CN102927959B - Strainmeter self-checking device and calibration steps - Google Patents
Strainmeter self-checking device and calibration steps Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of strainmeter self-checking device and calibration steps, self-checking device utilizes grating displacement sensor as standard, driving stepper motor, control with controller, reading and data processing, adopt closed-loop system completely, achieve the full automatic calibration of strainmeter and detection, wherein, the output accuracy of grating displacement sensor is 3 μm, ensure that the degree of accuracy of detection, horizontal base has two V-type rails be parallel to each other, beat and pitching is there is not when ensureing that tressel runs when load, the ability that can improve load and the scope be suitable for, high precision ball leading screw can ensure accurately transmit enough large torsion in motion process, method of the present invention can realize multiposition continuous coverage, improve the work efficiency of measurement, calibration equation adopts simple cubic equation to express, and enormously simplify calibration process, back to zero step eliminates the accumulated error that controller long-term work causes, and can further improve the precision that the method detects.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to computer measurement and control field, be specifically related to a kind of strainmeter self-checking device and calibration steps.
Background technology
Strainmeter is a kind of measurement instrument being widely used in construction engineering test, and it is of a great variety, is mainly used in the strain measurement of the various structures such as dam, bridge, pipeline, support, piling bar.During use, can directly by their Transducers Embedded in Concretes, thus the secular strain of Fundamentals of Measurement stake, bridge, dam, capsul, tunnel-liner etc.Thus, the performance of strainmeter and degree of accuracy have very important meaning to Construction Safety.
Especially in recent years, there is the accidents resulting from poor quality of projects such as bridge cracking, building collapsing in nationwide, causes heavy losses to national wealth frequently, brings great potential safety hazard also to the normal life of the people simultaneously.For building a harmonious society, escort for accelerating economic construction simultaneously, be necessary to develop as early as possible, develop a kind of can the checkout equipment of the accurate degree of accuracy of monitor strain instrument, with respond country to strengthen engineering safety measurement instrument supervision call and meet the need of market.
At present, the degree of accuracy standard-required of domestic industry-by-industry to strainmeter is uneven, goes back the vertification regulation that neither one is unified, makes technical supervision department very unfavorable to the supervision of this instrument.In addition, do not have ready-made calibration equipment to the linear error of wherein most important measuring index dependent variable and repeatability, great majority all adopt dial gauge or electronic digital indicator to detect.This method detection degree of accuracy is low, location difficulty, is difficult to the accuracy ensureing to measure.So applying unit urgently wishes that a set of authoritative pick-up unit and detection method can be examined and determine the precision of strainmeter.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiencies in the prior art, a set of raising is the object of the present invention is to provide to detect degree of accuracy, the Full-automatic calibration device simplifying calibration process and calibration steps.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Strainmeter self-checking device, it is characterized in that, comprise: for the fixed mount of fixing strainmeter one end, for the tressel of the aforementioned strainmeter other end of clamping, for placing the horizontal base of aforementioned fixed mount and tressel, for measuring the grating displacement sensor of aforementioned active frame shift position, for the mechanical driving driving aforementioned active frame to move horizontally, for controlling the stepper motor of aforementioned mechanical transmission component movement, for controlling the controller of aforementioned stepper motor work; Aforementioned grating displacement sensor is fixedly connected with tressel and parallel installation, and aforementioned grating displacement sensor is connected with controller electric signal; Aforementioned fixed mount is fixedly connected with horizontal base; Aforementioned active frame and horizontal base are slidably connected.
Aforesaid strainmeter self-checking device, is characterized in that, the output recurrent interval of aforementioned grating displacement sensor is 0.5 μm, and output accuracy is 3 μm.
Aforesaid strainmeter self-checking device, is characterized in that, aforementioned mechanical transmission component is high precision ball leading screw.
Aforesaid strainmeter self-checking device, is characterized in that, aforementioned fixed mount, tressel have the fixture for clamping strainmeter, and aforementioned fixture has anti-skidding lines, and are provided with zinc protective seam.
