CN102904036A - Offset microwave antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an offset microwave antenna which comprises a feed source, a first metamaterial panel and a reflecting panel attached onto the back of the first metamaterial panel. The angle theta formed between the link from the feed source to the center point of the outer surface of the first metamaterial panel and the horizontal line is not equal to 180 degrees. Spherical electromagnetic waves emitted from the feed source are refracted by the first metamaterial panel, then are reflected by the reflecting panel and refracted by the first metamaterial panel again, and finally are converted into plane electromagnetic waves to transmit out. The offset microwave antenna is manufactured according to principles of the metamaterial, so that the offset microwave antenna is free of limitation of conventional convex lens shape, concave lens shape and parabola shape, can be processed into a plane shape or any other shape, is thinner and smaller and more convenient to process and manufacture, and accordingly has the advantages of low cost and good gaining effect.

Description

A kind of offset-feed type microwave antenna

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of antenna, relate in particular to a kind of offset-feed type microwave antenna of being made by super material.

Background technology

Conventional microwave antenna generally feed parabolic by metal and that be positioned at the metal parabolic focus consists of, and paraboloidal the acting as of metal gone out the reflection of electromagnetic wave of outside to feed or with the reflection of electromagnetic wave of feed emission.The paraboloidal area of metal and the paraboloidal machining accuracy of metal directly determine the parameters of microwave antenna, such as gain, directivity etc.Existing offset-feed type microwave antenna since the installation site of its feed not vertical with the center of antenna tangent plane and cross on the straight line of center of antenna, therefore the offset-feed type microwave antenna of routine does not have the impact of feed shade.But the reflecting surface of existing offset-feed type microwave antenna remains by the metal parabola and consists of.

The method that the metal parabola usually utilizes die casting and molding or adopts Digit Control Machine Tool to process.The technological process of first method comprises: make parabolic mould, casting parabola and carry out the installation of parabolic reflector.The technique more complicated, cost is high, and paraboloidal shape will relatively accurately could realize the direction propagation of antenna, so also higher to the requirement of machining accuracy.Second method adopts large-size numerical control machine to carry out paraboloidal processing, by edit routine, and path that cutter is walked in the control Digit Control Machine Tool, thus cut out required parabolic shape.This method cutting is very accurate, but makes relatively difficulty of this large-size numerical control machine, and cost compare is high.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, over against the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, proposes a kind of simple in structure, small volume and the higher offset-feed type microwave antenna of gain.

The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical problem adopts, and proposes a kind of offset-feed type microwave antenna, comprises feed, the first surpasses material panel and be attached at the Reflector Panel that the first surpasses the material panel back; The described material panel that the first surpasses comprises core layer, described core layer is made of the super sheet of material of the identical core of a plurality of refraction index profile, the super sheet of material of described core comprises that the super sheet of material base material of core and cycle be arranged in a plurality of the first pore-creating structure in the super sheet of material base material of described core, and each the first pore-creating structure and the super sheet of material base material of its accompanying part core have consisted of the elementary cell of the super sheet of material of core; Refraction index profile on the super sheet of material of described core satisfies rule: take a fixed point that does not overlap with the super sheet of material central point of core as the center of circle, the refractive index at same radius place is identical on the super sheet of material of core, and along with the increase of radius, refractive index reduces gradually.

Further, the angle θ that forms of the line of described feed and the described central point that the first surpasses material panel and horizontal plane is 45 °.

Further, described fixed point is positioned on the described border that the first surpasses material panel.

Further, described fixed point is positioned at quadrangle mid point on one side.

Further, the described material panel border that the first surpasses is for circular, and described feed is positioned on the circular periphery with the described vertical intersection point that the first surpasses material panel.

Further, the refraction index profile on the super sheet of material of described core satisfies formula:

$n\left(r\right)=n_{\max }+\frac{L-\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L"\; filenames="HDA0000078459620000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="r"\; filenames="HDA0000078459620000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}}^2}}{2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="d"\; filenames="HDA0000078459620000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}_2}$

Wherein, r is radius value corresponding to the super sheet of material elementary cell of the identical core of the refractive index formed circular arc of central point line, and L is that described feed is to the described vertical range that the first surpasses material panel, n _MaxBe the largest refractive index value that the super sheet of material of described core has, d ₂Thickness for described core layer.

