Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of artificial cornea, only can see light again by implantable artificial cornea because cornea damages blind people.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Artificial cornea, comprises support and mirror post,
Described support extends along a sphere, and the center of described support is provided with poroid carrier base; The inwall of described carrier base is provided with female thread;
The radial section of described mirror post is circular; Comprise introduction segment, thread segment and the revealed section of connection successively and coaxial setting; The side face of described thread segment with the external screw thread of described screw-internal thread fit; And the radial dimension of described introduction segment, described thread segment and described revealed section increases successively; Described introduction segment is concave surface away from the end face of described thread segment; Described revealed section is convex surface away from the end face of described thread segment;
In the time that described support coordinates with described mirror post, the protrusion direction of described convex surface is consistent with the protrusion direction of described support.
Further, in aforesaid artificial cornea,
Described concave surface is sphere, and its spherical radius is 9.5~35.5 millimeters;
And/or
Described convex surface is sphere, and its spherical radius is 6.4~8.5.
Further, in aforesaid artificial cornea, on described convex surface, be provided with the screw-in hole for coordinating with the instrument of the described mirror post of rotation.
Further, in aforesaid artificial cornea,
The axial length of described introduction segment is 0.2~2.4 millimeter;
And/or
The axial length of described thread segment is 0.2~3 millimeter;
And/or
The axial length of described revealed section is 0.2~4 millimeter.
Further, in aforesaid artificial cornea,
The diameter of described introduction segment is 1.5~4 millimeters;
And/or
The diameter of described thread segment is 2~4.5 millimeters;
And/or
The diameter of described revealed section is 2.5~6.5 millimeters.
Further, in aforesaid artificial cornea,
The material of described support is medical methyl methacrylate, and its thickness is 0.2~1 millimeter;
Or
The material of described support is titanium alloy, and its thickness is 0.05~1 millimeter.
Further, in aforesaid artificial cornea, described support comprises the main body that medical methyl methacrylate makes and embeds described body interior by the titanium alloy reticulated made from the good titanium alloy of human body compatible degree; The bearing of trend of described titanium alloy reticulated is consistent with the bearing of trend of described main body.
Further, in aforesaid artificial cornea, described main body is provided with multiple through holes, and multiple described through hole is around described carrier base setting.
Further, in aforesaid artificial cornea, described support comprises the titanium alloy reticulated that titanium alloy is made and wraps up the protective sleeve of being made up of medical methyl methacrylate at titanium alloy reticulated edge.
Further, in aforesaid artificial cornea,
The thickness of described titanium alloy reticulated is 0.05~0.5 millimeter;
And/or
The thickness of described main body is 0.2~1 millimeter.
Compared with prior art, the designed artificial cornea of the present invention can import optical fundus by the light of outside, at fundus imaging.Specific design is that support is first fixed on eye table.If when patient still has complete damage cornea to exist, support is arranged between the corneal lamellar of damage; If patient, due to the adhesion of burn cornea, cannot be arranged on support between cornea, just support can be arranged between eyelid.Support is used for fixed mirror post, just can be by rack-mount mirror post after support installs, and the light of outside just can enter optical fundus, and patient just can obtain light.
In addition, artificial cornea provided by the present invention also has following beneficial effect:
(1) by concave surface and convex surface are set on mirror post, can make mirror post possess certain diopter, strengthen lighting angle, improve patient's angular field of view, can also play the effect of correct vision.
(2) by mirror post is designed to comprise introduction segment, thread segment and revealed section, introduction segment can make mirror post enter faster in carrier base, the external screw thread of thread segment reaches the effect of fixed mirror post except playing with the screw-internal thread fit of carrier base, also can play good sealing effectiveness, prevent that intraocular fluid seepage from going out; Revealed section is exposed to the effect of outer collection light.
(3) medical polymethyl methacrylate and titanium alloy are all the materials good with human body compatible degree, and tissue is relatively little to the rejection of this bi-material.Therefore use above-mentioned bi-material can reduce the stimulation of artificial cornea to people ocular tissue.
