CN102904066B - The electromagnetic Super-material antenna of a kind of convergence - Google Patents
The electromagnetic Super-material antenna of a kind of convergence Download PDFInfo
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- CN102904066B CN102904066B CN201110148974.0A CN201110148974A CN102904066B CN 102904066 B CN102904066 B CN 102904066B CN 201110148974 A CN201110148974 A CN 201110148974A CN 102904066 B CN102904066 B CN 102904066B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of a kind of convergence, comprise reflecting plate, feed, Meta Materials, described reflecting plate, feed, Meta Materials successively order are oppositely arranged, and described feed is used for emitting electromagnetic wave; Described reflecting plate goes back to the orientation at described Meta Materials place for the reflection of electromagnetic wave described feed being scattered to reflecting plate; Described Meta Materials is made up of, for being sent to free space by after electromagnetic wave convergence man-made microstructure multiple on base material and base material.The electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence of the present invention reduces volume and the loss of traditional antenna, can meet the requirement that stricter occasion uses.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of antenna, more particularly, relate to the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of a kind of convergence.
Background technology
As everyone knows, antenna has different radiation or receiving ability to space different directions, the directivity of Here it is antenna.Weigh antenna directivity and usually use directional diagram, in the horizontal plane, radiation is called omnidirectional antenna with the antenna received without maximum direction, has the antenna in one or more maximum direction to be called directional antenna.Omnidirectional antenna is non-directional due to it, so the multiplex zone center at point-to-multipoint delivery.Directional antenna is owing to having greatest irradiation or receive direction, and therefore concentration of energy, the relative omnidirectional antenna of gain wants high, is suitable for distant points point to-point communication, and simultaneously owing to having directivity, antijamming capability is stronger.
Existing antenna theory, the directivity realizing antenna only has two kinds of modes: one, increase antenna directivity with multiple element antenna composition aerial array; Two, the bore by increasing antenna strengthens the directivity of antenna.This two schemes all can increase the volume of antenna, and increases the loss of antenna.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, for the defect that directional antenna volume is large, loss is serious of prior art, provides a kind of and provides the electromagnetic metamaterial directional antenna of convergence that volume is little, efficient and cost is low.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, providing a kind of and converging electromagnetic metamaterial directional antenna, comprising reflecting plate, feed, Meta Materials, described reflecting plate, feed, Meta Materials successively order are oppositely arranged, and described feed is used for emitting electromagnetic wave; Described reflecting plate goes back to the orientation at described Meta Materials place for the reflection of electromagnetic wave described feed being scattered to reflecting plate; Described Meta Materials is made up of, for being sent to free space by after electromagnetic wave convergence man-made microstructure multiple on base material and base material.
In the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence of the present invention, described Meta Materials is formed by multiple plate shape substrates is stacking, and all people make micro-structural and form periodic array in space.
In the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence of the present invention, the periodic array of described man-made microstructure in space in uniformity.
In the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence of the present invention, when base material is selected, obtain by changing the pattern of man-made microstructure, design size and/or man-made microstructure arrangement in space the effective dielectric constant ε and equivalent permeability μ that want, thus determine described electromagnetic convergence.
In the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence of the present invention, described base material is obtained by ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.
In the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence of the present invention, described man-made microstructure is the figuratum metal wire be attached on base material of a tool.
In the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence of the present invention, described reflecting plate is smooth metallic mirror surface.
In the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence of the present invention, described metal wire by etching, plating, bore quarters, photoetching, electronics carve or ion quarter method be attached on base material.
In the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence of the present invention, described metal wire is copper cash or silver-colored line.
In the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence of the present invention, described metal wire is the derivative type of " work " font and " work " font.
In the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence of the present invention, described feed is half-wave dipole.
In the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence of the present invention, the areas diffract rate that described Meta Materials is corresponding with feed is 3.6, and all from described edges of regions downwards decrescence, span is the refractive index of remainder: 1.2 to 3.6.
Implement the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence of the present invention, there is following beneficial effect:
The present invention realizes a kind of small size antenna of high directivity, reduces volume and the loss of antenna, meets the requirement that stricter occasion uses.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation converging electromagnetic Super-material antenna of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of metamaterial structure schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is Meta Materials refraction index profile schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 a is the schematic diagram of man-made microstructure of the present invention;
Fig. 4 b, Fig. 4 c, Fig. 4 d, Fig. 4 e are the derivative figure of Fig. 4 a man-made microstructure.