Aforesaid strainmeter self-checking device, it is characterized in that, aforementioned controllers comprises: for sending gating pulse and the data collecting card to aforementioned pulse counting to stepper motor, aforementioned data capture card is the diaxon stepping/servo control card of built-in 28 digit counters.
Aforesaid strainmeter self-checking device, is characterized in that, aforementioned levels base comprises: two V-type rails with V-type groove be parallel to each other, aforementioned active frame slides on V-type rail.
The method of aforesaid strainmeter self-checking device calibration strainmeter, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1), user inputs setup parameter in controller, and aforementioned setup parameter comprises: intend the dependent variable scope of the strainmeter measured, measure interval;
(2), controller reads aforementioned setup parameter and goes out the umber of pulse of the gating pulse of control step electric machine rotation according to the step size computation of stepper motor;
(3), controller exports aforementioned gating pulse, makes stepper motor turn over corresponding angle, and aforementioned stepper motor is by controlling the movement of mechanical driving and then driving tressel and grating displacement sensor to move;
(4), the displacement detected is sent to controller by grating displacement sensor in the form of a pulse, this displacement and known target measurement value compare by controller, when reaching preceding aim measured value, controller sends to stepper motor and ceases and desist order, and is inputted the reading of now strainmeter after aforementioned stepper motor stops operating by user in controller; Preceding aim measured value draws according to dependent variable scope and measurement interval calculation;
(5), repeat step (three) and (four), continue the comparison of next target measurement value;
(6), after all target measurement values all compare, controller, according to the reading of the reading of grating displacement sensor and the strainmeter of correspondence, calculates calibration equation;
(7), output detections result, aforementioned testing result comprises: calibration point position, strain-ga(u)ge reading, grating displacement sensor measured displacements, calibration equation, error, and aforementioned error is the absolute error between strain-ga(u)ge reading and grating displacement sensor measured displacements.
The method of aforesaid calibration strainmeter, is characterized in that, aforementioned calibration equation is controller according to the grating displacement sensor measured displacements P obtained and strain-ga(u)ge reading F, and the simple cubic equation utilizing least square fitting to obtain is specific as follows:
P＝a+b×F+c×F
2+d×F
3
Aforementioned a, b, c, d are fitting coefficient.
The method of aforesaid calibration strainmeter, is characterized in that, also comprises back to zero step, and aforementioned grating displacement sensor is provided with zero-bit, and controller starts stepper motor, drives grating displacement sensor to get back to zero locatino grating by aforementioned stepper motor.
The method of aforesaid calibration strainmeter, is characterized in that, back to zero step is specific as follows:
(1), controller is according to the position judgment back to zero direction of zero locatino grating;
(2), controller start stepper motor, moved by aforementioned stepper motor driving mechanical transmission component, so drive grating displacement sensor move;
(3), grating displacement sensor in real time to controller send pulse signal, when getting back to zero locatino grating place, controller sends to stepper motor and ceases and desist order, and back to zero step terminates.
Usefulness of the present invention is: device of the present invention utilizes grating displacement sensor as standard, driving stepper motor, with controller carry out controlling, reading and data processing, adopt closed-loop system completely, achieve the full automatic calibration of strainmeter and detection; The output accuracy of grating displacement sensor is 3 μm, ensure that the degree of accuracy of detection; Horizontal base has two V-type rails be parallel to each other, and when ensureing that tressel runs when load, beat and pitching does not occur, the ability substantially increasing load and the scope be suitable for; Adopt high precision ball leading screw, ensure accurately transmit enough large torsion in motion process; Method of the present invention, can realize multiposition continuous coverage, improves the work efficiency of measurement; Calibration equation utilizes least square method to obtain, and adopts simple cubic equation to express, and substantially increases and detects degree of accuracy, simplifies calibration process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of strainmeter self-checking device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic cross-section of V-type rail in strainmeter self-checking device of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of the method for calibration strainmeter of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of back to zero step in the method for calibration strainmeter of the present invention;
The implication of Reference numeral in figure: 1-fixed mount, 2-tressel, 3-grating displacement sensor, 4-mechanical driving, 5-stepper motor, 6-controller, 7-strainmeter, 8-V type guide rail, 9-V type groove.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, concrete introduction is done to the present invention.
