CN102927746A - Refrigeratory refrigerating system in cold chain - Google Patents
Refrigeratory refrigerating system in cold chain Download PDFInfo
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- CN102927746A CN102927746A CN2012104894199A CN201210489419A CN102927746A CN 102927746 A CN102927746 A CN 102927746A CN 2012104894199 A CN2012104894199 A CN 2012104894199A CN 201210489419 A CN201210489419 A CN 201210489419A CN 102927746 A CN102927746 A CN 102927746A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a refrigeratory refrigerating system in a cold chain. The refrigeratory refrigerating system in the cold chain is internally provided with at least two air coolers; when the air coolers act as evaporators together in refrigeration, a refrigeration circulation system is realized; and when the air coolers act as condensers and evaporators in turn, a defrosting circulation system for defrosting step by step is realized. The refrigeratory refrigerating system in the cold chain is controlled by a micro computer control system to operate the refrigeration circulation system or the defrosting circulation system, overcomes the defects of the existing refrigeratory defrosting mode, and improves the refrigeratory defrosting efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The refrigeration system of the freezer defrosting method that the present invention relates to and this defrosting method of application is applicable to use the freezer of freon refrigerant, is particularly useful for using aerial cooler as the fluorine system freezer of evaporimeter.These freezers comprise: food product refrigeration processing and refrigeration freezer, medicine freezer, fruit freezer, vegetable cold storing storehouse, tealeaves freezer and other industrial freezers etc.By the improvement to evaporator fin defrosting mode, improved the defrosting efficient of evaporimeter and the security performance of refrigeration unit, saved the energy, reduced the freezer operating cost.The present invention relates to the fields such as refrigeration, electronics, electrical equipment and automatic control.
Background technology
Freezer is the visual plant of food production, processing, distributors, also is the infrastructure of agricultural product Cold Chain Logistics.According to " the agricultural product Cold Chain Logistics development plan " that National Development and Reform Committee announces in July, 2010,8,800,000 tons of the existing freezer total capacities of China will be increased to 1,880 ten thousand tons by 2015.For a long time, the agricultural products in China post-harvest loss is serious, and fruits and vegetables, meat, the rotten loss rate of Distribution of Aquatic Products reach respectively 20%, 12%, 15%, and only the annual loss of fruits and vegetables one class is just above 1,000 hundred million yuan.Simultaneously, be subject to fresh agricultural products and concentrate fresh-keeping, accumulating ability restriction after the listing, agricultural product " are sold difficulty " and price seasonal fluctuation particularly thorny, and Higher output is not accompanied by a higher income for the peasant.Along with the development of Chinese national economy, the increase of cold storage capacity, except require refrigeration unit performance safety, storehouse temperature stable, also more and more high to the requirement of cold store energy saving environmental protection.The present invention has the meaning of reality to improving freezer performance, reduction freezer operating cost, to promoting increasing peasant income, guarantee consumption of resident safety, raising consumption of resident quality more importantly meaning is arranged.
As everyone knows, the temperature of freezer refrigerating process Air cooler (evaporimeter) fin is lower about 7～10 ℃ than the storehouse temperature, and the airborne moisture of freezer can condense into frost at fin surface.Along with the thickening of frost, spacing of fin is dwindled, and the air mass flow minimizing by fin has affected heat exchange, so that the freezer refrigerating amount reduces, the refrigeration system working time lengthens, power consumption increases.When serious, except refrigeration system is not shut down, also can cause the compressor wet stroke, cause compressor damage (to the piston compressor injury more so).As seen, evaporimeter being carried out timely and effectively defrosting, is the primary condition of the normal operation of freezer, also is the important channel of saving the freezer operating cost, more is related to " energy-saving and emission-reduction " this fundamental state policy.
Existing defrosting mode mainly contains: shut down defrosting, trickle defrosting, electrical heating defrosting, hot gas defrosting.
Shut down defrosting: multiplex small refrigeration systems in using pipe-coil type evaporator, defrosting efficient is low, the defrosting time is long, and the storehouse temperature is gone up high (more than 0 ℃), affects the quality of stored goods.
Trickle defrosting: be usually used in large cold storage and quick-freezer, the corresponding complexity of the evaporation structure of trickle defrosting, to control pressure, flow, the temperature of trickle during defrosting, especially after defrosting finishes, should in time the remaining water on the fin be removed, otherwise can accelerate that fin is icing, frosting.Can form fog during the trickle excess Temperature in freezer, the fog cooling is rear in freezer inner surface dewfall, icing.
The electrical heating defrosting: the miniature cold storage that is configuration aerial cooler type evaporimeter is the most frequently used, and the power of electric heater and compressor horsepower are substantially suitable, and power consumption is many, should not be used for large cold storage.Electric heater is installed between the pipe group and fin of evaporimeter, it all can not contact well with pipe group and fin, the heat that electric heater produces during defrosting is most of to be conducted to the frost on the fin by air ecto-entad ground, and therefore, defrosting efficient is low, the time is long.The dominant drawback of electrical heating defrosting is that defrosting power consumption is large, and most of dissipation of heat caused storehouse temperature rise, increased the load of compressor, and then cause that power consumption increases when freezing in freezer when its recessive drawback was defrosting.Electric heater is installed skewness in addition, and the evaporimeter local temperature is high during defrosting, causes the fin distortion, affects the combination of fin and copper pipe outer wall, so that the evaporimeter reduction of heat exchange efficiency causes freezer refrigerating weak effect, power consumption to increase.What is more, once occurs because electric heater Rig up error and defrosting control are improper, causes electric heater fusing evaporimeter copper pipe to cause a large amount of accidents of leaking of cold-producing medium.