(4) by being to comprise the main body that medical methyl methacrylate makes and embed body interior by titanium alloy reticulated two parts made from the good titanium alloy of human body compatible degree support Design, the ability that the external force that has increased the anti-opposing of artificial cornea is set of titanium alloy reticulated, has improved artificial cornea's mechanical strength.Extend artificial cornea's service life.And compound polymethyl methacrylate has implant into body and does not produce rejection outside titanium alloy reticulated, the good and more stable crash-resistant feature of the compatibility.
(5) by multiple through holes are set in the main body in carrier base periphery, outside the titanium alloy reticulated that can make to embed body interior is exposed to, when human eye is organized in growth, the tissue that is positioned at titanium alloy reticulated one side can see through together with the tissue growth of titanium alloy reticulated and opposite side, thereby what support was fixed is more firm, further prevents that it from moving; In addition, can also alleviate the weight of support by through hole is set, alleviate the sense of discomfort of people ocular tissue.
(6) large diameter mirror post can provide more wide visual field scope for patient, but also has daily nursing difficulty simultaneously, and the problems such as pathological changes easily occur; Although and the nursing of undersized mirror post easily, its field range is narrower, effect is not very desirable.The diameter of the introduction segment of mirror post is set to 1.5~4 millimeters; And/or the diameter of thread segment is set to 2~4.5 millimeters; And/or the diameter of revealed section is set to 2.5~6.5 millimeters; Within the scope of this, field range can be not too small, and daily nursing is also relatively simple.
Detailed description of the invention
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the technical scheme of various embodiments of the present invention is carried out to clear, complete description, obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, instead of whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment described in the present invention, all other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under the prerequisite that does not need creative work, in the scope of protecting in the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, embodiments of the invention one provide a kind of artificial cornea, comprise support and mirror post,
Described support extends along a sphere, and the center of described support is provided with poroid carrier base 1; The inwall of described carrier base 1 is provided with female thread;
The radial section of described mirror post is circular; Comprise introduction segment 7, thread segment 8 and the revealed section 9 of connection successively and coaxial setting; The side face of described thread segment 8 with the external screw thread of described screw-internal thread fit; And the radial dimension of described introduction segment 7, described thread segment 8 and described revealed section 9 increases successively; Described introduction segment 7 is concave surface 5 away from the end face of described thread segment 8; Described revealed section 9 is convex surface 6 away from the end face of described thread segment 8;
In the time that described support coordinates with described mirror post, the protrusion direction of described convex surface 6 is consistent with the protrusion direction of described support.
Can make like this by operation, support to be fixed on eye cornea, afterwards mirror post is selected into support and play printing opacity effect, light can enter by mirror post the inside of eyes, and blind patient is seen light again.
In addition, by concave surface 5 and convex surface 6 are set on mirror post, can make mirror post possess certain diopter, strengthen lighting angle, improve patient's field range, can also play the effect of correct vision.
By mirror post being designed to comprise introduction segment 7, thread segment 8 and revealed section 9, introduction segment 7 can make mirror post enter faster in carrier base 1, the external screw thread of thread segment 8 is responsible for reaching with the screw-internal thread fit of carrier base 1 effect of fixed mirror post, also can play good sealing effectiveness, prevent that intraocular fluid seepage from going out; Revealed section 9 is exposed to outer collection light.
The convex surface 6 of mirror post and concave surface 5 are determining the diopter of mirror post, are also determining the field range after operation in patients.General described concave surface 5 is sphere, and its spherical radius is 9.5~35.5 millimeters.Described convex surface 6 is sphere, and its spherical radius is 6.4~8.5 millimeters.
Because mirror post is less, so generally need to use instrument mirror post and carrier base 1 could be screwed.Coordinate with instrument for convenient, can on the convex surface of mirror post 6, be provided for the screw-in hole coordinating with the instrument that rotates described mirror post.The number that screws in hole is preferably no less than two, and is preferably disposed on the position that does not affect visual angle.
In use the introduction segment 7 of mirror post need to lay respectively at eyeball inside and eyeball outside with revealed section 9.Due to everyone eyeball size difference, and because disease also may cause the varied in thickness of cornea, therefore the length of mirror post also needs corresponding adjustment.The axial length of general described introduction segment 7 is 0.2~2.4 millimeter; The axial length of described thread segment 8 is 0.2~3 millimeter; The axial length of described revealed section 9 is 0.2~4 millimeter.