Further, the described material panel that the first surpasses also comprises the super sheet of material of super sheet of material to the N of the first gradual change gradual change that is arranged at the described core layer outside, and the super sheet of material of described N gradual change is close to the super sheet of material of described core; The super sheet of material of each gradual change comprises that the super sheet of material base material of gradual change and cycle be arranged in a plurality of second artificial pore structure in the super sheet of material base material of described gradual change, and each second artificial pore structure and the super sheet of material base material of its accompanying part gradual change have consisted of the elementary cell of the super sheet of material of described gradual change; Refraction index profile on the super sheet of material of gradual change satisfies rule: take a fixed point as the center of circle, the refractive index at same radius place is identical, increase along with radius, refractive index is reduced to minimum value gradually from the maximum of the super sheet of material of each gradual change, and the line of described fixed point and described feed is positioned on the super sheet of material of the described gradual change border perpendicular to the super sheet of material of gradual change and described fixed point; The super sheet of material of each gradual change has identical refractive index minimum value with the super sheet of material of core.

Further, the refraction index profile on the super sheet of material of described core satisfies formula:

$n\left(r\right)=n_{\max }+\frac{L-\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L"\; filenames="HDA0000078459620000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}^2+r^2}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="d"\; filenames="HDA0000078459620000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}_1+2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="d"\; filenames="HDA0000078459620000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}_2}$

Wherein, r is radius value corresponding to the super sheet of material elementary cell of the identical core of the refractive index formed circular arc of central point line, and L is that described feed is to the described vertical range that the first surpasses material panel, n _MaxBe the largest refractive index value that the super sheet of material of described core has, d ₂Be the thickness of described core layer, d ₁The thickness that has for the super sheet of material of all gradual changes.

Further, the refraction index profile of the super sheet of material of described the first gradual change super sheet of material to the N gradual change satisfies rule:

n _i(r)＝n _min+(n(r)-n _min)＊(i/N)

Wherein, N is total number of plies of the super sheet of material of gradual change, and i is the corresponding sequence number of the super sheet of material of super sheet of material to the N of the first gradual change gradual change, n _MinThe identical minimum refractive index value that has for the super sheet of material of all gradual changes.

Further, the refraction index profile of the super sheet of material of described the first gradual change super sheet of material to the N gradual change satisfies rule:

n _i(r)＝n _min+(n(r)/n _min) ^(i/N)

Wherein, N is total number of plies of the super sheet of material of gradual change, and i is the corresponding sequence number of the super sheet of material of super sheet of material to the N of the first gradual change gradual change, n _MinThe identical minimum refractive index value that has for the super sheet of material of all gradual changes.

Further, described offset-feed type microwave antenna also comprises for what the electromagnetic wave of described feed radiation was dispersed and the second surpasses material panel, the described material panel that the second surpasses is made of the identical sheet of material that the first surpasses of a plurality of refraction index profile, and the described sheet of material that the first surpasses comprises that the first base material and cycle are arranged in the 3rd artificial pore structure in described the first base material; The described refraction index profile rule that the first surpasses sheet of material satisfies: the described rounded distribution of refractive index that the first surpasses on the sheet of material, the center of circle is positioned at the described sheet of material central point that the first surpasses, the refractive index of circle centre position is minimum and along with the increase of radius, the refractive index of respective radius also increase and same radius place refractive index identical.

The present invention adopts super material principle to make antenna, so that antenna has broken away from the restriction of conventional convex lens shape, concavees lens shape and parabolic shape, adopt antenna of the present invention, its shape can be that tabular or arbitrary shape and thickness are thinner, volume is less, it is more convenient to process and make, and has beneficial effect with low cost, that gain effect is good.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the perspective view of super material elementary cell;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of offset-feed type microwave antenna of the present invention;

Fig. 3 the first surpasses material panel border refraction index profile schematic diagram on it when being quadrangle in the offset-feed type microwave antenna of the present invention;

Fig. 4 the first surpasses material panel border refraction index profile schematic diagram on it when circular in the offset-feed type microwave antenna of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is for consisting of the perspective view that the second surpasses sheet of material that the second surpasses material panel.

