CN102889968B - Acoustical method for detecting low-concentration sulfur hexafluoride gas - Google Patents
Acoustical method for detecting low-concentration sulfur hexafluoride gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN102889968B CN102889968B CN201210386237.9A CN201210386237A CN102889968B CN 102889968 B CN102889968 B CN 102889968B CN 201210386237 A CN201210386237 A CN 201210386237A CN 102889968 B CN102889968 B CN 102889968B
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- 229910018503 SF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
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Abstract
The invention discloses an acoustical method and a device for detecting low-concentration sulfur hexafluoride gas. The method comprises the following steps of: utilizing a relation between velocity of ultrasonic wave transmitting in gas and gas molar mass, measuring travel time tp when the acoustic wave passes through a detection channel with fixed length by a method of amplitude modulation and envelope detection applied to communication, calculating the travel time tR in air without mixed sulfur hexafluoride under a current environmental condition at the same time, and representing sulfur hexafluoride concentration by use of time difference delta t of the tp and tR. The method has a good detection effect and high precision, and problems of insufficient detection precision of the travel time and a cross cycle in a conventional low-concentration sulfur hexafluoride acoustic velocity detection technology are solved, and precise detection of low-concentration sulfur hexafluoride concentration in a single channel manner is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to acoustic method and the device thereof of the detection of a kind of low concentration sulfur hexafluoride gas, be applied in the middle pressure of electric system, high pressure and extra high voltage circuit breaker, on-line checkingi is carried out to the leakage of sulfur hexafluoride gas-insulating and arc-extinguishing medium.
Background technology
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF
6) be that there is remarkable electrical insulating property and the gas of arc quenching characteristic.The sulfur hexafluoride of described low concentration refers to the sulfur hexafluoride of concentration within the scope of 0 ~ 3000ppm.In power industry, SF
6be widely used in conductance equipment chain, as power switch, enclosed capacitor group, transformer etc.In operation, SF
6the leakage of gas is inevitable, when there being high-current on-off, because strong arc discharge can produce the subfluoride of some sulfur-bearings in leak scene.These substance reaction abilities are comparatively strong, can react further again when having water and oxygen with electrode material, hydrone, thus decompose the poisonous or hypertoxic gas of generation.The respiratory system of these toxic gas major determinant human bodies, there will be after poisoning and is similar to flu, allergic, the bad reaction such as n and V, fatigue, when inhalation dose is large, there will be more serious consequence.In addition due to SF
6specific gravity of gas is larger than air, leaks and easily assembles, easily cause low sheaf space anoxic, cause field personnel to suffocate.Therefore, accurately SF in air is detected
6gas concentration is the guarantee of device security reliability service, and its security also receives global concern.For SF
6device context environment is to the threat of human health, country has formulated relevant criterion--and " The guide for processing and measuring SF6 gas in power apparatus " (GB/T 8905-1996), wherein talks about in 7.3.3: indoors the ground floor of equipment installation site answers oxygen measuring apparatus and the concentration of sulfur hexafluoride instrument of mounting strap warning device ... concentration of sulfur hexafluoride instrument sends warning when sulfur hexafluoride content reaches 1000 μ L/L in atmosphere ... should ventilate during as found defective, taking a breath.
From physical property, SF
6be a kind of colourless, tasteless under normality, nontoxic nonflammable gas, proportion is about 5 times of air.Chemically see that its chemical composition stability has fabulous thermal stability in nature.Therefore SF is detected
6gas concentration is difficult to picture and detects O
2or CO
2equally adopt chemical sensor.The method of people's also once research application other measure gas concentrations, as: vapor-phase chromatography, coefficient of heat conductivity method, electron drift method, spectroscopic methodology, negative corona discharge method etc.But these methods all need expensive instrument and equipment, and require that operator has quite high operant level, are obviously all not suitable for.The existing sulfur hexafluoride detection system for high-voltage transforming scene is many based on three kinds of principles, a kind of is principle based on high-voltage corona discharge, when containing the sulfur hexafluoride gas of variable concentrations in air, the electric current of high-voltage corona discharge just changes to some extent, determines the size of the concentration of the sulfur hexafluoride leaked in air by measuring the size of this discharge current.This type of equipment volume is little, is convenient to build network, but its high-voltage corona discharge sensor life-time is shorter, work that can not be steady in a long-term, and is difficult to reach higher stability, and its staking-out work is also more difficult.Second method utilizes SF
6gas has the feature of strong absorption to infrared ray, comes qualitative or detects SF quantitatively
6leakage situation, the accuracy of detection of this kind equipment is high at present, but cost is very high.So market is starved of a kind of simple and easy economy, high real-time, stablizes the detection that measuring equipment that is small and exquisite, the high life carries out the on-the-spot concentration of sulfur hexafluoride of high pressure.The third method is exactly that sonic detection technology is to detect SF
6concentration, the general method adopting the method for sound speed detection or propagation delay to detect, which utilizes such principle: when the mass difference of the two kinds of gases forming binary mixture is larger, sound propagation velocity changes with the difference of two kinds of gas compositions.A kind of method of acoustics is also had to be beneficial to the gas of different nature and acoustic attenuation method that detect different to the attenuation degree of the sound wave of different frequency.