Large diameter mirror post can provide more wide visual field scope for patient, but also has daily nursing difficulty simultaneously, and the problems such as pathological changes easily occur; Although and the nursing of undersized mirror post easily, its field range is narrower, effect is not very desirable.The diameter of the introduction segment 7 of mirror post is set to 1.5~4 millimeters; And/or the diameter of thread segment 8 is set to 2~4.5 millimeters; And/or the diameter of revealed section 9 is set to 2.5~6.5 millimeters; Within the scope of this, field range can be not too small, and daily nursing is also relatively simple.
Medical polymethyl methacrylate and titanium alloy are all the materials good with human body compatible degree, and tissue is relatively little to the rejection of this bi-material, therefore use above-mentioned bi-material can reduce the stimulation of artificial cornea to people ocular tissue.
In the time that the material of support is medical methyl methacrylate, its thickness is preferably 0.2~1 millimeter;
In the time that the material of support is titanium alloy, its thickness is preferably 0.05~1 millimeter.
The axis projection of support can have various shape, and for example rectangle or the better simply shape of circular geometric ratio also can be made as the shapes such as one leaf, two leaf, trilobal as shown in Fig. 2 to 5, quatrefoil, can select according to needs of patients.
The artificial cornea that embodiments of the invention two provide embodiment mono-improves.
As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, its support comprises the main body 2 that medical methyl methacrylate makes and embeds described main body 2 inside by the titanium alloy reticulated 3 made from the good titanium alloy of human body compatible degree; The bearing of trend of described titanium alloy reticulated 3 is consistent with the bearing of trend of described main body 2.
Like this, the ability that the external force that has increased the anti-opposing of artificial cornea is set of titanium alloy reticulated, has improved artificial cornea's mechanical strength.Extend artificial cornea's service life.And compound polymethyl methacrylate has implant into body and does not produce rejection outside titanium alloy reticulated, the good and more stable crash-resistant feature of the compatibility.
By multiple through holes 4 are set in the main body 2 in carrier base 1 periphery, outside the titanium alloy reticulated 3 that can make to embed main body 2 inside is exposed to, when human eye is organized in growth, the tissue that is positioned at titanium alloy reticulated 3 one sides can see through together with the tissue growth of titanium alloy reticulated 3 and opposite side, thereby what support was fixed is more firm, further prevents that it from moving; In addition, can also alleviate the weight of support by through hole 4 is set, alleviate the sense of discomfort of people ocular tissue.
The thickness of described titanium alloy reticulated 3 is preferably 0.05~0.5 millimeter;
And/or
The thickness of described main body 2 is preferably 0.2~1 millimeter.
Support is thinner also just fewer to the infringement of eyeball, but also can make cost of manufacture simultaneously and implant difficulty also can be multiplied; By test of many times, finally determine that thickness is that the main body 2 of 0.5 millimeter and thickness are that the titanium alloy reticulated 3 of 0.1 millimeter forms its each side cost performance of support all better.The order number of titanium alloy reticulated is preferably 150 orders.
Each patient's the state of an illness and physical qualification are different, and therefore artificial cornea's material and size need to be customized according to patient's concrete condition.
Embodiments of the invention three provide the third artificial cornea,
The support radius of a ball is 8.5 millimeters. material is titanium alloy sheet, and thickness is 0.15 millimeter, and the axis projection of support is rectangle, and it is of a size of 6 × 8 millimeters.
The axial length of the revealed section 9 of mirror post is 1.8 millimeters, and diameter is 3.5 millimeters, and the radius of a ball of convex surface 6 is 8.5 millimeters;
Thread segment 8 length of mirror post are 2.1 millimeters, and diameter is 3.0 millimeters;
Introduction segment 7 length of mirror post are 1.2 millimeters, and diameter is 2.0 millimeters, and the radius of a ball of concave surface 5 is 10.45 millimeters.
It is applicable to repeatedly corneal transplantation failure, corneal leukoma, and cornea adhesion cannot be the patient of corneal graft.
As shown in Figure 8, embodiments of the invention four provide the 4th kind of artificial cornea.
