CN102904302A - High-efficiency solar charging device and charging method thereof - Google Patents
High-efficiency solar charging device and charging method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于太阳能充电技术领域,涉及一种充电装置,尤其涉及一种高效率的太阳能充电装置;同时,本发明还涉及一种高效率的太阳能充电装置的充电方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of solar charging, and relates to a charging device, in particular to a high-efficiency solar charging device; meanwhile, the invention also relates to a charging method of a high-efficiency solar charging device.
背景技术 Background technique
随着全球经济的飞速发展,能源短缺的问题已经日益严重,如何提高能源的利用率的问题已经逐渐成为各个领域研究和发展的方向。高效的能源利用率设备为节约能源,缓解能源短缺起到了重大作用。With the rapid development of the global economy, the problem of energy shortage has become increasingly serious, and how to improve the utilization rate of energy has gradually become the direction of research and development in various fields. Efficient energy utilization equipment has played a major role in saving energy and alleviating energy shortages.
现有的电能收集充电装置自身结构已经固定,只能对于特定的输入电压做出最出特定的电压输出,且自身的充电效率不高,无法适用于输入电压不固定的场合。光电转换器件自身的输出电压随光照强度变化而波动较大,无法直接作为充电使用。The structure of the existing electric energy harvesting charging device is fixed, and it can only produce the most specific voltage output for a specific input voltage, and its own charging efficiency is not high, so it cannot be applied to occasions where the input voltage is not fixed. The output voltage of the photoelectric conversion device itself fluctuates greatly with the change of light intensity, so it cannot be directly used for charging.
有鉴于此,为了适应于充电和提高充电效率,就有必要利用单片机等智能芯片技术对充电装置进行改造。In view of this, in order to adapt to charging and improve charging efficiency, it is necessary to use smart chip technologies such as single-chip microcomputers to transform the charging device.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:提供一种高效率的太阳能充电装置,可根据充电电压自动调整DC-DC变换电路使充电效率达到最高,能较好地适用于光照不稳定导致的光电转换模块输入电压波动较大情况下的高效率电能收集充电。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency solar charging device, which can automatically adjust the DC-DC conversion circuit according to the charging voltage to achieve the highest charging efficiency, and can be better suitable for photoelectric conversion modules caused by unstable lighting High-efficiency electric energy harvesting and charging under large input voltage fluctuations.
此外,本发明还提供一种高效率的太阳能充电装置的充电方法,可根据充电电压自动调整DC-DC变换电路使充电效率达到最高,能较好地适用于光照不稳定导致的光电转换模块输入电压波动较大情况下的高效率电能收集充电。In addition, the present invention also provides a charging method for a high-efficiency solar charging device, which can automatically adjust the DC-DC conversion circuit according to the charging voltage to achieve the highest charging efficiency, and is better suitable for the input of photoelectric conversion modules caused by unstable light. High-efficiency electric energy harvesting and charging under large voltage fluctuations.
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种高效率的太阳能充电装置,所述充电装置包括:控制器、启动电路、DC-DC变换电路、充电终端电池、和光电转换输入模块;A high-efficiency solar charging device, the charging device includes: a controller, a starting circuit, a DC-DC conversion circuit, a charging terminal battery, and a photoelectric conversion input module;
所述控制器分别连接启动电路、DC-DC变换电路,光电转换输入分别连接启动电路、DC-DC变换电路;The controller is respectively connected to the starting circuit and the DC-DC conversion circuit, and the photoelectric conversion input is respectively connected to the starting circuit and the DC-DC conversion circuit;
所述DC-DC变换电路包括降压拓扑单元和升压拓扑单元;所述控制器获取光电转换输入模块的电压值,根据光电转换输入模块电压值的不同,控制DC-DC变换电路使用降压拓扑单元或升压拓扑单元对所述充电终端电池进行充电;The DC-DC conversion circuit includes a step-down topology unit and a step-up topology unit; the controller obtains the voltage value of the photoelectric conversion input module, and controls the DC-DC conversion circuit to use the step-down voltage value according to the voltage value of the photoelectric conversion input module. The topology unit or the boost topology unit charges the charging terminal battery;
所述控制器的PWM功能引脚输出不同占空比的PWM波,来控制DC-DC变换电路中场效应管的导通时间与夹断时间,从而控制DC-DC变换电路中电感蓄能的大小,最终改变DC-DC变换电路的输出电压值。The PWM function pin of the controller outputs PWM waves with different duty ratios to control the conduction time and pinch-off time of the field effect transistor of the DC-DC conversion circuit, thereby controlling the energy storage of the inductance in the DC-DC conversion circuit. size, and finally change the output voltage value of the DC-DC conversion circuit.
