CN102891372B - Scattering type metamaterial directional antenna - Google Patents
Scattering type metamaterial directional antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN102891372B CN102891372B CN201110120963.1A CN201110120963A CN102891372B CN 102891372 B CN102891372 B CN 102891372B CN 201110120963 A CN201110120963 A CN 201110120963A CN 102891372 B CN102891372 B CN 102891372B
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- main reflector
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Abstract
The invention discloses a scattering type metamaterial directional antenna which comprises a main reflector, a feed source, a metamaterial and a reflection board, wherein the main reflector, the feed source, the metamaterial and the reflection board are arranged relatively in sequence; the feed source is used for emitting electromagnetic waves; the metamaterial is composed of a substrate and a plurality of manmade microstructures on the substrate, and is used for scattering the electromagnetic wave to the reflection board; the reflection board is used for further reflecting the scattered electromagnetic wave back to the main reflector; the main reflector is used for directionally transmitting the reflected electromagnetic wave to a space in a planar wave manner. According to the metamaterial directional antenna, the electromagnetic wave emitted by the feed source passes through the metamaterial and the reflection board, and is scattered so as to bypass the feed source to be projected to a paraboloid main reflector of the antenna, so that the radiation influence of the feed source and a bracket of the feed source on the antenna can be eliminated to a large extent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of antenna, more particularly, relate to the super material directional antenna of a kind of diffuse transmission type.
Background technology
At present, the feedforward main reflector antenna in radar be exactly main reflector be parabola, feed is positioned near its focus, the spherical wave of feed radiation can be become to the directional antenna of plane wave.
Its operation principle is similar to optical mirror, is the focus characteristics that utilizes parabolic main reflector.The spherical wave being sent by feed is just transformed into plane wave after parabolic reflector, form along the strongest narrow beam of parabola axial radiation, the advantage of parabolic antenna is exactly: emission source is placed at the focus place at parabolic reflecting antenna, electromagnetic wave after reflection is parallel beam, make antenna direction transmission, this is that the antenna of other shapes is difficult to accomplish.
In prior art, due to feed and support pole spacing before main reflector, can affect aperture efficiency on blocking of bore, affect electromagnetic radiation.Prior art adopts offset parabolic antenna to avoid feed and the impact of support on radiation thereof.As Yi Zhongwei: its feed is still placed in the focus of the paraboloid of revolution, but only get the radiation that the part of this parabola one side makes feed can not block main reflector bore as main reflector, thereby improve aperture efficiency and beam side lobe characteristic; Another kind of: bias structure is loudspeaker-parabolic antenna, and it is directly to be received on offset parabola and form by a pyramid or conical horn, also can utilize a part for sphere as main reflector.Feed is placed in 1/2 place of spherical radius R conventionally, and at this moment the right fraction sphere of feed is close to the parabola taking R/2 as focal length.
These methods all will be transformed main reflector, implement more complicated.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, for the feed of prior art and support bar thereof on the more irreclaimable defect of aerial radiation impact, provide a kind of provide easy transformation, simple, be easy to realize and the low super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type of cost.
The present invention solves the first technical scheme that its technical problem adopts: the super material directional antenna of a kind of diffuse transmission type, comprise main reflector, feed, super material and reflecting plate, described main reflector, feed, super material, reflecting plate successively order are oppositely arranged, and described feed is for emitting electromagnetic wave; Described super material is made up of multiple artificial micro-structurals on base material and base material, for extremely described reflecting plate of scattering electromagnetic wave; Reflecting plate is placed in the focus place of described main reflector, for the electromagnetic wave of described scattering being reflected back again to described main reflector; Described main reflector for by the described electromagnetic wave being reflected back with the mode directive sending of plane wave to space.
In the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type of the present invention, described super material and described reflecting plate are a Set Global, and described Set Global is placed in the focus place of described main reflector.
In the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type of the present invention, described super material forms by multiple plate shape substrates are stacking, and all people make micro-structural and in space, form periodic array.
In the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type of the present invention, described artificial micro-structural is inhomogeneity periodic array in space.
In the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type of the present invention, in the situation that base material is selected, obtain by pattern, design size and/or artificial micro-structural the arranging in space that changes artificial micro-structural the effective dielectric constant ε and the equivalent permeability μ that want, thereby determine described electromagnetic scattering.
