CN1029118C - High-dispersity powdery ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive - Google Patents
High-dispersity powdery ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive Download PDFInfo
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- CN1029118C CN1029118C CN 90105484 CN90105484A CN1029118C CN 1029118 C CN1029118 C CN 1029118C CN 90105484 CN90105484 CN 90105484 CN 90105484 A CN90105484 A CN 90105484A CN 1029118 C CN1029118 C CN 1029118C
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- ammonium nitrate
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Abstract
The invention relates to a process and a formula of a powdery ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive with high dispersity in the field of industrial explosives. The explosive is divided into rock type and coal mine allowable type, and can meet the requirements of various mines and engineering blasting.
Description
Powdery anfo explosive with high dispersivity relates to is a kind of new prescription and technology in the industrial explosive field.
Existing powdered ammonium nitrate-fuel oil explosive (comprising rock type and Permitted Detonator for Coal Mining) because its preparation technology is simple, safe and reliable, with low cost, is one of major industry explosive kind of producing both at home and abroad and using.But this class ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture blast performance is lower, the shelf lives is very short, and easily moisture absorption caking, water repelling property are poor, the requirement of hard above rock blasting in can not satisfying.For addressing these problems, done a large amount of work both at home and abroad, for example:
1. improve complete processing.Main single Mechanical Crushing (comprising wheel roller, cam pulverizer, ball mill or the mixed cartridge case) air stream drying that adopts reduces the fineness and the moisture content of ammonium nitrate.
2. improve the blast performance of ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture.Main path is to adopt pigment class metallic aluminium powder (magnesium powder) or single chmical compound explosive (trotyl, dinitrotoluene (DNT), mononitrotoluene), methylamine nitrate etc. to make sensitizing agent.
Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture is large in the variety on the basis of above-mentioned numerous work, and (seeing CN86100375A, Japanese Patent 83-46448,83-57309) yet do not find broad application.
Powdered ammonium nitrate fuel oil mixture (seeing number of patent application 89105829) has been studied successfully by Changsha Mining and Metallurgy Research Inst., Ministry of Metallurgical Industr.The characteristics of this explosive are: utilize the ammonium nitrate saturated aqueous solution in its evaporation drying crystallisation process, with composite dispersing agent and raising agent is grinding medium, pass through mechanical disruption, make ammonium nitrate be fines, and through the sensitization of compound fuel type sensitizing agent, the medicine of a cold nature and form powdered ammonium nitrate-fuel oil explosive, this stability of explosive is good, shelf lives is long, reaches the blast performance index of an-tnt explosive.This is ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture breakthrough technically.But this explosive is in the course of processing, and compound fuel type sensitizing agent ties up in the wheel roller and to add its degree of scatter and be restricted; Processing conditions is strict, thereby the blast performance index is affected.
The objective of the invention is: adopt a kind of otherwise effective technique approach, make explosive system have high degree of dispersion, thereby prepare the powdered ammonium nitrate-fuel oil explosive of a kind of blast performance height, good stability.
Technical characterictic of the present invention is: utilize ammonium nitrate saturated aqueous solution and compounded mineral oil to form milk sap, mix with flammable raising agent and composite dispersing agent then, evaporation drying is ground the medicine of a cold nature and is formed fine particle and finely dispersed powdery anfo explosive with high dispersivity.
Prescription of the present invention and technology division thereof are as follows:
One, processing step:
1. (comprise the crystalloid industrial ammonium nitrate with ammonium nitrate, granular agricultural ammonium nitrate) be solute, in the retort that joins the strap clamp cover and stir, and add 3～10% water, heating dissolves ammonium nitrate to become saturated solution fully, is 90～125 ℃ according to the temperature of the different ammonium nitrate saturated aqueous solutions of concentration.In the ammonium nitrate saturated solution, add an amount of water soluble surfactant active simultaneously.
2. compounded mineral oil is added and dissolve jar (retort of band stirring and chuck), dissolving fully becomes liquid state, and its temperature is 80～90 ℃.Add oil-soluble tensio-active agent simultaneously and form compound oil phase.
3. above-mentioned ammonium nitrate saturated aqueous solution and the compounded oil that dissolves are added in the emulsion tank, and add tensio-active agent,, form the true emulsion of oil-in-water-type with the rotating speed stirring of 150～250n/min.
4. ammonium oil emulsion input wheel roller is mixed with grinding medium wood powder (will not do) and composite dispersing agent, evaporation drying is ground.Make ammonium nitrate fineness and crystalline form in crystallisation process controlled, form the subparticle of high degree of dispersion, compounded mineral oil is dispersed in the explosive system.The wheel roller jacket temperature is 100 ± 5 ℃, and medicine body temperature degree is 85 ± 5 ℃.
5. will mix two sections wheel rollers of medicine adding and carry out the medicine of a cold nature.Below the medicine temperature drop to 40 ℃.
