CN102932718A - Electret microphone picking up differential signals - Google Patents
Electret microphone picking up differential signals Download PDFInfo
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- CN102932718A CN102932718A CN2012104527819A CN201210452781A CN102932718A CN 102932718 A CN102932718 A CN 102932718A CN 2012104527819 A CN2012104527819 A CN 2012104527819A CN 201210452781 A CN201210452781 A CN 201210452781A CN 102932718 A CN102932718 A CN 102932718A
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- vibrating diaphragm
- circuit board
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electret microphone picking up differential signals. The electret microphone comprises a shell. The bottom of the shell is provided with sound holes. The top of the shell is provided with a circuit board. An electrode plate is arranged above the sound holes and in the shell. A second insulation gasket is arranged on the electrode plate. A vibration membrane is arranged on the second insulation gasket. A first insulation gasket is arranged on the vibration membrane. A back electrode plate is arranged on the first insulation gasket. The back electrode plate, the vibration membrane and the electrode plate are respectively and electrically connected with the circuit board. The back electrode plate and the vibration membrane form a capacitor. The vibration membrane and the electrode plate form another capacitor. The vibration membrane is connected with the ground. The back electrode plate is connected with an inverted input end of an operational amplifier. The electrode plate is connected with an in-phase input end of the operational amplifier. A differential structure is formed among the back electrode plate, the electrode plate and the vibration membrane, and therefore the electret microphone in differential structure is formed. The electret microphone can effectively amplify different-mode signals and restrain common-mode signals, thereby ensuring effects of a high signal to noise ratio and high sensitivity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of microphone, be applicable to high s/n ratio, highly sensitive electret microphone, specifically, relate to a kind of electret microphone that picks up differential signal, belong to the mike technique field.
Background technology
Electret microphone is a kind of as microphone, on the electronic products such as it is little because of volume, frequency is wide, low cost and other advantages is widely used in telephone set, intercom, voice-operated device, mobile phone, headset, watch-dog, hearing aids, MP3, MP4, digital camera.
Signal to noise ratio, sensitivity are the important technology indexs of microphone, signal to noise ratio refers to microphone at when output signal component and the ratio of noise contribution, signal to noise ratio is higher, the quality of microphone is better, because when pickup to as if during very faint sound, in order to record, can to listen clearly when amplifying, improving amplification quantity can hardly be avoided, this moment, the microphone of high s/n ratio just can reduce the noise of bringing next stage into, signal to noise ratio is low, noise is serious when small-signal is inputted, and obviously becomes muddy at the sound of whole range, has a strong impact on tonequality; Sensitivity represents the acoustic-electric conversion efficiency of microphone, can find out that from sensitivity the signal level that microphone is picked up rises to the needed amplification quantity of line level, Sensitirity va1ue also makes the recording engineer easily judge the difference of two microphone output levels, under the excitation of same sound pressure level, relatively the output voltage that produces of the microphone of muting sensitivity is large for the microphone with higher sensitivity.
At present, the structural representation of electret microphone as shown in Figure 1, the bottom of shell 13 is provided with sound hole 20, the below of sound hole 20 is provided with Air Filter 12, be provided with successively zona 18 in the shell 13 of sound hole 20 tops, vibrating diaphragm 6, the first insulation spacer 4 and housing 17, the cavity bottom of housing 17 is provided with back pole plate 3, back pole plate 3 is positioned at the top of the first insulation spacer 4, the top of back pole plate 3 is provided with damping mat 18, the periphery of damping mat 18 is provided with conducting ring 16, conducting ring 16 is located between back pole plate 3 and the circuit board 1, described conducting ring 16 is used for the signal on the back pole plate 3 is passed to circuit board 1, the first insulation spacer 4 is separated vibrating diaphragm 6 and back pole plate 3 insulation, vibrating diaphragm 6 consists of a capacitor with back pole plate 3, the energy converting structure of described microphone is made of back pole plate 3 and vibrating diaphragm 6, as shown in Figure 2, back pole plate 3 connects the grid of field effect transistor 15, vibrating diaphragm 6 is the metal film of two sides nickel plating, vibrating diaphragm 6 connects the source electrode of field effect transistor 15, the source electrode of field effect transistor 15 connects power cathode, the drain electrode of field effect transistor 15 connects positive source, back pole plate 3 consists of a capacitor with vibrating diaphragm 6, when microphone receives sound, vibrating diaphragm 6 vibration-generatings, changed the distance between vibrating diaphragm 6 and the back pole plate 3, caused the capacitance between vibrating diaphragm 6 and the back pole plate 3 to change, thereby produced the signal of telecommunication.