Embodiment
By describing technology contents of the present invention, structural feature in detail, realized object and effect, accompanying drawing is coordinated to be explained in detail below in conjunction with execution mode.
" Meta Materials " refers to some artificial composite structures with the extraordinary physical property not available for natural material or composite material.By the structurally ordered design on the key physical yardstick of material, the restriction of some apparent natural law can be broken through, thus obtain the meta-materials function exceeding the intrinsic common character of nature.Three key characters that " Meta Materials " is important:
(1) " Meta Materials " normally has the composite material of novel artificial structure;
(2) " Meta Materials " has extraordinary physical property (often in natural material not available);
(3) " Meta Materials " character does not often depend mainly on the intrinsic properties of constituent material, and is decided by artificial structure wherein.
Refer to Fig. 1, the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of a kind of convergence, comprising: reflecting plate 10, feed 20, Meta Materials 30.Reflecting plate 10, feed 20, Meta Materials 30 successively order are oppositely arranged, and feed 20 is for emitting electromagnetic wave; Reflecting plate 10 goes back to the orientation at Meta Materials 30 place for reflection of electromagnetic wave feed 20 being scattered to reflecting plate; Meta Materials 30 is made up of, for being sent to free space by after electromagnetic wave convergence man-made microstructure 2 multiple on base material 1 and base material.
The electromagnetic electromagnetic property of convergence of Meta Materials 30 is determined jointly by the effective dielectric constant ε of Meta Materials 30 and equivalent permeability μ.The electromagnetic wave part sent by feed 20 directly exports Meta Materials 30 to, and be again reflected back to the direction at Meta Materials 30 place by reflecting plate 10 after another part scatters to reflecting plate 10, Meta Materials 30 is sent to free space by after received electromagnetic wave convergence.Preferably, reflecting plate is smooth metal plate.
Refer to Fig. 2, in order to better convergence effect, by Meta Materials more than 30 stacking formation Meta Materials aggregates 40, and all people make micro-structural 2 forms periodic array, and preferably, all people make micro-structural 2 and form uniformity periodic array.
Reach the effect of the electromagnetic wave convergence that feed 20 sends, require that the electromagnetic property of Meta Materials 30 has the function of convergence, namely, the effective dielectric constant ε of the territory element that Meta Materials 30 is corresponding with feed and equivalent permeability μ is maximum, the effective dielectric constant ε in all the other regions (i.e. two end regions) and the long-pending of equivalent permeability μ are gradual change trend from this edges of regions from large to small, because electromagnetic wave can to the large local deviation of refractive index, pass through additive effect, gradually can converge, reach effect required for the present invention.
As one embodiment of the present of invention, feed 20 can be half-wave doublet.Oscillator is the components and parts on antenna, and have guiding and amplify electromagnetic effect, the electromagnetic signal that antenna is received is stronger.The good metal of oscillator conductivity manufactures.Oscillator has plenty of shaft-like shape, and the structure also had is more complicated, is generally that a lot of oscillators are arranged in parallel within antenna.
Single half-wave doublet can on the spot use separately or be used as the feed of parabolic antenna simply, and multiple half-wave doublet also can be adopted to form antenna array.The oscillator that two arm lengths are equal is called symmetrical dipole.The oscillator that every arm lengths is quarter-wave, total length is 1/2nd wavelength, claims half-wave doublet.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 3, Fig. 3 is with the length of Meta Materials for Y-axis, and with the width of Meta Materials for x-axis, the Meta Materials 30 central region A section refractive index corresponding with half-wave doublet 20 is 3.6, and (namely upper part is two end portions: B1; End portion is B2) refractive index all from 3.6 of middle part downwards decrescence, span is: 1.2 to 3.6, and be divided into exponential sinusoidal distribution, microwave under this Meta Materials 30 pairs of TD-SCDMA frequency ranges, the effect of well converging can be played, the microwave dispersed can parallelly be penetrated, after tested, the radiation field of half-wave doublet is through the reflection of reflecting plate 10, through Meta Materials 30, make its half power lobe width decrease 6 °, the gain of antenna improves 3dB, and directivity and the gain of antenna are greatly improved.
In embodiments of the invention, reflecting plate 10, half-wave doublet 20, Meta Materials 30 all can be multiple, form relation symmetrical one by one, to adapt to different needs.
The DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε of electromagnetic refractive index material and the product reaction of magnetic permeability μ have relation, when a branch of electromagnetic wave by a kind of Medium Propagation to another medium time, electromagnetic wave can reflect, and the larger position deviation angle of refractive index is larger, when the refraction index profile of material inside is non-homogeneous, electromagnetic wave to the larger position deviation of refractive index ratio, by changing refractive index distribution in the material, will can change electromagnetic wave propagation path.