作为本发明的一种优选方案,所述充电装置还包括电压放大采集模块,充电终端电池分别连接DC-DC变换电路、电压放大采集模块;所述控制器的ADC引脚通过电压采集放大模块对充电电压进行采样,由控制器控制DC-DC变换电路升压或是降压的幅度,调整充电效率。As a preferred solution of the present invention, the charging device also includes a voltage amplification acquisition module, and the charging terminal battery is respectively connected to a DC-DC conversion circuit and a voltage amplification acquisition module; the ADC pin of the controller is connected to the voltage acquisition amplification module. The charging voltage is sampled, and the controller controls the step-up or step-down range of the DC-DC conversion circuit to adjust the charging efficiency.
作为本发明的一种优选方案,所述充电装置需要低电压启动和高电压运行,使用不同的DC-DC电路作为启动电路,进行低电压启动和高压运行,DC-DC电路输出直流电给控制器供电。As a preferred solution of the present invention, the charging device requires low-voltage start-up and high-voltage operation, and uses different DC-DC circuits as start-up circuits for low-voltage start-up and high-voltage operation, and the DC-DC circuit outputs direct current to the controller powered by.
作为本发明的一种优选方案,所述升压拓扑单元为Boost升压拓扑单元,降压拓扑单元为Buck降压拓扑单元;As a preferred solution of the present invention, the boost topology unit is a Boost boost topology unit, and the buck topology unit is a Buck buck topology unit;
所述Boost升压拓扑单元中开关管导通时,电源经由电感、开关管形成回路,电流在电感中转化为磁能贮存;开关管关断时,电感中的磁能转化为电能在电感端一负一正,此电压叠加在电源正端,经由二极管、负载形成回路,完成升压功能;When the switch tube in the Boost boost topology unit is turned on, the power supply forms a loop through the inductor and the switch tube, and the current is converted into magnetic energy storage in the inductor; One positive, this voltage is superimposed on the positive terminal of the power supply, and forms a loop through the diode and the load to complete the boost function;
所述Buck降压电路中电源通过一个电感给负载供电,同时电感储存部分能量,然后将电源断开,只由电感给负载供电;如此周期性的工作,通过调节电源接通的相对时间,来实现输出电压的调节。In the Buck step-down circuit, the power supply supplies power to the load through an inductance, and the inductance stores part of the energy at the same time, and then the power supply is disconnected, and only the inductance supplies power to the load; such periodic work, by adjusting the relative time when the power supply is turned on, to To achieve the regulation of the output voltage.
一种上述高效率的太阳能充电装置的充电方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:A charging method of the above-mentioned high-efficiency solar charging device, said method comprising the steps of:
步骤S1、控制器获取光电转换输入模块的电压值;Step S1, the controller obtains the voltage value of the photoelectric conversion input module;
步骤S2、根据光电转换输入模块电压值的不同,控制DC-DC变换电路使用降压拓扑单元或升压拓扑单元对充电终端电池进行充电;控制方法为:控制器的PWM功能引脚输出不同占空比的PWM波,来控制DC-DC变换电路中场效应管的导通时间与夹断时间,从而控制DC-DC变换电路中电感蓄能的大小,最终改变DC-DC变换电路的输出电压值。Step S2, according to the difference in the voltage value of the photoelectric conversion input module, control the DC-DC conversion circuit to use the step-down topology unit or the boost topology unit to charge the battery of the charging terminal; the control method is: the output of the PWM function pin of the controller is different. The PWM wave of the empty ratio is used to control the conduction time and pinch-off time of the field effect tube of the DC-DC conversion circuit, thereby controlling the size of the inductive energy storage in the DC-DC conversion circuit, and finally changing the output voltage of the DC-DC conversion circuit value.