Embodiment

Light, as electromagnetic a kind of, it is when passing glass, because the wavelength of light is much larger than the size of atom, therefore we can use the univers parameter of glass, and the details parameter of the atom of for example refractive index, rather than composition glass is described glass to the response of light.Accordingly, when research material was to other electromagnetic responses, any yardstick also can be with the univers parameter of material to electromagnetic response much smaller than the structure of electromagnetic wavelength in the material, and for example DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε and magnetic permeability μ describe.The structure by every of designing material is so that thereby the dielectric constant of material each point and magnetic permeability are all identical or different so that the dielectric constant of material monolithic and magnetic permeability are certain rule arranges, the magnetic permeability that rule is arranged and dielectric constant can be so that material have response on the macroscopic view to electromagnetic wave, such as converging electromagnetic wave, divergent electromagnetic ripple etc.Such have magnetic permeability that rule arranges and dielectric constant material we be referred to as super material.

As shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the elementary cell of the super material of formation.The artificial pore structure 1 that the elementary cell of super material comprises base material 2 and forms in base material 2.In base material 2, form artificial pore structure 1 so that different and different along with artificial pore structure volume of base material 2 every dielectric constant and magnetic permeabilitys, thereby each super material elementary cell has different electromagnetic responses to the incident wave of same frequency.A plurality of super material elementary cells are arranged according to certain rules can be so that super material has the response of macroscopic view to electromagnetic wave.Because super material monolithic needs have macroscopical electromagnetic response so each super material elementary cell need form continuous response to the response of incident electromagnetic wave to incident electromagnetic wave, this requires each super material elementary cell to be of a size of 1/10th to 1/5th of incident electromagnetic wave, is preferably 1/10th of incident electromagnetic wave.During this section is described, the material monolithic that will surpass that we are artificial is divided into a plurality of super material elementary cells, but should know that this kind division methods only for convenience of description, should not regard super material as by a plurality of super material elementary cells splicings or assemble, super material is that the artificial pore structure cycle is arranged in the base material and can consists of in the practical application, and technique is simple and with low cost.Cycle arranges and namely refers to can produce continuous electromagnetic response to incident electromagnetic wave on above-mentioned our artificial each super material elementary cell of dividing.

As shown in Figure 2, Fig. 2 is the structural representation of offset-feed type microwave antenna of the present invention.Among Fig. 2, offset-feed type microwave antenna comprises feed 20, the first surpasses material panel 10 and be attached at the Reflector Panel 40 that the first surpasses material panel 10 backs, and Reflector Panel 40 is the Reflector Panel of metal material in the present embodiment.Feed 20 and the line that the first surpasses material panel 10 lower boundary mid points are perpendicular to the first surpassing material panel 10.Feed 20 and the line that the first surpasses material panel 10 outer surface central points are not equal to 180 ° angle θ horizontal by one, and feed 20 and the vertical range that the first surpasses material panel 10 are L.In the present embodiment, feed 20 and the line and the formed angle of horizontal plane that the first surpass material panel 10 outer surface central points are 45 °, feed 20 is positioned on the border that the first surpasses material panel 10 with the vertical intersection point that the first surpasses material panel 10, and the whole height that the first surpass material panel 10 this moment is 2L.Below all take feed 20 and the first surpass the line of material panel 10 outer surface central points and the formed angle of horizontal plane describes as 45 °.