Hot gas defrosting: existing hot gas defrosting is the high-temperature gas that utilizes compressor to discharge, and realizes the contrary circulation of cold-producing medium by four-way change-over valve, thereby evaporimeter is carried out defrosting.Compare with above-mentioned three kinds of defrosting modes, the advantage of hot gas defrosting maximum is that defrosting efficient is high, because high-temperature gas passes through from the evaporimeter copper pipe, heating to frost is by inner and outer, after heating a period of time, frost layer integral body comes off, and the defrosting initial stage does not conduct heat in freezer, also do not have steam to produce, temperature fluctuation in storehouse is little.Hot gas defrosting also has obvious shortcoming: the one, and the cold-producing medium that enters the compressor air suction mouth contains liquid, causes easily the compressor liquid hammer, shortens the service life of compressor.The 2nd, pressure of inspiration(Pi) improves, and compressor pressure ratios is reduced, and the specific volume of suction side cold-producing medium reduces, and circulating mass of refrigerant increases, and the revolution electric current of compressor and noise are increased.The 3rd, because the cold-producing medium reverse circulation is freezed to outside atmosphere at condenser side during defrosting, consequent cold is wasted, so that the electric energy of compressor consumption is not fully utilized.Thereby this defrosting mode is not the most energy-conservation.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the weak point of existing freezer defrosting mode, improve freezer defrosting efficient, the present invention utilizes the method for the mutual hot gas defrosting of substep to develop cold storage refrigerating system in a kind of cold chain.The mutual defrosting of so-called substep, evaporator designs with freezer becomes two or more exactly, the flow direction (also can control with four-way change-over valve and check valve the flow direction of cold-producing medium) by magnetic valve and check valve control cold-producing medium, to realize two role transformings of aerial cooler between condenser and evaporimeter, serve as condenser by defrosting, therefore substep is finished defrosting.
Cold storage refrigerating system in a kind of cold chain of the present invention, at least two aerial coolers are arranged, when serving as evaporimeter jointly when freezing, realizes by aerial cooler cooling cycle system, when serving as condenser and evaporimeter in turn, realizes by aerial cooler the defrosting circulatory system of substep defrosting, by the cold storage refrigerating system running refrigerating circulatory system or the defrosting circulatory system in the microcomputer control system control cold chain.
In the such scheme, described cooling cycle system comprises compressor 6, refrigeration magnetic valve 11, condenser 8, reservoir 9, first-hand valve 18, filter 10, second-hand's valve 19, the first check valve 15, the second check valve 16, the first expansion valve 14, the second expansion valve 17, the first aerial cooler 1, the second aerial cooler 2, the first return-air valve 12, the second return-air valve 13, gas-liquid separator 5.
In the such scheme, the described defrosting circulatory system is served as the first defrosting circulatory system of condenser by the first aerial cooler 1 and is made of the second defrosting circulatory system that the second aerial cooler 2 serves as condenser, the described first defrosting circulatory system comprises compressor 6, the first defrosting magnetic valve 21, the first aerial cooler 1, the 3rd check valve 3, the second expansion valve 17, the second aerial cooler 2, the second return-air valve 13, gas-liquid separator 5 and constant voltage by-passing valve 20, the described second defrosting circulatory system comprises compressor 6, the second defrosting magnetic valve 22, the second aerial cooler 2, the 4th check valve 4, the first expansion valve 14, the first aerial cooler 1, the first return-air valve 12, gas-liquid separator 5 and constant voltage by-passing valve 20.
Can also comprise oil eliminator 7 in cooling cycle system mentioned above, the first defrosting circulatory system, the second defrosting circulatory system.Oil eliminator is a pure mechanical device, not controlled by microcomputer control system.Lubricating oil during compressor operating in its crankcase can be discharged with refrigerant (cold-producing medium), the effect of oil eliminator is that lubricating oil is separated from refrigerant, and be stored in bottom it, bottom design at oil eliminator has a ball float ejector pin valve, when the oil level of its bottom reaches design height, the ball float ejector pin valve is opened, utilize the pressure at expulsion of compressor to send lubricating oil back to compressor crankcase, to avoid damaging because of oil starvation bent axle, the connecting rod of compressor, avoid simultaneously lubricating oil to enter evaporimeter and affect heat transfer etc.
Cold storage refrigerating system in the cold chain mentioned above is like this operation: when temperature of ice house reaches the temperature upper limit of operator's setting, the cooling cycle system operation, microcomputer control system starts compressor 6, condenser 8, the first aerial cooler 1, the second aerial cooler 2, refrigeration magnetic valve 11, passes through successively respectively after compressed machine 6 compressions of cold-producing medium:
Path one: refrigeration magnetic valve 11, condenser 8, reservoir 9, first-hand valve 18, filter 10, second-hand's valve 19, the first check valve 15, the first expansion valve 14 expenditure and pressures flash to gas in the 1 interior heat absorption of the first aerial cooler, sucked, compress and carry out kind of refrigeration cycle by compressor 6 through the first return-air valve 12, gas-liquid separator 5 again;
Path two: refrigeration magnetic valve 11, condenser 8, reservoir 9, first-hand valve 18, filter 10, second-hand's valve 19, the second check valve 16, the second expansion valve 17 expenditure and pressures flash to gas in the 2 interior heat absorptions of the second aerial cooler, sucked, compress and carry out kind of refrigeration cycle by compressor 6 through the second return-air valve 13, gas-liquid separator 5 again;
Article two, the path circulation is carried out simultaneously, and the first aerial cooler and the second aerial cooler jointly serve as evaporimeter and realize cooling cycle system.
