CN102884289A - 燃料喷雾喷嘴 - Google Patents

燃料喷雾喷嘴 Download PDF

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CN102884289A
CN102884289A CN2011800238508A CN201180023850A CN102884289A CN 102884289 A CN102884289 A CN 102884289A CN 2011800238508 A CN2011800238508 A CN 2011800238508A CN 201180023850 A CN201180023850 A CN 201180023850A CN 102884289 A CN102884289 A CN 102884289A
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air
fuel
spray nozzle
sprayer unit
fuel spray
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津曲一郎
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Hino Motors Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F01N3/0256—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases the fuel being ignited by electrical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/36—Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/16—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air
    • F02B37/164—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air the bypassed air being used in an auxiliary apparatus, e.g. in an air turbine
    • F02B37/166—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air the bypassed air being used in an auxiliary apparatus, e.g. in an air turbine the auxiliary apparatus being a combustion chamber, e.g. upstream of turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

构成一种燃料喷雾喷嘴(16)，其具备：喷雾单元(18)，其在内部具备雾化空气(4')所流过的空气流路(17)，构成为筒状；以及燃料喷射阀(20)，其在该喷雾单元(18)的内部的空气流路(17)的途中通过占空比控制来调整流量，喷射燃料(19)，该燃料喷雾喷嘴(16)从前述喷雾单元(18)的基端侧将雾化空气(4')以流速9m/s以上导入，从前端侧的喷射口(21)喷出。