The first surpass material panel 10 and comprise core layer, this core layer is made of the super sheet of material of the identical core of a plurality of refraction index profile.Consist of the elementary cell of the super sheet of material of core as shown in Figure 1, the super sheet of material of core comprises that the super sheet of material base material of core and cycle be arranged in a plurality of the first pore-creating structure in the super sheet of material base material of core, and each artificial pore structure and the super sheet of material base material of its part core that occupies have consisted of the elementary cell of the super sheet of material of core.Whole core layer has thickness d ₂

Because the first surpass material panel 10 needs so that the electromagnetic wave of incident can parallel outgoing after occuring to be reflected panel 40 reflections and again the first to be surpassed material panel 10 refractions after the refraction, therefore the refraction index profile that the first surpasses material panel 10 need satisfy rule: take one not with the fixed point of the super sheet of material center superposition of core as the center of circle, the refractive index at same radius place is identical on the super sheet of material of core, and along with the increase of radius, refractive index reduces gradually.Preferably, in the present embodiment, this center of circle is positioned on the border that the first surpasses material panel, and the line of the center of circle and feed is perpendicular to the first surpassing material panel.When the boundary shape that the first surpasses material panel was quadrangle, center of circle O namely was positioned on this quadrangle mid point on one side, as shown in Figure 3; When the boundary shape that the first surpasses material panel was circle, center of circle O namely was positioned on the circumference of this circle, as shown in Figure 4.We find out among Fig. 3, Fig. 4, when the center of circle is positioned at when the first surpassing on the material panel border, the zone at place, the center of circle is the refractive index maximum region that the first surpasses on the material panel, and the line that the first surpasses the elementary cell central point that refractive index is identical on the material panel the first is surpassed the material panel border and block the camber line of formation for these a plurality of concentric circless.Further, the expression formula that the first surpasses refractive index n respective radius r on the material panel is:

$n\left(r\right)=n_{\max }+\frac{L-\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L"\; filenames="HDA0000078459620000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="r"\; filenames="HDA0000078459620000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}}^2}}{2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="d"\; filenames="HDA0000078459620000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}_2}$

Wherein, n _MaxBe the largest refractive index value that core layer has, L is the vertical range that feed to the first surpasses material panel, d ₂Be the first to surpass material panel core layer thickness.

Simultaneously, for so that the gain of outgoing electromagnetic wave is maximum, need so that outgoing electromagnetic wave phase place is consistent, therefore preferably, the core layer thickness d ₂, the largest refractive index n that has to the vertical range L that the first surpasses material panel, core layer of core layer height 2L, feed 20 _Max, the minimum refractive index n that has of core layer _MinNeed satisfy following relational expression:

$\sqrt{{\left(2L\right)}^2+L^2}-L=(n_{\max }-n_{\min })*\left({2d}_2\right)$

Preferably, to lose at the reflected energy that the first surpasses material panel 10 surface generations in order reducing from the electromagnetic wave of feed 20 emissions, can the first to surpass the super sheet of material of core layer arranged outside the first gradual change super sheet of material to the N gradual change of material panel 10.The elementary cell of the super sheet of material of each gradual change as shown in Figure 1, the super sheet of material of each gradual change also comprises the super sheet of material base material of gradual change and a plurality of second artificial pore structure that the cycle arranges on the super sheet of material base material of gradual change, and each second artificial pore structure and the super sheet of material base material of its occupied part gradual change have namely consisted of the elementary cell of the super sheet of material of core.Refraction index profile on the super sheet of material of each gradual change satisfies rule: take a fixed point as the center of circle, the refractive index at same radius place is identical, increase along with radius, refractive index is reduced to minimum value gradually from the maximum of the super sheet of material of each gradual change, and the line of described fixed point and described feed is positioned on the super sheet of material of the described gradual change border perpendicular to the super sheet of material of gradual change and described fixed point; The super sheet of material of each gradual change has identical refractive index minimum value with the super sheet of material of core.In the present embodiment, the minimum refractive index that the super sheet of material of each gradual change has equates with the minimum refractive index that the super sheet of material of core has, namely is n _MinThe largest refractive index that the super sheet of material of super sheet of material to the N of the first gradual change gradual change has is respectively n ₁, n ₂N _n, and satisfy n ₁＜n ₂＜...＜n _n＜n _MaxThe super sheet of material of all gradual changes has thickness d altogether ₁, and all super sheet of material height equate with the super sheet of material height of core, are 2L.

