Electrode composite material of a kind of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to novel energy field of material technology, particularly relate to electrode composite material of a kind of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Electrode material to be coated on tinsel by adhesive and to be shaped to obtain by the preparation method of the electrode composite material of lithium ion battery traditionally, the shortcoming of the method has can use more adhesive in coating procedure, some electrode materials is caused not make full use of, the electrode composite material of high areal density cannot be obtained, adhesion simultaneously between electrode material and collector is poor, easy generation electrode peeling phenomenon, reduce its Mechanical Reliability, the rate of curving is limited.Electrode composite material is applied in battery product, makes that the capacitance of battery product reduces, internal resistance increases, useful life shortens, processing technology complicated and cost increases, and limits the extensive use of lithium battery.
Usual employing tinsel is as collector, in cyclic process, the Swelling and contraction of volume can be there is along with the embedding of lithium ion and deintercalation in electrode material, the mechanical stress produced makes electrode material efflorescence gradually in cyclic process, cause the cracking of electrode and collector and peel off, between active material, electrical contact is lost, and internal resistance increases, and shows poor charge-discharge performance.In order to avoid this technical problem, existing electrode composite material needs the relatively thin of making, cause the surface density of electrode material less, and in order to obtain corresponding capacity and energy density, need to adopt thicker coating and a large amount of multi-disc laminated in follow-up battery assembling processing, when coating layer thickness is larger, can make again the poor processability of electrode, being accumulated in performance of this multilayer also can cause the internal resistance of cell to increase and the decline of stable circulation performance.Also make electrode material frangibility compared with the existence of thick coating, itself and collector are separated.Even if adopt thinner electrode composite material, also less Curvature varying be cannot realize, structure and the profile of the battery products such as curled battery limited.Mutual restriction in these prior aries, causes the improvement that the internal resistance of battery of the prior art, life-span and the parameter such as energy density and capacity cannot obtain essence.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide and a kind ofly makes electrode composite material of the lithium ion battery that battery performance is better, the life-span is longer and preparation method thereof.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: the electrode composite material providing a kind of lithium ion battery, comprise collector, electrode material, carbonization medium and porous polymer glue, described collector adopts the metal foam of many seepage holes, described electrode material is filled in many seepage holes of described collector, described carbonization medium is between described collector and described electrode material, and described porous polymer glue is positioned at the surface of described collector.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the porosity of many seepage holes of described Collective Flow is 30%-95%, and the metal material of described metal foam comprises nickel, silver, gold, copper, aluminium and their alloy, stainless steel.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described electrode material comprises positive electrode or negative material, and described positive electrode adopts lithium ion compound, and described lithium ion compound comprises LiMn
2o
4, Li
3v
2(PO4)
3, LiFeM
1pO
4, LiMnO
2, LiMnM
2o
2, LiFePO
4in one or more, wherein M
1comprise Ni, Co, Mn, Mg, Ca, Cr, V, Sr, M
2comprise Ni, Co, Mg, Ca, Cr, V, Sr, described negative material comprises material with carbon element, silicon materials, SiO
2, nitride, SnO
2, Sb
2o
3, Li
4ti
5o
12in one or more, described material with carbon element comprises natural or Prof. Du Yucang graphite, celion, carbonaceous mesophase spherules, hard carbon, carbon nano-tube, Graphene.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described carbonization medium is space network, coated described collector and described electrode material.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described porous polymer glue comprises polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxyethylene, polymethyl acrylate, have in the polymer of acrylate monomer one or more, the thickness of described porous polymer glue is 1 μm-5 μm, and viscosity is 0.1PaS-10PaS.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described electrode composite material is flaky material, and thickness is 100 μm of-100cm.
Preparation method's step of the electrode composite material of described lithium ion battery is: add in adhesive to solvent and make colloidal solution, add electrode material and conductive agent again, be stirred into paste slurry, by the filled therewith that obtains in many seepage holes of collector, it is dry to carry out first time, is cast into certain thickness with Pressing device, calcine in inert gas again, at collection liquid surface coating porous polymer glue after cooling, carry out second time drying, obtain the electrode composite material of lithium ion battery.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described adhesive comprise in polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutadiene, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, ethylene propylene diene rubber, synthetic rubber, polyurethane one or more, described conductive agent comprises carbon black, acetylene black, carbon nano-tube, ultra-fine carbon dust or gas-phase growth of carbon fibre.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described first time, temperature that is dry and described second time drying was 90 DEG C-110 DEG C, the time of drying first time is 4h-12h, and the time of second time drying is 1h-10h, and described calcination process carries out 2h-8h at 500 DEG C-1200 DEG C.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: electrode composite material of lithium ion battery of the present invention and preparation method thereof, effectively alleviate the mechanical stress effect because of bulk effect generation in charge and discharge process, improve cyclical stability, possess good mechanical performance and resistant to bending performance, effectively slow down the peeling of electrode material, be applied in lithium battery, battery product is made to have larger battery capacity, ensure that the substance of battery internal resistance in charge and discharge cycles process reduces, make battery performance and life-span be obtained for good guarantee.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, can be easier to make advantages and features of the invention be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus more explicit defining is made to protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of electrode composite material of lithium ion battery, comprise collector, electrode material, carbonization medium and porous polymer glue, described collector adopts the metal foam of many seepage holes, described electrode material is filled in many seepage holes of described collector, described carbonization medium is between described collector and described electrode material, and described porous polymer glue is positioned at the surface of described collector.
