CN102899431A - Method for quantitatively recovering abnormal furnace condition of blast furnace - Google Patents
Method for quantitatively recovering abnormal furnace condition of blast furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN102899431A CN102899431A CN2012104055269A CN201210405526A CN102899431A CN 102899431 A CN102899431 A CN 102899431A CN 2012104055269 A CN2012104055269 A CN 2012104055269A CN 201210405526 A CN201210405526 A CN 201210405526A CN 102899431 A CN102899431 A CN 102899431A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quantitatively recovering an abnormal furnace condition of a blast furnace, which belongs to the technical field of blast furnace ironmaking. The method comprises four stages in a furnace condition recovering process: a direct recovering stage, an air quantity recovering stage, a mine batch recovering stage and an intensified smelting stage. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that by virtue of the matching of mine batch, coke load, loading institution and the like, abnormal furnace conditions such as the abnormal upper part and the abnormal lower part of the furnace condition can be brought into a relatively-unified processing track, the idea of the recovering process of the furnace condition can be sorted out, and the repetition of the recovering process of the furnace condition caused by the optional operation and irregular operation of the recovering process of the furnace condition can be avoided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of blast furnace ironmaking, relate in particular to the not normal quantification restoration methods of a kind of conditions of blast furnace.
Background technology
Crude fuel physicals and the chemical ingredients of Shoudu Iron and Steel Co blast furnace often fluctuate; Blast-furnace equipment is aging, often occurs without the plan damping down.Blast furnace changes gas flow distribution ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS in the stove that causes for raw material and fuel quality, the interior adjusting of stove is untimely, inaccurate, not in place, and the degradating trend that can not in time contain the working of a furnace repeatedly causes serious conditions of blast furnace not normal, and economic and technical norms are suffered heavy losses.The Shoudu Iron and Steel Co blast furnace has progressively formed the quantification recovery technology of furnace condition disorder, makes furnace condition recovery process specification, quantification.But conditions of blast furnace not normal of a great variety, situation is different, hanging, pipeline trip, collapse performance and the recovery of the furnace condition disorders such as material, hearth accumulation, stove be cold is not quite similar continuously, so not normal quantification recovery technology of conditions of blast furnace, utilize behind the furnace condition disorder the intervening measure of the working of a furnace, realize furnace condition anterograde and air quantity recovery; The working of a furnace is utilized the timely adjustment of charging system after possessing the operational standard of " direct motion, stable, full blast, furnace temperature ", realizes that ore deposit in the stove is criticized, the recovery of coke load and carry out strengthening smelting, thereby reaches the one-tenth work recovery of the working of a furnace.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the not normal quantification restoration methods of a kind of conditions of blast furnace, the recovery stage that the standard conditions of blast furnace is not normal and parameters control criterion, for recovery process safe, efficiently provide safeguard.
The present invention includes furnace condition recovery process four-stage: direct motion recovery stage, air quantity recover the stage, recovery stage and strengthening smelting stage are criticized in the ore deposit.
(1) direct motion recovers the stage
1. air quantity reduces to the level that can reach furnace condition anterograde, but is not less than 35% ~ 40% of full blast amount.
2. according to the reason of furnace condition disorder, if hanging, pipeline trip, the continuous material etc. that collapses, coke load retreats to complete burnt load 2.8 ~ 3.0; If hearth accumulation, coke load retreat to complete burnt load 2.4 ~ 2.6; If stove is cold, coke load can further retreat to complete burnt load 1.8 ~ 2.2 with the burnt form that circulates.
3. the ore deposit is criticized to criticize by the ore deposit that is proportional to air quantity and is alleviated 10% ~ 20% control again, but be not less than that normal ore deposit criticizes 50% ~ 55%.
If 4. furnace condition disorder be hearth accumulation or furnace condition disorder greater than 10 days, add manganese ore, the manganese ore consumption press molten iron [Mn] % and is controlled 0.8% ~ 1.0%.Slag in the blast-furnace burden is checked basicity compared with normal production low 0.03 ~ 0.05.
(2) air quantity recovers the stage
1. add wind tap a blast furnace see slag after, add wind amplitude 80 ~ 120m at every turn
3/ min, added the wind interval 30 ~ 40 minutes.
2. the charging system adjustment is established coal gas and is dredged principle, and the coal gas form is from furnace throat cross temperature temperature, and the marginal point temperature is at 250 ℃ ~ 350 ℃, and the central point temperature is at 550 ℃ ~ 650 ℃, and subcenter point temperature is at 350 ℃ ~ 450 ℃.
3. material speed is at 5 ~ 7 batches, the with the wind flat rising of water gaging, and the ore deposit is criticized thereupon and is increased the weight of, and the ore deposit is criticized large I and is criticized by the ore deposit that is proportional to air quantity and alleviate 10% ~ 20% control again.Carry out full coke for smelting in the stove, coke load 2.6 ~ 3.2.