In realizing process of the present invention, the inventor finds to exist at least in the prior art following problem, and field effect transistor 15 has also been amplified the interference signal in the system when useful signal is amplified, and its signal to noise ratio is difficult to effectively be guaranteed; The displacement that vibrating diaphragm 6 changes is less, is difficult to satisfy to the picking up of small-signal, and sensitivity is low.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is for above deficiency, a kind of electret microphone that picks up differential signal is provided, overcome signal to noise ratio and the low defective of sensitivity in the prior art, adopt microphone of the present invention after, have advantages of signal to noise ratio and highly sensitive.
For solving above technical problem, the present invention is by the following technical solutions: a kind of electret microphone that picks up differential signal, comprise shell, the bottom of shell is provided with sound hole, and the top of shell is provided with circuit board, it is characterized in that: be provided with pole plate in the shell of described sound hole top, the top of pole plate is provided with the second insulation spacer, the top of the second insulation spacer is provided with vibrating diaphragm, and the top of vibrating diaphragm is provided with the first insulation spacer, and the top of the first insulation spacer is provided with back pole plate;
Described back pole plate, vibrating diaphragm and pole plate are electrically connected with circuit board respectively.
A kind of prioritization scheme is provided with ceramic ring between described vibrating diaphragm and the circuit board;
The bottom of described ceramic ring is fixedly connected with vibrating diaphragm;
Described ceramic ring is located at the outside of the first insulation spacer and back pole plate.
Another kind of prioritization scheme is electrically connected with the bullet pad between described back pole plate and the circuit board.
Another prioritization scheme is electrically connected with the first conductive component between described vibrating diaphragm and the circuit board;
Be electrically connected with the second conductive component between described pole plate and the circuit board.
Further prioritization scheme, described the first conductive component is comprised of two semicircular ring that connect;
Second annulus of described the first conductive component is electrically connected with vibrating diaphragm;
First annulus of described the first conductive component is electrically connected with circuit board;
The contact-making surface of described the first conductive component and shell is insulating barrier.
Prioritization scheme further, described the second conductive component is comprised of two semicircular ring that connect;
Second annulus of described the second conductive component is electrically connected with pole plate;
First annulus of described the second conductive component is electrically connected with circuit board;
The contact-making surface of described the second conductive component and shell is insulating barrier.
Prioritization scheme further, the below of described pole plate is provided with the 3rd insulation spacer.
A kind of prioritization scheme is provided with Air Filter between described sound hole and the 3rd insulation spacer.
Another kind of prioritization scheme, described circuit board is provided with amplifying circuit;
Described amplifying circuit comprises operational amplifier;
Described back pole plate is connected with the inverting input of operational amplifier;
Described pole plate is connected with the in-phase input end of operational amplifier;
Described vibrating diaphragm connects the earth terminal of operational amplifier.
Another prioritization scheme, described amplifying circuit also comprises field effect transistor;
The output of described operational amplifier is connected with the grid of field effect transistor;
The source ground of described field effect transistor;
The drain electrode of described field effect transistor is connected with the power end of operational amplifier.