When freezer runs to the defrosing cycle of operator's setting, the operation of the first defrosting circulatory system, microcomputer control system starts compressor 6, the second aerial cooler 2, the first defrosting magnetic valve 21, the second return-air valve 13, at this moment, the first defrosting magnetic valve 21 of flowing through successively after 6 compressions of the compressed device of cold-producing medium, the first aerial cooler 1, the 3rd check valve 3, the second expansion valve 17, the second aerial cooler 2, the second return-air valve 13, gas-liquid separator 5 is returned compressor and is kept circulation, until the fin temperature of the first aerial cooler 1 reaches the defrosting final temperature that the operator sets, microcomputer control system compressor 6 out of service, the second aerial cooler 2, the first defrosting magnetic valve 21, the second return-air valve 13, the first defrosting circulatory systems finish the defrosting of the first aerial cooler 1;
After default time-delay, move the second defrosting circulatory system, microcomputer control system starts compressor 6, the first aerial cooler 1, the second defrosting magnetic valve 22, the first return-air valve 12, at this moment, the first defrosting circulatory system finishes the defrosting of the first aerial cooler 2, the second defrosting magnetic valve 22 of flowing through successively after 6 compressions of the compressed device of cold-producing medium, the second aerial cooler 2, the 4th check valve 4, the first expansion valve 14, the first aerial cooler 1, the first return-air valve 12, gas-liquid separator 5 is returned compressor and is kept circulation, until the fin temperature of the second aerial cooler 2 reaches the defrosting final temperature that the operator sets, microcomputer control system compressor 6 out of service, the first aerial cooler 1, the second defrosting magnetic valve 22, the first return-air valve 12, the second defrosting circulatory system finishes the defrosting of the second aerial cooler 2, after default time-delay, wait for entering kind of refrigeration cycle.
If adding oil content disembarks, like this operation: when temperature of ice house reaches the temperature upper limit of operator's setting, the cooling cycle system operation, microcomputer control system starts compressor 6, condenser 8, the first aerial cooler 1, the second aerial cooler 2, refrigeration magnetic valve 11, passes through successively respectively after compressed machine 6 compressions of cold-producing medium:
Path one: oil eliminator 7, refrigeration magnetic valve 11, condenser 8, reservoir 9, first-hand valve 18, filter 10, second-hand's valve 19, the first check valve 15, the first expansion valve 14 expenditure and pressures flash to gas in the 1 interior heat absorption of the first aerial cooler, sucked, compress and carry out kind of refrigeration cycle by compressor 6 through the first return-air valve 12, gas-liquid separator 5 again;
Path two: oil eliminator 7, refrigeration magnetic valve 11, condenser 8, reservoir 9, first-hand valve 18, filter 10, second-hand's valve 19, the second check valve 16, the second expansion valve 17 expenditure and pressures flash to gas in the 2 interior heat absorptions of the second aerial cooler, sucked, compress and carry out kind of refrigeration cycle by compressor 6 through the second return-air valve 13, gas-liquid separator 5 again;
Article two, the path circulation is carried out simultaneously, and the first aerial cooler and the second aerial cooler jointly serve as evaporimeter and realize cooling cycle system.
When freezer runs to the defrosing cycle of operator's setting, the operation of the first defrosting circulatory system, microcomputer control system starts compressor 6, the second aerial cooler 2, the first defrosting magnetic valve 21, the second return-air valve 13, at this moment, the oil eliminator 7 of flowing through successively after 6 compressions of the compressed device of cold-producing medium, the first defrosting magnetic valve 21, the first aerial cooler 1, the 3rd check valve 3, the second expansion valve 17, the second aerial cooler 2, the second return-air valve 13, gas-liquid separator 5 is returned compressor and is kept circulation, until the fin temperature of the first aerial cooler 1 reaches the defrosting final temperature that the operator sets, microcomputer control system compressor 6 out of service, the second aerial cooler 2, the first defrosting magnetic valve 21, the second return-air valve 13, the first defrosting circulatory systems finish the defrosting of the first aerial cooler 1;
After default time-delay, move the second defrosting circulatory system, microcomputer control system starts compressor 6, the first aerial cooler 1, the second defrosting magnetic valve 22, the first return-air valve 12, at this moment, the first defrosting circulatory system finishes the defrosting of the first aerial cooler 2, the oil eliminator 7 of flowing through successively after 6 compressions of the compressed device of cold-producing medium, the second defrosting magnetic valve 22, the second aerial cooler 2, the 4th check valve 4, the first expansion valve 14, the first aerial cooler 1, the first return-air valve 12, gas-liquid separator 5 is returned compressor and is kept circulation, until the fin temperature of the second aerial cooler 2 reaches the defrosting final temperature that the operator sets, microcomputer control system compressor 6 out of service, the first aerial cooler 1, the second defrosting magnetic valve 22, the first return-air valve 12, the second defrosting circulatory system finishes the defrosting of the second aerial cooler 2, after default time-delay, wait for entering kind of refrigeration cycle.
Constant voltage by-passing valve 20 described in the cold storage refrigerating system in the cold chain mentioned above is used for guaranteeing that the defrosting circulation time has enough circulating mass of refrigerant, when the pressure of inspiration(Pi) of compressor 6 is lower than constant voltage by-passing valve 20 setting value during defrosting, constant voltage by-passing valve 20 is opened, and replenishes cold-producing medium in gas-liquid separator 5.
Cold storage refrigerating system in the cold chain mentioned above can be applied in the unit freezer.Also can be applied in two adjacent freezers, has an aerial cooler in each freezer at least, when serving as evaporimeter jointly when freezing, realizes by aerial cooler cooling cycle system, when serving as condenser and evaporimeter in turn, realizes by aerial cooler the defrosting circulatory system of substep defrosting, by the cold storage refrigerating system running refrigerating circulatory system or the defrosting circulatory system in the microcomputer control system control cold chain.Can also be applied among the freezer group of a plurality of freezers compositions, at this moment, per two freezers are one group and form an independently cold storage refrigerating system in the cold chain, by the cold storage refrigerating system running refrigerating circulatory system or the defrosting circulatory system in the unified control of the microcomputer control system cold chain.
The cold storage refrigerating system freezer defrosting method that is applied in this cold chain is as follows:
Select the running refrigerating circulatory system, the first defrosting circulatory system or the second defrosting circulatory system by microcomputer control system, have two aerial coolers in the freezer at least, the method may further comprise the steps:
(a) operation cooling cycle system when temperature of ice house is higher than design temperature, the aerial cooler in the freezer serves as evaporimeter jointly, finishes freezer refrigerating;
(b) when freezer runs to the defrosing cycle of operator's setting, move successively the first defrosting circulatory system and the second defrosting circulatory system, the flow direction by flow direction control valve assembly control cold-producing medium, aerial cooler serves as respectively condenser and evaporimeter in turn, serve as condenser by defrosting, the continuation refrigeration of serving as evaporimeter is by the mutual defrosting of role rotation substep.