But also there are some problems in the acoustic detection method of current used concentration of sulfur hexafluoride.What application number was " 200810025458.7 " application discloses one " ultrasonic wave detecting system of centralized cycle formula sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration and method ", what the method adopted on Design and implementation is binary channels time difference measurement method, in other words, realized by the measurement of phase differential, but there is cycle fuzzy problem in this measuring method, therefore, the method is difficult to the contradiction between mediation accuracy of detection and sensing range.In addition, the attenuation of ultrasound method of the detection concentration of sulfur hexafluoride utilizing gas with various to develop the different principle of hyperacoustic degree of absorption, better to the Detection results of high concentration sulfur hexafluoride, but not good enough to the Detection results of low concentration.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: provide a kind of Detection results good, and the acoustic method that detects of the high low concentration sulfur hexafluoride gas of precision and device thereof, to solve in existing sound velocity method or propagation delay method the contradiction existing and be difficult to be in harmonious proportion between accuracy of detection and sensing range, overcome the deficiency of prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, first technical scheme of the present invention is: the acoustic method that a kind of low concentration sulfur hexafluoride gas detects, and its innovative point is: the step of described detection is:
Step a, send pulse modulated wave by microcomputer unit, and timing by timer;
Step b, described pulse modulated wave are by after the power amplification of driver element, and drive the transmitting terminal of soic wave transmitting energy converter and send sound wave, described soic wave transmitting energy converter is contained in length and is
sense channel one end;
The sound wave that step c, described soic wave transmitting energy converter send by length is
sense channel after, the acoustic receiver receive MUT be equipped with by the sense channel other end, and the sound wave received is converted to electric signal by described acoustic receiver transducer;
Steps d, the electric signal that exported by acoustic receiver transducer, after the conditioning of signal condition unit, are produced as the hopping edge representing sound wave due in;
Step e, by representing that the hopping edge triggered timer of sound wave due in stops timing, the timing starting point in integrating step a, is calculated in sense channel the sonic detection propagation delay of the air being mixed with sulfur hexafluoride by microcomputer unit
;
Step f, gather current temperature data by temperature sensor module, and the length of sense channel, calculate at such a temperature by microcomputer unit, pressure is the velocity of sound in the air of 1 normal atmosphere pressure, finally utilizes sonic detection propagation delay
with reference propagation delay
difference
characterize sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration.
In above-mentioned first technical scheme, the pulse modulated wave that described microcomputer unit sends comprises carrier wave and modulating wave, the carrier frequency of described carrier wave is identical with the centre frequency of soic wave transmitting energy converter and acoustic receiver transducer, and the frequency of modulated wave of described modulating wave controls 1/(10 ~ 40 of the carrier frequency at carrier wave) scope in; The pulse modulated wave that described microcomputer unit sends is individual pulse modulating wave, or set of pulses modulating wave.
In above-mentioned first technical scheme, the electric signal that described acoustic receiver transducer exports, after the conditioning of the filtering of signal condition unit, amplification, detection and voltage compare, is produced as the hopping edge representing sound wave due in.
In above-mentioned first technical scheme, described timer is the timer be embedded in microcomputer unit, or the timer of the individual devices be electrically connected with microcomputer unit.