In the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type of the present invention, described base material is made by ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.
In the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type of the present invention, described artificial micro-structural is the figuratum metal wire being attached on base material of a tool.
In the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type of the present invention, described reflecting plate is smooth metallic mirror surface.
In the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type of the present invention, described metal wire is attached on base material by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method.
In the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type of the present invention, described metal wire is copper cash or silver-colored line.
In the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type of the present invention, described metal wire is the derivative type of " work " font and " work " font.
Implement the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type of the present invention, there is following beneficial effect:
The electromagnetic wave being sent by feed is after super material and reflecting plate, and scattering gets around feed, projects on the parabolic main reflector of antenna.Main reflector is launched electromagnetic wave complanation electromagnetic wave, and plane electromagnetic wave has got around feed and super material, and feed and support thereof have just been eliminated largely on the impact of aerial radiation like this.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is prior art directional transmissions electromagnetic wave schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is a kind of super material directional antenna block diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the super material of the present invention.
Embodiment
By describing technology contents of the present invention, structural feature in detail, being realized object and effect, below in conjunction with execution mode and coordinate accompanying drawing to be explained in detail.
" super material " refers to artificial composite structure or the composite material that some have the not available extraordinary physical property of natural material.By the structurally ordered design on the key physical yardstick at material, can break through the restriction of some apparent natural law, thereby obtain the meta-materials function that exceeds the intrinsic common character of nature.Three key characters that " super material " is important:
(1) " super material " normally has novel artificial structure's composite material;
(2) " super material " has extraordinary physical property (not available in natural material often);
(3) " super material " character does not often depend mainly on the intrinsic properties of constituent material, and is decided by artificial structure wherein.
Refer to Fig. 1, the directional antenna of prior art, generally use at present parabolic antenna in radar be exactly main reflector 60 be parabola, feed 10 is positioned near its focus, the spherical wave of feed 10 radiation can be become to the directional antenna of plane wave, and because parabola is one irregular, so need design and setting support 40 that it is installed.
Its operation principle is similar to optical mirror, is the focus characteristics that utilizes parabolic main reflector.The spherical wave being sent by feed 10 is just transformed into plane wave after parabolic reflector, forms along the strongest narrow beam of parabola axial radiation.
The advantage of parabolic antenna is exactly: place feed 10 at the focus place of parabolic reflecting antenna, the electromagnetic wave after reflection is parallel beam, makes antenna direction transmission, and this is that the antenna of other shapes is difficult to accomplish; Shortcoming is: general casting or Digit Control Machine Tool processing, the processing technology complexity of adopting; The directional antenna that its less important acquisition is good, requires paraboloidal ratio of precision higher.
Refer to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, in example of the present invention, the super material directional antenna of a kind of diffuse transmission type, comprising: comprise main reflector 60, feed 10, super material 20 and reflecting plate 30.Main reflector 60, feed 10, super material 20, reflecting plate 30 successively order are oppositely arranged, reflecting plate 30 is placed in the focus place of main reflector 60, super material 20 is made up of multiple artificial micro-structurals 2 on base material 1 and base material, and the electromagnetic property of super material 20 is determined jointly by the effective dielectric constant ε and the equivalent permeability μ that surpass material 20.The electromagnetic wave being sent by feed 10 is to super material 20, scatter to reflecting plate 30 through super material 20, reflexing to main reflector 60 through reflecting plate 30 has again become plane wave and has sent to space, preferably, reflecting plate is smooth metal plate, because super material has scattering properties, make electromagnetic wave walk around feed 10, appear at feed 10 peripheries, main reflector is launched electromagnetic wave complanation electromagnetic wave, and plane electromagnetic wave has got around feed 10 and super material 20, feed 10 of the prior art like this and support thereof (in figure, not indicating) have just been eliminated largely on the impact of aerial radiation.
The super material 20 with this scattering properties is applied in main reflector radar, just can solves the impact of feed 10 on antenna aperture efficiency and radiance.
In the present embodiment, preferably, to surpass material 20 and be combined into a Set Global with reflecting plate 30, this Set Global is placed in the focus of main reflector 60, like this, because electromagnetic wave scatters to after reflecting plate 30 through super material 20, be reflected after plate 30 reflects and send on main reflector 60 after super material 20 is scattered again once, the effect of scattering is better, and efficiency is higher.