With reference to Fig. 1, strainmeter self-checking device of the present invention, comprising: fixed mount, tressel, horizontal base, grating displacement sensor, mechanical driving, stepper motor, controller.Their relation is each other as follows:
Fixed mount and tressel are respectively from two ends clamping, fixing strainmeter; Horizontal base is for placing fixed mount and tressel, and horizontal base ensure that the relatively stable of fixed mount and tressel in the vertical direction position, and wherein, fixed mount is fixedly connected with horizontal base, and tressel and horizontal base are slidably connected.
Fixed mount, tressel have the fixture for clamping strainmeter, and as the preferred scheme of one, fixture has anti-skidding lines, and is provided with zinc protective seam.Anti-skidding lines can increase the friction force between fixture and strainmeter, itself is not moved relative to fixture, guarantees the precision detected in the process that strainmeter is moved with tressel; Zinc protective seam can increase the hardness of fixture, and then can bear more heavy weight load.
Grating displacement sensor is for measuring the position of tressel movement, be fixedly connected with tressel and parallel installation, herein be fixedly connected with and parallel installation refers to: grating displacement sensor and tressel are fixed together by parts such as web joint (not shown), screws (not shown), concrete fixed position is the side that grating displacement sensor is fixed on tressel, and non-top, and the two is parallel to each other.This kind of relative position relation, substantially reduces the offset error that tressel brings because load is excessive, thus improves the accuracy of detection of package unit.
As the preferred scheme of one, the output recurrent interval of grating displacement sensor is 0.5 μm, and output accuracy is 3 μm.Substantially increase the degree of accuracy of the detection of strainmeter self-checking device of the present invention.
Mechanical driving moves horizontally for driving tressel, is specifically arranged on the inner or top of horizontal base, the below of tressel or side.
As the preferred scheme of one, mechanical driving is high precision ball leading screw, can ensure accurately transmit enough large torsion in motion process.More specifically, high precision ball leading screw can select diameter to be greater than the high precision ball leading screw of 25mm.
As the preferred scheme of one, horizontal base includes the V-type rail of the V-type groove that two are parallel to each other, and with reference to Fig. 2, tressel slides along V-type rail under the drive of mechanical driving., there is not beat and pitching when ensure that tressel runs when load in the special construction of V-type rail, substantially increases the ability of tressel load and the scope be suitable for of device of the present invention.
Stepper motor moves for controlling mechanical driving, and the control of controlled device.The step-length of the setup parameter that controller inputs according to user and stepper motor can calculate the umber of pulse of the gating pulse of control step electric machine rotation and then the work of control step motor.Controller is connected with grating displacement sensor electric signal, receives the output pulse that grating displacement sensor transmits, and sends in due course and ceases and desist order, and then control the movement of grating displacement sensor according to the information exporting pulse to stepper motor.
As the preferred scheme of one, controller comprises: for sending gating pulse and the data collecting card (not shown) to above-mentioned step-by-step counting to stepper motor, data collecting card is the diaxon stepping/servo control card of built-in 28 digit counters.Diaxon stepping/servo control card can control sent pulsed frequency, pulse number and pulsed frequency rate of change accurately, because pulsed frequency is corresponding with motor rotation speed, pulse number and motor corner is corresponding, pulsed frequency rate of change and motor acceleration corresponding, so, it can meet the control overflow of the various complexity of stepper motor, and then promotes the detection precision of device of the present invention.