The porosity of many seepage holes of wherein said Collective Flow is 30%-95%, and the metal material of described metal foam comprises nickel, silver, gold, copper, aluminium and their alloy, stainless steel.Described electrode material comprises positive electrode or negative material, and described positive electrode adopts lithium ion compound, and described lithium ion compound comprises LiMn
2o
4, Li
3v
2(PO4)
3, LiFeM
1pO
4, LiMnO
2, LiMnM
2o
2, LiFePO
4in one or more, wherein M
1comprise Ni, Co, Mn, Mg, Ca, Cr, V, Sr, M
2comprise Ni, Co, Mg, Ca, Cr, V, Sr, described negative material comprises material with carbon element, silicon materials, SiO
2, nitride, SnO
2, Sb
2o
3, Li
4ti
5o
12in one or more, described material with carbon element comprises natural or Prof. Du Yucang graphite, celion, carbonaceous mesophase spherules, hard carbon, carbon nano-tube, Graphene.Described carbonization medium is space network, coated described collector and described electrode material.Described porous polymer glue comprises polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxyethylene, polymethyl acrylate, comprise in the polymer of acrylate monomer one or more, the thickness of described porous polymer glue is 1 μm-5 μm, and viscosity is 0.1PaS-10PaS.Described electrode composite material can be flaky material, and thickness is 100 μm of-100cm.
In the present invention, the embodiment of the preparation method of the electrode composite material of described lithium ion battery comprises:
Embodiment one:
Be dissolved in by 7g polyvinylidene binder in 180gN-methyl pyrrolidone, abundant stirring and dissolving makes colloidal solution, then adds 140gLiFePO
4with the ultra-fine carbon dust of 2.8g in colloidal solution, stir with mixer and make the anode sizing agent of paste.Adopting slurry-scraping method the anode sizing agent obtained to be filled into porosity is in many seepage holes of the collector of 90%, and wherein metal foam adopts aluminum, and the collector of filling positive electrode is put into the baking oven inner drying 4h that temperature is 110 DEG C.Take out and use Pressing device die casting, thickness is 300 μm, and wherein the size of thickness is determined according to the size of battery.Material after die casting is calcined 2h at 700 DEG C in nitrogen, and cool to room temperature takes out, and obtains carbonization medium between positive electrode and collector.Apply at collection liquid surface the porousness polyvinylidene fluoride glue that one deck viscosity is 1PaS, put into the baking oven inner drying 2h that temperature is 100 DEG C, obtain anode composite material, the positive electrode pole piece face specific capacity of gained anode composite material is approximately 40mAh/cm
2, far away higher than conventional value 12mAh/cm
2.
Embodiment two:
Be dissolved in by 7g polyvinylidene binder in 180gN-methyl pyrrolidone, abundant stirring and dissolving makes colloidal solution, then the Li of the atomic ratio adding Li:Fe to be the gross mass of 1:2 be 180g
2cO
3and FePO
4, with the ultra-fine carbon dust of 2.5g in absolute ethyl alcohol, join in colloidal solution after grinding 4h fully mixes, stir with mixer and make the anode sizing agent of paste.Adopting slurry-scraping method the anode sizing agent obtained to be filled into porosity is in many seepage holes of the collector of 90%, and wherein metal foam adopts aluminum, and the collector of filling positive electrode is put into the baking oven inner drying 4h that temperature is 110 DEG C.Take out and use Pressing device die casting, thickness is 300 μm, and wherein the size of thickness is determined according to the size of battery.Material after die casting is calcined 3h at 750 DEG C in nitrogen, and cool to room temperature takes out, and obtains carbonization medium between positive electrode and collector.Apply at collection liquid surface the polyvinylidene fluoride glue that one deck viscosity is 1PaS, put into the baking oven inner drying 2h that temperature is 100 DEG C, obtain anode composite material.
Embodiment three:
Be dissolved in by 7g polyvinylidene binder in 180gN-methyl pyrrolidone, abundant stirring and dissolving makes colloidal solution, then the Li of the atomic ratio adding Li:Mn:C to be the gross mass of 1:2:1 be 180g
2cO
3, MnO
2and glucose, grind 4h with the ultra-fine carbon dust of 2., 5g, fully join in colloidal solution after mixing, stir with mixer and make the anode sizing agent of paste.Adopting slurry-scraping method the anode sizing agent obtained to be filled into porosity is in many seepage holes of the collector of 90%, and wherein metal foam adopts aluminum, and the collector of filling positive electrode is put into the baking oven inner drying 4h that temperature is 110 DEG C.Take out and use Pressing device die casting, thickness is 300 μm, and wherein the size of thickness is determined according to the size of battery.Material after die casting is calcined 2h at 350 DEG C in nitrogen, then calcine 2h at 700 DEG C, cool to room temperature takes out, and obtains carbonization medium between positive electrode and collector.Apply at collection liquid surface the polyvinylidene fluoride glue that one deck viscosity is 1PaS, put into the baking oven inner drying 2h that temperature is 100 DEG C, obtain anode composite material.