After being provided with the super sheet of material of gradual change, the refraction index profile formula of the super sheet of material of core is changed to:

$n\left(r\right)=n_{\max }+\frac{L-\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L"\; filenames="HDA0000078459620000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}^2+r^2}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="d"\; filenames="HDA0000078459620000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}_1+2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="d"\; filenames="HDA0000078459620000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}_2}$

Correspondingly, for so that the gain of outgoing electromagnetic wave is maximum, need so that outgoing electromagnetic wave phase place is consistent, therefore preferably, the core layer thickness d ₂, the super sheet of material d of gradual change ₁, core layer height 2L, feed 20 and the second surpass the vertical range L of material panel 10, the largest refractive index n that core layer has _Max, the minimum refractive index n that has of core layer _MinNeed satisfy following relational expression:

$\sqrt{{\left(2L\right)}^2+L^2}-L=(n_{\max }-n_{\min })*({2\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="d"\; filenames="HDA0000078459620000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}_2+d_1)$

The accurate refraction index profile of the super sheet of material of each gradual change can be various ways, and for example the super sheet of material refractive index of each gradual change is linear distribution, and its expression formula is:

n _i(r)＝n _min+(n(r)-n _min)＊(i/N)

Wherein, N is total number of plies of the super sheet of material of gradual change, and i is the corresponding sequence number of the super sheet of material of super sheet of material to the N of the first gradual change gradual change, namely i value 1,2,3 ... N.

Simultaneously, the super sheet of material of each gradual change also can adopt the power value to distribute, and the super sheet of material expression formula of each gradual change is when adopting the power value to distribute:

n _i(r)＝n _min+(n(r)/n _min) ^(i/N)

Wherein, N is total number of plies of the super sheet of material of gradual change, and i is the corresponding sequence number of the super sheet of material of super sheet of material to the N of the first gradual change gradual change, namely i value 1,2,3 ... N.

The present invention also provides a kind of material panel 30 that the second surpasses, and the second surpasses acting as of material panel 30 electromagnetic wave of feed emission is dispersed, to improve the closely radiation scope of feed.The emission port of feed can be close in the position that the second surpasses material panel 30 also can be separated by a distance with feed.In the present embodiment, the second surpass material panel 30 and be close on the emission port of feed 20.

The second surpassing material panel 30 is made of the identical sheet of material 300 that the first surpasses of multi-disc refraction index profile, as shown in Figure 5, Fig. 5 is the perspective view that the first surpasses sheet of material 300, the first surpasses sheet of material 300 and comprises that the first base material 301 and cycle are arranged in a plurality of the 3rd artificial pore structure 302 in the first base material.

Consist of the first surpass sheet of material 300 elementary cell still as shown in Figure 1, but the first surpass the function that sheet of material 300 need have the divergent electromagnetic ripple, according to the electromagnetism principle, electromagnetic wave is to the large direction deviation of refractive index.Therefore, the variations in refractive index rule that the first surpasses on the sheet of material 300 is: the first surpass the rounded distribution of sheet of material 300 refractive indexes, the center of circle is positioned at and the first surpasses the sheet of material central point, the refractive index of circle centre position is minimum and along with the increase of radius, the refractive index of respective radius also increase and same radius place refractive index identical.What have such refraction index profile the first surpasses sheet of material 300 so that the electromagnetic wave that radiation source 20 radiates is dispersed, to improve the closely radiation scope of radiation source, so that the size that offset-feed type microwave antenna integral body can be less.

More specifically, among the present invention, the refraction index profile rule that the first surpasses on the sheet of material 300 can be linear change, i.e. n _(R)=n ₀+ KR, K are constant, and R is the super material elementary cell central point that adheres to of the 3rd artificial pore structure of circular distribution and the line distance of the first base material central point, n ₀It is the refractive index value that the first base material central point has.In addition, the refraction index profile rule that the first surpasses on the sheet of material 300 also can be square law variation, i.e. n _(R)=n ₀+ KR ²Or be that a cube rate variation is n _(R)=n ₀+ KR ³Or be dark function, i.e. n _(R)=n ₀* K ^RDeng.Constant K and n ₀All can determine by simple Computer Simulation according to actual needs.