作为本发明的一种优选方案,所述步骤S1中,控制器的ADC引脚通过电压采集放大模块对充电电压进行采样,由控制器控制DC-DC变换电路升压或是降压的幅度。As a preferred solution of the present invention, in the step S1, the ADC pin of the controller samples the charging voltage through the voltage acquisition and amplification module, and the controller controls the step-up or step-down range of the DC-DC conversion circuit.
作为本发明的一种优选方案,所述充电装置需要低电压启动和高电压运行,使用不同的DC-DC电路作为启动电路,进行低电压启动和高压运行,DC-DC电路输出直流电给控制器供电。As a preferred solution of the present invention, the charging device requires low-voltage start-up and high-voltage operation, and uses different DC-DC circuits as start-up circuits for low-voltage start-up and high-voltage operation, and the DC-DC circuit outputs direct current to the controller powered by.
作为本发明的一种优选方案,所述步骤S2包括:所述Boost升压拓扑单元中开关管导通时,电源经由电感、开关管形成回路,电流在电感中转化为磁能贮存;开关管关断时,电感中的磁能转化为电能在电感端一负一正,此电压叠加在电源正端,经由二极管、负载形成回路,完成升压功能。所述Buck降压电路中电源通过一个电感给负载供电,同时电感储存部分能量,然后将电源断开,只由电感给负载供电;如此周期性的工作,通过调节电源接通的相对时间,来实现输出电压的调节。As a preferred solution of the present invention, the step S2 includes: when the switch tube in the Boost boost topology unit is turned on, the power supply forms a loop through the inductor and the switch tube, and the current is converted into magnetic energy storage in the inductor; the switch tube is turned off When it is off, the magnetic energy in the inductor is converted into electric energy at the inductor end, one negative and one positive, and this voltage is superimposed on the positive end of the power supply, forming a loop through the diode and the load to complete the boost function. In the Buck step-down circuit, the power supply supplies power to the load through an inductance, and the inductance stores part of the energy at the same time, and then the power supply is disconnected, and only the inductance supplies power to the load; such periodic work, by adjusting the relative time when the power supply is turned on, to To achieve the regulation of the output voltage.
作为本发明的一种优选方案,所述方法还包括步骤S3、控制器对充电终端电池部分的一个采样电阻进行实时采样,获得实时的充电效率以反馈给控制器,通过算法控制、计算调节控制器输出PWM波的占空比,决定升压或是降压的幅度,从而调整DC-DC变化电路,进而实时调整充电效率。As a preferred solution of the present invention, the method also includes step S3, the controller performs real-time sampling on a sampling resistor of the battery part of the charging terminal, obtains real-time charging efficiency to feed back to the controller, and adjusts the control through algorithm control and calculation The duty cycle of the PWM wave output by the device determines the step-up or step-down range, thereby adjusting the DC-DC change circuit, and then adjusting the charging efficiency in real time.
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明提出的高效率的太阳能充电装置及其充电方法,不必担心光电转换输入的电压值变化的问题,整套装置会自动调整使充电效率达到最大。本发明充电装置自身具有充电效率高,稳定性好等特点,可对光电转换器件输出的电能进行高效率地收集利用。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the high-efficiency solar charging device and its charging method proposed by the present invention do not need to worry about the change of the voltage value of the photoelectric conversion input, and the whole set of devices can be automatically adjusted to maximize the charging efficiency. The charging device of the invention has the characteristics of high charging efficiency and good stability, and can efficiently collect and utilize the electric energy output by the photoelectric conversion device.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明充电装置的组成示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the charging device of the present invention.
图2是本发明充电装置中启动电路的电路图。Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the starting circuit in the charging device of the present invention.
图3是本发明充电装置中Boost升压电路的电路图。Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of the Boost voltage boosting circuit in the charging device of the present invention.
图4是本发明充电装置中Buck降压电路的电路图。Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the Buck step-down circuit in the charging device of the present invention.
图5是本发明充电装置中电压放大采集模块的电路图。Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a voltage amplification acquisition module in the charging device of the present invention.