In above-mentioned first technical scheme, in the length of current temperature data and sense channel 8 in step f
and the reference propagation delay calculated
, be calculated by following formula:
。
In order to achieve the above object, second technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of acoustic apparatus detecting low concentration sulfur hexafluoride gas, comprises the microcomputer unit of embedded timer, driver element, acoustic wave transducer, signal condition unit, temperature sensor module, communications interface unit and the accommodating sense channel being mixed with the detection gas of sulfur hexafluoride; Described acoustic wave transducer comprises soic wave transmitting energy converter and sound wave receiving transducer, and soic wave transmitting energy converter and sound wave receiving transducer are contained in the two ends of sense channel respectively; The output terminal of described microcomputer unit is electrically connected with the soic wave transmitting energy converter being contained in sense channel one end by driver element, and the acoustic receiver transducer being contained in the sense channel other end is electrically connected with the input end of microcomputer unit by signal condition unit; Described temperature sensor module and communications interface unit communicate to connect with microcomputer unit respectively.
In above-mentioned second technical scheme, described signal condition unit comprises filtering circuit, amplifying circuit, peak detection circuit and voltage comparator circuit; Described filtering circuit, amplifying circuit, peak detection circuit and voltage comparator circuit are electrically connected successively, and filtering circuit is electrically connected with acoustic receiver transducer, and voltage comparator circuit is electrically connected with the input end of microcomputer unit.
In above-mentioned second technical scheme, described peak detection circuit comprises the detecting circuit and the first filtering circuit that are electrically connected successively, and described detecting circuit is electrically connected with amplifying circuit, and the first filtering circuit is electrically connected with voltage comparator circuit.
In above-mentioned second technical scheme, described communications interface unit is wireless communication interface circuit.
In above-mentioned second technical scheme, described communications interface unit is wired communication interface circuit.
The good effect that the present invention has is: present invention utilizes the relation between the velocity of sound and gas molal weight when ultrasound wave is propagated in gas, and adopt the method for amplitude modulation(PAM) and the envelope detection be applied in communication, carry out measuring sound wave in travel-time of the sense channel by regular length or the velocity of sound, and then determine that the method for gas componant solves travel-time accuracy of detection deficiency and cycle fuzzy problem in existing sound velocity method Gas Thickness Detecting Technology, achieve and adopt single-channel mode to gas concentration, especially for the accurate detection of the concentration of sulfur hexafluoride of low concentration.Single channel detector of the present invention is compared to the double-channel detector in prior art, and more succinct in structure, power consumption is lower, is easier to miniaturization, and the present invention can develop into wireless sensor node in the future.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural principle schematic diagram of the acoustic apparatus of detection low concentration sulfur hexafluoride gas of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the electrical block diagram of signal condition unit in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the algorithm flow chart of the computation structure of the acoustic method that low concentration sulfur hexafluoride gas of the present invention detects.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Fig. 1,2,4, the acoustic method that a kind of low concentration sulfur hexafluoride gas detects, the step of described detection is:
Step a, send pulse modulated wave by microcomputer unit 1, and timing by timer;
Step b, described pulse modulated wave are by after the power amplification of driver element 2, and drive the transmitting terminal of soic wave transmitting energy converter 3 and send sound wave, described soic wave transmitting energy converter 3 is contained in length and is
sense channel 8 one end;
The sound wave that step c, described soic wave transmitting energy converter 3 send by length is
sense channel 8 after, the acoustic receiver transducer 4 be equipped with by sense channel 8 other end receives, and the sound wave received is converted to electric signal by described acoustic receiver transducer 4;
Steps d, the electric signal that exported by acoustic receiver transducer 4, after signal condition unit 5 is nursed one's health, are produced as the hopping edge representing sound wave due in;
Step e, by representing that the hopping edge triggered timer of sound wave due in stops timing, the timing starting point in integrating step a, is calculated the sonic detection propagation delay of the air being mixed with sulfur hexafluoride in sense channel 8 by microcomputer unit 1
;
Step f, gather current temperature data by temperature sensor module 6, and the length of sense channel 8, calculate at such a temperature by microcomputer unit 1, pressure is the velocity of sound in the air of 1 normal atmosphere pressure, finally utilizes sonic detection propagation delay
with reference propagation delay
difference
characterize sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration.
In actual applications, sound wave is with reference to propagation delay
computing formula be:
Therefore, sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration
be expressed as sonic detection propagation delay
with reference propagation delay
difference:
。
In general, our reference gas is air, and the molal weight due to sulfur hexafluoride is higher than air 4 times, and other parameter is all at the same order of magnitude, and therefore, the velocity of sound of tested gas obviously reduces along with the increase of concentration of sulfur hexafluoride.