The above has discussed the overall refractive index distribution relation that the first surpasses material panel and the second surpass material panel in detail, and by super material principle as can be known, the volume of the artificial pore structure in the base material directly determines the refractive index value of super material each point.Simultaneously, according to experiment as can be known, when being filled with refractive index less than the medium of base material in the artificial pore structure, the volume of artificial pore structure is larger, and the refractive index of the super material elementary cell of its correspondence is less.Among the present invention, consisting of the 3rd artificial pore structure on the sheet of material rule of arranging that the first surpasses the first surpass material panel is: be filled with refractive index less than the medium of the first base material refractive index in the described the 3rd artificial pore structure, described a plurality of the 3rd artificial pore structure rounded distribution on described the first base material that the first surpasses sheet of material, the 3rd artificial pore structure volume of circle centre position is maximum, along with the increase of radius, the 3rd artificial pore structure volume of respective radius reduce and the 3rd artificial pore structure volume at same radius place identical.The rule of arranging of the second artificial pore structure on the super sheet of material of gradual change is: be filled with refractive index in the described second artificial pore structure less than the medium of the super sheet of material base material of gradual change refractive index, take a fixed point that does not overlap with the super sheet of material central point of gradual change as the center of circle, second of the same radius place the artificial pore structure volume is identical on the super sheet of material of core, and along with the increase of radius, the second artificial pore structure size increases.The first pore-creating structure on the super sheet of material of the core rule of arranging is: be filled with refractive index less than the medium of the super sheet of material base material of core refractive index in the described the first pore-creating structure, take a fixed point that does not overlap with the super sheet of material central point of gradual change as the center of circle, the first pore-creating physical dimension at same radius place is identical on the super sheet of material of core, and along with the increase of radius, the first pore-creating physical dimension reduces.The refractive index of filling in above-mentioned the first pore-creating structure, the second artificial pore structure and the 3rd artificial pore structure is air less than the medium of each base material refractive index.

Can imagine ground, when the refractive index of filled media in the first pore-creating structure, the second artificial pore structure or the 3rd artificial pore structure during greater than the base material refractive index, the volume of each one pore-creating and opposite the getting final product of the above-mentioned rule of arranging.

Satisfy and above-mentionedly the first surpass material panel and the second surpass the shape of the artificial pore structure that the material panel refraction index profile requires and unrestricted, as long as the volume of its occupied super material elementary cell satisfies the above-mentioned rule of arranging.Simultaneously, also can be formed with the identical artificial pore structure of a plurality of volumes in each super material elementary cell, need this moment so that on each super material elementary cell all artificial pore volume sums satisfy the above-mentioned rule of arranging.

The above is described embodiments of the invention by reference to the accompanying drawings; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment only is schematic; rather than restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; not breaking away from the scope situation that aim of the present invention and claim protect, also can make a lot of forms, these all belong within the protection of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. offset-feed type microwave antenna is characterized in that: comprise feed, the first surpass material panel and be attached at the Reflector Panel that the first surpasses the material panel back; The described material panel that the first surpasses comprises core layer, described core layer is made of the super sheet of material of the identical core of a plurality of refraction index profile, the super sheet of material of described core comprises that the super sheet of material base material of core and cycle be arranged in a plurality of the first pore-creating structure in the super sheet of material base material of described core, and each the first pore-creating structure and the super sheet of material base material of its accompanying part core have consisted of the elementary cell of the super sheet of material of core; Refraction index profile on the super sheet of material of described core satisfies rule: take one not with the fixed point of the super sheet of material center superposition of core as the center of circle, the refractive index at same radius place is identical on the super sheet of material of core, and along with the increase of radius, refractive index reduces gradually.

2. offset-feed type microwave antenna as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described feed and the line of the described central point that the first surpasses material panel and the angle θ that horizontal plane forms are 45 °.

3. offset-feed type microwave antenna as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the line of described feed and described fixed point the first surpasses material panel perpendicular to described, and described fixed point is positioned at described the first surpassing on the material panel border.

4. offset-feed type microwave antenna as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the described material panel border that the first surpasses is quadrangle, described fixed point is positioned at quadrangle mid point on one side.

