in cement mixing slurry.
4. preparation method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, sand is medium sand, fineness modulus is that 2.3-3.0, median size are 0.35-0.5mm or fine sand, fineness modulus is that 1.6-2.2, median size are 0.25-0.35 mm or special fine sand, fineness modulus below 1.5, median size is below 0.25 mm.
5. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, thickening stabilizer is a kind of in methylcellulose gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, Natvosol, hydroxyethylmethyl-cellulose, Vltra tears, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, gelatin, gum arabic or wherein several mixing; Nanofiber dispersion agent is a kind of in alkylphenol polyoxyethylene class, Triton X-100, methylcellulose gum, gum arabic, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, poly-(methyl) sodium acrylate, Sodium desoxycholate or wherein several mixing; Suds suppressor is the one in polyacrylic ester, silane ketone polyethers, polypropylene glycerol aether, polydimethylsiloxane; Nanofiber is carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotube, SiC nano fiber, TiO 2nanofiber, SiO 2a kind of in nanofiber, ceramic nanofibers, silicon nanofiber, nylon 6/nanometer fiber, polyaniline nano fiber, polyvinyl alcohol nano, polyimide nano-fiber or wherein several mixing; Water-base resin is the one in aqueous epoxy resins, resol resins, water-based urea-formaldehyde resin, water-based melamine-formaldehyde resin, waterborne polyurethane resin, water-soluble poly imide resin; Superplasticizer is a kind of in carboxylic acid polyetherester block copolymer series high-efficiency water-reducing agent, naphthalene sulfonic salt formaldehyde condensation products series high-efficiency water-reducing agent, sulfonated melamine compound resin series high-efficiency water-reducing agent or wherein several mixing.
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