After the present invention adopts above technical scheme, compared with prior art, have the following advantages: back pole plate and vibrating diaphragm are separated capacitor of formation by insulation spacer, vibrating diaphragm and pole plate are separated another capacitor of formation by insulation spacer, vibrating diaphragm is through the first conductive component ground connection, back pole plate links to each other with the inverting input of operational amplifier through the bullet pad, pole plate links to each other with the in-phase input end of operational amplifier through the second conductive component, back pole plate, consist of differential configuration between pole plate and the vibrating diaphragm, consist of thus a kind of electret microphone with differential configuration, can effectively amplify difference mode signal, suppress common-mode signal, thereby guarantee that electret microphone has high s/n ratio, highly sensitive effect.
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of microphone in the prior art;
Accompanying drawing 2 is fundamental diagrams of microphone in the prior art;
Accompanying drawing 3 is structural representations of microphone in the embodiment of the invention;
Accompanying drawing 4 is electrical schematic diagrams of microphone in the embodiment of the invention 1;
Accompanying drawing 5 is electrical schematic diagrams of microphone in the embodiment of the invention 2;
Among the figure,
The 1-circuit board, 2-bullet pad, 3-back pole plate, 4-the first insulation spacer, the 5-ceramic ring, 6-vibrating diaphragm, 7-the first conductive component, 8-the second conductive component, 9-the second insulation spacer, 10-pole plate, 11-the 3rd insulation spacer, the 12-Air Filter, 13-shell, 14-operational amplifier, the 15-field effect transistor, 16-conducting ring, 17-housing, the 18-damping mat, 19-zona, 20-sound hole.
Embodiment
The top that the top of Air Filter 12 is provided with the 3rd insulation spacer 11, the three insulation spacers 11 of ring-type is provided with pole plate 10, the three insulation spacers 11 for support polar plate 10 and prevents that pole plate 10 from contacting with shell 13;
The top of pole plate 10 is provided with the second insulation spacer 9 of ring-type, the top of the second insulation spacer 9 is provided with vibrating diaphragm 6, vibrating diaphragm 6 is the metal film of two sides nickel plating, the second insulation spacer 9 is used for pole plate 10 and vibrating diaphragm 6 insulation separations and guarantees to leave the gap between pole plate 10 and the vibrating diaphragm 6, thereby guarantees that pole plate 10 and vibrating diaphragm 6 consist of an electric capacity;
The top of vibrating diaphragm 6 is provided with ceramic ring 5, the top of ceramic ring 5 is provided with circuit board 1, the lower surface of ceramic ring 5 and vibrating diaphragm 6 are pasted fixing, be provided with successively the first insulation spacer 4 of ring-type in the cavity of ceramic ring 5, back pole plate 3, bullet pad 2, the first insulation spacer 4 is arranged between back pole plate 3 and the vibrating diaphragm 6, to leave the gap between back pole plate 3 and vibrating diaphragm 6 insulation separations and assurance back pole plate 3 and the vibrating diaphragm 6, thereby guarantee that back pole plate 3 and vibrating diaphragm 6 consist of an electric capacity, bullet pad 2 is elastomeric element, the lower surface of bullet pad 2 and back pole plate 3 close contacts, the upper surface of bullet pad 2 and circuit board 1 close contact are used for electrical signal transfer with back pole plate 3 to circuit board 1;
The lateral surface of ceramic ring 5 is connected with conductive component, and the contact-making surface of conductive component and shell 13 is insulating barrier, described conductive component comprises independently the first conductive component 7 and the second conductive component 8, the first conductive component 7 be connected conductive component 8 and formed by two semicircular ring that connect respectively, second annulus of the first conductive component 7 is arranged between vibrating diaphragm 6 and the second insulation spacer 9, second annulus of the first conductive component 7 and the contact-making surface of vibrating diaphragm 6 are conductive layer, second annulus of the first conductive component 7 and the contact-making surface of the second insulation spacer 9 are insulating barrier, first annulus of the first conductive component 7 is electrically connected with circuit board 1, vibrating diaphragm 6 is connected to circuit board 1 by the first conductive component 7, carries out ground connection;
Second annulus of the second conductive component 8 is arranged between the second insulation spacer 9 and the pole plate 10, second annulus of the second conductive component 8 and the contact-making surface of pole plate 10 are conductive layer, second annulus of the second conductive component 8 and the contact-making surface of the second insulation spacer 9 are insulating barrier, first annulus of the second conductive component 8 is electrically connected with circuit board 1, pole plate 10 is connected to circuit board 1 by the second conductive component 8, is used for electrical signal transfer with pole plate 10 to circuit board 1.