Reach the effect of the electromagnetic scattering that feed 10 sends, require the electromagnetic property of super material 20 to there is the characteristic of scattering,, effective dielectric constant ε and the equivalent permeability μ of super material 20 unit, middle part are minimum value, the effective dielectric constant ε of the each unit adjacent with minimum value and equivalent permeability μ's is long-pending from childhood to being greatly gradual change trend, because electromagnetic wave can, to the large local deviation of refractive index, pass through additive effect, get around feed 10 thereby can gradually disperse, reach effect required for the present invention.
The product reaction of the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε of electromagnetic refractive index material and magnetic permeability μ has relation, in the time that a branch of electromagnetic wave propagates into another medium by a kind of medium, electromagnetic wave can reflect, and the larger position deviation angle of refractive index is larger, in the time that the refraction index profile of material inside is non-homogeneous, electromagnetic wave will, to the larger position deviation of refractive index ratio, by changing the distribution of refractive index in material, can change electromagnetic wave propagation path.
Super material can be to electric field or magnetic field, or both carry out corresponding simultaneously.The response of electric field is depended on to the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε of super material, and the response in magnetic field is depended on to the magnetic permeability μ of super material.By the accurate control of the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε to every bit in super material space and magnetic permeability μ, we can realize by super material electromagnetic impact.
Even or the heterogeneous distribution of the electromagnetic parameter of super material in space is one of key character of super material.Electromagnetic parameter is uniformly distributed a kind of special shape for non-uniform Distribution in space, but its concrete property remains by the characteristic of the unit structure of arranging in space and determined.Therefore, by the characteristic of each structure of arranging in design space, the electromagnetic property that just can design whole novel super material every bit in space, this electromagnetic material system will have numerous Strange properties, can play special guiding function to electromagnetic wave propagation.
As shown in Figure 3, as embodiments of the invention, in order to obtain better cumulative dispersion effect, super material 20 of the present invention is by stacking the forming of multiple plate shape substrates 11, one of them plate shape substrates is made up of a base material 1 and artificial micro-structural 2, in other words, super material 20 is formed by the super material stacks of multiple " little ".A base material 1 can be made by ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.As an embodiment, select FR4, F46, polytetrafluoroethylene to make base material.Wherein, the electrical insulating property of polytetrafluoroethylene is very good, therefore can electromagnetic electric field not produced and be disturbed, and there is good chemical stability, corrosion resistance, long service life, the base material that adheres to as artificial micro-structural is good selection.
In the present embodiment, preferably, described artificial micro-structural 2 is metal micro structure, and described each metal micro structure is the figuratum metal wire being attached on plate shape substrates of a tool.
As an embodiment, described metal wire is attached on plate shape substrates by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method.Certainly, can be also other feasible processing methods such as three-dimensional laser processing.
As an embodiment, described metal wire is copper cash or silver-colored line.Copper conducts electricity very well with silver, sensitiveer to the response of electric field.
As the embodiment of the artificial micro-structural of the present invention, the structure of metal wire is the derivative type of " work " font and " work " font; Also have in addition many metal micro structures to magnetic responsiveness, as the opening resonance loop structure being all referred in many documents.Metal micro structure can also have a lot of distortion patterns in addition, and the present invention can not enumerate this.
In the situation that base material is selected, can arranging in space obtain the dispersion effect of wanting by pattern, design size and/or the metal micro structure of design metal micro structure.This is because by pattern, design size and/or metal micro structure the arranging in space of design metal micro structure, can design electromagnetic parameter ε and the μ of each unit in space, excess of export material place.How as for the pattern that obtains metal micro structure, design size and/or metal micro structure arranging in space, this method is multiple, give an example, can obtain by reverse computer simulation, first we determine the scatter distributions needing, go the electromagnetic parameter that designs super material monolithic to distribute according to scatter distributions, calculate again the electromagnetic parameter distribution of every bit space from entirety, select the pattern of corresponding metal micro structure according to the electromagnetic parameter of this every bit, design size and/or metal micro structure arranging in space (having deposited in advance various metals micro-structural data in computer), can use the method for exhaustion to the design of each point, for example first select a metal micro structure with specific pattern, calculate electromagnetic parameter, the contrast that the result obtaining and we are wanted, contrast recirculation repeatedly, till the electromagnetic parameter that finds us to want, if found, the design parameter that has completed metal micro structure is selected, if do not find, change a kind of metal micro structure of pattern, repeat circulation above, till the electromagnetic parameter that finds us to want.If still do not found, said process also can not stop.That is to say that after the metal micro structure of the electromagnetic parameter that has only found our needs, program just can stop.Because this process is all completed by computer, therefore, seem complicated, in fact can complete soon.