Meta Materials can to electric field or magnetic field, or both carry out corresponding simultaneously.The response of electric field is depended on to the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε of Meta Materials, and the response in magnetic field is depended on to the magnetic permeability μ of Meta Materials.By to the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε of every bit in Meta Materials space and the accurate control of magnetic permeability μ, we can realize by Meta Materials electromagnetic impact.
The electromagnetic parameter even or distribution heterogeneous in space of Meta Materials is one of key character of Meta Materials.The electromagnetic parameter a kind of special shape be uniformly distributed as non-uniform Distribution in space, but its concrete property, remain and determined by the characteristic of the unit structure arranged in space.Therefore, by the characteristic of each structure arranged in design space, just can design the electromagnetic property of whole Novel meta-material every bit in space, this electromagnetic material system will have numerous Strange properties, can play special guiding function to electromagnetic wave propagation.
As embodiments of the invention, base material 1 can be obtained by ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.As an embodiment, select FR4, F4B, polytetrafluoroethylene to make base material.Wherein, the electrical insulating property of polytetrafluoroethylene is very good, therefore can not produce interference to electromagnetic electric field, and there is excellent chemical stability, corrosion resistance, long service life, the base material that adheres to as man-made microstructure 2 be good selection.
In the present embodiment, preferably, described man-made microstructure 2 is metal micro structure, and described each metal micro structure is the figuratum metal wire be attached on plate shape substrates of a tool.
As an embodiment, described metal wire by etching, plating, bore quarters, photoetching, electronics carve or ion quarter method be attached on base material.Certainly, also can be other feasible processing methods such as three-dimensional laser processing.
As an embodiment, described metal wire is copper cash or silver-colored line.Copper conducts electricity very well with silver, sensitiveer to the response of electric field.
Man-made microstructure 2 is in " work " font in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 a, comprises the first vertical wire 201 and is connected to the first wire 201 two ends and perpendicular to the second wire 202 of the first wire 201.
Fig. 4 b illustrated embodiment is the derivative of Fig. 4 a illustrated embodiment, its man-made microstructure 2 not only comprises the first wire 201 and the second wire 202 of formation " work " font, also comprises being connected to the second wire 202 two ends and perpendicular to the 3rd wire 203 of the second wire 202.
Fig. 4 c illustrated embodiment is then the further derivative of the man-made microstructure 2 of Fig. 4 a, and its man-made microstructure 2 also comprises and is connected to the 3rd wire 203 two ends and perpendicular to the 4th wire 204 of the 3rd wire 203 on the basis of Fig. 4 b.
In Fig. 4 d illustrated embodiment the wire of each man-made microstructure 2 comprise mutually vertical and connect into " ten " font two the first wires 201, be connected to each first wire 201 two ends and perpendicular to the second wire 202 of the first wire 201, also comprise and be connected to each second wire 202 two ends and perpendicular to the 3rd wire 203 of the second wire 202.
Wire shown in Fig. 4 e, except having the first wire 201, second wire 202 shown in Fig. 4 b and the 3rd wire 203, also comprises and is connected to each 3rd wire 203 two ends and perpendicular to the 4th wire 204 of the 3rd wire 203.
Man-made microstructure 2 of the present invention also can comprise and is connected to each 4th wire 204 two ends and perpendicular to the 5th wire of the 4th wire 204, the rest may be inferred.Man-made microstructure 2 to electric field response of the present invention also has infinite multiple.The length that the length that the length of the second wire 202 is less than the first wire the 201, three wire 203 is less than the second wire the 202, four wire 204 is less than the 3rd wire 203, and the rest may be inferred.
Wherein, each first wire 201 is only connected with the second wire 202, and not any with other wire is crossing; Any N wire is only with (N-1) wire with (N+1) wire is crossing connects, and refuse other any wires crossing, N is more than or equal to 2 here.
Also have many metal micro structures to magnetic responsiveness in addition, as the opening resonance loop structure be all referred in many documents.Metal micro structure can also have and is much out of shape pattern in addition, and the present invention can not enumerate this, and man-made microstructure 2 of the present invention both can the structure of plane, also can be three-dimensional structure.