Embodiment four:
Be dissolved in by 7g polyvinylidene binder in 180gN-methyl pyrrolidone, abundant stirring and dissolving makes colloidal solution, then adds 70gLi
4ti
5o
12with the ultra-fine carbon dust of 1.4g in colloidal solution, stir with mixer and make the cathode size of paste.Adopting slurry-scraping method the cathode size obtained to be filled into porosity is in many seepage holes of the collector of 90%, and wherein metal foam adopts copper product, and the collector of filling negative material is put into the baking oven inner drying 4h that temperature is 110 DEG C.Take out and use Pressing device die casting, thickness is 150 μm, and wherein the size of thickness is determined according to the size of battery.Material after die casting is calcined 3h at 650 DEG C in nitrogen, and cool to room temperature takes out, and obtains carbonization medium between negative material and collector.Apply at collection liquid surface the polyvinylidene fluoride glue that one deck viscosity is 1PaS, put into the baking oven inner drying 2h that temperature is 100 DEG C, obtain anode material, the positive electrode pole piece face specific capacity of gained anode composite material is approximately 44mAh/cm
2, far away higher than conventional value 13.2mAh/cm
2.
Embodiment five:
Be dissolved in by 7g polyvinylidene binder in 180gN-methyl pyrrolidone, abundant stirring and dissolving makes colloidal solution, then adds 60gSiO
2, 10g carbon nano-tube and the ultra-fine carbon dust of 1.4g in colloidal solution, stir with mixer and make the cathode size of paste.Adopting slurry-scraping method the cathode size obtained to be filled into porosity is in many seepage holes of the collector of 90%, and wherein metal foam adopts copper product, and the collector of filling negative material is put into the baking oven inner drying 4h that temperature is 110 DEG C.Take out and use Pressing device die casting, thickness is 150 μm, and wherein the size of thickness is determined according to the size of battery.Material after die casting is calcined 3h at 650 DEG C in nitrogen, and cool to room temperature takes out, and obtains carbonization medium between negative material and collector.Apply at collection liquid surface the polyvinylidene fluoride glue that one deck viscosity is 1PaS, put into the baking oven inner drying 2h that temperature is 100 DEG C, obtain anode material.
Embodiment six:
Be dissolved in by 7g polyvinylidene binder in 180gN-methyl pyrrolidone, abundant stirring and dissolving makes colloidal solution, then the Li of the atomic ratio adding Li:Ti to be the gross mass of 4:5 be 110g
2cO
3and TiO
2, with the ultra-fine carbon dust of 1.8g in absolute ethyl alcohol, join in colloidal solution after grinding 4h fully mixes, stir with mixer and make the cathode size of paste.Adopting slurry-scraping method the cathode size obtained to be filled into porosity is in many seepage holes of the collector of 90%, and wherein metal foam adopts copper product, and the collector of filling negative material is put into the baking oven inner drying 4h that temperature is 110 DEG C.Take out and use Pressing device die casting, thickness is 150 μm, and wherein the size of thickness is determined according to the size of battery.Material after die casting is calcined 4h at 700 DEG C in nitrogen, and cool to room temperature takes out, and obtains carbonization medium between negative material and collector.Apply at collection liquid surface the polyvinylidene fluoride glue that one deck viscosity is 1PaS, put into the baking oven inner drying 2h that temperature is 100 DEG C, obtain anode material.
The beneficial effect of the electrode composite material of the lithium ion battery that the present invention discloses and preparation method thereof is: (1) described collector is by achieving solid netted combination between many seepage holes skeleton and electrode material, the carbonization medium produced in calcination process and between electrode material and collector in nano level distance relation, three obtains sufficient contact, effectively alleviate the mechanical stress effect because of bulk effect generation in charge and discharge process, enhance the stability between electrode material and collector, improve cyclical stability; (2) application of die-casting technique can obtain the electrode composite material of multi-thickness sheet, has larger battery capacity, possesses good mechanical performance and resistant to bending performance, meets the needs of different battery product; (3) the solid netted combination of the active material in electrode material and collector, achieve the superior electrical conductivity in nanometer range, provide more stable interface, effectively slow down the peeling of electrode material, ensure that the substance of battery internal resistance in charge and discharge cycles process reduces, avoid the battery performance decline phenomenon therefore caused, battery performance and life-span are obtained for good guarantee.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize description of the present invention to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.