Step (a) comprises the steps:
(a1) compressor sucks superheated refrigerant gas simultaneously from all evaporators, compressed one-tenth high temperature and high pressure gas, pass through control flow direction control valve assembly by microcomputer control system again, control refrigerant flow direction condenser, cooling is absorbed heat therein, evaporates, is absorbed heat after by the expansion valve reducing pressure by regulating flow, keeps freezer refrigerating.
Step (b) comprises the steps:
(b1) when freezer enters the defrosing cycle that runs to operator's setting, move the first defrosting cyclic system
System, compressor sucks superheated refrigerant gas from the aerial cooler that serves as evaporimeter, compressed one-tenth high temperature and high pressure gas, the aerial cooler that is served as condenser by microcomputer control system control flow direction control valve assembly control refrigerant flow direction, and therein heat absorption, heat release, being condensed into the liquid refrigerant of cryogenic high pressure, the frost that will serve as simultaneously on the air cooler fin of condenser is melted; Liquid refrigerant through condensation flows to the aerial cooler that serves as evaporimeter again, absorbs heat therein, evaporates behind the expansion valve reducing pressure by regulating flow, continues to keep freezer refrigerating;
(b2) under the control of microcomputer controller, the fin temperature of serving as the aerial cooler of condenser reaches
Setting value, through the delay time of setting, the aerial cooler and the aerial cooler exchange role who serves as condenser that serve as evaporimeter, move the second defrosting circulatory system, to in the first defrosting circulatory system, serving as the aerial cooler defrosting of evaporimeter, compressor sucks superheated refrigerant gas from the aerial cooler that serves as evaporimeter the second defrosting circulatory system, compressed one-tenth high temperature and high pressure gas, the aerial cooler that is served as condenser by microcomputer control system control flow direction control valve assembly control refrigerant flow direction, and therein heat absorption, heat release, be condensed into the liquid refrigerant of cryogenic high pressure, simultaneously the frost on this air cooler fin melted; Liquid refrigerant through condensation flows to the aerial cooler that serves as evaporimeter again, absorbs heat therein, evaporates behind the expansion valve reducing pressure by regulating flow, continues to keep freezer refrigerating;
(b3) through the second defrosting circulatory system, after the fin temperature of serving as the aerial cooler of condenser in the second defrosting circulatory system reaches setting value, namely finish once complete defrosting, after the time-delay of dripping, wait for entering kind of refrigeration cycle.
The freezer defrosting method that is used for cold chain system as indicated above, described freezer can be the unit freezer.
Also can be two adjacent unit freezers, has an aerial cooler in each unit freezer at least, when serving as evaporimeter jointly when freezing, realizes by aerial cooler cooling cycle system, when serving as condenser and evaporimeter in turn, realizes by aerial cooler the defrosting circulatory system of substep defrosting, by the cold storage refrigerating system running refrigerating circulatory system or the defrosting circulatory system in the microcomputer control system control cold chain.
Can also be the freezer group that a plurality of freezers form, at this moment, per two unit freezers are one group and form a freezer group, has an aerial cooler in each freezer group in each unit freezer at least, when serving as evaporimeter jointly when freezing, realizes by aerial cooler cooling cycle system, when serving as condenser and evaporimeter in turn, realizes by aerial cooler the defrosting circulatory system of substep defrosting, by the cold storage refrigerating system running refrigerating circulatory system or the defrosting circulatory system in the unified control of the microcomputer control system cold chain.
During freezer refrigerating, two aerial coolers serve as evaporimeter jointly; During the freezer defrosting, serve as in turn respectively condenser and evaporimeter by two aerial coolers of solenoid control, serve as condenser by defrosting, serve as the continuation refrigeration of evaporimeter; By the mutual defrosting of role rotation substep, almost there is not extra energy loss in the defrosting process.When guaranteeing efficient defrosting, realized energy-conservationly, also improved the security performance of refrigeration system.Adopt this substep interactive hot-air frost removing, the defrosting time is 1/10th of electrical heating defrosting approximately, and is more energy-conservation more than 80 percent than electrical heating defrosting.The recruitment of freezer cost, with the cold storage capacity negative correlation, miniature cold storage (below 50 tons) cost recruitment is no more than 5 percent, and the cost of increase can be regained by saving the electricity charge in 1 year.
Refrigeration system among the present invention is comprised of the compressor that connects successively by refrigeration piping, refrigeration magnetic valve, defrosting magnetic valve, condenser, reservoir, device for drying and filtering, throttling arrangement (expansion valve) (two), aerial cooler (evaporimeter) (two), check valve, return-air magnetic valve and microcomputer control system etc.
During kind of refrigeration cycle, compressor sucks the gaseous refrigerant of low-temp low-pressure simultaneously from two evaporimeters, is compressed into the gaseous refrigerant of HTHP, flows to condenser through the refrigeration magnetic valve; Condenser is cooled to the gaseous refrigerant of HTHP the liquid refrigerant of cryogenic high pressure; Throttling arrangement (expansion valve) is with the liquid refrigerant reducing pressure by regulating flow of cryogenic high pressure and according to flow and the degree of superheat of thermic load control cold-producing medium; Evaporimeter is the place of cold-producing medium heat absorption evaporation, and forces air to finish heat exchange by evaporator fin by the blower fan running; Temperature control freezer refrigerating and defrosting that microcomputer control system is set according to the operator are with the control temperature of ice house.