The method utilizing above-mentioned strainmeter self-checking device calibration strainmeter is described below, and with reference to Fig. 3, it mainly comprises following step:
(1), user inputs setup parameter in controller, and setup parameter comprises: intend the dependent variable scope of the strainmeter measured, measure interval.Such as, the dependent variable scope of input is 1mm, measures and is spaced apart 0.2mm, and so this group will have 5 target measurement values in measuring, and be respectively: 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm, 1.0mm;
(2), controller reads the dependent variable scope of input and measures interval, and going out the umber of pulse of the gating pulse of control step electric machine rotation according to the step size computation of stepper motor;
(3), controller exports above-mentioned gating pulse, stepper motor is made to turn over corresponding angle, step motor control mechanical driving moves corresponding distance in the horizontal direction, because mechanical driving drives tressel to move, and tressel is fixedly connected with grating displacement sensor, so finally driven grating displacement sensor to move corresponding distance;
(4), the displacement detected is sent to controller by grating displacement sensor in the form of a pulse, the pulse information received is translated as the displacement of grating sensor by controller again, then this displacement and known target measurement value are compared, such as: be compare with 0.2mm first, when the displacement of grating displacement sensor reaches above-mentioned target measurement value, controller sends to stepper motor and ceases and desist order, and is inputted the reading of now strainmeter after stepper motor stops operating by user in controller;
(5), repeat step (three) and (four), continue the comparison of next target measurement value, this next target measurement value respectively is: 0.4mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm, 1.0mm;
(6) after, all target measurement values all compare, after such as, 5 target measurement value 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm, 1.0mm in the present embodiment compare, controller, according to the reading of the reading of grating displacement sensor and the strainmeter of correspondence, calculates calibration equation;
(7), output detections result, above-mentioned testing result comprises: calibration point position, strain-ga(u)ge reading, grating displacement sensor measured displacements, calibration equation, error, all outputs in Excel form, convenient observe and prints.Wherein, error is the absolute error between strain-ga(u)ge reading and grating displacement sensor measured displacements.
As the preferred scheme of one, the calibration equation in step (six) is controller according to the grating displacement sensor measured displacements P obtained and strain-ga(u)ge reading F, and the simple cubic equation utilizing least square fitting to obtain is specific as follows:
P＝a+b×F+c×F
2+d×F
3
Wherein, a, b, c, d are fitting coefficient.
When above-mentioned 5 target measurement values are all measured complete, grating displacement sensor measured displacements P and strain-ga(u)ge reading F is substituted in formula and obtains fitting coefficient a, b, c, d.In measurement range, give the numerical value that strain-ga(u)ge reading F mono-is concrete, then this concrete numerical value is substituted in formula and obtain corresponding grating displacement sensor measured displacements P, then P and F is done difference, namely the error of strainmeter is obtained, if error in allowed limits, illustrates that the precision of this strainmeter meets the requirements, be specification product, can grant and dispatch from the factory; If error is beyond the scope allowed, illustrates that this strainmeter precision is inadequate, belong to substandard product, can not grant and dispatch from the factory.
The calibration equation used in method of the present invention, utilizes least square method to obtain, and adopts simple cubic equation to express, and substantially increases and detects degree of accuracy, simplifies calibration process.
As the preferred scheme of one, the method for calibration strainmeter of the present invention, also comprises back to zero step.Grating displacement sensor is provided with zero-bit, and after user selects back to zero pattern, controller starts stepper motor, and stepper motor drives grating displacement sensor to get back to zero locatino grating place.With reference to Fig. 4, concrete steps are as follows:
(1), controller is according to the position judgment back to zero direction of zero locatino grating;
(2), controller start stepper motor, moved by stepper motor driving mechanical transmission component, so drive grating displacement sensor move;
(3), grating displacement sensor in real time to controller send pulse signal, when getting back to zero locatino grating place, controller sends to stepper motor and ceases and desist order, and back to zero step terminates.
Back to zero process is used for eliminating the accumulated error that controller long-term work causes, and can further improve the precision that the method detects.
