Inhomogeneous metamaterial for converging electromagnetic waves
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metamaterials, in particular to a non-uniform metamaterial for converging electromagnetic waves.
Background
The metamaterial is a novel material and comprises a base material made of a non-metal material and a plurality of artificial microstructures attached to the surface of the base material or embedded in the base material, the base material can be virtually divided into a plurality of cubic base material units arranged in a rectangular array, each base material unit is attached with one artificial microstructure so as to form one metamaterial unit, the whole metamaterial is composed of the metamaterial units of hundreds of thousands, millions or even hundreds of millions, just like crystals are composed of countless crystal lattices according to certain arrangement, the artificial microstructures on each metamaterial unit are the same or not completely the same, the artificial microstructures are cylindrical or flat metal wires forming a certain geometric figure, such as metal wires forming a circular ring shape or an I shape, and due to the existence of the artificial microstructures, each metamaterial unit has equivalent dielectric constant and equivalent magnetic permeability different from the base material, therefore, the metamaterial composed of all metamaterial units has special response characteristics to the electric field and the magnetic field; meanwhile, different specific structures and shapes are designed for the artificial microstructures, so that the equivalent dielectric constant and equivalent magnetic permeability of the units can be changed, and the response characteristic of the whole metamaterial can be further changed.
The prior art completes the convergence of electromagnetic waves by using a focusing antenna, but the focusing antenna has the following defects: the volume is large and heavy, the use of miniaturization is not facilitated, the shape has great dependence, flexible design is difficult to carry out, the loss is great, the medium is easy to age, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a non-uniform metamaterial for converging electromagnetic waves, and solves the problems that a focusing antenna used for realizing the convergence of the electromagnetic waves in the prior art is large in size, heavy, not beneficial to miniaturization, very high in dependence on shape, difficult to flexibly design, very high in loss, easy to age a medium and high in cost.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the non-uniform metamaterial for converging the electromagnetic waves comprises a dielectric substrate, wherein a plurality of metal artificial structure units are unevenly distributed on the surface of the dielectric substrate and comprise a base material and artificial metal microstructures, the artificial metal microstructures are periodically distributed on the surface of the base material in one of etching, electroplating, drilling and etching and photoetching, the etching is a preferred scheme, the base material is nickel-zinc ferrite, and the nickel-zinc ferrite comprises 6-8 parts of ferric nitrate, 4-6 parts of nickel nitrate, 4-6 parts of zinc nitrate, 1-3 parts of cobalt powder, 7-10 parts of a binder, 5-7 parts of a plasticizer, 10-15 parts of a solvent and 15-25 parts of deionized water.
Preferably, the nickel-zinc ferrite comprises 6 parts of ferric nitrate, 4 parts of nickel nitrate, 4 parts of zinc nitrate, 1 part of cobalt powder, 7 parts of binder, 5 parts of plasticizer, 10 parts of solvent and 15 parts of deionized water.
Preferably, the nickel-zinc ferrite comprises 7 parts of ferric nitrate, 5 parts of nickel nitrate, 5 parts of zinc nitrate, 2 parts of cobalt powder, 8 parts of binder, 6 parts of plasticizer, 12 parts of solvent and 20 parts of deionized water.
Preferably, the nickel-zinc ferrite comprises 8 parts of ferric nitrate, 6 parts of nickel nitrate, 6 parts of zinc nitrate, 3 parts of cobalt powder, 10 parts of binder, 7 parts of plasticizer, 15 parts of solvent and 25 parts of deionized water.
Preferably, the adhesive employs acrylic and silicone pressure sensitive adhesives.
Preferably, the plasticizer material adopts butyl benzyl phthalate plasticizer.
Preferably, the solvent is mixed by mass ratio of 5: 2 n-propyl acetate and ethylene glycol.