5. offset-feed type microwave antenna as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: the described material panel border that the first surpasses is for circular, and described fixed point is positioned on the circular periphery.

6. such as claim 3 or 4 or 5 described offset-feed type microwave antennas, it is characterized in that: the refraction index profile on the super sheet of material of described core satisfies formula:

$n\left(r\right)=n_{\max }+\frac{L-\sqrt{L^2+r^2}}{2d_2}$

Wherein, r is radius value corresponding to the super sheet of material elementary cell of the identical core of the refractive index formed circular arc of central point line, and L is that described feed is to the described vertical range that the first surpasses material panel, n _MaxBe the largest refractive index value that the super sheet of material of described core has, d ₂Thickness for described core layer.

7. such as claim 3 or 4 or 5 described offset-feed type microwave antennas, it is characterized in that: the described material panel that the first surpasses also comprises the super sheet of material of super sheet of material to the N of the first gradual change gradual change that is arranged at the described core layer outside, and the super sheet of material of described N gradual change is close to the super sheet of material of described core; The super sheet of material of each gradual change comprises that the super sheet of material base material of gradual change and cycle be arranged in a plurality of second artificial pore structure in the super sheet of material base material of described gradual change, and each second artificial pore structure and the super sheet of material base material of its accompanying part gradual change have consisted of the elementary cell of the super sheet of material of described gradual change; Refraction index profile on the super sheet of material of gradual change satisfies rule: take a fixed point as the center of circle, the refractive index at same radius place is identical, increase along with radius, refractive index is reduced to minimum value gradually from the maximum of the super sheet of material of each gradual change, and the line of described fixed point and described feed is positioned on the super sheet of material of the described gradual change border perpendicular to the super sheet of material of gradual change and described fixed point; The super sheet of material of each gradual change has identical refractive index minimum value with the super sheet of material of core.

8. offset-feed type microwave antenna as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: the refraction index profile on the super sheet of material of described core satisfies formula:

$n\left(r\right)=n_{\max }+\frac{L-\sqrt{L^2+r^2}}{d_1+2d_2}$

Wherein, r is radius value corresponding to the super sheet of material elementary cell of the identical core of the refractive index formed circular arc of central point line, and L is that described feed is to the described vertical range that the first surpasses material panel, n _MaxBe the largest refractive index value that the super sheet of material of described core has, d ₂Be the thickness of described core layer, d ₁The thickness that has for the super sheet of material of all gradual changes.

9. offset-feed type microwave antenna as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: the refraction index profile of the super sheet of material of described the first gradual change super sheet of material to the N gradual change satisfies rule:

n _i(r)＝n _min+(n(r)-n _min)＊(i/N)

Wherein, N is total number of plies of the super sheet of material of gradual change, and i is the corresponding sequence number of the super sheet of material of super sheet of material to the N of the first gradual change gradual change, n _MinThe identical minimum refractive index value that has for the super sheet of material of all gradual changes.

10. offset-feed type microwave antenna as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: the refraction index profile of the super sheet of material of described the first gradual change super sheet of material to the N gradual change satisfies rule:

n _i(r)＝n _min(n(r)/n _min) ^(i/N)

Wherein, N is total number of plies of the super sheet of material of gradual change, and i is the corresponding sequence number of the super sheet of material of super sheet of material to the N of the first gradual change gradual change, n _MinThe identical minimum refractive index value that has for the super sheet of material of all gradual changes.

11. offset-feed type microwave antenna as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described offset-feed type microwave antenna also comprises for what the electromagnetic wave of described feed radiation was dispersed and the second surpasses material panel, the described material panel that the second surpasses is made of the identical sheet of material that the first surpasses of a plurality of refraction index profile, and the described sheet of material that the first surpasses comprises that the first base material and cycle are arranged in the 3rd artificial pore structure in described the first base material; The described refraction index profile rule that the first surpasses sheet of material satisfies: the described rounded distribution of refractive index that the first surpasses on the sheet of material, the center of circle is positioned at the described sheet of material central point that the first surpasses, the refractive index of circle centre position is minimum and along with the increase of radius, the refractive index of respective radius also increase and same radius place refractive index identical.

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