Described with reference to propagation delay
design conditions and detect propagation delay
temperature, pressure, sense channel identical length with.
Effect is driven preferably in order to ensure reaching, the pulse modulated wave that described microcomputer unit 1 sends comprises carrier wave and modulating wave, the carrier frequency of described carrier wave is identical with the centre frequency of soic wave transmitting energy converter 3 and acoustic receiver transducer 4, and the frequency of modulated wave of described modulating wave controls 1/(10 ~ 40 of the carrier frequency at carrier wave) scope in; The pulse modulated wave that described microcomputer unit 1 sends is individual pulse modulating wave, or set of pulses modulating wave.
As shown in Figure 2, in order to guarantee to get the due in receiving sound wave exactly, the electric signal that described acoustic receiver transducer 4 exports, after the conditioning of the filtering of signal condition unit 5, amplification, detection and voltage compare, is produced as the hopping edge representing sound wave due in.
Timer of the present invention is embedded in the timer in microcomputer unit 1, or the timer of the individual devices be electrically connected with microcomputer unit 1.The present invention preferentially selects the timer be embedded in microcomputer unit 1, and that is because can reduce wiring, convenient operation, minimizing error, also can reduce production cost.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, detect an acoustic apparatus for low concentration sulfur hexafluoride gas, comprise the microcomputer unit 1 of embedded timer, driver element 2, acoustic wave transducer, signal condition unit 5, temperature sensor module 6, communications interface unit 7 and the accommodating sense channel 8 being mixed with the detection gas of sulfur hexafluoride; Described acoustic wave transducer comprises soic wave transmitting energy converter 3 and sound wave receiving transducer 4, and soic wave transmitting energy converter 3 and sound wave receiving transducer 4 are contained in the two ends of sense channel 8 respectively; The output terminal of described microcomputer unit 1 is electrically connected with the soic wave transmitting energy converter 3 being contained in sense channel 8 one end by driver element 2, and the acoustic receiver transducer 4 being contained in sense channel 8 other end is electrically connected by the input end of signal condition unit 5 with microcomputer unit 1; Described temperature sensor module 6 and communications interface unit 7 communicate to connect with microcomputer unit 1 respectively.
As shown in Figure 3, in order to guarantee to get the due in receiving sound wave exactly, described signal condition unit 5 comprises filtering circuit 5-1, amplifying circuit 5-2, peak detection circuit 5-3 and voltage comparator circuit 5-4; Described filtering circuit 5-1, amplifying circuit 5-2, peak detection circuit 5-3 and voltage comparator circuit 5-4 are electrically connected successively, and filtering circuit 5-1 is electrically connected with acoustic receiver transducer 4, and voltage comparator circuit 5-4 is electrically connected with the input end of microcomputer unit 1.
As shown in Figure 3, in order to improve signal integrity further, reduce interference, and then raising measuring accuracy, described peak detection circuit 5-3 comprises the detecting circuit 5-3-1 and the first filtering circuit 5-3-2 that are electrically connected successively, described detecting circuit 5-3-1 is electrically connected with amplifying circuit 5-2, and the first filtering circuit 5-3-2 is electrically connected with voltage comparator circuit 5-4.
In order to the variation making measurement data of the present invention communicate with host computer, described communications interface unit 7 is wireless communication interface circuit, or wired communication interface circuit.Described communications interface unit 7 communicates to connect with host computer, then the data measured, calculate externally is transmitted.Because described microcomputer unit 1 directly carries out timing controlled to the driver element 2 of sound wave, therefore, the present invention can realize the objects such as Timing measurement gas concentration.
When the acoustic apparatus of detection low concentration sulfur hexafluoride gas of the present invention uses, be mounted in and likely occur immediately below equipment that sulfur hexafluoride leaks, once SF
6after Leakage Gas, the through hole that can be provided with by sense channel 8, is entered in sense channel 8.
As shown in Figure 4, the measuring method based on the acoustic apparatus of above-mentioned described detection low concentration sulfur hexafluoride gas is:
(1), by microcomputer unit 1 produce and send set of pulses modulating wave after driver element 2 power amplification, driving soic wave transmitting energy converter 3 to launch sound wave through sense channel 8, open embedded timer simultaneously and start timing;
(2), the sound wave received is converted to electric signal, and converts through signal condition unit 5 by acoustic receiver transducer 4, and last microcomputer unit 1 at once stops timing during signal after receiving conversion, calculates detection propagation delay by microcomputer unit 1
;
(3), according to temperature sensor module 6 current environment temperature is gathered, then by microcomputer unit 1 computing reference propagation delay
;
(4), by calculating the difference of two propagation delays, concentration of sulfur hexafluoride is characterized.