Preferably, the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: mixing ferric nitrate, nickel nitrate, zinc nitrate and cobalt powder, dissolving in deionized water, adding ethylene glycol with the concentration of 25% into the mixed solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment until the mixture is uniformly dispersed, placing the obtained mixed solution in a water bath at 45 ℃, slowly adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the mixed solution, continuously stirring for 80 minutes at 300 revolutions per minute to obtain a mixed solution, carrying out crystallization drying on the mixed solution, crushing the mixed solution into fine powder to obtain doped nickel-zinc ferrite magnetic powder, uniformly mixing the obtained doped nickel-zinc ferrite magnetic powder with a binder, a plasticizer and a solvent to form slurry, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion for 50 minutes at 25kHz, carrying out tape casting on the slurry to prepare ferrite green sheets and drying the ferrite green sheets, then pasting metal films on the upper and lower surfaces of the ferrite green sheets, and rolling and pressing by using a magnetic press roll to obtain the nickel-zinc ferrite sheets.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a non-uniform metamaterial for converging electromagnetic waves. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the non-uniform metamaterial for converging the electromagnetic waves comprises a base material and artificial metal microstructures through a metal artificial structure unit, wherein the artificial metal microstructures are periodically distributed on the surface of the base material in one mode of etching, electroplating, drilling and etching and photoetching, the etching is the preferred scheme, the base material is nickel-zinc ferrite, and the nickel-zinc ferrite comprises 6-8 parts of ferric nitrate, 4-6 parts of nickel nitrate, 4-6 parts of zinc nitrate, 1-3 parts of cobalt powder, 7-10 parts of binder, 5-7 parts of plasticizer, 10-15 parts of solvent and 15-25 parts of deionized water, the property of converging the electromagnetic waves of the metamaterial can be effectively enhanced through the nickel-zinc ferrite, the defects of converging the electromagnetic waves by utilizing a focusing antenna in the prior art are overcome, the metamaterial is small in volume and light in weight, the use is more flexible, and the device has the characteristics of low loss and low cost.
(2) Mixing ferric nitrate, nickel nitrate, zinc nitrate and cobalt powder, dissolving the mixture in ionized water, adding ethylene glycol with the concentration of 25 percent, performing ultrasonic treatment until the mixture is uniformly dispersed, placing the obtained mixed solution in a water bath at 45 ℃, slowly adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the mixed solution, continuously stirring the mixed solution for 80 minutes at 300 revolutions per minute to obtain a mixed solution, crystallizing and drying the mixed solution, crushing the mixed solution into fine powder to obtain nickel-zinc-doped ferrite magnetic powder, uniformly mixing the obtained nickel-zinc-doped ferrite magnetic powder with a binder, a plasticizer and a solvent to form slurry, performing ultrasonic dispersion on the slurry for 50 minutes at 25kHz, casting the slurry into ferrite green sheets, drying the ferrite green sheets, pasting metal films on the upper and lower surfaces of the ferrite green sheets, rolling and pressing the sheets by using a magnetic press roller to obtain nickel-zinc ferrite sheets, and better promoting the nickel-zinc ferrite sheets to occupy octahedral gaps in the nickel-zinc ferrite particles, the magnetic field attenuation metamaterial has the advantages that crystal boundary phases are reduced, and demagnetization energy caused by crystal boundaries is further reduced, so that hysteresis loss of the metamaterial is improved, magnetic loss is increased, the performance of converging electromagnetic waves is improved, the broadband converging electromagnetic wave performance is good, and broadband and high converging electromagnetic wave performance can be realized to the maximum extent.