Described circuit board 1 is provided with amplifying circuit, described amplifying circuit comprises operational amplifier 14, the electrical principle of described microphone as shown in Figure 4, back pole plate 3 is connected with the inverting input of operational amplifier 14, pole plate 10 is connected with the in-phase input end of operational amplifier 14, vibrating diaphragm 6 is connected with the earth terminal of operational amplifier 14, the power supply termination power of operational amplifier 14, the output termination signal output part of operational amplifier 14, described microphone comprises three ports: an end ground connection, one termination power, a termination signal output part.
Vibrating diaphragm 6 consists of a capacitor with pole plate 10, vibrating diaphragm 6 consists of a capacitor with back pole plate 3, wherein, pole plate 10 is fixedly installed respectively with back pole plate 3, when microphone receives extraneous acoustic perturbation, vibrating diaphragm 6 shakes, produce two equal and opposite in directions at described two capacitors respectively, the opposite polarity signal of telecommunication, it is difference mode signal, and the signal of telecommunication that produces on the pole plate 10 is passed to the in-phase input end of operational amplifier 14 on the circuit board 1 by the second conductive component 8, the signal of telecommunication that produces on the back pole plate 3 is passed to the inverting input of operational amplifier 14 on the circuit board 1 by bullet pad 2, so just, consisted of a kind of electret microphone with differential configuration, can effectively amplify difference mode signal, suppress common-mode signal, thereby guarantee that electret microphone has high s/n ratio, highly sensitive effect.
The top that the top of Air Filter 12 is provided with the 3rd insulation spacer 11, the three insulation spacers 11 of ring-type is provided with pole plate 10, the three insulation spacers 11 for support polar plate 10 and prevents that pole plate 10 from contacting with shell 13;
The top of pole plate 10 is provided with the second insulation spacer 9 of ring-type, the top of the second insulation spacer 9 is provided with vibrating diaphragm 6, vibrating diaphragm 6 is the metal film of two sides nickel plating, the second insulation spacer 9 is used for pole plate 10 and vibrating diaphragm 6 insulation separations and guarantees to leave the gap between pole plate 10 and the vibrating diaphragm 6, thereby guarantees that pole plate 10 and vibrating diaphragm 6 consist of an electric capacity;
The top of vibrating diaphragm 6 is provided with ceramic ring 5, the top of ceramic ring 5 is provided with circuit board 1, the lower surface of ceramic ring 5 and vibrating diaphragm 6 are pasted fixing, be provided with successively the first insulation spacer 4 of ring-type in the cavity of ceramic ring 5, back pole plate 3, bullet pad 2, the first insulation spacer 4 is arranged between back pole plate 3 and the vibrating diaphragm 6, to leave the gap between back pole plate 3 and vibrating diaphragm 6 insulation separations and assurance back pole plate 3 and the vibrating diaphragm 6, thereby guarantee that back pole plate 3 and vibrating diaphragm 6 consist of an electric capacity, bullet pad 2 is elastomeric element, the lower surface of bullet pad 2 and back pole plate 3 close contacts, the upper surface of bullet pad 2 and circuit board 1 close contact are used for electrical signal transfer with back pole plate 3 to circuit board 1;
The lateral surface of ceramic ring 5 is connected with conductive component, and the contact-making surface of conductive component and shell 13 is insulating barrier, described conductive component comprises independently the first conductive component 7 and the second conductive component 8, the first conductive component 7 be connected conductive component 8 and formed by two semicircular ring that connect respectively, second annulus of the first conductive component 7 is arranged between vibrating diaphragm 6 and the second insulation spacer 9, second annulus of the first conductive component 7 and the contact-making surface of vibrating diaphragm 6 are conductive layer, second annulus of the first conductive component 7 and the contact-making surface of the second insulation spacer 9 are insulating barrier, first annulus of the first conductive component 7 is electrically connected with circuit board 1, vibrating diaphragm 6 is connected to circuit board 1 by the first conductive component 7, carries out ground connection;