图6是本发明充电装置中的程序流程图。Fig. 6 is a flow chart of the program in the charging device of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图详细说明本发明的优选实施例。Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例一Embodiment one
请参阅图1,本发明揭示了一种高效率的太阳能充电装置,包括单片机1、光电转换输入模块2、启动电路3、DC-DC变换电路4、电池5、电压采集放大模块6。所述DC-DC变换电路4包括降Buck降压电路和Boost升压电路。由光电转换输入模块2的直流电压对整个充电装置供电。Please refer to FIG. 1 , the present invention discloses a high-efficiency solar charging device, including a single-
单片机1获取光电转换输入模块2的电压值,单片机1经过分析电压后,根据光电转换输入模块2电压值的不同,控制DC-DC变换电路4使用Buck降压电路和Boost升压电路对输入电压进行DC-DC变换。具体地,单片机1的ADC引脚通过电压采集放大模块对充电电压进行采样,由控制器控制DC-DC变换电路升压或是降压的幅度,调整充电效率。The single-
同时,单片机1使用AD对电池5部分的一个采样电阻进行实时采样,获得实时的充电效率以反馈给单片机1,通过算法控制、计算调节单片机输出PWM波的占空比,决定升压或是降压的幅度,从而调整DC-DC变化电路,进而实时调整充电效率。单片机1的PWM功能引脚输出不同占空比的PWM波,来控制DC-DC变换电路中场效应管的导通时间与夹断时间,从而控制DC-DC变换电路中电感蓄能的大小,最终改变DC-DC变换电路的输出电压值。At the same time, MCU 1 uses AD to sample a sampling resistor of
请参阅图2,图2是本发明启动电路的电路图。光电转换输入模块2的电压范围为0~20V,控制电路部分为5V,故要进行对输入电压进行降压或升压,2108AG的工作电压比较低,0.7V就可以工作,故适合作为低电压的启动电路。而光电转换输入模块的电压可以达到20V,所以在高电压的时候,用LM2596来为系统提供工作电压。由于通过控制电路自动控制输入电压范围比较困难,故通过检测输入电压来提醒是否要进行切换启动电路。图中的两个开关为继电器,默认和下方2108AG电路相连,系统在输入电压0.7V左右即可启动工作,然后由主芯片检测输入电压,当输入电压大于电池充电电压时,主芯片控制继电器动作,切换至上方LM2596芯片的电路为整个系统供电。Please refer to FIG. 2, which is a circuit diagram of the startup circuit of the present invention. The voltage range of the photoelectric
请参阅图3、图4,图3是本发明的Boost升压电路的电路图,图4为Buck降压电路的电路图。Boost升压电路中开关管导通时,电源经由电感-开关管形成回路,电流在电感中转化为磁能贮存;开关管关断时,电感中的磁能转化为电能在电感端左负右正,此电压叠加在电源正端,经由二极管-负载形成回路,完成升压功能。Buck降压电路中电源通过一个电感给负载供电,同时电感储存一部分能量,然后将电源断开,只由电感给负载供电。如此周期性的工作,通过调节电源接通的相对时间,来实现输出电压的调节。Please refer to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the Boost voltage boosting circuit of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of the Buck voltage reduction circuit. When the switch tube in the Boost boost circuit is turned on, the power supply forms a loop through the inductor-switch tube, and the current is converted into magnetic energy storage in the inductor; This voltage is superimposed on the positive terminal of the power supply and forms a loop through the diode-load to complete the boost function. In the Buck step-down circuit, the power supply supplies power to the load through an inductor, and at the same time the inductor stores a part of energy, and then the power supply is disconnected, and only the inductor supplies power to the load. With such periodic work, the adjustment of the output voltage is realized by adjusting the relative time when the power is turned on.