4. Control for Kiln Temperature is 0.8% ~ 1.2%, and slag iron physical thermal maintains 1480 ℃ ~ 1500 ℃, and slag is checked basicity 1.00 ~ 1.10.Air quantity returns to 90% ~ 95% of full blast amount, stops to add manganese ore in the stove.
(3) the recovery stage is criticized in the ore deposit
1. expect 6.5 ~ 7.5 batches/hour of speed control systems, realize the control to reinforced gap coal gas development degree.
2. the amplitude that increases the weight of that criticize in the ore deposit criticizes at 1t/ ~ and 3t/ criticizes, the amplitude that increases the weight of of coke load is 0.2 ~ 0.4, stablized 16 ~ 24 hours after criticizing and increasing the weight of with coke load in the ore deposit, observe the variation of gas flow distribution in the stove, and adjust targetedly charging system, keep the stable of gas flow distribution, take into account suitable raising gas utilization rate.Wind-warm syndrome is increased to 1150 ℃ ~ 1250 ℃ in the stove, and the coal ratio is increased to 100Kg/t ~ 120Kg/t.Molten iron [Si] content is controlled at 0.5% ~ 0.8%, and slag iron physical thermal is controlled at 1500 ℃ ~ 1520 ℃.
(4) the strengthening smelting stage
The ore deposit is criticized and is returned to normal level, coke load reaches 5.0, furnace condition anterograde, the motion of material chi is good, and slag iron physical thermal is abundant, permeability index is stable, after the working of a furnace is kept 16 ~ 24 hours, increase the weight of coke load to normal production level, use full blast temperature, full top press operation in the stove, molten iron [Si] content is controlled at 0.3% ~ 0.5%, and slag iron physical thermal is controlled at 1500 ℃ ~ 1520 ℃.
The quantification restoration methods theoretical analysis that conditions of blast furnace is not normal
Furnace condition anterograde, Gas Flow and furnace charge are realized stable countercurrent movement in the stove, it is the normal basis that smelts of blast furnace, must recover as early as possible furnace condition anterograde behind the furnace condition disorder, especially at hanging, pipeline trip, collapse under the not normal working of a furnace such as material continuously, ACTIVE CONTROL air quantity, good, the furnace condition anterograde of material chi motion to the stove, avoid the further deterioration of the working of a furnace, for furnace condition recovery lays the foundation.
Furnace condition recovery is that blast furnace reaches the actual wind speed scope of normal production, is conducive to realize that cupola well activity, temperature radially is even, alleviates slag iron infiltration difficulty to the impact of the working of a furnace at operation indexs such as the air quantity of the basis of furnace condition anterograde recovery blast furnace regulation, furnace temperature.Furnace condition recovery process actual wind speed reaches specialized range could continue the mouth that blows in, and recovery process is avoided long-term slow wind operation.Recover must be take the direct motion of the furnace temperature of abundance, the working of a furnace as prerequisite for air quantity in the stove, and that ignores actual working of a furnace performance adds the degree that wind easily aggravates furnace condition disorder by force.Furnace temperature not only refers to molten iron [Si] content, the more important thing is slag iron physical thermal, and sufficient furnace temperature also is the important measures that other unexpected serious accident occurs in the prevention furnace condition recovery process.
The charging system of furnace charge " pinch heap formula " makes that to be distributed in furnace throat furnace charge heap point radially higher, furnace charge is difficult to only be distributed in the middle endless belt of furnace throat by anticipation, enter furnace throat centerand edge endless belt but roll, and because the uncertainty of furnace charge rolling amount, the ore coke ratio of furnace throat centerand edge is difficult to accurately control, be subjected to the cloth segregation, the impact of the factors such as gas stream in the stove development degree is larger, often cause the situation that the gas flow distribution aspect loses effect even develops in the opposite direction in the stove after the charging system adjustment, " pinch heap formula " charging system is compared with " flush system " charging system thus, and ore " pinch heap " makes charging system to the accuracy of gas flow distribution control in the stove, the validity aspect is relatively poor.The means that realize " flush system " charging system in the stove are polycyclic distributings, polycyclic distributing can utilize the change of chute angle, furnace charge directly is distributed on furnace throat any position radially the purpose that any monocycle cloth will reach, polycyclic distributing can both reach, and effect is better than monocycle cloth.Whether the difference of polycyclic distributing and monocycle cloth is can be directly with burden distribution at furnace throat radially, the monocycle cloth mainly relies on the moving furnace charge of realizing of the slide of furnace charge in furnace throat secondary distribution radially, but the poor controllability of secondary distribution, be unfavorable for effective adjustment of gas flow distribution in the stove, during furnace condition recovery, it is favourable using the relative monocycle cloth of polycyclic distributing.The furnace condition recovery process, avoid charging system " falls back on the end ", the charging system of blast furnace " falls back on the end " is often relatively poor to accuracy, the validity aspect of gas flow distribution control in the stove, cause to be difficult in the furnace condition recovery process by existing furnace condition recovery thinking gas flow distribution in the stove effectively be adjusted, prolong the time of furnace condition recovery.