Second annulus of the second conductive component 8 is arranged between the second insulation spacer 9 and the pole plate 10, second annulus of the second conductive component 8 and the contact-making surface of pole plate 10 are conductive layer, second annulus of the second conductive component 8 and the contact-making surface of the second insulation spacer 9 are insulating barrier, first annulus of the second conductive component 8 is electrically connected with circuit board 1, pole plate 10 is connected to circuit board 1 by the second conductive component 8, is used for electrical signal transfer with pole plate 10 to circuit board 1.
Described circuit board 1 is provided with amplifying circuit, described amplifying circuit comprises operational amplifier 14 and field effect transistor 15, the electrical principle of described microphone as shown in Figure 5, back pole plate 3 is connected with the inverting input of operational amplifier 14, pole plate 10 is connected with the in-phase input end of operational amplifier 14, vibrating diaphragm 6 is connected with the earth terminal of operational amplifier 14, the output of operational amplifier 14 is connected with the grid of field effect transistor 15, the source ground of field effect transistor 15, the drain electrode of field effect transistor 15 is connected with the power end of operational amplifier 14, thereby make described microphone make two ports: end ground connection, power supplying from one direction and an output signal.
Operation principle is with embodiment 1.
The above is giving an example of best mode for carrying out the invention, and the part of wherein not addressing in detail is those of ordinary skills' common practise.Protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion with the content of claim, and any equivalent transformation that carries out based on technology enlightenment of the present invention is also within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. electret microphone that picks up differential signal, comprise shell (13), the bottom of shell (13) is provided with sound hole (20), the top of shell (13) is provided with circuit board (1), it is characterized in that: be provided with pole plate (10) in the shell (13) of described sound hole (20) top, the top of pole plate (10) is provided with the second insulation spacer (9), the top of the second insulation spacer (9) is provided with vibrating diaphragm (6), the top of vibrating diaphragm (6) is provided with the first insulation spacer (4), and the top of the first insulation spacer (4) is provided with back pole plate (3);
Described back pole plate (3), vibrating diaphragm (6) and pole plate (10) are electrically connected with circuit board (1) respectively.
2. a kind of electret microphone that picks up differential signal as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: be provided with ceramic ring (5) between described vibrating diaphragm (6) and the circuit board (1);
The bottom of described ceramic ring (5) is fixedly connected with vibrating diaphragm (6);
Described ceramic ring (5) is located at the outside of the first insulation spacer (4) and back pole plate (3).
3. a kind of electret microphone that picks up differential signal as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: be electrically connected with bullet pad (2) between described back pole plate (3) and the circuit board (1).
4. a kind of electret microphone that picks up differential signal as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: be electrically connected with the first conductive component (7) between described vibrating diaphragm (6) and the circuit board (1);
Be electrically connected with the second conductive component (8) between described pole plate (10) and the circuit board (1).
5. a kind of electret microphone that picks up differential signal as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: described the first conductive component (7) is comprised of two semicircular ring that connect;
Second annulus of described the first conductive component (7) is electrically connected with vibrating diaphragm (6);
First annulus of described the first conductive component (7) is electrically connected with circuit board (1);
Described the first conductive component (7) is insulating barrier with the contact-making surface of shell (13).