Defrosting circulation time, compressor suck the gaseous refrigerant of low-temp low-pressure from that aerial cooler that serves as evaporimeter, be compressed into the gaseous refrigerant of HTHP, flow to that aerial cooler that serves as condenser through the defrosting magnetic valve; And absorb heat therein, be condensed into the liquid refrigerant of cryogenic high pressure, simultaneously the frost on this air cooler fin is melted; Liquid refrigerant through condensation flows to the aerial cooler that serves as evaporimeter again, evaporates therein behind reducing pressure by regulating flow, absorbs heat, and continues to keep freezer refrigerating.Under the control of microcomputer control system, after the fin temperature of serving as the aerial cooler of condenser reached setting value, after the time-delay of dripping, two aerial coolers exchange roles were to second aerial cooler defrosting.After the fin temperature of second aerial cooler reaches setting value, namely finish once complete defrosting, after the time-delay of dripping, wait for entering kind of refrigeration cycle.
Refrigeration system among the present invention is not only applicable to the unit freezer, is applicable to two adjacent freezers or the freezer group who is comprised of a plurality of freezers yet.Usually, most of food productions, distributors dispose simultaneously and freeze product freezer (frozen food store, is called for short and freezes the storehouse by Ku Wen-18 ℃) and fresh goods temporary library (cooling thing temporary library, 0 ℃ of storehouse temperature is called for short pre-freezer).Two freezers have independently cooling cycle system, and only need increase limited several valve members and suitably connect by pipeline, can realize the mutual defrosting of hot gas between two freezers.In this mutual defrosting pattern, when freezing the storehouse and enter defrosing cycle, pre-freezer enters kind of refrigeration cycle, and the condenser of pre-freezer is disconnected, and the evaporimeter that freezes the storehouse serves as the condenser of pre-freezer, when freezing the storehouse defrosting, and pre-freezer refrigeration.Otherwise, when pre-freezer enters defrosing cycle, freezing the storehouse and enter kind of refrigeration cycle, the condenser that freezes the storehouse is disconnected, and the evaporimeter of pre-freezer serves as the condenser that freezes the storehouse, in pre-freezer defrosting, freezes the storehouse refrigeration.For the storehouse group, same two freezers selecting vicinity are connected with pipeline by valve member, realize the mutual defrosting of hot gas under the control of microcomputer control system, and the cost that increases are very limited.
The present invention has the following advantages and characteristics:
1, the high-temperature gas that compressor is discharged during defrosting passes through from the evaporimeter copper pipe, is by inner and outer to the heating of frost layer, defrosting efficient height.
2, defrosting process is defrosting for the separate unit aerial cooler, is process of refrigerastion for whole freezer, and the electric energy of compressor consumption is fully utilized, and is one of the most energy-conservation defrosting mode.
What 3, compressor sucked during defrosting is Freon gas, to not injury of compressor, has improved the refrigeration system security performance.
4, the heat that conducts in the freezer during defrosting seldom, temperature fluctuation in storehouse is little, does not almost have steam to produce.
5, microcomputer control system control evaporimeter defrosting, defrosting is thorough, refrigerating efficiency is higher.
6, this refrigeration system is not only applicable to the unit freezer, is applicable to the freezer group that two adjacent freezers and a plurality of freezer form yet.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that a kind of refrigeration system of the present invention forms schematic diagram
1-the first aerial cooler; 2-the second aerial cooler; 3-the 3rd check valve; 4-the 4th check valve; The 5-gas-liquid separator; The 6-compressor; The 7-oil eliminator; The 8-condenser; The 9-reservoir; The 10-filter; The 11-magnetic valve that freezes; 12-the first return-air valve; 13-the second return-air valve; 14-the first expansion valve; 15-the first check valve; 16-the second check valve; 17-the second expansion valve; The first-hand valve of 18-; 19-second-hand's valve; 20-constant voltage by-passing valve; 21-the first defrosting magnetic valve; 22-the second defrosting magnetic valve
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of a kind of control circuit of the present invention
1, COL is the output of microcomputer control system refrigeration; DEF1, DEF2 are microcomputer control system defrosting output.
2, JZ1 is the refrigeration auxiliary reclay; JZ2 is the defrosting auxiliary reclay of the first aerial cooler 1; JZ3 is the defrosting auxiliary reclay of the second aerial cooler 2.
3, JCOM is the compressor contactor coil of compressor 6; JCON is the condenser motor contactor coil of condenser 8; JAIR1 is the aerial cooler motor contactor coil of the first aerial cooler 1, and JAIR2 is the aerial cooler motor contactor coil of the second aerial cooler 2.
4, EVR11 is refrigeration magnetic valve 11, and EVR12 is the first return-air valve 12, and EVR13 is the second return-air valve 13, and EVR21 is the first defrosting magnetic valve 21, and EVR22 is the second defrosting magnetic valve 22; KP15 is the two protectors of high and low pressure; OVLD is the motor overload protector normally closed contact.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the cooling cycle system among the present invention mainly by: compressor 6, oil eliminator 7, refrigeration magnetic valve 11, condenser 8, reservoir 9, first-hand valve 18, filter, second-hand's valve 19, the first check valve 15, the second check valve 16, the first expansion valve 14, the second expansion valve 17, the first aerial cooler 1, the second aerial cooler 2, the first return-air valve 12, the second return-air valve 13, and gas-liquid separator 5 form.When temperature of ice house is higher than design temperature, microcomputer control system output refrigeration signal COL, this refrigeration signal is connected to the coil of auxiliary reclay JZ1 through pressure protector KP15, the compressor contactor that makes compressor 6, the condenser fan contactor of condenser 8, the motor contactor of aerial cooler 1, the motor contactor adhesive of aerial cooler 2 are controlled respectively in JZ1 adhesive, its normal opened contact; The simultaneously normal opened contact of JZ1 control makes the unlatchings such as refrigeration magnetic valve 11, the first return-air valve 12, the second return-air valve 13; Cold storage refrigerating system in the cold chain enters kind of refrigeration cycle.Until temperature of ice house reaches setting value, microcomputer control system stops output refrigeration signal, and kind of refrigeration cycle stops.