请参阅图5,图5是本发明的电压放大采集模块的电路图。单片机通过采集系统回路上采样电阻的电压值,由欧姆定律得出充电电流,从而计算出此时的充电功率。为了减少采样电阻对整体系统的影响,所以采样电阻上获得的功率必须远小于充电功率,经计算此时采样电阻上分得电压为毫伏级,需经过放大后通过AD采样,再送与单片机控制。Please refer to FIG. 5 . FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the voltage amplification acquisition module of the present invention. The single-chip microcomputer collects the voltage value of the sampling resistor on the system loop, and obtains the charging current from Ohm's law, thereby calculating the charging power at this time. In order to reduce the impact of the sampling resistor on the overall system, the power obtained by the sampling resistor must be much smaller than the charging power. After calculation, the voltage divided by the sampling resistor is at the millivolt level. It needs to be amplified and then sampled by AD, and then sent to the microcontroller for control. .
系统由MSP430单片机通过AD采样值和对PWM占空比调制来监测和控制系统运行。DC-DC变换电路的输出电压值由单片机的PWM控制,根据PWM的占空比不同,则对应直流变换电路中场效应管的导通时间与夹断时间不同,从而控制变换器电路中电感蓄能的大小,最终改变输出电压值,从而改变充电电流的大小,即充电的功率,而充电的功率满足等式:PE=PRs+Pt+Pc(PE为电源输出功率,PRs为电源内阻消耗功率,Pt为直流变换器上的损耗功率,Pc为充电功率)则可知Pc有最大值,所以必须通过单片机对采样电阻上电压进行实时采集,根据采样电阻的阻值换算出充电功率,再通过单片机反馈调节PWM的占空比,从而使充电功率保持在最大值,即最大限度提高光电转换输出功率的利用率。The system is monitored and controlled by the MSP430 microcontroller through the AD sampling value and the modulation of the PWM duty cycle. The output voltage value of the DC-DC conversion circuit is controlled by the PWM of the single-chip microcomputer. According to the different duty ratios of the PWM, the conduction time and the pinch-off time of the field effect tube of the corresponding DC conversion circuit are different, thereby controlling the inductance storage in the converter circuit. The size of the energy, and finally change the output voltage value, thereby changing the size of the charging current, that is, the charging power, and the charging power satisfies the equation: P E =P Rs +P t +P c (P E is the output power of the power supply, P Rs is the power consumed by the internal resistance of the power supply, P t is the power loss on the DC converter, and P c is the charging power), it can be known that P c has a maximum value, so the voltage on the sampling resistor must be collected in real time through the single-chip microcomputer. The resistance value is converted to the charging power, and then the duty cycle of the PWM is adjusted through the feedback of the single-chip microcomputer, so that the charging power is kept at the maximum value, that is, the utilization rate of the photoelectric conversion output power is maximized.
参阅图6,图6是本发明的系统程序流程图。为了提高系统的工作效率,降低功耗,就需要以尽可能的大的功率充电。所以采用光伏发电系统中常用的方法——最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)。每次单片机在输出一个PWM信号就采样充电电流,将其和前一次比较,以此决定PWM的占空比是增加还是减小,最终找到系统工作的最大功率点。当光电转换输入模块的电压在一段时间内变化很微弱时,单片机实时地对电路进行控制就没有必要了,而且那样只会使系统的功耗增加。所以当系统工作在最大充电电流以后就让单片机进入低功耗模式。每隔1S中断唤醒,判断系统的电压是否安全,以及是否工作在最大充电电流;如果不是则进行PWM调整。Referring to FIG. 6, FIG. 6 is a system program flow chart of the present invention. In order to improve the working efficiency of the system and reduce power consumption, it is necessary to charge with as much power as possible. Therefore, the method commonly used in photovoltaic power generation systems - maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Every time the MCU outputs a PWM signal, it samples the charging current and compares it with the previous one to determine whether the duty cycle of the PWM will increase or decrease, and finally find the maximum power point for the system to work. When the voltage of the photoelectric conversion input module changes very slightly for a period of time, it is unnecessary for the single-chip microcomputer to control the circuit in real time, and that will only increase the power consumption of the system. So when the system works at the maximum charging current, let the microcontroller enter the low power consumption mode. Wake up every 1S interrupt, judge whether the voltage of the system is safe, and whether it is working at the maximum charging current; if not, perform PWM adjustment.