(3) The non-uniform metamaterial for converging the electromagnetic waves adopts acrylic resin and siloxane pressure-sensitive adhesive as adhesives, butyl benzyl phthalate as plasticizer materials, and the mass ratio of solvent is 5: 2, the electromagnetic wave converging performance prepared from the metamaterial base material can be effectively improved, and the quality of the base material can be effectively ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a metamaterial structure in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the metallic artificial structure unit structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a table of comparative experimental data statistics for examples of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-medium substrate, 2-metal artificial structure unit, 21-substrate and 22-artificial metal microstructure.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the embodiment of the present invention provides three technical solutions: the non-uniform metamaterial for converging the electromagnetic waves specifically comprises the following embodiments:
example 1
Mixing 6 parts of ferric nitrate, 4 parts of nickel nitrate, 4 parts of zinc nitrate and 1 part of cobalt powder, dissolving in 15 parts of deionized water, adding 25% ethylene glycol into the mixed solution, performing ultrasonic treatment until the mixture is uniformly dispersed, placing the obtained mixed solution in a water bath at 45 ℃, slowly adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the mixed solution, continuously stirring for 80 minutes at 300 revolutions per minute to obtain a mixed solution, performing crystallization drying on the mixed solution, crushing the mixed solution into fine powder to obtain doped nickel-zinc ferrite magnetic powder, uniformly mixing the obtained doped nickel-zinc ferrite magnetic powder with 7 parts of binder, 5 parts of plasticizer and 10 parts of solvent to form slurry, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 50 minutes at 25kHz, casting the slurry to prepare ferrite green sheets, drying the ferrite green sheets, then pasting metal films on the upper and lower surfaces of the ferrite green sheets, and rolling and compacting by using a magnetic press roll to obtain nickel-zinc ferrite sheets;
example 2
Mixing 7 parts of ferric nitrate, 5 parts of nickel nitrate, 5 parts of zinc nitrate and 2 parts of cobalt powder, dissolving in 20 parts of deionized water, adding 25% ethylene glycol into the mixed solution, performing ultrasonic treatment until the mixture is uniformly dispersed, placing the obtained mixed solution in a water bath at 45 ℃, slowly adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the mixed solution, continuously stirring for 80 minutes at 300 revolutions per minute to obtain a mixed solution, performing crystallization drying on the mixed solution, crushing the mixed solution into fine powder to obtain doped nickel-zinc ferrite magnetic powder, uniformly mixing the obtained doped nickel-zinc ferrite magnetic powder with 8 parts of binder, 6 parts of plasticizer and 12 parts of solvent to form slurry, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 50 minutes at 25kHz, casting the slurry to prepare ferrite green sheets, drying the ferrite green sheets, then pasting metal films on the upper and lower surfaces of the ferrite green sheets, and rolling and compacting by using a magnetic press roll to obtain nickel-zinc ferrite sheets;
example 3
Mixing 8 parts of ferric nitrate, 6 parts of nickel nitrate, 6 parts of zinc nitrate and 3 parts of cobalt powder, dissolving in 25 parts of deionized water, adding 25% ethylene glycol into the mixed solution, performing ultrasonic treatment until the mixture is uniformly dispersed, placing the obtained mixed solution in a water bath at 45 ℃, slowly adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the mixed solution, continuously stirring for 80 minutes at 300 revolutions per minute to obtain a mixed solution, performing crystallization drying on the mixed solution, crushing into fine powder to obtain doped nickel-zinc ferrite magnetic powder, uniformly mixing the obtained doped nickel-zinc ferrite magnetic powder with 10 parts of binder, 7 parts of plasticizer and 15 parts of solvent to form slurry, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 50 minutes at 25kHz, casting the slurry to prepare ferrite green sheets, drying, then pasting metal films on the upper and lower surfaces of the ferrite green sheets, and rolling and compacting by using a magnetic press roll to obtain the nickel-zinc ferrite sheets.
Comparative experiment
In a new material research laboratory of communication equipment, the nickel zinc ferrite sheets manufactured in examples 1 to 3 were selected respectively to perform a comparative experiment on the effect of converging electromagnetic waves, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the effect of converging electromagnetic waves of the nickel zinc ferrite sheet manufactured in example 1 is 85.5%, the effect of converging electromagnetic waves of the nickel zinc ferrite sheet manufactured in example 2 is 91.4%, and the effect of converging electromagnetic waves of the nickel zinc ferrite sheet manufactured in example 3 is 88.7%.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.