As shown in Figure 1, among the present invention the defrosting circulatory system of the first aerial cooler 1 mainly by: compressor 6, oil eliminator 7, the first defrosting magnetic valve 21, the first aerial cooler 1, the 3rd check valve 3, the second expansion valve 17, the second aerial cooler 2, the second return-air valve 13, gas-liquid separator 5 form.During 1 defrosting of the first aerial cooler, it serves as condenser, and the second aerial cooler 2 serves as evaporimeter.When freezer runs to the defrosing cycle of operator's setting, microcomputer control system is exported first defrosting signal DEF1, the compressor contactor that makes compressor 6, the motor contactor adhesive of the second aerial cooler 2 are controlled respectively in auxiliary reclay JZ2 adhesive, JZ2 normal opened contact; The first defrosting magnetic valve 21, the second return-air valve 13 are opened; Cold storage refrigerating system in the cold chain enters the defrosting circulation.Until aerial cooler 1 fin temperature reaches defrosting final temperature setting value, DEF1 stops output, the JZ2 outage, and 1 defrosting of the first aerial cooler finishes.
As shown in Figure 1, among the present invention the defrosting circulatory system of the second aerial cooler 2 mainly by: compressor 6, oil eliminator 7, the second defrosting magnetic valve 22, the second aerial cooler 2, the 4th check valve 4, the first expansion valve 14, the first aerial cooler 1, the first return-air valve 12, and gas-liquid separator 5 form.During aerial cooler 2 defrosting, aerial cooler 1 serves as evaporimeter, and aerial cooler 2 serves as condenser.After DEF1 stops output, through 3～5 minutes time-delays (dripping after being used for aerial cooler 1 defrosting), DEF2 output, auxiliary reclay JZ3 adhesive, the normal opened contact of JZ3 is connected the compressor contactor of compressor 6, the motor contactor of the first aerial cooler 1; The second defrosting magnetic valve 22, the first return-air valve 12 are opened; Cold storage refrigerating system in the cold chain enters the defrosting circulation.Until the fin temperature of the second aerial cooler 2 reaches the setting value of microcomputer control system, microcomputer control system stops to export defrosting output signal DEF2, the JZ3 outage, and 2 defrostings of the second aerial cooler finish.Through time-delay (dripping after 2 defrostings of the second aerial cooler) in 3～5 minutes, wait for entering kind of refrigeration cycle.
The effect of constant voltage by-passing valve 20 is to guarantee that the defrosting circulation time has enough circulating mass of refrigerant among Fig. 1.When the pressure of inspiration(Pi) of compressor 6 was lower than constant voltage by-passing valve 20 setting value during defrosting, constant voltage by-passing valve 20 was opened, and replenished cold-producing medium in gas-liquid separator 5.
As shown in Figure 2, when temperature of ice house reaches the temperature upper limit of operator's setting, microcomputer control system output refrigeration signal COL, if the high and low pressure of system is normal, the KP15 normally closed contact is closed, auxiliary reclay JZ1 adhesive.The compressor contactor adhesive of JZ1-1 control compressor 6, compressor 6 starts running; The condenser motor contactor adhesive of JZ1-2 control condenser 8, the condenser electric motor starting running of condenser 8; JZ1-3 controls the aerial cooler motor contactor adhesive of the first aerial cooler 1, the running of the first aerial cooler 1 aerial cooler electric motor starting; JZ1-4 controls the aerial cooler motor contactor adhesive of the second aerial cooler 2, the aerial cooler electric motor starting running of the second aerial cooler 2; JZ1-5 control refrigeration magnetic valve 11 is opened, and the high temperature and high pressure gas that compressor is discharged becomes the liquid of cryogenic high pressure after condenser 8 coolings, respectively successively through two paths:
Path one: reservoir 9, first-hand valve 18, filter 10, second-hand's valve 19, the first check valve 15, flash to gas by the first expansion valve 14 expenditure and pressures in the 1 interior heat absorption of the first aerial cooler, again through the first return-air valve 12, gas-liquid separator 5 by compressor 6 suck, compression carries out kind of refrigeration cycle.
Path two: reservoir 9, first-hand valve 18, filter 10, second-hand's valve 19, the second check valve 16, the second expansion valve 17 expenditure and pressures flash to gas in the 2 interior heat absorptions of the second aerial cooler, sucked, compress and carry out kind of refrigeration cycle by compressor 6 through the second return-air valve 13, gas-liquid separator 5 again.
Until the storehouse temperature drops to the lower limit temperature that the operator sets, microcomputer control system stops output refrigeration signal, and freezer stops refrigeration.
Wherein, oil eliminator is a pure mechanical device, not controlled by microcomputer control system.Lubricating oil during compressor operating in its crankcase can be discharged with refrigerant (cold-producing medium), the effect of oil eliminator is that lubricating oil is separated from refrigerant, and be stored in bottom it, bottom design at oil eliminator has a ball float ejector pin valve, when the oil level of its bottom reaches design height, the ball float ejector pin valve is opened, utilize the pressure at expulsion of compressor to send lubricating oil back to compressor crankcase, to avoid damaging because of oil starvation bent axle, the connecting rod of compressor, avoid simultaneously lubricating oil to enter evaporimeter and affect heat transfer etc.
As shown in Figure 2, when freezer reached the defrosing cycle that the operator sets running time, microcomputer control system was at first exported defrosting signal DEF1, auxiliary reclay JZ2 adhesive.The compressor contactor adhesive of JZ2-1 control compressor 6, compressor 6 starts running; JZ2-2 controls the aerial cooler motor contactor adhesive of the second aerial cooler 2, the aerial cooler electric motor starting running of the second aerial cooler 2; JZ2-3 controls the first defrosting magnetic valve 21 and opens; JZ2-4 controls the second return-air valve 13 and opens, the high temperature and high pressure gas that compressor 6 is discharged flows to the first aerial cooler 1 through the first defrosting magnetic valve 21, in the first aerial cooler 1, be cooled to the liquid of cryogenic high pressure, flow to the second expansion valve 17 through the 3rd check valve 3, flash to gas through the second expansion valve 17 expenditure and pressures in the 2 interior heat absorptions of the second aerial cooler, sucked, compress and keep circulation through the second return-air valve 13, gas-liquid separator 5 by compressor 6 again.Until the fin temperature of the first aerial cooler 1 reaches the defrosting final temperature that the operator sets, microcomputer control system stops to export DEF1, and the JZ2 outage is subjected to each parts of JZ2 control out of service, to the defrosting end of the first aerial cooler 1.