" pinch heap formula " cloth of charging system often causes the unstable of the interior gas flow distribution of stove, in the stove of reinforced gap, easily produce air-flow, thereby make permeability index fluctuation, material chi motion variation, in order to weaken the development degree of reinforced gap gas stream in the stove, adopting comparatively faster material speed is a kind of regulating measure, especially is embodied in tendency that charging system adjusts when not obvious.The furnace condition recovery process is not deliberately pursued the size that criticize in the ore deposit, and in the situation that the furnace charge system does not satisfy the requirements, keeping suitable little ore deposit, to criticize, keep suitable fast material speed be suitable.Furnace condition recovery process, coke load are the variablees that adapts to the furnace condition disorder degree, realizes furnace condition anterograde and air quantity recovery, and the furnace condition recovery process rushes to increase the weight of coke load, rushes to enter the strengthening smelting stage, avoids the furnace condition recovery process repeatedly.
The phenomenons such as furnace temperature height, slow wind is many, slag crust comes off often appear in the furnace condition recovery process, easily cause poor, the glutinous ditch of slag flowing molten iron kinetic force, the stokehold operational difficulties of tapping a blast furnace, suitably reduce basicity of slag in the stove, deliberately do not improve basicity of slag, pursue the molten iron ratio of first-grade products, improve slag flowing molten iron kinetic force, be beneficial to furnace condition recovery.
Furnace condition recovery process wind-warm syndrome is to guarantee the important regulating measure of furnace condition anterograde, for guaranteeing furnace condition anterograde, reduces wind-warm syndrome under the blast furnace tender feeling condition; Wind-warm syndrome is preferentially adjusted in the permeability index fluctuation; Use high wind-warm syndrome in the low furnace temperature situation; After adjusting the working of a furnace, pay the utmost attention to the raising wind-warm syndrome.The furnace condition disorder that disorder causes for upper blast furnace coal gas, it is favourable using relatively high top to press, and is conducive to stablize the gas flow distribution in the stove; Not normal for working of a furnace bottom, need to use relatively low top to press, to keep relatively high actual wind speed, the heat before the air port can radially be transmitted along cupola well as far as possible to the cupola well center, cupola well radially activity, temperature is as far as possible even, otherwise sticky slag iron is difficult to downward infiltration in the cupola well centre.
The practical manifestation of conditions of blast furnace is the prerequisite of furnace condition recovery, analyze its inherent mechanism, seek its generation reason for the actual working of a furnace, take targetedly, practicable adjustment measure, treat the blast furnace of recovery process and can't impose on blast furnace to former operating experience, and should experience be merged in the control measures for conditions of blast furnace reality, unilateral replaces analyzing with experience, can only worsen the working of a furnace, prolongs the time of furnace condition recovery.The furnace condition recovery process can be used for reference the problem of the interior gas flow distribution existence of variation qualitative analysis stove of gas utilization rate, if gas utilization rate is high in the stove, permeability index is tight, shows that then the pressure reduction of stove internal upper part is relatively high; If gas utilization rate is low in the stove, permeability index is tight, show that then the pressure reduction at the following position of cohesive zone in the stove is relatively high; If the with it correspondence fluctuation of gas utilization rate fluctuation, permeability index shows that then stove internal upper part gas flow distribution is unstable in the stove; If gas utilization rate is basicly stable in the stove, the permeability index fluctuation, show that then the following position of cohesive zone gas flow distribution is unstable in the stove.The furnace condition recovery process passes through to adjust the distribution of coal gas in the stove with stable, realize the purpose that air quantity recovers, reasonably gas flow distribution mainly is the gas allocation of centerand edge in the stove, stable gas flow distribution comprises that gas flow distribution in the stove is stablizing aspect two of space and times, furnace condition recovery is exactly the distribution of coal gas in the guiding stove, realize that furnace condition anterograde and air quantity recover, realize that the interior ore deposit of stove is criticized, the recovery of coke load and carry out strengthening smelting.Furnace condition recovery is to realize the full blast operation in the furnace condition anterograde situation, takes the optimized Measures such as high wind-warm syndrome, coal powder injection again, takes too early optimized Measures easily to prolong the time of furnace condition recovery.It is the core of furnace condition recovery that air quantity recovers, process according to furnace condition recovery, conditions of blast furnace recovery process is divided into four-stage: direct motion recovery stage, air quantity recover the stage, recovery stage and strengthening smelting stage are criticized in the ore deposit, the recovery process of this four-stage after as furnace condition disorder, all linked with one another, indispensable, the recovery that realizes air quantity that follows the prescribed order is the central task of furnace condition recovery.