Description

燃料喷雾喷嘴
技术领域
本发明涉及燃料喷雾喷嘴。
背景技术
以往，在柴油发动机中，在排气气体所流动通过的排气管的途中装备颗粒过滤器，通过该颗粒过滤器来捕集在排气气体中含有的颗粒(Particulate Matter：颗粒物质)，在这种颗粒过滤器中，一体地担载着以Pt或Pd等为活性中心的氧化催化剂，使已捕集的颗粒从极低的排气温度开始自燃。
但是，在排气温度低的运行区域中，捕集量多于颗粒的处理量，所以如果持续这样的低排气温度下的运行状态，则颗粒过滤器的再生无法良好地进行，该颗粒过滤器可能陷于过捕集状态。
因此，以往提出了以下方案：在颗粒过滤器的前段设置排气气体升温用燃烧器，将由该排气气体升温用燃烧器的燃烧炉(burner)燃烧产生的排气气体升温，并将该高温排气气体导入颗粒过滤器，由此，积极地提高颗粒过滤器的催化剂床温度，使已捕集的颗粒充分燃烧，实现颗粒过滤器的再生化。
另外，作为与这样使用燃烧炉将颗粒过滤器等升温的技术有关的在先技术文献信息，例如，已经存在下述专利文献1和专利文献2等。
专利文献1：日本特开平5-86845号公报
专利文献2：日本特开平6-167212号公报。
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题。
然而，这种排气气体升温用燃烧器的燃料喷雾喷嘴，调节比(最小和最大的燃料流量之比)需要为10～20倍，而且必须能够实现均匀的微小粒子喷雾，但是现有的燃烧炉和蒸汽涡轮机等中的燃料喷雾喷嘴采用基于压力调整的燃料流量调整的机构，所以调节比不足10倍，此外，在为了实现10～20倍调节比而采用基于占空比控制(PWM控制)的燃料流量调整的机构时，存在无法得到均匀且微小的喷雾的问题。
即，在通过燃烧器来实现颗粒过滤器的再生的情况下，需要将该颗粒过滤器的床温度保持在约600℃左右，但是排气气体的流量和温度相应于柴油发动机的运行状态(转速和负荷)而时刻变化，所以如果调节比没有10～20倍左右，则难以使燃烧器的燃烧状态跟随柴油发动机的运行状态而将颗粒过滤器的床温度保持在约600℃左右，需要更精细且高精度地控制燃料流量。
另一方面，占空比控制是指以下控制：在将燃料保持为一定压力的基础上，使电磁阀以一定周期驱动，在该周期中以将电磁阀开闭的时间的比率调整燃料流量。如果采用这样的控制，那么如图4的曲线图所示，与基于压力控制的燃料流量调整相比，能够大幅地增大调节比，但特别是在少量喷射燃料的情况下，燃料喷雾的粒径变粗，难以得到微小的喷雾，其燃烧性和着火性变差，有可能导致耗油量的恶化或白烟的产生。
本发明是鉴于上述实际情况而做出的，其目的在于，提供一种燃料喷雾喷嘴，其实现10～20倍的调节比，并且即使在少量喷射燃料时也能够实现均匀且微小的喷雾。
用于解决问题的技术方案。
本发明涉及一种燃料喷雾喷嘴，其特征在于，具备：喷雾单元，其在内部具备雾化空气所流过的空气流路，构成为筒状；以及燃料喷射阀，其在该喷雾单元的内部的空气流路的途中通过占空比控制来调整流量，喷射燃料，该燃料喷雾喷嘴构成为从前述喷雾单元的基端侧将雾化空气以流速9m/s以上导入，从前端侧喷出。
于是，如果这样做，那么从燃料喷射阀喷射的燃料中的微小粒子在喷射后立即随着雾化空气的流动从喷雾单元的前端侧喷出，另一方面，从燃料喷射阀喷射的燃料的粒子中的大粒子与空气流路的内壁碰撞而分散，从而被微粒化，沿着该空气流路的内壁被引导至喷雾单元的前端侧的大粒子也在该喷雾单元的前端侧的喷射口的边缘被雾化空气的流动撕碎而飞散，从而被微粒化。
因此，在通过占空比控制来调整从燃料喷射阀喷射的燃料的流量、将调节比设为10～20倍来进行燃料喷射控制、缩小燃料的喷射量而实施少量喷射时，即使难以得到均匀且微小的喷雾而平均粒径变大，通过与空气流路的内壁碰撞而分散的作用以及在喷雾单元的前端侧的喷射口的边缘被撕碎而飞散的作用，促进了燃料的粒子的微粒化，所以也能够实现均匀且微小的喷雾。
此外，本发明优选地构成为能够将燃烧空气的至少一部分作为雾化空气来导入，如果这样做，那么即使不确保雾化空气的新的供给源，也能够通过将燃烧空气的一部分挪用而维持，能够实现实施成本的大幅削减。
发明的效果。
依照上述的本发明的燃料喷雾喷嘴，能够得到如下所述的各种优异效果。
(I) 通过采用占空比控制，能够实现10～20倍的调节比，所以能够更精细且高精度地控制燃料流量，而且，在少量喷射燃料时也能够实现均匀且微小的喷雾，所以能够显著地提高其燃烧性和着火性，事先防止耗油量的恶化或白烟的产生。
(II) 如果构成为能够将燃烧空气的至少一部分作为雾化空气导入，那么即使不确保雾化空气的新的供给源，也能够通过将燃烧空气的一部分挪用而维持，能够实现实施成本的大幅削减。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的一个实施例的概略图。
图2是表示图1的燃烧器所具备的燃料喷雾喷嘴的详细情况的截面图。
图3是表示雾化空气的空气流速和平均粒径的关系的曲线图。
图4是表示燃料的喷射量和平均粒径的关系的曲线图。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图说明本发明的实施方式。