After several minutes (common 3～5 minutes) time-delay (dripping for the first aerial cooler 1), microcomputer control system output defrosting signal DEF2, auxiliary reclay JZ3 adhesive enters the defrosting circulation to the second aerial cooler 2.The compressor contactor adhesive of JZ3-1 control compressor 6, compressor 6 starts running; JZ3-2 controls the aerial cooler motor contactor adhesive of the first aerial cooler 1, the aerial cooler electric motor starting running of the first aerial cooler 1; JZ3-3 controls the second defrosting magnetic valve 22 and opens; JZ2-4 controls the first return-air valve 12 and opens, the high temperature and high pressure gas that compressor 6 is discharged flows to the second aerial cooler 2 through the second defrosting magnetic valve 22, in the second aerial cooler 2, be cooled to the liquid of cryogenic high pressure, flow to the first expansion valve 14 through the 4th check valve 4, behind the first expansion valve 14 expenditure and pressures, flash to gas in the 1 interior heat absorption of the first aerial cooler, sucked, compress and keep circulation through the first return-air valve 12, gas-liquid separator 5 by compressor again.Until the fin temperature of the second aerial cooler 2 reaches the defrosting final temperature that the operator sets, microcomputer control system stops to export defrosting signal DEF2, the JZ3 outage, be subjected to each parts of JZ3 control out of service, defrosting to the second aerial cooler 2 finishes, and system enters the time-delay of dripping of the second aerial cooler 2.After time-delay finishes, wait for entering kind of refrigeration cycle.
Claims (9)
1. the cold storage refrigerating system in the cold chain, it is characterized in that, at least two aerial coolers are arranged in the cold storage refrigerating system in the cold chain, when serving as evaporimeter jointly when freezing, realizes by aerial cooler cooling cycle system, when serving as condenser and evaporimeter in turn, realizes by aerial cooler the defrosting circulatory system of substep defrosting, by the cold storage refrigerating system running refrigerating circulatory system or the defrosting circulatory system in the microcomputer control system control cold chain.
2. the cold storage refrigerating system in the cold chain according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described cooling cycle system comprises compressor (6), refrigeration magnetic valve (11), condenser (8), reservoir (9), first-hand valve (18), filter (10), second-hand's valve (19), the first check valve (15), the second check valve (16), the first expansion valve (14), the second expansion valve (17), the first aerial cooler (1), the second aerial cooler (2), the first return-air valve (12), the second return-air valve (13), gas-liquid separator (5);
The described defrosting circulatory system is served as the first defrosting circulatory system of condenser and the second defrosting circulatory system formation of being served as condenser by the second aerial cooler (2) by the first aerial cooler (1), the described first defrosting circulatory system comprises compressor (6), the first defrosting magnetic valve (21), the first aerial cooler (1), the 3rd check valve (3), the second expansion valve (17), the second aerial cooler (2), the second return-air valve (13), gas-liquid separator (5) and constant voltage by-passing valve (20), the described second defrosting circulatory system comprises compressor (6), the second defrosting magnetic valve (22), the second aerial cooler (2), the 4th check valve (4), the first expansion valve (14), the first aerial cooler (1), the first return-air valve (12), gas-liquid separator (5) and constant voltage by-passing valve (20).
3. the cold storage refrigerating system in the cold chain according to claim 2 is characterized in that, also comprises oil eliminator (7) in described cooling cycle system, the first defrosting circulatory system, the second defrosting circulatory system.
4. the cold storage refrigerating system in the cold chain according to claim 2 is characterized in that, when temperature of ice house reaches
During temperature upper limit that the operator sets, the cooling cycle system operation, microcomputer control system starts compressor (6), condenser (8), the first aerial cooler (1), the second aerial cooler (2), refrigeration magnetic valve (11), pass through successively refrigeration magnetic valve (11) after the compressed machine of cold-producing medium (6) compression, condenser (8), reservoir (9), first-hand valve (18), filter (10), second-hand's valve (19), the first check valve (15)/second check valve (16), the first expansion valve (14)/second expansion valve (17) expenditure and pressure absorbs heat in the first aerial cooler (1)/second aerial cooler (2) and flashes to gas, again through the first return-air valve (12)/second return-air valve (13), gas-liquid separator (5) is sucked by compressor (6), kind of refrigeration cycle is carried out in compression;
When freezer runs to the defrosing cycle of operator's setting, the operation of the first defrosting circulatory system, microcomputer control system starts compressor (6), the second aerial cooler (2), the first defrosting magnetic valve (21), the second return-air valve (13), at this moment, the first defrosting magnetic valve (21) of flowing through successively after the compressed device of cold-producing medium (6) compression, the first aerial cooler (1), the 3rd check valve (3), the second expansion valve (17), the second aerial cooler (2), the second return-air valve (13), gas-liquid separator (5) is returned compressor and is kept circulation, until the fin temperature of the first aerial cooler (1) reaches the defrosting final temperature that the operator sets, microcomputer control system compressor out of service (6), the second aerial cooler (2), the first defrosting magnetic valve (21), the second return-air valve (13), the first defrosting circulatory system finishes the defrosting of the first aerial cooler (1);
After default time-delay, move the second defrosting circulatory system, microcomputer control system starts compressor (6), the first aerial cooler (1), the second defrosting magnetic valve (22), the first return-air valve (12), at this moment, the first defrosting circulatory system finishes the defrosting of the first aerial cooler (2), the second defrosting magnetic valve (22) of flowing through successively after the compressed device of cold-producing medium (6) compression, the second aerial cooler (2), the 4th check valve (4), the first expansion valve (14), the first aerial cooler (1), the first return-air valve (12), gas-liquid separator (5) is returned compressor (6) and is kept circulation, until the fin temperature of the second aerial cooler (2) reaches the defrosting final temperature that the operator sets, microcomputer control system compressor out of service (6), the first aerial cooler (1), the second defrosting magnetic valve (22), the first return-air valve (12), the second defrosting circulatory system finishes the defrosting of the second aerial cooler (2), after default time-delay, wait for entering kind of refrigeration cycle.