Microcomputer unit 1 of the present invention preferentially selects model to be ATMEGA16_TQFP44, and soic wave transmitting energy converter 3 and sound wave receiving transducer 4 are preferentially selected and produced by Taiwan Guang Bao company, and model is the acoustic wave transducer of TC40-16T/R.Certainly, the present invention also can select microcomputer unit and the acoustic wave transducer of other model.
Input, the output terminal of unit of the present invention are marked with label, and unit needs the pin label of connection consistent.
The present invention obtains detecting propagation delay by measurement
(in length be
sense channel 8 be mixed with the air of sulfur hexafluoride gas), by calculating with reference to propagation delay
(in length be
sense channel 8 have reference gas (air)), the concentration of sulfur hexafluoride can be characterized by both differences.Time delay due to electric signal is far smaller than Acoustic Wave Propagation time delay, therefore, pulse modulated wave is from the travel-time of microcomputer unit 1 to soic wave transmitting energy converter 3, and acoustic receiver transducer 4 to microcomputer unit 1 receives feedback time again, negligible, the Concentration Testing of the present invention to sulfur hexafluoride gas can not be affected.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; be noted that for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
The acoustic method detection method that low concentration sulfur hexafluoride gas of the present invention detects is simple, effective, and precision is high, and the acoustic apparatus that its low concentration sulfur hexafluoride gas detects, not only structure is simple, and cost is low.The invention solves in existing sound velocity method or propagation delay method and there is accuracy of detection and the conflicting problem of sensing range.
Claims (5)
1. an acoustic method for low concentration sulfur hexafluoride gas detection, is characterized in that: the step of described detection is:
Step a, send pulse modulated wave by microcomputer unit (1), and timing by timer;
Step b, described pulse modulated wave are by after the power amplification of driver element (2), and drive the transmitting terminal of soic wave transmitting energy converter (3) and send sound wave, described soic wave transmitting energy converter (3) is contained in length and is
sense channel (8) one end;
The sound wave that step c, described soic wave transmitting energy converter (3) send by length is
sense channel (8) after, the acoustic receiver transducer (4) that is equipped with by sense channel (8) other end receives, and the sound wave received is converted to electric signal by described acoustic receiver transducer (4);
Steps d, the electric signal that exported by acoustic receiver transducer (4), after signal condition unit (5) conditioning, are produced as the hopping edge representing sound wave due in;
Step e, by representing that the hopping edge triggered timer of sound wave due in stops timing, the timing starting point in integrating step a, is calculated the sonic detection propagation delay being mixed with the air of sulfur hexafluoride in sense channel (8) by microcomputer unit (1)
;
Step f, by temperature sensor module (6) gather current temperature data, and the length of sense channel (8), calculate at such a temperature by microcomputer unit (1), pressure is the velocity of sound in the air of 1 normal atmosphere pressure, finally utilizes sonic detection propagation delay
with reference propagation delay
difference
characterize sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration.
2. the acoustic method of low concentration sulfur hexafluoride gas detection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the pulse modulated wave that described microcomputer unit (1) sends comprises carrier wave and modulating wave, the carrier frequency of described carrier wave is identical with the centre frequency of soic wave transmitting energy converter (3) and acoustic receiver transducer (4), and the frequency of modulated wave of described modulating wave controls 1/(10 ~ 40 of the carrier frequency at carrier wave) scope in; The pulse modulated wave that described microcomputer unit (1) sends is individual pulse modulating wave, or set of pulses modulating wave.
3. the acoustic method of low concentration sulfur hexafluoride gas detection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: after the conditioning of the filtering of electric signal through signal condition unit (5) that described acoustic receiver transducer (4) exports, amplification, detection and voltage compare, be produced as the hopping edge representing sound wave due in.
4. the acoustic method of low concentration sulfur hexafluoride gas detection according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described timer is embedded in the timer in microcomputer unit (1), or the timer of the individual devices be electrically connected with microcomputer unit (1).
5. the acoustic method that detects of low concentration sulfur hexafluoride gas according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the length of current temperature data and sense channel (8) in step f
and the reference propagation delay calculated
, be calculated by following formula:
。
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