(1) direct motion recovers the stage
No matter be hanging, pipeline trip, the continuous top furnace condition disorder phenomenons such as material of collapsing, or the bottom furnace condition disorder phenomenons such as hearth accumulation, stove are cold, blast furnace generally is faced with the furnace condition anterograde variation, air quantity can't reach the predicament of specialized range, so recovers the basis that furnace condition anterograde becomes furnace condition recovery.Around the task of recovering furnace condition anterograde, need in time to stop the intensification of smelting process in BF measure in the stove, air quantity is controlled to the level that can reach the furnace condition anterograde purpose, realize the stable countercurrent movement between stove internal upper part furnace charge and the coal gas, guarantee certain cupola well temperature, for follow-up furnace condition recovery lays the foundation.Simultaneously, direct motion recover the stage to the ore deposit criticize, coke load, charging system, prepurging material etc. adjust, the preparation of abundance is done in air quantity recoverys, temperature control etc. that recover the stage for air quantity.
Air quantity need to resolutely reduce to the level that can reach furnace condition anterograde, and it is not resolute to must guard against checking, and Gas Flow is incessantly stable, the degradating trend of the aggravation working of a furnace.But consider the tap a blast furnace requirement of work of the difficulty of follow-up furnace condition recovery and stokehold, air quantity is not less than 35% ~ 40% of full blast amount.The standard that air quantity control puts in place is that furnace condition anterograde is restored, and the motion of material chi is good, and permeability index is at zone of reasonableness, and has good stability.
Need to criticize the ore deposit when the control air quantity in the stove, coke load and charging system adjust, be beneficial to the air quantity that air quantity recovers in the stage stove and recover.According to the reason of furnace condition disorder, if hanging, pipeline trip, the continuous material etc. that collapses, coke load retreats to complete burnt load 2.8 ~ 3.0; If hearth accumulation, coke load retreat to complete burnt load 2.4 ~ 2.6; If stove is cold, coke load can further retreat to complete burnt load 1.8 ~ 2.2 with the burnt form that circulates, and afterwards according to the furnace temperature level, progressively dwindles circulation coke (per) charge amount, improves coke load to 2.8 ~ 3.0.
The control air quantity is to furnace condition anterograde, the with the wind flat reduction of water gaging, and material speed slows down in the stove, and the bad stability of reinforced gap coal gas is easily aggravated the unstable of the working of a furnace, and therefore the water gaging deflation is little with the wind, alleviates the ore deposit in the stove thereupon and criticizes.But the size that criticize in the ore deposit relates to the problems such as charging system, therefore should criticize the amplitude that alleviates according to the definite ore deposit of actual working of a furnace performance, if charging system aspect cloth width is larger, criticize in the ore deposit can be slightly large; If the cloth width is less, criticize in the ore deposit should be slightly little, and the ore deposit is criticized large I and criticized by the ore deposit that is proportional to air quantity and alleviate 10% ~ 20% control again, but considers that the ore deposit criticizes too small impact on charging system, the ore deposit criticize be not less than that normal ore deposit criticizes 50% ~ 55%.
Air quantity control to low-level after, the top is pressed and press the corresponding reduction of actual air volume, if furnace condition disorder is hanging, pipeline trip, the continuous not normal phenomenon in top such as material of collapsing, the top presses use suitable higher; Use should be on the low side if the working of a furnace not normal phenomenons in bottom such as to be hearth accumulation, stove cold, top are pressed, and the top presses usage level to depend on that blast furnace keeps the needs of regulation actual wind speed in the stove.The use of wind-warm syndrome, coal dust shows according to the actual working of a furnace, if furnace temperature is sufficient, slag iron physical thermal is abundant, reduces wind-warm syndrome to 750 ℃ ~ 900 ℃, stops coal injection; If furnace temperature is on the low side, slag iron physical thermal not enough, suitably use high wind-warm syndrome, to continue coal powder injection simultaneously, stablize coal than at normal level, avoid heavy burden to assign to cupola well, the cupola well temperature declines to a great extent, make slag iron infiltration difficulty, destroy the initial gas flow distribution of cupola well, further worsen the working of a furnace.If furnace condition disorder is that hearth accumulation or furnace condition disorder time are longer, direct motion recovers to begin to add manganese ore in the stage stove, and the manganese ore consumption is pressed molten iron [Mn] % in 0.8% ~ 1.0% control.It is low by 0.03 ~ 0.05 that slag in the blast-furnace burden is checked the production of basicity compared with normal, prevents the high silicon high alkalinity of molten iron, causes slag iron infiltration difficulty in the stove, and affect the stokehold work of tapping a blast furnace.