Two, the composition of powdery anfo explosive with high dispersivity and component per-cent:
1. the component percentages of ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture:
Ammonium nitrate 65～95%
Tensio-active agent 0.05～0.5%
Compounded mineral oil 1.5～6%
Wood powder 3.5～5.5%
Cosurfactant 0.1～0.5%
Composite dispersing agent 0.1～0.5%
Sodium-chlor 0～20%
2. the tensio-active agent in the compounded mineral oil is a non-ionic type, and its HLB value is 8～15, can adopt anhydrous sorbitol Soxylat A 25-7 monoleate, anhydrous sorbitol polyoxyethylene trioleate, the condenses of oleic acid N.F,USP MANNITOL sugar liver fat and oxyethane; Stearic acid N.F,USP MANNITOL sugar acid anhydride fat and ethylene oxide condensate;
3. compounded mineral oil; Flash point (opening cup) all can use at the various mineral oil more than 120 ℃, and molten o'clock more than 50 ℃.Divide following several classes: the mixture of (1) Vaseline and paraffin; (2) mixture of compound Microcrystalline Wax; (3) mixture of heavy oil and paraffin (or adding pitch); (4) mixture of heavy oil and compound Microcrystalline Wax; (5) the polymer combustiblematerials, comprising Atactic Polypropelene, polyethylene, rosin, a kind of in them or several mixture also can be added into them in above-mentioned a few class compounded mineral oil.
4. loose matter is wood powder or other fibre object, as bagasse, and husk etc.
5. composite dispersing agent can adopt the mixture of octadecane amine inorganic acid salt and sepiolite and coal dust, makes grinding medium and anti-hard caking agent.
6. the cosurfactant that adds in the ammonium nitrate saturated aqueous solution is water miscible natural or synthetical glue, comprises polyacrylamide, Xylo-Mucine (CMC) sesbania powder, locust bean flour, polyvinyl alcohol.
Three, the present invention is by the process flow diagram such as the accompanying drawing of the powdery anfo explosive with high dispersivity of above-mentioned technology and prescription processing.
Advantage of the present invention:
1. by the prepared explosive dispersity height of patent of the present invention, ammonium nitrate granule reaches 80% and crosses 140 mesh standard sieves (0.105mm), and oil phase is uniformly dispersed.
2. the powdery anfo explosive with high dispersivity blast performance height that patent of the present invention is prepared: explosion velocity (diameter 32mm paper shell cartridge bag) is 3700～3900m/s, and brisance is 14.0～16.0mm.Quick-fried power is 330～360ml, but existing ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture explosion velocity is 2400～2800m/s, and brisance is 9～11mm, and quick-fried power is 240～280ml.Existing No. 2 rock powdery an-tnt explosives: explosion velocity is 3200～3500m/s, and brisance is 12～14mm, and quick-fried power is 320～340ml.
3. powdery anfo explosive with high dispersivity does not contain high explosive and metallic aluminium, magnesium powder, and is with low cost.
4. the powdery anfo explosive with high dispersivity shelf lives did not lump greater than 6 months, never degenerated, and the blast performance index is constant substantially, and the existing ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture shelf lives is short, and (1 thoughtful January), easily caking was rotten, blast performance index instability.
5. the explosive course of processing does not produce dust, and does not have unwanted volatile, helps environment protection and workers ' health.
6. powdery anfo explosive with high dispersivity has water resisting property preferably, and the powder stick of paraffin paper shell packing soaked 12 hours in the 1M depth of water, and explosion velocity is constant.
Embodiment:
Example one:
Adopt above-mentioned technology, water is that solvent load is 6% of an ammonium nitrate, and explosive formulation is as follows:
Ammonium nitrate 91%
Tensio-active agent 0.1%
Sesbania gum 0.3%
Compounded mineral oil 3.1%
Composite dispersing agent 0.5%
Wood powder 5.0%
The key technical indexes:
Density (g/cm
3) 0.9～1.05
Explosion velocity (m/s) 3700～3900
Brisance (mm) 14.0～16.0
Quick-fried power (ml) 340～360
Induced detonation (cm) 5～7
Oxygen balance (%)+1.2
Example two, processing condition are with example one, and it is as follows to add the TNT explosive formulation when cold mixed medicine of a cold nature rolling:
Ammonium nitrate 89.5%
Tensio-active agent 0.1%
Sesbania gum 0.3%
Composite dispersing agent 0.5%
Compounded mineral oil 2.4%
Wood powder 4.2
TNT 3.0%
The key technical indexes:
Density (g/cm
3) 0.9～1.05
Explosion velocity (m/s) 3700～3900
Brisance (mm) 15～17
Quick-fried power (ml) 340～360
Induced detonation (cm) 5～8
Oxygen balance (%)+1.4
Example three, processing condition are with example one, and it is as follows to add NaCl10～15% explosive formulation when cold mixed medicine of a cold nature rolling:
No. 1 No. 2
Ammonium nitrate 83% 78%
Tensio-active agent 0.1% 0.1%
Compounded mineral oil 2.5% 2.5%
Composite dispersing agent 0.1 0.1%
Wood powder 4.0% 4.0%
Sodium-chlor 10% 15%
Sesbania gum 0.3% 0.3%
Oxygen balance-0.8%+2.0%
The key technical indexes:
Density (g/cm
3) 0.9～1.1
Explosion velocity (m/s) 3000～3400
Brisance (mm) 10～12
Quick-fried power (ml) 260～300
Induced detonation (cm) 3～5
Claims (6)
1, a kind of powdery anfo explosive with high dispersivity is characterized in that the prescription of this explosive: ammonium nitrate 65～95%, wood powder 3.5～5.5%, tritonal 0～7%, composite dispersing agent 0.1～0.5%, compounded mineral oil 1.5～6%, sodium-chlor 0～2%, tensio-active agent 0.05～0.5%, cosurfactant 0.1～0.5%.