5. the cold storage refrigerating system in the cold chain according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, when temperature of ice house reaches the temperature upper limit of operator's setting, the cooling cycle system operation, microcomputer control system starts compressor (6), condenser (8), the first aerial cooler (1), the second aerial cooler (2), refrigeration magnetic valve (11), pass through successively oil eliminator (7) after the compressed machine of cold-producing medium (6) compression, refrigeration magnetic valve (11), condenser (8), reservoir (9), first-hand valve (18), filter (10), second-hand's valve (19), the first check valve (15)/second check valve (16), the first expansion valve (14)/second expansion valve (17) expenditure and pressure absorbs heat in the first aerial cooler (1)/second aerial cooler (2) and flashes to gas, again through the first return-air valve (12)/second return-air valve (13), gas-liquid separator (5) is sucked by compressor (6), kind of refrigeration cycle is carried out in compression;
When freezer runs to the defrosing cycle of operator's setting, the operation of the first defrosting circulatory system, microcomputer control system starts compressor (6), the second aerial cooler (2), the first defrosting magnetic valve (21), the second return-air valve (13), at this moment, the oil eliminator (7) of flowing through successively after the compressed device of cold-producing medium (6) compression, the first defrosting magnetic valve (21), the first aerial cooler (1), the 3rd check valve (3), the second expansion valve (17), the second aerial cooler (2), the second return-air valve (13), gas-liquid separator (5) is returned compressor and is kept circulation, until the fin temperature of the first aerial cooler (1) reaches the defrosting final temperature that the operator sets, microcomputer control system compressor out of service (6), the second aerial cooler (2), the first defrosting magnetic valve (21), the second return-air valve (13), the first defrosting circulatory system finishes the defrosting of the first aerial cooler (1);
After default time-delay, move the second defrosting circulatory system, microcomputer control system starts compressor (6), the first aerial cooler (1), the second defrosting magnetic valve (22), the first return-air valve (12), at this moment, the first defrosting circulatory system finishes the defrosting of the first aerial cooler (2), the oil eliminator (7) of flowing through successively after the compressed device of cold-producing medium (6) compression, the second defrosting magnetic valve (22), the second aerial cooler (2), the 4th check valve (4), the first expansion valve (14), the first aerial cooler (1), the first return-air valve (12), gas-liquid separator (5) is returned compressor and is kept circulation, until the fin temperature of the second aerial cooler (2) reaches the defrosting final temperature that the operator sets, microcomputer control system compressor out of service (6), the first aerial cooler (1), the second defrosting magnetic valve (22), the first return-air valve (12), the second defrosting circulatory system finishes the defrosting of the second aerial cooler (2), after default time-delay, wait for entering kind of refrigeration cycle.
6. the cold storage refrigerating system in the cold chain according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described constant voltage by-passing valve (20) is used for guaranteeing that the defrosting circulation time has enough circulating mass of refrigerant, when the pressure of inspiration(Pi) of compressor during defrosting (6) is lower than constant voltage by-passing valve (20) setting value, constant voltage by-passing valve (20) is opened, and replenishes cold-producing medium in gas-liquid separator (5).
7. according to claim 1 and 2 or the cold storage refrigerating system in 3 or the 4 or 5 described cold chains, it is characterized in that described cold storage refrigerating system places a unit freezer.
8. according to claim 1 and 2 or the cold storage refrigerating system in 3 or the 4 or 5 described cold chains, it is characterized in that, cold storage refrigerating system in the described cold chain places two adjacent unit freezers, has an aerial cooler in each unit freezer at least, when serving as evaporimeter jointly when freezing, realizes by aerial cooler cooling cycle system, when serving as condenser and evaporimeter in turn, realizes by aerial cooler the defrosting circulatory system of substep defrosting, by the cold storage refrigerating system running refrigerating circulatory system or the defrosting circulatory system in the microcomputer control system control cold chain.
9. according to claim 1 and 2 or the cold storage refrigerating system in 3 or the 4 or 5 described cold chains, it is characterized in that, the freezer group that described cold storage refrigerating system places a plurality of unit freezer to form, at this moment, per two unit freezers are one group and form an independently cold storage refrigerating system in the cold chain, has an aerial cooler in each unit freezer at least, when serving as evaporimeter jointly when freezing, realizes by aerial cooler cooling cycle system, when serving as condenser and evaporimeter in turn, realizes by aerial cooler the defrosting circulatory system of substep defrosting, by the cold storage refrigerating system running refrigerating circulatory system or the defrosting circulatory system in the unified control of the microcomputer control system cold chain.
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| CN105353534A (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2016-02-24 | 苏州蒂珀克制冷科技有限公司 | Liquid crystal display assembly separating device and separating method |
| CN108195106A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-06-22 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | The control method and device of hot fluorine defrosting refrigerating system, freezer |
| CN108917419A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2018-11-30 | 大连海事大学 | Aerial cooler control system |
| CN109579408A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-05 | 南京久鼎制冷空调设备有限公司 | A kind of freezer water-cooled all-in-one machine |
| CN110290730A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2019-09-27 | 艾默生环境优化技术有限公司 | Control, diagnosis and structure for micro- intensifier-type supermarket refrigeration system |
| CN111457647A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-07-28 | 天津商业大学 | Freezer control system for reducing continuous defrosting temperature fluctuation |
| CN111947377A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-17 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Diversified refrigeration equipment and control method and device thereof |
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Application publication date: 20130213 |