(2) air quantity recovers the stage
Furnace condition anterograde improves, and the motion of material chi is good, and permeability index is stabilized in zone of reasonableness, and after the working of a furnace was kept 1 ~ 2 hour, furnace condition recovery can enter air quantity and recover the stage, and it is the emphasis of furnace condition recovery process that air quantity recovers.The task that air quantity recovers the stage is on the basis of furnace condition anterograde, and progressively the balance air quantity is to specialized range, and the situation that the furnace condition disorder degree is serious needs stifled part air port to recover air quantity.Air quantity recovers the stage, and the stove domestic demand guarantees that actual wind speed reaches normal range, avoids worsening the furnace cylinder working state.With the central task that reverts to of air quantity, the aspects such as criticize in the ore deposit, coke load, charging system are that air quantity recovers to create necessary condition in the stove, and criticize in air quantity recovery stage ore deposit, the recovery of coke load should not be too urgent, prevents the furnace condition recovery process repeatedly.
Recover the actual air volume level in stage according to direct motion, determine stifled air port number, guarantee the level when actual wind speed reaches normal production, avoid long-term slow wind operation to the damaging influence of furnace cylinder working, it is effective means that furnace condition disorder is processed in the stifled air port of empirical evidence.Disclose the condition of the mouth that blows in: furnace condition anterograde, blanking is smooth and easy; Level when actual wind speed reaches normal production; The air port is active, and bright, nothing is given birth to and fallen, and slag iron physical thermal is abundant; The stokehold is working properly.Blast furnace reaches discloses the condition of blowing in mouthful, and can stablize 1 ~ 2 hour, and can disclosing in the stove blows in mouthful adds wind, generally being selected in the opportunity that adds wind taps a blast furnace see slag after, avoid possible stokehold slag iron to discharge freely not cause and be forced to checking, add wind amplitude 80 ~ 120m at every turn
3/ min, added the wind interval 30 ~ 40 minutes.
The furnace condition recovery process is established coal gas and is dredged principle, and coal gas has stable outlet, and the working of a furnace could be stablized and recover, otherwise must cause the air-flow condition in the stove, thus the permeability index fluctuation, and air quantity can't recover.Air quantity recovers opening that the charging system in stage need to guarantee stove preglabellar field and center coal gas with stable, and both must take into account, otherwise permeability index fluctuation in the stove, cause can't add wind, thermal system fluctuates, the degree of easily aggravating furnace condition disorder.The gas flow distribution of furnace condition recovery process from the furnace throat shooting, generally is " edge one ring, center one basin ", and edge coal gas is obviously seen bright, but width can not be wide, and center coal gas is obvious fire pot shape, but the gas fire dynamics is not powerful; From furnace throat cross temperature temperature, the marginal point temperature is at 250 ℃ ~ 350 ℃, and the central point temperature is at 550 ℃ ~ 650 ℃, and subcenter point temperature is at 350 ℃ ~ 450 ℃.Around the target of gas flow distribution, the charging system aspect, the coke charging is not done change as far as possible, and is if the central coke amount of coke charging is less, anxious in can suitably adding; The ore charging is suitably shunk to middle endless belt, to alleviate the ore coke ratio at stove preglabellar field and center, make the Gas Flow at stove preglabellar field and center vigorous, also need avoid the unbalance of stove preglabellar field and center coal gas development degree, must guard against the Gas adjustment measure of simple " putting the limit ", must guarantee in the time of loose edge that center coal gas opens.Practice shows, the charging system of " one falls back on the end " lacks controllability, often cause the furnace condition recovery process repeatedly, the furnace condition recovery process is usually because the charging system in air quantity recovery stage is improper, cause air quantity to recover, the situation of permeability index fluctuation delayed the furnace condition recovery process after perhaps air quantity recovered.
Air quantity recovers the stage, material speed maintains 5 ~ 7 batches, higher material speed is conducive to the undue development of stable reinforced gap Gas Flow, the ore deposit is criticized unsuitable excessive, mate rational ore deposit with air quantity and criticize the Gas Flow that also is conducive to develop simultaneously stove preglabellar field and center, the slow down gas speed at stove preglabellar field and center is kept the balanced development of stove preglabellar field and center coal gas.The with the wind flat rising of water gaging, the ore deposit is criticized thereupon and is increased the weight of, and performance determines that the ore deposit criticizes the amplitude that increases the weight of according to the actual working of a furnace, and the ore deposit is criticized large I and is criticized by the ore deposit that is proportional to air quantity and alleviate 10% ~ 20% control again.Air quantity recovers the stage, for effectively realizing the recovery of air quantity, carries out full coke for smelting in the stove, carries out full coke for smelting in the stove, and coke load 2.6 ~ 3.2 is kept the good ventilation property of stove internal upper part, for air quantity recovers to create conditions.