When base material is selected, can obtain by the pattern of design metal micro structure, design size and/or metal micro structure arrangement in space the convergence effect wanted.This is because, by designing the pattern of metal micro structure, design size and/or metal micro structure arrangement in space, can design Meta Materials electromagnetic parameter ε and μ of each unit in space.How as the pattern obtaining metal micro structure, the arrangement in space of design size and/or metal micro structure, this method is multiple, give an example, can be obtained by reverse computer simulation, first we determine that the convergence needed distributes, the electromagnetic parameter designing Meta Materials entirety is gone to distribute according to converging distribution, the electromagnetic parameter distribution of every bit in space is calculated again from entirety, the pattern of corresponding metal micro structure is selected according to the electromagnetic parameter of this every bit, design size and/or metal micro structure arrangement in space (having deposited various metals microstructural data in advance in computer), the method of exhaustion can be used to the design of each point, such as first select the metal micro structure that has specific pattern, calculate electromagnetic parameter, by the contrast that the result obtained and we are wanted, contrast recirculation repeatedly, until till the electromagnetic parameter finding us to want, if have found, the design parameter then completing metal micro structure is selected, if do not find, then change a kind of metal micro structure of pattern, repeat circulation above, until till the electromagnetic parameter finding us to want.If still do not found, then said process also can not stop.That is, after only have found the metal micro structure of the electromagnetic parameter that we need, program just can stop.Because this process is all completed by computer, therefore, seem complicated, in fact can complete soon.
Implement the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence of the present invention, there is following beneficial effect:
The present invention realizes a kind of small size antenna of high directivity, reduces volume and the loss of antenna, meets the requirement that stricter occasion uses.
By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are described above; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic; instead of it is restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; do not departing under the ambit that present inventive concept and claim protect, also can make a lot of form, these all belong within protection of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. converge an electromagnetic Super-material antenna, it is characterized in that, comprise reflecting plate, feed, Meta Materials, described reflecting plate, feed, Meta Materials successively order are oppositely arranged, and described feed is used for emitting electromagnetic wave; Described reflecting plate goes back to the orientation at described Meta Materials place for the reflection of electromagnetic wave described feed being scattered to reflecting plate; Described Meta Materials is made up of, for being sent to free space by after electromagnetic wave convergence man-made microstructure multiple on base material and base material; Described Meta Materials is cuboid; Described man-made microstructure is the derivative type of " work " font and " work " font, described derivative type comprise mutually vertical and connect into " ten " font two the first wires, be connected to each first wire two ends and perpendicular to the first second wire wiry, also comprise and be connected to each second wire two ends and perpendicular to the second the 3rd wire wiry; Described cuboid Meta Materials comprises the central region corresponding with feed and two end regions, and the refractive index of described cuboid Meta Materials is successively decreased from the central region corresponding with feed to two end regions.
2. the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Meta Materials is formed by multiple plate shape substrates is stacking, described plate shape substrates comprises base material and is attached to the multiple man-made microstructure on described base material, and all people make micro-structural and form periodic array in space.
3. the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the periodic array of described man-made microstructure in space in uniformity.
4. the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when base material is selected, obtain by changing the pattern of man-made microstructure, design size and/or man-made microstructure arrangement in space the effective dielectric constant ε and equivalent permeability μ that want, thus determine described electromagnetic convergence.
5. the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described base material is obtained by ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.
6. the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described man-made microstructure is the figuratum metal wire be attached on base material of a tool.
7. the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described reflecting plate is smooth metallic mirror surface.
8. the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described metal wire by etching, plating, bore quarters, photoetching, electronics carve or ion quarter method be attached on base material.
9. the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described metal wire is copper cash or silver-colored line.
10. the electromagnetic Super-material antenna of convergence according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described feed is half-wave doublet.
The electromagnetic Super-material antenna of 11. convergence according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the areas diffract rate that described Meta Materials is corresponding with feed is 3.6, and the refractive index of remainder is all successively decreased from central region to two end regions, and span is: 1.2 to 3.6.
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| CN104916918B (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2018-05-25 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of high-gain horn antenna based on Meta Materials loading |
| CN110683796A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-01-14 | 惠州市中为柔性光电子智能制造研究院有限公司 | Inhomogeneous metamaterial for converging electromagnetic waves |
Citations (2)
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| US7570432B1 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2009-08-04 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Metamaterial gradient index lens |
| CN101587990A (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2009-11-25 | 东南大学 | Broad band cylindrical lens antenna based on artificial electromagnetic materials |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7570432B1 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2009-08-04 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Metamaterial gradient index lens |
| CN101587990A (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2009-11-25 | 东南大学 | Broad band cylindrical lens antenna based on artificial electromagnetic materials |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 《An efficient broadband metamaterial wave retarder》;Jessie Y.Chin et al;《OPTICS EXPRESS》;20090427;全文 * |
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