2, powdery anfo explosive with high dispersivity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in compounded mineral oil, need to adopt HLB value scope to should be 8～15 oil soluble surfactant, tensio-active agent should be a kind of of following material or their mixture: the polyoxyethylated single olein of anhydrous sorbitol, anhydrous sorbitol polyoxyethylene Triolein, oleic acid N.F,USP MANNITOL sugar acid anhydride fat and ethylene oxide condensate, stearic acid N.F,USP MANNITOL sugar acid anhydride fat and ethylene oxide condensate.
3, powdery anfo explosive with high dispersivity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: must add cosurfactant in the ammonium nitrate saturated aqueous solution: natural sesbania gum, locust bean gum, guar gum or synthetic polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, Xylo-Mucine.
4, powdery anfo explosive with high dispersivity according to claim 1 is characterized in that: compounded mineral oil can be selected from following a few class:
(1) heavy oil and paraffin wax or bituminous mixture
(2) mixture of compound Microcrystalline Wax
(3) mixture of heavy oil and compound Microcrystalline Wax
(4) mixture of paraffin and Vaseline
(5) also can adopt Atactic Polypropelene, polyethylene, rosin polymer fuel, also they can be added into (1) to the mineral of (4).
5, powdery anfo explosive with high dispersivity according to claim 1 is characterized in that: composite dispersing agent is the mixture of octadecane amine inorganic acid salt and sepiolite and coal dust.
6, a kind of method of making the described powdery anfo explosive with high dispersivity of claim 1 is characterized in that comprising following process steps:
(1) comprises the crystalloid industrial ammonium nitrate with ammonium nitrate, granular agricultural ammonium nitrate is solute, in the retort that joins the strap clamp cover and stir, and add 3～10% water, heating is dissolved ammonium nitrate fully becomes saturated solution, temperature according to the different ammonium nitrate saturated solutions of concentration is 90～125 ℃, adds an amount of water soluble surfactant active simultaneously in the ammonium nitrate saturated solution;
(2) retort that composite minerals is dissolved i.e. band stirring of jar and chuck by adding dissolves liquid state fully, and its temperature is 80～90 ℃, adds oil-soluble tensio-active agent simultaneously and forms compound oil phase;
(3) above-mentioned ammonium nitrate saturated aqueous solution and fused compounded oil are added in the emulsion tank, and add tensio-active agent, stir the stable emulsion shape of formation oil-in-water-type with the rotating speed of 150～250n/min;
(4) ammonium oil emulsion input wheel roller and the grinding medium wood powder and the composite dispersing agent of not predry are mixed, evaporate dry, the grinding of the universe, make ammonium nitrate fineness and crystalline form in crystallisation process controlled, form the subparticle of high degree of dispersion, compounded mineral oil is dispersed in the explosive system, the wheel roller jacket temperature is 100 ± 5 ℃, and medicine body temperature degree is 85 ± 5 ℃;
(5) will mix medicine and add two sections wheel rollers and carry out the medicine of a cold nature, below the medicine temperature drop to 40 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90105484 CN1029118C (en) | 1990-06-27 | 1990-06-27 | High-dispersity powdery ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90105484 CN1029118C (en) | 1990-06-27 | 1990-06-27 | High-dispersity powdery ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1057639A CN1057639A (en) | 1992-01-08 |
| CN1029118C true CN1029118C (en) | 1995-06-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90105484 Expired - Fee Related CN1029118C (en) | 1990-06-27 | 1990-06-27 | High-dispersity powdery ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1321949C (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2007-06-20 | 国营云南包装厂 | Rocky powdery ammonium nitrate explosive with no stibium, and preparation method |
| CN100361942C (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2008-01-16 | 四川南红化工有限公司 | Composite explosive welding explosive charge from ammonia oil for low-explosive speed steel plate |
| FR2954309B1 (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2012-03-23 | Eurenco France | MALLEABLE SOLID EXPLOSIVE AND ITS OBTAINING |
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