The with the wind flat rising of water gaging, the furnace charge residence time in stove shortens, if furnace temperature is down to below the specialized range, improves wind-warm syndrome to 1000 ~ 1100 ℃.The using priciple that direct motion recovers the stage is followed in the use that press on the top, if furnace condition disorder is hanging, pipeline trip, the continuous phenomenon such as material of collapsing, the top press use suitable higher; Use should be on the low side if the furnace condition disorder phenomenons such as to be hearth accumulation, stove cold, top are pressed, and the top presses usage level to depend on the requirement of actual wind speed in the stove.Air quantity recovers the stage, and Control for Kiln Temperature is 0.8% ~ 1.2%, and slag iron physical thermal maintains 1480 ℃ ~ 1500 ℃, and slag is checked basicity 1.00 ~ 1.10.Air quantity returns to 90% ~ 95% of full blast amount, stops to add manganese ore in the stove.
Air quantity recovers the stage, and the stokehold work of tapping a blast furnace must be dwindled the interval of tapping a blast furnace, uses large drill bit instead, emptying slag iron, under the not normal working of a furnace conditions such as especially cold at stove, hearth accumulation, only has and in time low temperature slag iron is discharged, and furnace condition recovery is just possible.But after tapping a blast furnace and be operated in furnace condition disorder in the stokehold, often can't in time clean out because of each ditch of stokehold and pitting, can not in time tap a blast furnace.In the furnace condition recovery process, the stokehold work of tapping a blast furnace must be served in the stove and be recovered, and will note preventing the sticky iron mouth that blocks of slag iron in the not normal furnace condition recoveries such as stove is cold, and the slag flowing molten iron obviously diminishes rear boiled or open with the opening machine drill with oxygen hose.The with the wind flat rising of water gaging, slag flowing molten iron kinetic force strengthen, and the tap a blast furnace difficulty of work of stokehold will progressively reduce, but the work of tapping a blast furnace also should revert to the master to adapt in the stove, can not be because of the stokehold factor affecting furnace condition recovery that taps a blast furnace.Air quantity reaches 90% ~ 95% of full blast amount, the interval of tapping a blast furnace the when interval of tapping a blast furnace transits to normal production, and the drill bit size when drill bit also can be pressed normal production along with the reduction of furnace temperature is used.
(3) the recovery stage is criticized in the ore deposit
Air quantity returns to the full blast amount, furnace condition anterograde, and the motion of material chi is good, and furnace temperature is 0.8% ~ 1.2%, and slag iron physical thermal maintains 1480 ℃ ~ 1500 ℃, and after the working of a furnace was kept 8 ~ 16 hours, furnace condition recovery can enter the ore deposit and criticize the recovery stage.The task that the recovery stage is criticized in the ore deposit is that air quantity returns to the full blast amount in stove, but the ore deposit criticizes and not yet reach in the normal situation, further increases the weight of the ore deposit and criticizes, for follow-up strengthening smelting lays the foundation.The adjustment that increases the weight of to relate to charging system that criticize in the ore deposit, untimely, not in place if charging system is adjusted, easily criticize in the ore deposit and cause when increasing the weight of in the stove gas flow distribution disorderly.If it is cold etc. that the reason of furnace condition disorder is hearth accumulation, stove, but the time proper extension in recovery stage is criticized in the ore deposit, because the not normal variations that are accompanied by dead Jiao Dui in working of a furnace bottom, and the elimination of these factors needs the regular hour, temperature and air quantity more.
Charging system need to be drawn close to normal charging system, and the ore charging is progressively spread out to centerand edge, with the effective control of realization to centerand edge coal gas in the stove, and improves gas utilization rate.The recovery stage is criticized in the ore deposit, can criticize by increasing the weight of first the ore deposit, then determine adjustment direction, the adjusting range of charging system according to the variation of coal gas, Gas adjustment is followed the dynamic adjustment thinking of " opening center, stabilised edge; stable center, treatment edge ", must guard against and blindly pursues the charging system that stylizes.The recovery stage is criticized in the ore deposit, and material speed is controlled to 6.5 ~ 7.5 batches/hour, and charging system will guarantee under this material speed, realizes the control to reinforced gap coal gas development degree, avoids the stable of airflow influence permeability index that reinforced gap produces.
The recovery stage is criticized in the ore deposit, and the ore deposit is criticized and increased the weight of to normal level, and coke load increases the weight of to 5.0, realizes coal injection in the stove, and the coal ratio is increased to 100Kg/t ~ 120Kg/t.The amplitude that increases the weight of that criticize in the ore deposit criticizes at 1t/ ~ and 3t/ criticizes, the amplitude that increases the weight of of coke load is 0.2 ~ 0.4, stablized 16 ~ 24 hours after criticizing and increasing the weight of with coke load in the ore deposit, observe the variation of gas flow distribution in the stove, and adjust targetedly charging system, keep the stable of gas flow distribution, take into account suitable raising gas utilization rate.Wind-warm syndrome is increased to 1150 ℃ ~ 1250 ℃ in the stove, suitably uses high wind-warm syndrome to be conducive to accelerate to eliminate the impact of furnace condition disorder, and the top is pressed and used full top to press.The recovery stage is criticized in the ore deposit, will realize coal powder injection in the stove, and the coal ratio is increased to 100Kg/t ~ 120Kg/t.Thermal system aspect in the stove, molten iron [Si] content is controlled at 0.5% ~ 0.8%, and slag iron physical thermal is controlled at 1500 ℃ ~ 1520 ℃, and slag is checked basicity by normal production control.The stokehold work of tapping a blast furnace can by normal working of a furnace tissue, guarantee in time to go out clean slag iron.
