CN1029206C - 电弧火炬用的气冷阴极 - Google Patents

电弧火炬用的气冷阴极 Download PDF

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CN1029206C
CN1029206C CN91100379A CN91100379A CN1029206C CN 1029206 C CN1029206 C CN 1029206C CN 91100379 A CN91100379 A CN 91100379A CN 91100379 A CN91100379 A CN 91100379A CN 1029206 C CN1029206 C CN 1029206C
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gas
negative electrode
tip
cathode
arc torch
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CN1053379A (zh
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克雷格·福尔曼
彼得·菲尔布姆
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Connell Wagner C Holdings Ltd.
PACIFIC POWER
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NEW SOUTH WALES ELECTRICITY COMMISSION
University of Sydney
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/28—Cooling arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3468—Vortex generators

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

一种直流电弧火炬用的气冷阴极。所述阴极有一连接至主体的尖端。一用于工作气体的气体通道穿过阴极主体，接近尖端，并邻近尖端气体流出主体。阴极与阳极用绝缘材料套筒隔开和绝缘。

Description

本发明涉及直流电弧火炬用的气冷阴极。直流电弧火炬不应与移动电弧装置例如不熔化极气体保护焊（TIG）混淆，后者阳极包括了焊接工件。一外套围绕着不熔化极气体保护焊机的阴极，一大流量的惰性气体（非工作气体）通过外套吹出，形成惰性环境，并防止阴极和工件氧化。
直流电弧火炬也不应与间断电弧装置，例如用于喷气发动机者相混淆。
在直流电弧火炬内，工作气体被直流电弧加热形成等离子体，该等离子体通过包括其阳极的喷嘴流出。上述装置连续一长段时间使用，而上述等离子体可用以点燃燃料例如发电蒸气锅炉内的煤粉。上述等离子体也可以用来稳定煤的燃烧，还有各种用途，例如用在高炉中，并得到生产用热量。
现有常用的直流电弧火炬都是水冷的，并且水的通道通过阴极和阳极。冷却是重要的，它防止阴极升温至由于熔化或蒸发而变坏的高温。另外，高温的阴极发出的热辐射，将使电弧失去控制。工作气体通过将阳极与阴极隔开的绝缘件，直接地流入阳极与阴极之间的空间。
上述水冷的安排包括将水管连接至火炬，并由于水是导电的，要求将水的回路加以电绝缘。在这些系统中，存在潜伏的不安全的危害，如果使用时有一水管脱落，热的和可能带高电压的水流不受控制地喷射出来。
根据本发明，提供了一种气冷阴极，用于直流电弧火炬。所述阴极 有尖端连接至主体。一用于工作气体的气体通道，穿过阴极的主体，接近所述尖端，并气体邻近尖端流出主体。阴极与阳极被间隔开，并与阳极加以电绝缘，借助于一电绝缘材料的套筒。
所有被用来支持电弧的工作气体，通过阴极被提供，并冷却阴极，其流向阳极的入口。
最好有一涡流器围绕阴极的尖端，并位于工作气体流出主体的出口的下游。工作气体的旋动改善了在阴极区间内电弧的稳定，并且阳极根部旋动，减少了阳极的侵蚀。在最佳实施例中，涡流器是金属制的，并且当火炬加热至使用温度时，它膨胀并封住将阴极与阳极绝缘的套筒。
在本发明最佳实施例中，气体通道穿过阴极连通所述尖端，致使工作气体通过阴极时接触到其尖端部分。
现在，参阅附图，仅以举例说明的方式介绍本发明。
附图中：
图1是一蒸气锅炉壁部的示意剖面图，锅炉内使用了本发明电弧火炬;
图2a是本发明电弧火炬部分剖视的正视图;
图2b是图2a中阳极沿剖线Ⅱb-Ⅱb的剖面图;
图3a是图2a中阴极的正视图;
图3b是图3a阴极尖端的正视图。
首先参阅图1，一典型的蒸气锅炉有外壁1和内壁2，内壁2铺有水管3。壁内空间装有直流电弧火炬4。一通道5从外壁1延伸往所述电弧火炬用于供应工作气体。
使用时，电弧火炬4发射出以区间6标示的等离子体火舌，进入锅炉的内腔来加热管子3内的水。煤粉被吹入，通过仅以箭头7示意的管道，吹向等离子体，这样加大了能量输出。典型的是取得十倍的能量输出。从第二空气腔室8来的空气与更多的煤粉混合，通过一涡流器9吹 出，以箭头10代表其方向，吹入已点燃的等离子体区间，更加大了能量输出。再产生典型的是十倍的能量输出。
在图2中更详细地显示了电弧火炬4，包括以11整体标志的阴极和以12整体标志的阳极。所述阴极包括一铜阴极主体13（图3a中可清楚看到）和一涂钍的钨尖端14（图3b中可看到）。一绝缘陶瓷（玻璃陶瓷）套筒15围绕所述阴极，接着前者又被一铜阴极壳体16所围绕。阳极17本身是铜制的，与阴极之间用套筒15所隔开和绝缘。
阳极17的外表面有纵向延伸的槽18，这可从图2b中看到，并由一黄铜导水环19所围绕，来限定沿着阳极外表面的纵向延伸的水通道。一黄铜阳极壳体20用作支撑阳极和导水环。一环状入水腔室21允许冷却水流入，在使用时，沿着阳极外表面的纵向延伸的水通道流动。然后，水流回到导水环1a的外侧，流入环状出水腔室22。
现翻阅图3a，更详细地介绍阴极11的结构。阴极主体13从其外端由一轴向延伸的气体通道23所贯穿。气体通道23与一内螺纹通道24连通，后者从阴极的内端延伸至阴极主体内。径向延伸的通道25，从气体通道23与通道24的交接处往外延伸。一铜涡流器26位于阴极主体13的最内端，并径向往外地延伸。
阴极尖端14包括一圆顶端部27与一轴向延伸的外螺纹杆28，如图3b所示。所述尖端拧入阴极主体13内，杆28上的外螺纹与通道24的内螺纹相互啮合，致使杆18完全阻塞通道24，并且杆的端头接近气体通道23的端部。
在使用时，一种非氧化的气体例如氮气吹入，通过通道5进入通道23。所述工作气体冲击杆28的端头，并通过径向延伸的通道25流出阴极。所述气体受到阴极主体阶梯剖面和绝缘套筒15的限制并受压通过涡流器26，在阳极的中空内部由于在阴极尖端14与阳极17之间放电，气体被激励成等离子体。
所述氮气通过通道23流动时被冷却，并冲击杆28的端头，保持整个尖端在使用时冷却。气体也保持主体13冷却。
涡流器26典型地是由金属例如铜制作，并当火炬如热至工作温度时，它膨胀接触到绝缘套筒15的内表面，并形成一密封。
实践中得知，火炬的尺寸和工作条件必须小心选择，才可保证本发明的电弧火炬在长时间内满意使用，在一使用实例中，其阴极尖端14有20mm的直径和25mm的长度，而螺纹杆28从背部延伸约10mm。气体通道23直径大约是7mm氮气吹入的流量大约是25gm/sec。电弧的供电电压是300V，电流是200A，涡流器26所达到的温度不超过800℃。
虽然本发明结合了特别实例进行介绍，但它可有多种的形式的实施。例如，其它结构气体通道可以延伸穿过阴极。如需要，也可在阳极12采用气体冷却。另外，并不限定涂钍的钨是制作阴极尖端的唯一一种材料，而它必须由有高熔点的材料制作，并且是由可热离子发射的材料制作。