The support radius of a ball is 7.5 millimeters, and thickness is 0.55 millimeter, and the axis projection of support is circular, and its diameter is 7.25 millimeters.
The axial length of the revealed section 9 of mirror post is 0.2 millimeter, and diameter is 4.5 millimeters, and the radius of a ball of convex surface 6 is 6.4 millimeters;
Thread segment 8 length of mirror post are 1.6 millimeters, and diameter is 3.5 millimeters;
Introduction segment 7 length of mirror post are 1.5 millimeters, and diameter is 3.0 millimeters; The radius of a ball of concave surface 5 is 11.5 millimeters.
It is applicable to keratopathy live cornea in mid-term and transplants unsuccessful.Utilize patient's self cornea to do and rely on auxiliary stand to perform the operation.When operation:
Take off corneal film with the trepan of 6.5 millimeters, then screw off 3 millimeters of corneal films at the corneal film center of 6.5 millimeters that screw off with the trepan of 3 millimeters.
The convex lens section of 4.5 millimeters that keratoscope post introduction segment, thread segment and revealed section are aimed in the hole of 3 millimeters of the corneal film screwing off is closely by jail, the convex surface of the corneal film screwing off and mirror post convex surface sphere.
By support by the introduction segment of carrier base and mirror post; Thread segment and mirror male screw link into an integrated entity, closely close with the cornea screwing off.
Finally the support being combined into one, the corneal film screwing off and mirror post are sewn onto on the position of former cornea again.
Carrier base 1 is directly made on the support of polymethyl methacrylate, with the support structure that is integrated.It is applicable to still have the keratopathy of vision, is repeatedly the unsuccessful patient of corneal transplantation.Utilize patient's self cornea to do and rely on auxiliary stand to perform the operation.When operation, take off with trepan the cornea 10 that patient damages, taking off the CC of damage, bore the hole that rotary-cut is equal to mirror column diameter under going out with little changing, by mirror post and also rack-mount with changing cornea 10 under drilling through, finally again support and the cornea 10 of self are sewn on the position of former cornea simultaneously.
Embodiment five provides the 5th kind of artificial cornea, and the material of its support is titanium alloy sheet material.
The thickness of support is 0.1 millimeter;
The axial length of the revealed section 9 of mirror post is 1 millimeter, and diameter is 3.3 millimeters, and the radius of a ball of convex surface 6 is 8 millimeters;
Thread segment 8 length of mirror post are 1.6 millimeters, and diameter is 3.0 millimeters;
Introduction segment 7 length of mirror post are 1.5 millimeters, and diameter is 2.8 millimeters; The radius of a ball of concave surface 5 is 11.5 millimeters.
When operation stentplacement between the corneal lamellar damaging, after three months, screw out the hole of 3 millimeters in alignment bracket center, cornea place with the trepan of 3 millimeters, then by mirror post screw-in and be threaded integral with carrier base.
As shown in Figure 9, embodiment six provides the 6th kind of artificial cornea, and its support comprises the titanium alloy reticulated 3 that titanium alloy is made and wraps up the protective sleeve of being made up of medical methyl methacrylate 11 at titanium alloy reticulated 3 edges.
Titanium alloy reticulated 3 radiuses of a ball are 8 millimeters, and thickness is 0.10 millimeter, and the axis projection of titanium alloy reticulated 3 is circular, and its diameter is 7.5 millimeters.
The axial length of the revealed section 9 of mirror post is 1 millimeter, and diameter is 3.3 millimeters, and the radius of a ball of convex surface 6 is 8 millimeters;
Thread segment 8 length of mirror post are 1.6 millimeters, and diameter is 3.0 millimeters;
Introduction segment 7 length of mirror post are 1.5 millimeters, and diameter is 2.8 millimeters; The radius of a ball of concave surface 5 is 11.5 millimeters.
Its operation method is identical with embodiment five.
The various embodiment that the embodiment of the present invention provides combination mutually in any way as required, the technical scheme obtaining by this combination, also within the scope of the invention.Obviously, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and modification to the present invention.Like this, if of the present invention these are changed and within modification belongs to the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent thereof, the present invention also will comprise these changes and modification.