(4) the strengthening smelting stage
The ore deposit is criticized and is returned to normal level, and coke load reaches 5.0, furnace condition anterograde, and the motion of material chi is good, and slag iron physical thermal is abundant, and permeability index is stable, and after the working of a furnace was kept 16 ~ 24 hours, furnace condition recovery can enter the strengthening smelting stage.The task in strengthening smelting stage is to increase the weight of coke load to normal level, improves coal ejection ratio, in order to weaken the coal ejection ratio increase to the impact of furnace cylinder working state, carries out full oxygen enrichment, the smelting of full blast temperature.The strengthening smelting stage faces coal and changes than the coal gas that produces after improving, and must in time adjust charging system, stablizes gas flow distribution, could realize the success of furnace condition recovery.
The strengthening smelting stage, the adjustment of charging system belongs to fine setting, and along with increasing the weight of of coke load, coal is than further increasing, especially coal is than after surpassing 150Kg/t, be subjected to the impact of unburned coal powder, larger variation may appear in the initial coal gas of cupola well, causes the margin and center air-flow of the initial coal gas of cupola well balance phenomenon to occur, edge coal gas development, center coal gas reduction, and then cause the unstable of the interior permeability index of stove, furnace cylinder working state deteriorating.Therefore, the strengthening smelting stage will conscientiously be observed the trend that coal gas changes in the stove when increasing the weight of coke load, analyze the coal gas causes of change, adjusts in time, targetedly charging system, and gas flow distribution is stable under the realization heavy loading state.The strengthening smelting stage, improving gas utilization rate also is important process, along with increasing the weight of of coke load, realize full blast temperature operation in the stove, must rely on the raising of gas utilization rate, realize the stable of the interior thermal system of stove, with the raising of gas utilization rate, permeability index reduces in the stove, and that avoids permeability index reduces to have influence on the work of material chi.
Along with the raising of coke load, permeability index descends in the stove, should not estimate the working of a furnace and stability that should more concern permeability index with the size of permeability index in the stove, permeability index is stable, show furnace condition anterograde, as long as the motion of material chi is good, just possess the condition that heavy loading is produced in the stove.Operating aspect is emphasized leading adjustment, the stable adjustment in the stove, keeps stable air quantity, wind-warm syndrome, oxygen enrichment percentage, utilizes the adjustment of coal dust amount to realize the stable of the interior thermal system of stove.The strengthening smelting stage, use full blast temperature, full top press operation in the stove, molten iron [Si] content is controlled at 0.3% ~ 0.5%, and slag iron physical thermal is controlled at 1500 ℃ ~ 1520 ℃, and clean slag iron is guaranteed in time to go out in the stokehold.
3, beneficial effect
Furnace condition disorder is conclusive on the impact of blast furnace economic and technical norms, behind the furnace condition disorder, need in time carry out furnace condition recovery, avoids aggravating the not normal degree of the working of a furnace.The quantification recovery technology of furnace condition disorder by the ore deposit criticize, the cooperation of the aspect such as coke load and charging system, the not normal working of a furnace such as working of a furnace top is not normal, that the bottom is not normal is included relatively uniform processing track in, make the thinking of furnace condition recovery process in order, avoid the random operation of furnace condition recovery process, operation lack of standardization, cause the furnace condition recovery process repeatedly.
Embodiment
Shoudu Iron and Steel Co blast furnace 23:50 furnace throat on the 4th card January in 2010 thing, can not material loading, cause dark stockline, 01:23 blowing-out on January 5 is processed and is found that the distributor chute backplate upwarps, January 6, not yet reach at air quantity in the situation of full blast, blast furnace 10:50 is forced to carry out maintenance in 12 hours and processes the chute backplate, 19:50 stifled 10 air ports air-supply, because upwarping the coal gas ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS that causes, the chute backplate the blast furnace operating type of furnace is produced damaging influence, cause the working of a furnace to recover, conditions of blast furnace is in not normal state, is forced to carry out furnace condition recovery.
Table 1 conditions of blast furnace recovery process parameter
January 19, the blast furnace air quantity returns to the full blast level, and January 27, Blast Furnace Ore is criticized and returned to 57 tons, and the working of a furnace returns to normally substantially.