Implement the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type of the present invention, there is following beneficial effect:
The electromagnetic wave being sent by feed 10 is after super material 20 and reflecting plate 30, and scattering gets around feed 10, projects on the parabolic main reflector 60 of antenna.Main reflector 60 is launched electromagnetic wave complanation electromagnetic wave, and plane electromagnetic wave has got around feed 10 and super material 20, and feed and support thereof have just been eliminated largely on the impact of aerial radiation like this.
By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are described above; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic; instead of restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; not departing from the scope situation that aim of the present invention and claim protect, also can make a lot of forms, within these all belong to protection of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type, is characterized in that, comprises main reflector, feed, super material and reflecting plate, and described main reflector, feed, super material, reflecting plate successively order are oppositely arranged, and described feed is for emitting electromagnetic wave; Described super material is made up of multiple artificial micro-structurals on base material and base material, be used for electromagnetic scattering to described reflecting plate, described super material includes multiple unit, the effective dielectric constant ε of the unit, middle part of described super material and equivalent permeability μ are relative minimum, and the effective dielectric constant ε of the each unit adjacent with this unit, middle part and equivalent permeability μ's is long-pending from childhood to being greatly gradual change trend; Described reflecting plate is placed in the focus of described main reflector, for the electromagnetic wave of described scattering being reflected back again to described main reflector; Described main reflector for by the described electromagnetic wave being reflected back with the mode directive sending of plane wave to space.
2. the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described super material and described reflecting plate are a Set Global, and described Set Global is placed in the focus place of described main reflector.
3. the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described super material forms by multiple plate shape substrates are stacking, and all people make micro-structural and in space, form periodic array.
4. the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described artificial micro-structural is inhomogeneity periodic array in space.
5. the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the situation that base material is selected, obtain by pattern, design size and/or artificial micro-structural the arranging in space that changes artificial micro-structural the effective dielectric constant ε and the equivalent permeability μ that want, thereby determine described electromagnetic scattering.
6. the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described base material is made by ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.
7. the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described artificial micro-structural is the figuratum metal wire being attached on base material of a tool.
8. the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described reflecting plate is smooth metallic mirror surface.
9. the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described metal wire is attached on base material by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method.
10. the super material directional antenna of diffuse transmission type according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described metal wire is copper cash or silver-colored line.
The super material directional antenna of 11. diffuse transmission type according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described metal wire is the derivative type of " work " font and " work " font.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110120963.1A CN102891372B (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2011-05-11 | Scattering type metamaterial directional antenna |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110120963.1A CN102891372B (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2011-05-11 | Scattering type metamaterial directional antenna |
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| CN102891372A CN102891372A (en) | 2013-01-23 |
| CN102891372B true CN102891372B (en) | 2014-11-05 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2408577Y (en) * | 2000-03-02 | 2000-11-29 | 寰波科技股份有限公司 | Parabolic reflector antenna |
| US7205949B2 (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2007-04-17 | Harris Corporation | Dual reflector antenna and associated methods |
| US7570432B1 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2009-08-04 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Metamaterial gradient index lens |
| CN101884137A (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2010-11-10 | 株式会社Ntt都科摩 | Wireless communication system |
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2011
- 2011-05-11 CN CN201110120963.1A patent/CN102891372B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2408577Y (en) * | 2000-03-02 | 2000-11-29 | 寰波科技股份有限公司 | Parabolic reflector antenna |
| US7205949B2 (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2007-04-17 | Harris Corporation | Dual reflector antenna and associated methods |
| CN101884137A (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2010-11-10 | 株式会社Ntt都科摩 | Wireless communication system |
| US7570432B1 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2009-08-04 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Metamaterial gradient index lens |
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| CN102891372A (en) | 2013-01-23 |
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