Claims (3)

1、一种直流电弧火炬的气冷阴极，有一连接至主体的尖端，其内一用于工作气体的气体通道穿过主体，接近尖端，并邻近尖端气体流出主体，其特征在于一涡流器围绕阴极的尖端，并位于工作气体流出主体的出口的下游。
2、根据权利要求1所述的气冷阴极，其特征在于上述涡流器是金属制的，使用时当火炬加热至使用温度时，它膨胀并封住将阴极与阳极绝缘的套筒。
3、根据前述任何一项权利要求所述的气冷阴极，其特征在于上述气体通道穿过阴极连通尖端，使工作气体通过阴极时接触到尖端。
CN91100379A 1990-01-17 1991-01-17 电弧火炬用的气冷阴极 Expired - Fee Related CN1029206C (zh)

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EP (1) EP0571374B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2775198B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR0137957B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1029206C (zh)
AT (1) ATE140579T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU644132B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2073986C (zh)
DE (1) DE69120968T2 (zh)
ES (1) ES2091912T3 (zh)
GR (1) GR3020567T3 (zh)
IN (1) IN180745B (zh)
PT (1) PT96494B (zh)
WO (1) WO1991011089A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA91350B (zh)

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IN180745B (zh) 1998-03-14
KR920704551A (ko) 1992-12-19
AU644132B2 (en) 1993-12-02
CA2073986C (en) 1999-08-03
EP0571374A1 (en) 1993-12-01
WO1991011089A1 (en) 1991-07-25
GR3020567T3 (en) 1996-10-31
CN1053379A (zh) 1991-07-31
ZA91350B (en) 1992-04-29
PT96494A (pt) 1994-02-28
JPH05505697A (ja) 1993-08-19
US5296668A (en) 1994-03-22
EP0571374A4 (en) 1993-03-05
EP0571374B1 (en) 1996-07-17
ATE140579T1 (de) 1996-08-15
ES2091912T3 (es) 1996-11-16
CA2073986A1 (en) 1991-07-18
DE69120968D1 (de) 1996-08-22
PT96494B (pt) 1996-10-31
AU7160791A (en) 1991-08-05
KR0137957B1 (ko) 1998-07-01
JP2775198B2 (ja) 1998-07-16
DE69120968T2 (de) 1996-11-28

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