Claims (1)
1. quantification restoration methods that conditions of blast furnace is not normal; Comprise furnace condition recovery process four-stage: direct motion recovery stage, air quantity recover the stage, recovery stage and strengthening smelting stage are criticized in the ore deposit; It is characterized in that the technical parameter of processing step and control is as follows:
(1) direct motion recovers the stage
Air quantity reduces to the level that can reach furnace condition anterograde, but is not less than 35%～40% of full blast amount;
According to the reason of furnace condition disorder, when for hanging, pipeline trip, when collapsing material continuously, coke load retreats to complete burnt load 2.8～3.0; When being hearth accumulation, coke load retreats to complete burnt load 2.4～2.6; When being that stove is cold, coke load further retreats to complete burnt load 1.8～2.2 with the burnt form that circulates
The ore deposit is criticized to criticize by the ore deposit that is proportional to air quantity and is alleviated 10%～20% control again, but be not less than that normal ore deposit criticizes 50%～55%;
When furnace condition disorder be hearth accumulation or furnace condition disorder greater than 10 days, add manganese ore, the manganese ore consumption press molten iron [Mn] % and is controlled 0.8%～1.0%; Slag in the blast-furnace burden is checked basicity compared with normal production low 0.03～0.05;
(2) air quantity recovers the stage
Add wind tap a blast furnace see slag after, add the amplitude 80 ~ 120m of wind at every turn
3/ min, added the wind interval 30 ~ 40 minutes;
The charging system adjustment is established coal gas and is dredged principle, and the coal gas form is from furnace throat cross temperature temperature, and the marginal point temperature is at 250 ℃～350 ℃, and the central point temperature is at 550 ℃～650 ℃, and subcenter point temperature is at 350 ℃～450 ℃;
Material is fast at 5～7 batches, the with the wind flat rising of water gaging, and the ore deposit is criticized thereupon and is increased the weight of, and the ore deposit is criticized big or small criticizing by the ore deposit that is proportional to air quantity and is alleviated 10%～20% control again; Carry out full coke for smelting in the stove, coke load 2.6 ~ 3.2;
Control for Kiln Temperature is 0.8%～1.2%, and slag iron physical thermal maintains 1480 ℃～1500 ℃, and slag is checked basicity compared with normal production low 0.03～0.05; Air quantity returns to 90%～95% of full blast amount, stops to add manganese ore in the stove;
(3) the recovery stage is criticized in the ore deposit
6.5～7.5 batches of material speed control systems realize the control to reinforced gap coal gas development degree;
The amplitude that increases the weight of that criticize in the ore deposit criticizes at 1t/～and 3t/ criticizes, the amplitude that increases the weight of of coke load is 0.2～0.4, and stablized 16 ~ 24 hours after criticizing and increasing the weight of with coke load in the ore deposit, observes the variation of gas flow distribution in the stove, and adjust targetedly charging system, keep the stable of gas flow distribution; Wind-warm syndrome is increased to 1150 ℃ ~ 1250 ℃ in the stove, and the coal ratio is increased to 100Kg/t ~ 120Kg/t.Molten iron [Si] content is controlled at 0.5% ~ 0.8%, and slag iron physical thermal is controlled at 1500 ℃ ~ 1520 ℃
(4) the strengthening smelting stage
The ore deposit is criticized and is returned to normal level, and coke load reaches 5.0, furnace condition anterograde, after the working of a furnace is kept 16～24 hours, increase the weight of coke load to normal level, use full blast temperature, full top press operation in the stove, Control for Kiln Temperature is 0.3%～0.5%, and slag iron physical thermal is controlled at 1500 ℃～1520 ℃.
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| CN104630397A (en) * | 2015-02-01 | 2015-05-20 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Method for quickly restoring coal injection in large-size blast furnace regular inspection |
| CN104928421A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-09-23 | 攀钢集团西昌钢钒有限公司 | Method for changing too large temperature range of furnace throat in blast furnace smelting process |
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| CN108359760A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-08-03 | 新疆八钢铁股份有限公司 | Large blast furnace maintains the operating procedure of direct motion using low-heat state strength coke |
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| CN112813208A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-18 | 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 | Operating method for large dead coke compost in digestion furnace hearth |
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| CN114107584A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-01 | 江苏沙钢集团有限公司 | Secondary coping method for low-furnace-temperature sliding material of blast furnace |
| CN114107584B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-02-03 | 江苏沙钢集团有限公司 | Secondary coping method for low-furnace-temperature sliding material of blast furnace |
| CN114540562A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-05-27 | 红河钢铁有限公司 | Method for smelting qualified pig iron based on high-harmful-element ore with low consumption |
| CN114891936A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-08-12 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | Method for quickly driving material in blast furnace deficit line |
| CN114891936B (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2023-11-10 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | Method for rapidly expelling materials from blast furnace material shortage line |
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