图1表示本发明的一个实施例，图1中的符号1表示装备有涡轮增压机2的柴油发动机，从空气清洁器3导入的吸气4通过吸气管5被送至前述涡轮增压机2的压缩机2a，由该压缩机2a加压后的吸气4被送至中间冷却器6而被冷却，将吸气4进一步从该中间冷却器6导向吸气歧管7，分配给柴油发动机1的各气筒8(在图1中举例示出直列6气筒的情况)，此外，从前述柴油发动机1的各气筒8排出的排气气体9经由排气歧管10被送往涡轮增压机2的涡轮机2b，在驱动该涡轮机2b后向排气管11送出。
而且，在前述排气管11的途中，一体地担载有氧化催化剂的颗粒过滤器12(排气净化部件)被保持在消声器13上而装备，并且，在该颗粒过滤器12的前段装备有燃烧器14，其喷射适量的燃料并使之着火燃烧，在该燃烧器14，具备喷射适量燃料的燃料喷雾喷嘴和用于对从该喷射口喷射的燃料点火的点火塞。
另外，相对于前述燃烧器14，连接有从涡轮增压机2的压缩机2a的下游分支的燃烧用空气供给管15，通过该燃烧用空气供给管15，能够将由前述压缩机2a增压的吸气4的一部分取出而作为兼做燃烧空气的雾化空气来导入。
图2表示前述燃烧器14所具备的燃料喷雾喷嘴16的详细情况，具备喷雾单元18和燃料喷射阀20，喷雾单元18在内部具备使由前述压缩机2a增压的吸气4的一部分作为雾化空气4'流过的空气流路17，构成为筒状，燃料喷射阀20在该喷雾单元18的内部的空气流路17的途中通过占空比控制来调整流量，喷射燃料19。适当地设定前述空气流路17的流路截面积，使得能够从前述喷雾单元18的基端侧将雾化空气4'以流速9m/s以上导入，从前端侧的喷射口21喷出。
而且，如果这样地构成燃料喷雾喷嘴16，那么从燃料喷射阀20喷射的燃料19中的微小粒子在喷射后立即随着雾化空气4'的流动从喷雾单元18的前端侧喷出，另一方面，从燃料喷射阀20喷射的燃料19的粒子中的大粒子与空气流路17的内壁碰撞而分散，从而被微粒化，沿着该空气流路17的内壁被引导至喷雾单元18的前端侧的大粒子也在该喷雾单元18的前端侧的喷射口21的边缘被雾化空气4'的流动撕碎而飞散，从而被微粒化。
因此，在通过占空比控制来调整从燃料喷射阀20喷射的燃料19的流量、将调节比设为10～20倍来进行燃料喷射控制、缩小燃料19的喷射量而实施少量喷射时，即使难以得到均匀且微小的喷雾而平均粒径变大，通过与空气流路17的内壁碰撞而分散的作用以及在喷雾单元18的前端侧的喷射口21的边缘被撕碎而飞散的作用，促进了燃料19的粒子的微粒化，所以也能够实现均匀且微小的喷雾。
事实上，依照本发明者的实验结果，确认了：如图3的曲线图所示，在没有雾化空气4'的情况下(图3的曲线图中的空气流速为0m/s)，平均粒径越接近100μm，在缩小了燃料流量的条件(参照图4)下，如果使雾化空气4'为流速9m/s以上，那么从喷雾单元18的喷射口21喷雾的燃料19的平均粒径能够降低至低于40μm那样的非常小的粒径。
所以，依照上述实施例，通过采用占空比控制，能够实现10～20倍的调节比，所以能够更精细且高精度地控制燃料流量，即使排气气体9的流量和温度相应于柴油发动机1的运行状态(转速和负荷)而时刻变化，也能够使燃烧器14的燃烧状态跟随该柴油发动机1的运行状态而将颗粒过滤器12的床温度可靠地保持在约600℃左右，而且，在少量喷射燃料19时也能够实现均匀且微小的喷雾，所以能够显著地提高其燃烧性和着火性，事先防止耗油量的恶化和白烟的产生。
此外，特别是在本实施例中，由于构成为能够将由压缩机2a增压的吸气4的一部分作为兼做燃烧空气的雾化空气4'来导入，因而即使不确保雾化空气4'的新的供给源，也能够通过将燃烧空气的一部分挪用而维持，能够实现实施成本的大幅削减。
另外，当然，本发明的燃料喷雾喷嘴不仅限于上述实施例，不限于用于将颗粒过滤器再生的燃烧器所具备的燃料喷雾喷嘴，此外，雾化空气不必限于将由压缩机增压的吸气的一部分导入，也可以具备专用的鼓风机来导入，此外，在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内，能够进行各种变更。
符号说明
4'  雾化空气
16  燃料喷雾喷嘴
17  空气流路
18  喷雾单元
19  燃料
20  燃料喷射阀。

Claims (2)

1. 一种燃料喷雾喷嘴，具备喷雾单元和燃料喷射阀，所述喷雾单元在内部具备雾化空气所流过的空气流路，构成为筒状，所述燃料喷射阀在该喷雾单元的内部的空气流路的途中通过占空比控制来调整流量，喷射燃料，所述燃料喷雾喷嘴构成为从所述喷雾单元的基端侧将雾化空气以流速9m/s以上导入，从前端侧喷出。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的燃料喷雾喷嘴，其特征在于，构成为能够将燃烧空气的至少一部分作为雾化空气而导入。
CN2011800238508A 2010-05-13 2011-05-09 燃料喷雾喷嘴 Pending CN102884289A (zh)

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