6. a kind of electret microphone that picks up differential signal as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: described the second conductive component (8) is comprised of two semicircular ring that connect;
Second annulus of described the second conductive component (8) is electrically connected with pole plate (10);
First annulus of described the second conductive component (8) is electrically connected with circuit board (1);
Described the second conductive component (8) is insulating barrier with the contact-making surface of shell (13).
7. a kind of electret microphone that picks up differential signal as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: the below of described pole plate (10) is provided with the 3rd insulation spacer (11).
8. a kind of electret microphone that picks up differential signal as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: be provided with Air Filter (12) between described sound hole (20) and the 3rd insulation spacer (11).
9. such as one of them described a kind of electret microphone that picks up differential signal of claim 1-8, it is characterized in that: described circuit board (1) is provided with amplifying circuit;
Described amplifying circuit comprises operational amplifier (14);
Described back pole plate (3) is connected with the inverting input of operational amplifier (14);
Described pole plate (10) is connected with the in-phase input end of operational amplifier (14);
Described vibrating diaphragm (6) connects the earth terminal of operational amplifier (14).
10. a kind of electret microphone that picks up differential signal as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that: described amplifying circuit also comprises field effect transistor (15);
The output of described operational amplifier (14) is connected with the grid of field effect transistor (15);
The source ground of described field effect transistor (15);
The drain electrode of described field effect transistor (15) is connected with the power end of operational amplifier (14).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210452781.9A CN102932718B (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2012-11-13 | A kind of electret microphone picking up differential signal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210452781.9A CN102932718B (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2012-11-13 | A kind of electret microphone picking up differential signal |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102932718A true CN102932718A (en) | 2013-02-13 |
| CN102932718B CN102932718B (en) | 2015-09-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201210452781.9A Active CN102932718B (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2012-11-13 | A kind of electret microphone picking up differential signal |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109429156A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-03-05 | 山东共达电声股份有限公司 | Electret microphone |
| CN109547907A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-03-29 | 东莞泉声电子有限公司 | Lesser electret capacitor microphone of noise coefficient and preparation method thereof |
| CN113141566A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-20 | 歌尔微电子股份有限公司 | Pickup assembly for microphone, bone conduction microphone and electronic product |
| WO2023142762A1 (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2023-08-03 | 青岛歌尔智能传感器有限公司 | Vibration assembly and manufacturing method therefor, bone voiceprint sensor, and electronic device |
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| CN101321413A (en) * | 2008-07-04 | 2008-12-10 | 瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司 | Condenser type microphone |
| WO2012122696A1 (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2012-09-20 | Goertek Inc. | Cmos compatible silicon differential condenser microphone and method for manufacturing the same |
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2012
- 2012-11-13 CN CN201210452781.9A patent/CN102932718B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101321413A (en) * | 2008-07-04 | 2008-12-10 | 瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司 | Condenser type microphone |
| WO2012122696A1 (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2012-09-20 | Goertek Inc. | Cmos compatible silicon differential condenser microphone and method for manufacturing the same |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109429156A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-03-05 | 山东共达电声股份有限公司 | Electret microphone |
| CN109429156B (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2024-03-01 | 山东共达电声股份有限公司 | Electret microphone |
| CN109547907A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-03-29 | 东莞泉声电子有限公司 | Lesser electret capacitor microphone of noise coefficient and preparation method thereof |
| CN109547907B (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2024-01-05 | 东莞泉声电子有限公司 | Electret capacitor microphone and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113141566A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-20 | 歌尔微电子股份有限公司 | Pickup assembly for microphone, bone conduction microphone and electronic product |
| WO2023142762A1 (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2023-08-03 | 青岛歌尔智能传感器有限公司 | Vibration assembly and manufacturing method therefor, bone voiceprint sensor, and electronic device |
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|---|---|
| CN102932718B (en) | 2015-09-30 |
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