It should be noted that, above-described embodiment does not limit the present invention in any form, the technical scheme that the mode that all employings are equal to replacement or equivalent transformation obtains, and all drops in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. strainmeter self-checking device, it is characterized in that, comprise: for the fixed mount of fixing strainmeter one end, for the tressel of the above-mentioned strainmeter other end of clamping, for placing the horizontal base of above-mentioned fixed mount and tressel, for measuring the grating displacement sensor of above-mentioned tressel shift position, for the mechanical driving driving above-mentioned tressel to move horizontally, for controlling the stepper motor of above-mentioned mechanical driving movement, for controlling the controller of above-mentioned stepper motor work; Above-mentioned grating displacement sensor is fixedly connected with tressel and parallel installation, and above-mentioned grating displacement sensor is connected with controller electric signal; Above-mentioned fixed mount is fixedly connected with horizontal base; Above-mentioned tressel and horizontal base are slidably connected; Above-mentioned mechanical driving is high precision ball leading screw; Above-mentioned fixed mount, tressel have the fixture for clamping strainmeter, and above-mentioned fixture has anti-skidding lines, and are provided with zinc protective seam; Above-mentioned horizontal base comprises: two V-type rails with V-type groove be parallel to each other, and above-mentioned tressel slides on V-type rail; The output recurrent interval of above-mentioned grating displacement sensor is 0.5 μm; Above-mentioned controller comprises: for sending gating pulse and the data collecting card to above-mentioned step-by-step counting to stepper motor, above-mentioned data collecting card is the diaxon stepping/servo control card of built-in 28 digit counters.
2. utilize the method for the strainmeter self-checking device calibration strainmeter described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1), user inputs setup parameter in controller, and above-mentioned setup parameter comprises: intend the dependent variable scope of the strainmeter measured, measure interval;
(2), controller reads above-mentioned setup parameter and goes out the umber of pulse of the gating pulse of control step electric machine rotation according to the step size computation of stepper motor;
(3), controller exports above-mentioned gating pulse, makes stepper motor turn over corresponding angle, and above-mentioned stepper motor is by controlling the movement of mechanical driving and then driving tressel and grating displacement sensor to move;
(4), the displacement detected is sent to controller by grating displacement sensor in the form of a pulse, this displacement and known target measurement value compare by controller, when reaching above-mentioned target measurement value, controller sends to stepper motor and ceases and desist order, and is inputted the reading of now strainmeter after above-mentioned stepper motor stops operating by user in controller; Above-mentioned target measurement value draws according to dependent variable scope and measurement interval calculation;
(5), repeat step (three) and (four), continue the comparison of next target measurement value;
(6), after all target measurement values all compare, controller, according to the reading of the reading of grating displacement sensor and the strainmeter of correspondence, calculates calibration equation;
(7), output detections result, above-mentioned testing result comprises: calibration point position, strain-ga(u)ge reading, grating displacement sensor measured displacements, calibration equation, error, and above-mentioned error is the absolute error between strain-ga(u)ge reading and grating displacement sensor measured displacements.
3. the method for calibration strainmeter according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned calibration equation is controller according to the grating displacement sensor measured displacements P obtained and strain-ga(u)ge reading F, and the simple cubic equation utilizing least square fitting to obtain is specific as follows:
P＝a+b×F+c×F
2+d×F
3
Above-mentioned a, b, c, d are fitting coefficient.
4. the method for the calibration strainmeter according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, also comprise back to zero step, above-mentioned grating displacement sensor is provided with zero-bit, controller starts stepper motor, drives grating displacement sensor to get back to zero locatino grating by above-mentioned stepper motor.
5. the method for calibration strainmeter according to claim 4, is characterized in that, back to zero step is specific as follows:
(1), controller is according to the position judgment back to zero direction of zero locatino grating;
(2), controller start stepper motor, moved by above-mentioned stepper motor driving mechanical transmission component, so drive grating displacement sensor move;
(3), grating displacement sensor in real time to controller send pulse signal, when getting back to zero locatino grating place, controller sends to stepper motor and ceases and desist order, and back to zero step terminates.
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