以上介绍了本发明高效率的太阳能充电装置的组成,本发明在揭示上述充电装置的同时,还揭示上述高效率的太阳能充电装置的充电方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:The composition of the high-efficiency solar charging device of the present invention has been described above. While disclosing the above-mentioned charging device, the present invention also discloses a charging method for the above-mentioned high-efficiency solar charging device. The method includes the following steps:
【步骤S1】控制器获取光电转换输入模块的电压值。控制器的ADC引脚通过电压采集放大模块对充电电压进行采样,以此来控制DC-DC变换电路升压或是降压的幅度。[Step S1] The controller obtains the voltage value of the photoelectric conversion input module. The ADC pin of the controller samples the charging voltage through the voltage acquisition and amplification module, so as to control the step-up or step-down range of the DC-DC conversion circuit.
【步骤S2】根据光电转换输入模块电压值的不同,控制DC-DC变换电路使用降压拓扑单元或升压拓扑单元对充电终端电池进行充电。[Step S2] According to the difference in the voltage value of the photoelectric conversion input module, the DC-DC conversion circuit is controlled to charge the battery of the charging terminal by using a step-down topology unit or a boost topology unit.
控制方法为:首先采样光电转换输入的电压,若小于电池充电电压,直接切换至升压电路,若大于电池充电电压则根据情况使用升压或者降压电路。控制器的PWM功能引脚输出不同占空比的PWM波,来控制DC-DC变换电路中场效应管的导通时间与夹断时间,从而控制DC-DC变换电路中电感蓄能的大小,最终改变DC-DC变换电路的输出电压值。The control method is: first sample the voltage input by the photoelectric conversion, if it is less than the battery charging voltage, directly switch to the boost circuit, if it is greater than the battery charging voltage, use the boost or step-down circuit according to the situation. The PWM function pin of the controller outputs PWM waves with different duty ratios to control the conduction time and pinch-off time of the field effect transistor of the DC-DC conversion circuit, thereby controlling the size of the inductive energy storage in the DC-DC conversion circuit. Finally, the output voltage value of the DC-DC conversion circuit is changed.
此外,所述充电装置需要低电压启动和高电压运行,使用两套不同的DC-DC启动电路,进行低电压启动和高压运行,DC-DC启动电路输出直流电给控制器供电。In addition, the charging device requires low-voltage start-up and high-voltage operation, and uses two different sets of DC-DC start-up circuits for low-voltage start-up and high-voltage operation, and the DC-DC start-up circuit outputs direct current to supply power to the controller.
具体地,所述Boost升压拓扑单元中开关管导通时,电源经由电感、开关管形成回路,电流在电感中转化为磁能贮存;开关管关断时,电感中的磁能转化为电能在电感端一负一正,此电压叠加在电源正端,经由二极管、负载形成回路,完成升压功能。所述Buck降压电路中电源通过一个电感给负载供电,同时电感储存部分能量,然后将电源断开,只由电感给负载供电;如此周期性的工作,通过调节电源接通的相对时间,来实现输出电压的调节。Specifically, when the switch in the Boost topology unit is turned on, the power supply forms a loop through the inductor and the switch, and the current is converted into magnetic energy storage in the inductor; when the switch is turned off, the magnetic energy in the inductor is converted into electrical energy in the inductor One terminal is negative and the other is positive. This voltage is superimposed on the positive terminal of the power supply, and a loop is formed through the diode and the load to complete the boost function. In the Buck step-down circuit, the power supply supplies power to the load through an inductance, and the inductance stores part of the energy at the same time, and then the power supply is disconnected, and only the inductance supplies power to the load; such periodic work, by adjusting the relative time when the power supply is turned on, to To achieve the regulation of the output voltage.
【步骤S3】调节DC变化模块的算法逻辑为:控制器对充电终端电池部分的一个采样电阻进行实时采样,若电阻两端获得的电压最大,也就是其通过的电流最大时,则认为充电效率最高。当光电输入电压小于电池充电电压时,启动DC-DC变换电路内的升压电路,PWM波的占空比依次从0%变换100%逐次控制升压幅度,比较每个变换点的采样电阻的电压,寻找使采样电阻的电压最大的PWM的占空比点,即为最大功率点。当光电输入电压大于电池充电电压2倍时,启动DC-DC变换电路内的降压电路,PWM波的占空比依次从50%变换100%逐次控制降压幅度,比较每个变换点的采样电阻的电压,寻找使采样电阻的电压最大的PWM的占空比点,即为最大功率点。当光电输入电压大于电池充电电压且小于电池充电电压2倍时,首先启动DC-DC变换电路内的降压电路,PWM波的占空比依次从50%变换100%逐次控制降压幅度,首先启动DC-DC变换电路内的升压电路,PWM波的占空比依次从0%变换50%逐次控制降压幅度比较每个变换点的采样电阻的电压,寻找使采样电阻的电压最大的升压或者降压的PWM的占空比点,即为最大功率点。至实时的充电效率以反馈给控制器,通过如上算法控制、计算调节控制器输出PWM波的占空比,决定升压或是降压的幅度,从而调整DC-DC变化电路,进而实时调整充电效率。[Step S3] The algorithmic logic of adjusting the DC change module is: the controller samples a sampling resistor in the battery part of the charging terminal in real time. If the voltage obtained at both ends of the resistor is the largest, that is, the current passing through it is the largest, the charging efficiency is considered Highest. When the photoelectric input voltage is lower than the charging voltage of the battery, the boost circuit in the DC-DC conversion circuit is started, and the duty cycle of the PWM wave is sequentially changed from 0% to 100% to control the boost amplitude successively, and the sampling resistance of each conversion point is compared. Voltage, look for the PWM duty cycle point that maximizes the voltage of the sampling resistor, which is the maximum power point. When the photoelectric input voltage is greater than twice the battery charging voltage, the step-down circuit in the DC-DC conversion circuit is started, and the duty cycle of the PWM wave is sequentially changed from 50% to 100% to control the step-down range successively, and compare the sampling of each conversion point Find the duty cycle point of the PWM that maximizes the voltage of the sampling resistor, which is the maximum power point. When the photoelectric input voltage is greater than the battery charging voltage and less than twice the battery charging voltage, first start the step-down circuit in the DC-DC conversion circuit, and the duty cycle of the PWM wave is changed from 50% to 100% to control the step-down range successively. Start the step-up circuit in the DC-DC conversion circuit, and the duty cycle of the PWM wave changes from 0% to 50% successively to control the step-down range and compare the voltage of the sampling resistor at each conversion point to find the maximum voltage boost of the sampling resistor. The duty cycle point of the buck or step-down PWM is the maximum power point. The real-time charging efficiency is fed back to the controller. Through the above algorithm control and calculation, the duty cycle of the PWM wave output by the controller is adjusted to determine the step-up or step-down range, thereby adjusting the DC-DC change circuit, and then adjusting the charging in real time. efficiency.
综上所述,本发明提出的高效率的太阳能充电装置及其充电方法,不必担心光电转换输入的电压值变化的问题,整套装置会自动调整使充电效率达到最大。本发明充电装置自身具有充电效率高,稳定性好等特点,可对光电转换器件输出的电能进行高效率地收集利用。To sum up, the high-efficiency solar charging device and its charging method proposed by the present invention do not need to worry about the change of the voltage value of the photoelectric conversion input, and the whole device will automatically adjust to maximize the charging efficiency. The charging device of the invention has the characteristics of high charging efficiency and good stability, and can efficiently collect and utilize the electric energy output by the photoelectric conversion device.
这里本发明的描述和应用是说明性的,并非想将本发明的范围限制在上述实施例中。这里所披露的实施例的变形和改变是可能的,对于那些本领域的普通技术人员来说实施例的替换和等效的各种部件是公知的。本领域技术人员应该清楚的是,在不脱离本发明的精神或本质特征的情况下,本发明可以以其它形式、结构、布置、比例,以及用其它组件、材料和部件来实现。在不脱离本发明范围和精神的情况下,可以对这里所披露的实施例进行其它变形和改变。The description and application of the invention herein is illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the above-described embodiments. Variations and changes to the embodiments disclosed herein are possible, and substitutions and equivalents for various components of the embodiments are known to those of ordinary skill in the art. It should be clear to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be realized in other forms, structures, arrangements, proportions, and with other components, materials and components without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Other modifications and changes may be made to the embodiments disclosed herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
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Application publication date: 20130130 |